JP2006352466A - Image sensing device - Google Patents

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JP2006352466A
JP2006352466A JP2005175393A JP2005175393A JP2006352466A JP 2006352466 A JP2006352466 A JP 2006352466A JP 2005175393 A JP2005175393 A JP 2005175393A JP 2005175393 A JP2005175393 A JP 2005175393A JP 2006352466 A JP2006352466 A JP 2006352466A
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light receiving
receiving element
wavelength
sensitivity
imaging apparatus
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Kazufumi Nakayama
收文 中山
Morihito Shiobara
守人 塩原
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image sensing device optimizing an overall resolution to lights having different wavelengths and a light-receiving sensibility. <P>SOLUTION: Photo-detector groups for visible rays are arranged in a square lattice shape, and the photo-detector groups for near infrared rays are arranged in the square lattice shape in a face centered relationship to lattice points for photo-detectors for visible rays. In the photo-detectors for visible rays, each photo-detector for a red R, a green G and a blue B constitutes a Bayar arrangement. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は異なる波長の光を同時に受光する撮像装置に関し、特に、異なる波長の光に対する解像度を考慮した総合的な解像度、および受光感度を最適化する撮像装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus that simultaneously receives light of different wavelengths, and more particularly to an imaging apparatus that optimizes overall resolution and light reception sensitivity in consideration of resolution for light of different wavelengths.

一つのＣＣＤ、あるいはＣＭＯＳ固体撮像装置で異なる波長の映像を同時に撮影する装置が開示されている。（特許文献１、特許文献２参照）。
特開平５−１０３３３０号公報 特開２００４−１８６７９２号公報 特許文献１に記載の方法では、図５に示すカラー固体撮像素子の従来例のごとく、カラー用として、補色系のマゼンダＭｇ、シアンＣｙ、イエローＹｅ、白黒用としてＧの４つの受光素子を配置することで、カラー映像と白黒映像とを同時に撮影する。特許文献２に記載の方法では、図６に示す撮像素子を構成するフィルタアレイの従来例のごとく、可視光用として、赤Ｒ用、青Ｂ用、緑Ｇ用の受光素子を奇数（Ｏ）ラインに水平に並べ、近赤外光ＩＲ用の受光素子を偶数ライン（Ｅ）に並べることで、インターレース走査で、各フィールド映像にカラー映像と近赤外線映像とを得る装置が提案されている。 An apparatus that simultaneously captures images of different wavelengths with a single CCD or CMOS solid-state imaging device is disclosed. (See Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
JP-A-5-103330 In the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-186792, as in the conventional example of the color solid-state imaging device shown in FIG. 5, complementary colors of magenta Mg, cyan Cy, yellow Ye, and black and white are used for color. By arranging the four light receiving elements, color images and black and white images are simultaneously shot. In the method described in Patent Document 2, as in the conventional example of the filter array constituting the image sensor shown in FIG. 6, the light receiving elements for red R, blue B, and green G are odd (O) for visible light. There has been proposed an apparatus that obtains a color image and a near-infrared image for each field image by interlaced scanning by arranging the light receiving elements for near-infrared light IR in even-numbered lines (E).

特許文献１に記載のカラー固体撮像装置では、図５に示すごとく、白黒用の受光素子の配列が疎らであるため、素子の一部を白黒用に割り当てる前の元の素子構成でのカラー撮影装置に比べて、白黒映像の解像度が辺々１／２に低下する。また、カラー用の受光素子についても、カラー用の受光素子の標準的な配置、すなわち１つの行にＧ用、Ｂ用の受光素子、他の行にＲ用、Ｇ用の受光素子を並べるベイヤー配置を構成できないため、元のカラー撮影装置に対して解像度が辺々１／２に低下する。   In the color solid-state imaging device described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 5, since the arrangement of light receiving elements for black and white is sparse, color photographing with the original element configuration before assigning a part of the elements to black and white Compared with the device, the resolution of the black and white video is reduced by half. As for the color light receiving elements, the standard arrangement of the color light receiving elements, that is, the Bayer in which G light receiving elements for B and B light receiving elements are arranged in one row, and the light receiving elements for R and G are arranged in the other row. Since the arrangement cannot be configured, the resolution is reduced by half with respect to the original color photographing apparatus.

また、特許文献１に記載のカラー固体撮像装置では、各波長の受光素子の、感度対面積について考慮がなされていないため、異なる波長の光に対する受光感度の違いを是正するためには、総合的な感度を、最も感度の低い波長の受光素子に合わせることになり、効率が悪い。   In the color solid-state imaging device described in Patent Document 1, since sensitivity vs. area of the light receiving element of each wavelength is not considered, in order to correct the difference in light receiving sensitivity with respect to light of different wavelengths, The sensitivity is adjusted to the light receiving element having the lowest sensitivity, and the efficiency is poor.

特許文献２に記載の撮像素子では、近赤外用の映像が元の単一波長用の素子構成を取る映像に比べて、（横解像度の低下はないが）縦解像度は１／２となる。また、カラー映像については、撮影用のＲ、Ｂ、Ｇの３原色のカラーフィルターの配置がベイヤー配置を形成できず、同じ画素数のカラー撮影装置に比べて、横解像度１／３、縦解像度１／２と、異なる波長の光に対する解像度を考慮した総合的な解像度が低下する。   In the imaging device described in Patent Document 2, the vertical resolution is ½ (although there is no decrease in the horizontal resolution) compared to the image in which the near-infrared image has the original single-wavelength element configuration. In addition, for color images, the arrangement of color filters for the three primary colors R, B, and G for photographing cannot form a Bayer arrangement, and the horizontal resolution is 1/3 and the vertical resolution compared to a color photographing apparatus having the same number of pixels. The overall resolution considering the resolution with respect to light of different wavelengths is reduced to 1/2.

また、特許文献２に記載の撮像素子では、特許文献１に記載の装置と同様に、各波長の受光素子の、感度対面積について考慮がなされていない。   In addition, in the image sensor described in Patent Document 2, as in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, consideration is not given to sensitivity versus area of the light receiving element of each wavelength.

以上説明したごとく、従来技術では、それぞれの波長域で得られる映像の解像度が不均一であり、結果的に、異なる波長の光に対する解像度を考慮した総合的な映像の解像度は、解像度の最も低い波長域の解像度となってしまう。また、各波長の受光素子の、感度対面積について考慮がなされていない。   As described above, in the prior art, the resolution of the image obtained in each wavelength range is non-uniform, and as a result, the overall image resolution considering the resolution for light of different wavelengths is the lowest resolution. The resolution will be in the wavelength range. In addition, no consideration is given to sensitivity versus area of the light-receiving element of each wavelength.

本発明は、異なる波長の光に対する総合的な解像度、および受光感度を最適化する撮像装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide an imaging apparatus that optimizes the overall resolution and light receiving sensitivity for light of different wavelengths.

第一の発明は、異なる波長域の光を同時に受光する撮像装置であって、一方の波長域用の受光素子群を正方格子状に配置し、他方の波長域用の受光素子群を、一方の波長域用の受光素子の格子点に対して面心関係となる正方格子状に配置することを特徴とする。   The first invention is an imaging device that simultaneously receives light in different wavelength ranges, wherein the light receiving element groups for one wavelength range are arranged in a square lattice, and the light receiving element groups for the other wavelength range are It is characterized by being arranged in the form of a square lattice having a face-center relationship with respect to the lattice points of the light receiving element for the wavelength region.

第二の発明は、第一の発明に記載の撮像装置であって、２つの波長域の各受光素子の面積を、受光感度の低い波長域の受光素子は、受光感度の高い波長域の受光素子よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする。   A second aspect of the invention is the imaging device according to the first aspect of the invention, in which the area of each light receiving element in the two wavelength ranges is the same, and the light receiving element in the wavelength range with a low light receiving sensitivity is a light receiving element in the wavelength range with a high light receiving sensitivity. It is characterized by being larger than the element.

第三の発明は、第一の発明に記載の撮像装置であって、一方の波長域は可視光であって、当該波長域の受光素子は、赤Ｒ用、緑Ｇ用、青Ｂ用の各受光素子がベイヤー配置を構成することを特徴とする。   3rd invention is an imaging device as described in 1st invention, Comprising: One wavelength range is visible light, The light receiving element of the said wavelength range is for red R, green G, and blue B Each light receiving element constitutes a Bayer arrangement.

第四の発明は、第三の発明に記載の撮像装置であって、２つの波長域の各受光素子の面積を、受光感度の低い波長域の受光素子は、受光感度の高い波長域の受光素子よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする。   A fourth invention is the imaging device according to the third invention, wherein the area of each light receiving element in the two wavelength regions is the same as the light receiving element in the wavelength region having a low light receiving sensitivity. It is characterized by being larger than the element.

第五の発明は、第一の発明、乃至第四の発明に記載の撮像装置であって、各受光素子の表面にマイクロレンズを有することを特徴とする。   A fifth invention is the imaging device according to the first invention to the fourth invention, characterized by having a microlens on the surface of each light receiving element.

本発明により、異なる波長の光に対する総合的な解像度、および受光感度を最適化する撮像装置を提供することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an imaging apparatus that optimizes the overall resolution and light receiving sensitivity for light of different wavelengths.

図１に本発明による、波長Ｗ１用と波長Ｗ２用の受光素子の配置例を示す。図１においては、波長Ｗ１用の受光素子群を、４５度傾けた正方格子状配置とし、波長Ｗ１用と異なる波長Ｗ２用の受光素子群を、波長Ｗ１用の受光素子の格子点に対して面心関係、すなわち、波長Ｗ１用の４受光素子が囲む面の中心に、Ｗ２用の受光素子を正方格子状に配置する。   FIG. 1 shows an arrangement example of light receiving elements for wavelength W1 and wavelength W2 according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the light receiving element group for the wavelength W1 is arranged in a square lattice inclined by 45 degrees, and the light receiving element group for the wavelength W2 different from that for the wavelength W1 is arranged with respect to the lattice point of the light receiving element for the wavelength W1. The light receiving elements for W2 are arranged in a square lattice shape at the center of the surface that is surrounded by the four light receiving elements for wavelength W1.

これにより、各波長域の解像度が等しく、したがって総合的な解像度を最大とすることが可能となる。   As a result, the resolution in each wavelength region is equal, so that the overall resolution can be maximized.

なお、図１に示す実施の形態では、水平ラスタースキャンを考慮して、受光素子を４５度傾けた正方格子状配置としたが、正方格子の角度は任意であってもよい。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in consideration of horizontal raster scanning, the light receiving elements are arranged in a square lattice shape inclined by 45 degrees, but the angle of the square lattice may be arbitrary.

図２は、受光素子の感度差に合わせて各受光素子の面積を変えた、本発明の実施例１を示す。実施例１においては、図１に示す位置関係で波長Ｗ１用と波長Ｗ２用の受光素子を配置し、さらに、受光素子の感度差に合わせて、各波長域の受光素子の面積を変えた例を示す。図２の例は、波長Ｗ１用の受光素子の感度＞波長Ｗ２用の受光素子の感度の例を示す。   FIG. 2 shows Example 1 of the present invention in which the area of each light receiving element is changed in accordance with the sensitivity difference of the light receiving elements. In the first embodiment, the light receiving elements for the wavelength W1 and the wavelength W2 are arranged according to the positional relationship shown in FIG. 1, and the area of the light receiving element in each wavelength region is changed according to the sensitivity difference of the light receiving elements. Indicates. The example of FIG. 2 shows an example of sensitivity of the light receiving element for wavelength W1> sensitivity of the light receiving element for wavelength W2.

これにより、受光素子レベルで受光感度の最適化が可能となり、後段の増幅器による感度調整と比較し、ノイズを低く抑えることが可能となる。   As a result, it is possible to optimize the light receiving sensitivity at the light receiving element level, and it is possible to suppress the noise as compared with the sensitivity adjustment by the subsequent amplifier.

図３は、図１における波長Ｗ１を可視光とし、さらにＲ用、Ｇ用、Ｂ用の受光素子をベイヤー配置とした、本発明の実施例２を示す。   FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention in which the wavelength W1 in FIG. 1 is visible light, and the light receiving elements for R, G, and B are arranged in a Bayer arrangement.

図４は、可視光と波長Ｗ２の近赤外光における受光素子の感度差に合わせて各受光素子の面積を変えた実施例３を示す。実施例３においては、可視光用の受光素子の感度＞波長Ｗ２用の受光素子の感度の例を示す。   FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment in which the area of each light receiving element is changed in accordance with the sensitivity difference between the light receiving elements in visible light and near-infrared light having a wavelength W2. In Example 3, the sensitivity of the light receiving element for visible light> the sensitivity of the light receiving element for wavelength W2 is shown.

（付記１）
異なる波長域の光を同時に受光する撮像装置であって、一方の波長域用の受光素子群を正方格子状に配置し、他方の波長域用の受光素子群を、一方の波長域用の受光素子の格子点に対して面心関係となる正方格子状に配置することを特徴とする撮像装置。
（付記２）
付記１に記載の撮像装置であって、２つの波長域の各受光素子の面積を、受光感度の低い波長域の受光素子は、受光感度の高い波長域の受光素子よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
（付記３）
付記１に記載の撮像装置であって、一方の波長域は可視光であって、当該波長域の受光素子は、赤Ｒ用、緑Ｇ用、青Ｂ用の各受光素子がベイヤー配置を構成することを特徴とする撮像装置。
（付記４）
付記３に記載の撮像装置であって、２つの波長域の各受光素子の面積を、受光感度の低い波長域の受光素子は、受光感度の高い波長域の受光素子よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
（付記５）
付記１、乃至付記４に記載の撮像装置であって、各受光素子の表面にマイクロレンズを有することを特徴とする撮像装置。
（付記６）
付記１、または付記２に記載の撮像装置であって、一方の波長域は可視光輝度信号であることを特徴とする撮像装置。
（付記７）
付記６に記載の撮像装置であって、他方の波長域は近赤外光であることを特徴とする撮像装置。 (Appendix 1)
An imaging device that simultaneously receives light in different wavelength ranges, in which light receiving element groups for one wavelength range are arranged in a square lattice pattern, and the light receiving element group for the other wavelength range is received for one wavelength range. An imaging device, wherein the imaging device is arranged in a square lattice shape having a face-center relationship with respect to a lattice point of an element.
(Appendix 2)
The imaging apparatus according to appendix 1, wherein the area of each light receiving element in the two wavelength ranges is larger in the light receiving element in the wavelength range having a low light receiving sensitivity than the light receiving element in the wavelength range having a high light receiving sensitivity. An imaging device.
(Appendix 3)
The imaging apparatus according to attachment 1, wherein one wavelength region is visible light, and the light receiving elements in the wavelength region are configured to have a Bayer arrangement with light receiving elements for red R, green G, and blue B An imaging apparatus characterized by:
(Appendix 4)
The imaging apparatus according to attachment 3, wherein the area of each light receiving element in the two wavelength regions is larger in the light receiving element in the wavelength region having a low light receiving sensitivity than the light receiving element in the wavelength region having a high light receiving sensitivity. An imaging device.
(Appendix 5)
The imaging apparatus according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 4, wherein a microlens is provided on a surface of each light receiving element.
(Appendix 6)
The imaging apparatus according to appendix 1 or appendix 2, wherein one wavelength region is a visible light luminance signal.
(Appendix 7)
The imaging apparatus according to appendix 6, wherein the other wavelength region is near infrared light.

波長Ｗ１用と波長Ｗ２用の受光素子配置例Example of arrangement of light receiving elements for wavelength W1 and wavelength W2 実施例１Example 1 実施例２Example 2 実施例３Example 3 カラー固体撮像素子の従来例Conventional example of color solid-state image sensor 撮像素子を構成するフィルタアレイの従来例Conventional example of filter array constituting image sensor

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ｒ 赤色用の受光素子
Ｇ 緑色用の受光素子
Ｂ 青色用の受光素子
Ｗ１ 波長Ｗ１用の受光素子
Ｗ２ 波長Ｗ２用の受光素子 R Light receiving element G for red Light receiving element B for green Light receiving element W1 for blue Light receiving element W2 for wavelength W1 Light receiving element for wavelength W2

Claims (5)

異なる波長域の光を同時に受光する撮像装置であって、
一方の波長域用の受光素子群を正方格子状に配置し、他方の波長域用の受光素子群を、一方の波長域用の受光素子の格子点に対して面心関係となる正方格子状に配置することを特徴とする撮像装置。 An imaging device that simultaneously receives light in different wavelength ranges,
The light receiving element group for one wavelength region is arranged in a square lattice shape, and the light receiving element group for the other wavelength region is arranged in a square lattice shape that is face-centered with respect to the lattice point of the light receiving element for one wavelength region. An imaging device characterized by being arranged in a space. 請求項１に記載の撮像装置であって、
２つの波長域の各受光素子の面積を、受光感度の低い波長域の受光素子は、受光感度の高い波長域の受光素子よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする撮像装置。 The imaging apparatus according to claim 1,
An imaging apparatus, wherein the area of each light receiving element in two wavelength ranges is larger in a light receiving element in a wavelength range having a low light receiving sensitivity than in a light receiving element in a wavelength range having a high light receiving sensitivity. 請求項１に記載の撮像装置であって、
一方の波長域は可視光であって、当該波長域の受光素子は、赤Ｒ用、緑Ｇ用、青Ｂ用の各受光素子がベイヤー配置を構成することを特徴とする撮像装置。 The imaging apparatus according to claim 1,
An imaging apparatus, wherein one wavelength region is visible light, and light receiving elements in the wavelength region are configured to have a Bayer arrangement with light receiving elements for red R, green G, and blue B. 請求項３に記載の撮像装置であって、
２つの波長域の各受光素子の面積を、受光感度の低い波長域の受光素子は、受光感度の高い波長域の受光素子よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする撮像装置。 The imaging apparatus according to claim 3,
An imaging apparatus, wherein the area of each light receiving element in two wavelength ranges is larger in a light receiving element in a wavelength range having a low light receiving sensitivity than in a light receiving element in a wavelength range having a high light receiving sensitivity. 請求項１、乃至請求項４に記載の撮像装置であって、
各受光素子の表面にマイクロレンズを有することを特徴とする撮像装置。 The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
An image pickup apparatus having a microlens on the surface of each light receiving element.
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