JP2006340428A - Eddy current type reduction gear - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an eddy current type reduction gear in which a switching force and a thrust load to a rotating shaft can be reduced during switching operation and brake operation. <P>SOLUTION: The eddy current type reduction gear comprises a brake member coupled with the rotating shaft, a permanent magnet arranged such that a pole face opposes the brake surface of the brake member during brake operation and an eddy current is induced in the brake member, a holding member secured to a nonrotating portion and holding the permanent magnet, and a mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between a braking time and a non-braking time wherein the acting portion of the brake member principally comprises a nonmagnetic material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an eddy current reduction device using a permanent magnet.

  In braking devices for automobiles such as trucks and buses, in addition to the foot brake as the main brake and the exhaust brake as the auxiliary brake, stable deceleration is performed on long downhill slopes, etc., and the brakes are prevented from burning. In order to do this, an eddy current type speed reducer is used.

  As an eddy current type speed reducer, there are a disc type using a disc-like brake disc and a drum type using a cylindrical brake drum as a braking member. As a disk type eddy current type speed reducer, there is one disclosed in JP-A-1-298947. On the other hand, there are drum type eddy current type speed reducers disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 1-2298948 and 1-234043. In these devices, a ferromagnetic material is used as a braking member.

JP-A-1-298947 JP-A-1-298948 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-234043

  In the eddy current type speed reducer, a force required for switching between braking (braking state) and non-braking (non-braking state) (hereinafter referred to as switching force) is reduced, and the rotating shaft is applied at that time. Reduction of the applied thrust load is one of the major issues. In addition, in an eddy current type reduction gear, it is important to reduce the size and weight of the device.

  If the attraction force of the braking member by the permanent magnet at the time of braking can be reduced, the switching force and the thrust load on the rotating shaft at the time of switching or braking can be reduced. Further, if the switching force is small, the mechanism (such as an air cylinder) for driving the permanent magnet can be reduced in size, and the reduction gear as a whole can be reduced in size and weight.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an eddy current type speed reducer capable of reducing the thrust load on the rotating shaft during switching and braking and reducing the switching force. And

In order to achieve the above object, an eddy current type speed reducer according to the present invention includes a braking member connected to a rotating shaft, and a magnetic pole surface faces the braking surface of the braking member during braking so that an eddy current is applied to the braking member. A permanent magnet arranged to be generated, a holding member fixed to a non-rotating portion and holding the permanent magnet, and a switching mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking. The action part is provided with a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material.
By using a non-magnetic material or a weak magnetic material for the action part of the braking member, it is possible to suppress the attracting force to the braking member by the permanent magnet at the time of braking, and to hardly cause it. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the switching force, and further, the thrust load acting on the rotating shaft during switching and braking.

Here, the “rotating shaft” is not limited to the one connected to the engine, and can be installed anywhere as long as it is a rotating shaft such as an automobile or a railway vehicle. For example, it can be installed on a wheel shaft that is not a moving wheel. The “engine” is a general engine, a power engine such as an electric motor of a railway vehicle, etc., and can be considered as a concept including a transmission such as a transmission, a reduction gear, and the like. For example, in the case of a drive shaft connected to an automobile engine via a transmission, the transmission can be considered as an engine and the drive shaft as a rotating shaft.
The “non-rotating portion” is a portion that is relatively fixed in a vehicle or the like, for example, a portion such as a chassis or body of an automobile or a bogie of a railway vehicle.

  The “acting part of the braking member” refers to a region mainly related to the generation of eddy currents caused by the magnetic force and the generation of braking force, and the “braking surface” refers to the eddy currents generated by the magnetic force. In particular, it means a curved surface or a plane including a region to be processed. “Opposite” means a state where planes face each other or a state where curved surfaces face each other.

  The “nonmagnetic material” in the present invention refers to a material that is not magnetized even when magnetized, and examples thereof include aluminum, copper and their alloys, and austenitic stainless steel. Aluminum, copper, and the like are particularly preferable materials because of their excellent electrical conductivity (conductivity) and good braking characteristics. Further, aluminum is preferable in terms of weight reduction, and copper and its alloys are preferable in terms of cooling performance and good thermal conductivity. In addition, austenitic stainless steel has an advantage of excellent corrosion resistance.

  The “weak magnetic material” in the present invention is a material that is weakly magnetized when magnetized, and is not as ferromagnetic as iron, for example, a relative permeability of about 10 to 70 when the magnetic field strength is 10,000 A / m. Means things. Examples of the “weak magnetic material” in the present invention include ferritic stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steel is a preferable material because the relative magnetic permeability can be appropriately controlled by adjusting the degree of precipitation of the austenite phase and martensite phase.

  Furthermore, as the “weak magnetic material” in the present invention, a non-magnetic material obtained by mixing a powder of ferromagnetic material such as iron, particles, small pieces, etc. and appropriately dispersing it can be used. By using such a material, the relative magnetic permeability can be adjusted moderately, which is useful for designing a braking member.

  The eddy current type speed reducer according to the present invention can be applied to a disk type and a drum type. In particular, in the disk-type device, the attractive force of the braking member by the permanent magnet during braking directly affects the thrust load on the rotating shaft, so that the effect is exhibited by reducing the disk-type thrust load.

  As a switching mechanism that switches the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking, for example, a driving mechanism that drives the holding member to move the permanent magnet in a direction approaching and leaving the braking member can be employed.

  Another eddy current type speed reducer according to the present invention is arranged such that a braking member connected to a rotating shaft and a magnetic pole surface faces the braking surface of the braking member during braking and an eddy current is generated in the braking member. A permanent magnet, a holding member fixed to the non-rotating portion and holding the permanent magnet, and a switching mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking, the braking member comprising a non-magnetic material or It has a first layer made of a weak magnetic material and a second layer made of a ferromagnetic material.

  That is, the braking member is made of a ferromagnetic material on the opposite side of the first layer as viewed from the permanent magnet side, in addition to the first layer made of a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material that faces the permanent magnet and generates a main braking torque. A second layer may be provided. By providing the second layer of the ferromagnetic material, it is possible to form a magnetic circuit that reliably allows the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet to penetrate the first layer. By doing so, it is possible to effectively utilize the force acting as the braking torque generated in the first layer of the nonmagnetic material or the weak magnetic material. Further, the switching force or the thrust load can be reduced by combining the thicknesses of the first layer made of a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material and the thickness of the second layer made of a ferromagnetic material.

  For example, the first layer and the second layer may be mechanically coupled and fastened with a bolt or the like in a state of being in close contact with each other. The first layer and the second layer may be a film. For example, a film made of copper or the like made of plating or the like may be used as the first layer. As the second layer, a film made of nickel or the like may be used. By using the film, various configurations of the first layer and the second layer are possible, and various manufacturing processes are possible.

  You may use the clad steel plate provided with a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material, and a ferromagnetic material as a 1st layer and a 2nd layer. For example, aluminum, copper, or an alloy thereof, a hot-rolled steel plate or a cold-rolled steel plate, preferably a steel plate excellent in heat resistance or a martensitic stainless clad steel plate may be used. Further, a clad steel plate composed of a first layer of austenite phase (nonmagnetic phase) and a second layer of martensite phase (ferromagnetic phase) may be used. This clad steel plate can be manufactured by cold working only one side of an austenitic stainless steel metal plate to induce a martensite phase. By using clad steel plates, it is expected that non-magnetic and ferromagnetic materials will be bonded better, durability will be improved, and braking characteristics will be improved.

  A braking member having a first layer made of a non-magnetic material or a weak magnetic material and a second layer made of a ferromagnetic material can be applied to a disk type and a drum type. When applied to a disk type device, for example, a first disk made of a non-magnetic material or a weak magnetic material and a second disk made of a ferromagnetic material may be coupled to form a disc-shaped braking disk.

  In the eddy current type speed reducer of the present invention, it is preferable that the permanent magnet has 20 poles or more. By setting the permanent magnet to have 20 or more poles, it is possible to improve the braking torque and reduce the switching force. “Pole” is the number of N or S poles in the permanent magnet arrangement during braking. When a plurality of magnets can be regarded as a single N pole (or S pole), it is considered as one pole. For example, a group of magnets (groups) that are composed of two or more magnet arrays as in a double-row system, and the adjacent magnets in the magnet array function as an integral magnet when aligned with the N or S poles during braking. However, it can be considered that the magnet group (set) constitutes one pole.

The permanent magnets can be arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the holding member. This “equal interval” means that when the same portions of adjacent magnets are viewed, the lengths of the same portions in the circumferential direction are equal. Alternatively, it can be said that the permanent magnets are arranged at a constant pitch along the circumference of the holding member. A plurality of poles of the permanent magnet may be provided, and the permanent magnet may be arranged in a plurality of layers in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the holding member.

The configuration of the eddy current type speed reducer of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of a disk-type eddy current reduction device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a state during braking, and FIG. 2 shows a state during non-braking.

  In the eddy current type speed reducer of this embodiment, a permanent magnet 7 is fixed on a holding ring 4 made of an annular ferromagnetic material facing a disc-shaped braking disk 2 attached to a rotary shaft 1. The magnetic pole surface (N-polar surface or S-polar surface) of the permanent magnet 7 is disposed so as to face the braking surface of the braking disk 2. The retaining ring 4 to which the permanent magnet 7 is fixed is housed in a casing 3 made of a non-magnetic material, and can be moved back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the braking surface of the braking disk 2 by the piston 6 of the air cylinder 5, that is, It is configured to be movable in a direction toward and away from the braking disk 2. The casing 3 is supported by a non-rotating part such as a vehicle. As the casing cover 3a, austenitic stainless steel, resin, aluminum alloy or the like may be used.

  The brake disk 2 is made of, for example, a nonmagnetic material such as aluminum, copper, or brass, a weak magnetic material such as ferritic stainless steel, or a material in which iron is dispersed in aluminum.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Twenty (pole) permanent magnets 7 are arranged on the surface of the retaining ring 4 facing the brake disk 2 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with the magnetic pole surface (N pole surface or S pole surface) facing upward. It is fixed. Adjacent permanent magnets are arranged such that the upper magnetic poles (polarities) are opposite to each other. That is, it arrange | positions so that it may become N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, ....

  In consideration of braking force and switching force (thrust load), the number of poles of the permanent magnet 7 on the retaining ring 4 is preferably 20 or more, more preferably 30 to 60, and even more preferably 40 to 60. In the case of 40 to 60 poles, the braking force can be increased and the switching force (thrust load) can be reduced. Depending on the situation, the permanent magnets 7 may be arranged at unequal intervals instead of at equal intervals.

  The shape of the permanent magnet 7 may be designed in consideration of the required braking force, switching force during braking and non-braking, and the like.

As the weak magnetic material, as described above, a nonmagnetic material such as aluminum or a material obtained by dispersing ferromagnetic powder such as nickel using a weak magnetic material as a base material can be used. What is necessary is just to mix nickel powder with aluminum, for example, when casting a brake disc. The size, shape, and density of the nickel powder may be determined in consideration of braking force, thrust load, and the like.
The brake disk made of weak magnetic material is magnetized by a permanent magnet, although it has the characteristics of the non-magnetic material described above, and is useful for designing braking force and thrust load optimization. .

  Next, based on FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, operation | movement of the eddy current type reduction gear of a present Example is demonstrated. A switching mechanism for braking and non-braking of the permanent magnet 7 is composed of an air cylinder 5 and a piston 6. During braking, the retaining ring 4 is moved toward the brake disk 2 by the piston 6 as shown by the arrow in FIG. 1, and the permanent magnet 7 is brought closer to the brake disk 2.

In this approaching state (during braking), the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 7 penetrates the braking disk 2. When the brake disk 2 is a nonmagnetic material, no force acts on the brake disk 2 unless the brake disk 2 is rotating. Even if the brake disk 2 is non-magnetic, when the brake disk 2 is rotating (moving), the brake disk 2 crosses the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 7, thereby causing an induced current (eddy current) in the brake disk 2. Flows and a braking force (braking torque) is generated.
The same applies when the brake disk 2 is a weak magnetic material. If the brake disc 2 is not rotating, almost no force is applied to the brake disc 2, and when the brake disc 2 is rotating (moving), a braking force (braking torque) is generated.

  When the brake disk 2 is a ferromagnetic material, the brake disk 2 is magnetized even if the brake disk 2 is not rotating, so that an attractive force acts between the brake disk 2 and the permanent magnet. The non-magnetic and weak magnetic brake disk 2 is clearly different from the ferromagnetic brake disk 2 in that an interaction with the permanent magnet occurs only when it is rotating.

  During non-braking, the operation of the air cylinder 5 is switched, and the holding ring 4 is moved away from the brake disk 2 by the piston 6 as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2, and the permanent magnet 7 is moved away from the brake disk 2. The magnetic flux exerted on the brake disk 2 is very small.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the holding ring 4 is moved by an air cylinder. However, the apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this, and the holding ring 4 is driven by another driving device. May be.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a disk-type eddy current reduction device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a state during braking. Since the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  The brake disk 2 is mechanically fastened by a bolt 2c in a state where the nonmagnetic disk 2a and the ferromagnetic disk 2b are in close contact with each other. A nonmagnetic disk 2a is arranged on the permanent magnet 7 side. With this configuration, during braking, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet 7 stably (perpendicularly) penetrates the nonmagnetic braking disk 2a due to the presence of the ferromagnetic disk 2b.

  Instead of the nonmagnetic disk 2a, a weak magnetic disk 2a may be used. Examples of non-magnetic materials include aluminum, copper, and brass. Examples of weak magnetic materials include ferritic stainless steel and materials obtained by dispersing iron in aluminum. Examples of ferromagnetic materials include iron (SS400 and higher heat resistance). Alloy steel such as chromium molybdenum steel) may be used.

  Instead of the non-magnetic disk, the weak magnetic disk 2a, and the ferromagnetic disk 2b, each may be formed of a coating such as a plating. For example, a coating such as copper plating can be used as the nonmagnetic disk 2a and nickel plating can be used as the ferromagnetic disk 2b. These films can be designed with an optimum switching force by controlling the film thickness.

  A clad steel plate may be used as the nonmagnetic disk, the weak magnetic disk 2a, and the ferromagnetic disk 2b. For example, aluminum, copper, or an alloy thereof, SS400 (steel), martensitic stainless clad steel plate, stainless steel having two layers of austenite and martensite may be used.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a simulation result of the relationship between the rotational force of the disk and the force acting between the disk and the permanent magnet in the eddy current type speed reducer. In this simulation, the 60-pole permanent magnet arrangement of the disk type (Al: 3 mm, SS400: 15 mm) of FIG. 3, the 40-pole permanent magnet arrangement of the disk type (Al: 18 mm) of FIG. 1, the disk type (SS400: 18 mm) 40 pole permanent magnet arrangement and the disk type (SS400: 18 mm) 16 pole permanent magnet arrangement of FIG. In the drawing, + (plus) indicates a force (attraction force) from the braking disk toward the permanent magnet, and-(minus) indicates a force in the opposite direction (repulsion force).

  As can be seen from FIG. 5, the force acting between the brake disk and the permanent magnet is relatively small when the number of poles of the permanent magnet is large. Since the switching force from braking (ON) to non-braking (OFF) is performed against these forces, a force equal to these forces is required. That is, the switching force from braking (ON) to non-braking (OFF) becomes relatively smaller as the number of poles of the permanent magnet is larger.

  In the case of an aluminum brake disc, force (repulsive force) works as the rotational speed increases. Also, as the rotational speed decreases, the force (repulsive force) stops working. On the other hand, a braking disk made of SS400 (steel) suddenly exerts a force (suction force) as the rotational speed decreases.

  Since the eddy current type speed reducer is normally operated while the rotating shaft (braking disk) is rotating, the rotational speed is high at the start of the operation, and the rotational speed is decreased at the end of the operation. The brake disc made of SS400 (steel) requires a very high switching force at the end of operation due to the decreasing rotational speed. On the other hand, it can be seen that an aluminum braking disk requires only a very small switching force. That is, by using a nonmagnetic or weakly magnetic braking disk, the switching force from braking (ON) to non-braking (OFF) can be reduced.

  By using a braking disk that combines a non-magnetic material and a ferromagnetic material, the working force can be reduced, and furthermore, the working force between the disk and the permanent magnet at a certain rotational speed can be reduced to zero. I understand. The number of rotations at which the force acting between the disk and the permanent magnet is 0 (zero) depends on the combination of the material and thickness of the nonmagnetic material and the ferromagnetic material, and the number of poles of the permanent magnet. When a two-layer braking disk of aluminum and SS400 was used and the permanent magnet had 60 poles, the force (switching force) acting between the disk and the permanent magnet at a rotational speed of 1500 rpm was almost 0 (zero).

  In this way, by using a braking member that combines a non-magnetic material or weak magnetic material and a ferromagnetic material, and further considering the number of poles of the permanent magnet, the switching force from braking (ON) to non-braking (OFF) In addition, both the switching force from non-braking (OFF) to braking (ON) can be suppressed within a predetermined range, and the optimum switching force and braking torque can be designed.

When a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material is used as the braking member, the braking force (braking torque) tends to be smaller than when a ferromagnetic material is used.
In the eddy current type speed reducer according to the present invention, it was further confirmed that the braking force (braking torque) can be improved by combining with the multipolarization of the permanent magnet.

FIG. 6A is a simulation result of the relationship between the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and the braking force in the disk-type eddy current reduction device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6B shows the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet. It is a simulation result about the relationship of the force (switching force (thrust load)) which acts between a disk and a permanent magnet. The brake disc is aluminum A1100 (conductivity: 3.67 × 10 ⁷ S / m), thickness 10 mm. The rotation speed of the brake disc is 1500rpm. The simulation was performed with the amount of permanent magnet used per apparatus being constant.

  The braking force ratio in FIG. 6A is standardized by setting the braking force (braking torque) obtained when the permanent magnet has 16 poles as “1”. The repulsive force ratio in FIG. 6 (b) is normalized by assuming that the force (repulsive force) acting between the disk and the permanent magnet when the permanent magnet has 16 poles is “1”.

  As can be seen from FIG. 6A, the braking force (braking torque) can be improved by increasing the number of permanent magnets 7. By improving the braking force, for example, the amount of permanent magnets used to obtain a braking force equivalent to the conventional one can be reduced. As a result, the entire apparatus can be reduced in weight.

  As can be seen from FIG. 6B, the force acting between the disk and the permanent magnet can be reduced by making the permanent magnet 7 multipolar. As a result, since the switching force is small, the air cylinder or the like, which is the drive mechanism of the permanent magnet 7, can be reduced in size, and the entire apparatus can be reduced in size and weight.

  As can be seen from FIG. 6 (a) and FIG. 6 (b), in consideration of braking force and switching force (thrust load), 20 poles or more are preferable, 30 poles to 70 poles are more preferable, and 40 poles to 60 poles are preferable. Further preferred. In the case of 40 poles to 60 poles, the braking force can be increased and the switching force (thrust load) can be reduced. When importance is attached to switching force, 50 to 70 poles are preferable.

  Further, the multi-polarization of the permanent magnets 7 makes the individual permanent magnets 7 smaller and facilitates the work of fixing the permanent magnets 7 to the holding ring 4. That is, since the weight of each permanent magnet 7 is reduced, the permanent magnet 7 can be fixed with an adhesive or the like.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a drum type eddy current type speed reducer according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a state during braking. The eddy current type speed reducer of the present embodiment applies a braking force by making the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet 7 face the braking drum 11 attached to the rotating shaft 15 via the support member 16 and the attachment disk 17 and the like. Is generated. Then, the holding ring 4 to which the permanent magnet 7 is attached is moved in a direction toward and away from the inner peripheral surface of the braking drum 11 to switch between braking and non-braking.

  The permanent magnet 7 is fixed on the holding ring 4 with an adhesive or the like in a ring shape so that the polarities of adjacent permanent magnets are opposite to each other. The number of poles of the permanent magnet 7 is, for example, 24 poles.

  The outer cylinder 11a, which is a portion including the braking surface of the braking drum 11, is made of, for example, a nonmagnetic material such as aluminum, copper, or brass, a weak magnetic material of ferritic stainless steel, or a material in which iron is dispersed in aluminum. In this embodiment, the brake drum 11 is configured by connecting an outer cylinder 11a and an inner cylinder 11b with an arm 11c, and a cooling fin 11e is attached to the outer cylinder 11a.

  The casing 14 in which the permanent magnet 7 and the retaining ring 4 are housed is composed of, for example, a casing cover 14a made of nonmagnetic material, a casing outer cylinder 14b made of ferromagnetic material, and a casing inner cylinder 14c. As the casing cover 14a, austenitic stainless steel, resin, aluminum alloy or the like may be used.

  In the apparatus of this embodiment, when the permanent magnet 7 is brought close to the braking surface (inner peripheral surface) of the braking drum 11 by the air cylinder 18, a magnetic flux acts on the rotating braking surface, and an eddy current is generated to generate a braking force (braking) Torque). On the other hand, when the permanent magnet 7 is moved away from the braking drum 11 by the air cylinder 18, the braking force is not generated.

  The non-magnetic and weak magnetic brake drum 11 is clearly different from the ferromagnetic brake drum 11 in that an interaction with the permanent magnet occurs only when it is rotating.

As mentioned above, although the Example (embodiment, embodiment) of this invention was described, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.

It is a typical sectional view showing the composition of the eddy current type reduction gear concerning the 1st example of the present invention, and shows the state at the time of braking. It is a typical sectional view showing the composition of the eddy current type reduction gear concerning the 1st example of the present invention, and shows the state at the time of non-braking. It is explanatory drawing (plan view) which shows arrangement | positioning of the permanent magnet which concerns on the 1st Example of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the structure of the eddy current type deceleration device which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention, and shows the state at the time of braking. It is a figure which shows the simulation result of the relationship between the rotation speed of the disc of the force which acts between the disc and a permanent magnet in an eddy current type reduction gear. FIG. 6A is a simulation result on the relationship between the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and the braking force in the disk-type eddy current reduction device of FIG. FIG. 6B is a simulation result on the relationship between the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet and the force (switching force (thrust load)) acting between the disk and the permanent magnet. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the structure of the eddy current type deceleration device which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention, and shows the state at the time of braking.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,15: Rotating shaft 2: Brake disk 2a: Brake surface 3, 14: Casing 4: Retaining ring 5, 18: Air cylinder, drive device (actuator)
6: Piston 7: Permanent magnet 11: Brake drum

Claims (10)

A braking member coupled to the rotating shaft;
A permanent magnet disposed so that a magnetic pole surface faces the braking surface of the braking member during braking and an eddy current is generated in the braking member;
A holding member fixed to a non-rotating portion and holding the permanent magnet;
A switching mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking,
An eddy current type speed reducer comprising a non-magnetic material in the action portion of the braking member. A braking member coupled to the rotating shaft;
A permanent magnet disposed so that a magnetic pole surface faces the braking surface of the braking member during braking and an eddy current is generated in the braking member;
A holding member fixed to a non-rotating portion and holding the permanent magnet;
A switching mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking,
An eddy current type speed reducer comprising a weak magnetic material in an action portion of the braking member. A braking member coupled to the rotating shaft;
A permanent magnet disposed so that a magnetic pole surface faces the braking surface of the braking member during braking and an eddy current is generated in the braking member;
A holding member fixed to a non-rotating portion and holding the permanent magnet;
A switching mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking,
An eddy current reduction device comprising a nonmagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material dispersed in the action portion of the braking member. The braking member is a disc-shaped braking disk;
The holding member has an annular shape;
The permanent magnet is arranged circumferentially on the holding member;
The eddy current type according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a drive mechanism for driving the holding member so that the switching mechanism moves the permanent magnet toward and away from the braking member. Reducer. The braking member is a cylindrical braking drum;
The holding member has a cylindrical shape;
The eddy current type reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permanent magnet is disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the holding member. A braking member coupled to the rotating shaft;
A permanent magnet disposed so that a magnetic pole surface faces the braking surface of the braking member during braking and an eddy current is generated in the braking member;
A holding member fixed to a non-rotating portion and holding the permanent magnet;
A switching mechanism for switching the permanent magnet between braking and non-braking,
The brake member has an eddy current reduction device having a first layer made of a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material and a second layer made of a ferromagnetic material.   The eddy current type reduction gear according to claim 6, wherein the first layer of the braking member is a film.   The eddy current reduction device according to claim 6, wherein the first layer and the second layer of the braking member are made of clad steel plates. The braking member includes a disc-shaped braking disk including a first disk made of a nonmagnetic material or a weak magnetic material and a second disk made of a ferromagnetic material,
The holding member has an annular shape;
The permanent magnet is arranged circumferentially on the holding member;
The eddy current reduction device according to claim 6, wherein the switching mechanism includes a driving mechanism for the holding member that moves the permanent magnet toward the braking member.   The eddy current reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet has 20 or more poles.

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