JP2006325512A - Waste water-treating system - Google Patents

Waste water-treating system Download PDF

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JP2006325512A
JP2006325512A JP2005155522A JP2005155522A JP2006325512A JP 2006325512 A JP2006325512 A JP 2006325512A JP 2005155522 A JP2005155522 A JP 2005155522A JP 2005155522 A JP2005155522 A JP 2005155522A JP 2006325512 A JP2006325512 A JP 2006325512A
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nitrogen
anammox
raw water
organic matter
tank
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Keita Takagi
啓太 高木
Takaaki Shinoda
高明 篠田
Koji Mishima
弘次 三嶋
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Takuma Co Ltd
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Takuma Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste water-treating system which efficiently treats waste water containing ammoniacal nitrogen and organic substances. <P>SOLUTION: According to the present invention, the coexistence body of ANAMOX (Anaerobic ammonium oxidation) microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms, capable of growing in the presence of organic substances is provided. This waste water-treating system for removing nitrogen and simultaneously treating organic substances by perfectly converting raw water containing the organic substances and ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrites, and introducing a mixed solution mixed with the raw water into an ANAMOX-treating tank containing the coexistence body to anaerobically treat the mixed solution. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、排水処理システムに関する。さらに詳しくは、アンモニア性窒素の効率的な除去システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a wastewater treatment system. More particularly, the present invention relates to an efficient removal system for ammonia nitrogen.

下水処理を含む有機性廃棄物の処理排液中に含まれるアンモニア性窒素は、河川、海洋などにおける富栄養化の原因物質の一つであるため、除去する必要がある。一般に、アンモニア性窒素を含む排水処理には、好気条件下において、アンモニア酸化細菌および亜硝酸酸化細菌によってアンモニア性窒素を亜硝酸性窒素および硝酸性窒素に酸化する硝化反応と、嫌気条件下において、脱窒細菌により亜硝酸性窒素および硝酸性窒素を窒素ガスに還元する脱窒反応を組み合わせた生物学的硝化脱窒法が採用されている。   Ammonia nitrogen contained in the treatment wastewater of organic waste including sewage treatment is one of the causative substances of eutrophication in rivers, oceans, etc., and therefore needs to be removed. In general, wastewater treatment containing ammonia nitrogen is carried out under aerobic conditions, under the anaerobic condition, in the nitrification reaction in which ammonia nitrogen is oxidized to nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen by ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria. A biological nitrification denitrification method that combines a denitrification reaction in which nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are reduced to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria has been adopted.

しかし、この方法は、硝化反応においては、大量の酸素の曝気を必要とすること、脱窒工程においては、脱窒細菌の栄養源としてメタノールなどの有機物を大量に必要とすること、汚泥が大量に発生すること、反応速度が遅いため、大規模な処理設備が必要となることなど、処理コストが上昇する。   However, this method requires aeration of a large amount of oxygen in the nitrification reaction, requires a large amount of organic substances such as methanol as a nutrient source for denitrifying bacteria in the denitrification process, and a large amount of sludge. In addition, since the reaction rate is low, the processing cost increases, such as the need for a large-scale processing facility.

これに代わる方法として、独立栄養性の脱窒微生物（以下、アナモックス微生物という）を用いる窒素除去方法が提案されている。この方法は、嫌気条件下、アンモニアが電子供与体、亜硝酸が電子受容体となる反応であり、酸素の供給、有機物の添加を必要としないため、極めて経済的な窒素除去方法である。例えば、特許文献１には、アンモニア性窒素を部分的に亜硝酸化または硝酸化し、アナモックス微生物と反応させて脱窒する方法が提案されている。また、特許文献２には、アンモニア性窒素を部分的に亜硝酸化し、これとアンモニア性窒素を含む原水とを混合した混合液から有機物を除き、アナモックス微生物と接触させて窒素を除去する方法が記載されている。また、特許文献３には、アナモックス微生物の脱窒効率を上げるために、アンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸化率を５５％以下に制御し、これをアナモックス微生物と接触させて、脱窒する方法が記載されている。   As an alternative method, a nitrogen removal method using an autotrophic denitrifying microorganism (hereinafter referred to as anammox microorganism) has been proposed. This method is a reaction in which ammonia becomes an electron donor and nitrous acid becomes an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions and does not require supply of oxygen or addition of organic substances, and is a very economical nitrogen removal method. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method in which ammonia nitrogen is partially nitritized or nitrated and reacted with anammox microorganisms for denitrification. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which ammonia nitrogen is partially nitrified, organic substances are removed from a mixed liquid obtained by mixing this with raw water containing ammonia nitrogen, and nitrogen is removed by contacting with anammox microorganisms. Are listed. Patent Document 3 describes a method of denitrifying by controlling the nitritation rate of ammonia nitrogen to 55% or less and bringing it into contact with anammox microorganisms in order to increase the denitrification efficiency of anammox microorganisms. Has been.

しかし、これらの窒素除去方法において、独立栄養性のアナモックス微生物は有機物が存在すると生育を阻害されるため、特許文献２に記載されているように、亜硝酸化工程においては、完全に有機物を除去しなければならない。そのため、亜硝酸化工程において、大量の酸素の曝気を必要とする。また、ほぼ完全に有機物を除去しなければならないため、連続的に反応を行うことができない。特許文献４では、原水をメタン発酵に供して有機物を除去し、これを亜硝酸化工程に供給し、アンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸化率を６０％に制御する脱窒方法を記載している。しかし、この特許文献４において、メタン発酵では完全に有機物を除去することができない。そのため、特許文献２および３と同様、亜硝酸化工程において大量の酸素の曝気を必要とし、さらに、有機物を除去するために連続的に亜硝酸化反応を行うことができないという問題がある。さらに特許文献４では、亜硝酸と有機分とを完全に除去したアンモニア性窒素を含む原水との混合水をアナモックス処理する場合には硝酸が発生し、生じた硝酸の除去のために、メタノールなどの有機物を添加しなければならず、新たに汚泥が発生する。   However, in these nitrogen removal methods, the growth of autotrophic anammox microorganisms is inhibited in the presence of organic matter. Therefore, as described in Patent Document 2, the organic matter is completely removed in the nitritation step. Must. Therefore, a large amount of oxygen must be aerated in the nitritation step. In addition, since organic substances must be removed almost completely, the reaction cannot be performed continuously. Patent Document 4 describes a denitrification method in which raw water is subjected to methane fermentation to remove organic substances, which are supplied to a nitritation step, and the nitritation rate of ammoniacal nitrogen is controlled to 60%. However, in Patent Document 4, organic substances cannot be completely removed by methane fermentation. Therefore, similarly to Patent Documents 2 and 3, there is a problem that a large amount of oxygen is required to be aerated in the nitritation step, and that the nitritation reaction cannot be continuously performed in order to remove organic substances. Furthermore, in Patent Document 4, nitric acid is generated when anammox treatment is performed on a mixed water of raw water containing ammoniacal nitrogen from which nitrous acid and organic components have been completely removed, and methanol or the like is used to remove the generated nitric acid. New organic matter must be added, and sludge is newly generated.

このように、アナモックス微生物を用いる脱窒方法は、有機物を除去してから脱窒処理を行わなければならないこと、アンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸化率を一定の比率に制御することが非常に困難であること、アナモックス微生物処理により硝酸が発生する場合、さらに有機物（メタノール）を添加して処理しなければならず、新たに汚泥が発生するという問題がある。
特開平８−１９２１８５号公報 特開２００１−１０４９９２号公報 特開２００３−３３７８４号公報 特開２００５−７４２５３号公報 Thus, in the denitrification method using anammox microorganisms, it is very difficult to control the nitritation rate of ammonia nitrogen to a certain ratio because it is necessary to perform denitrification treatment after removing organic substances. When nitric acid is generated by anammox microbial treatment, organic matter (methanol) must be further added for treatment, and there is a problem that sludge is newly generated.
JP-A-8-192185 JP 2001-104992 A JP 2003-33784 A JP 2005-74253 A

そこで、アナモックス微生物を用いて、アンモニア性窒素を含む排水から効率よく脱窒する方法が求められている。   Therefore, a method for efficiently denitrifying wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen using anammox microorganisms is required.

本発明は、有機物の存在下で生育し得る、独立栄養性アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体（以下、本発明の共存体、あるいはアナモックス共存体という場合がある）を提供する。   The present invention provides a coexisting body of autotrophic anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the coexisting body of the present invention or an anammox coexisting body) that can grow in the presence of an organic substance.

本発明は、また、有機物の存在下で生育し得る、アナモックス共存体と、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素および／または硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素とを反応させて、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素および／または硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素をＮ２として除去する排水処理方法を提供する。 The present invention also provides a reaction of an anammox coexistent that can grow in the presence of organic matter with organic matter, nitrite nitrogen and / or nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen to produce organic matter, nitrite nitrogen and A wastewater treatment method for removing nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as N 2 is provided.

さらに別の本発明は、有機物およびアンモニア性窒素を含む原水を処理する排水処理システムであって、有機物の存在下で生育し得るアナモックス共存体を含むアナモックス処理槽を備えた排水処理システムを提供する。   Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a wastewater treatment system for treating raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, and comprising an anammox treatment tank containing an anammox coexisting substance that can grow in the presence of organic matter. .

一つの実施態様では、本発明の排水処理システムは、さらに、亜硝酸化槽を備え、該亜硝酸化槽で有機物およびアンモニア性窒素を含む原水を完全にまたは部分的に亜硝酸化処理した処理水と、有機物およびアンモニア性窒素を含む原水とを混合して前記アナモックス処理槽で嫌気的に処理する。   In one embodiment, the wastewater treatment system of the present invention further includes a nitritation tank, and the raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen is completely or partially nitritized in the nitritation tank. Water and raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen are mixed and anaerobically treated in the anammox treatment tank.

別の実施態様では、本発明の排水処理システムは、亜硝酸化槽に直接供給する原水量とアナモックス処理槽に供給する原水量とを所定の比率で分配する装置をさらに備えている。   In another embodiment, the waste water treatment system of the present invention further includes a device that distributes the raw water amount directly supplied to the nitritation tank and the raw water amount supplied to the anammox treatment tank at a predetermined ratio.

さらに異なる実施態様では、上記亜硝酸化槽に供給する原水量とアナモックス処理槽に直接供給する原水量との比率が５０〜６０：５０〜４０である。   In still another embodiment, the ratio of the amount of raw water supplied to the nitritation tank and the amount of raw water supplied directly to the anammox treatment tank is 50-60: 50-40.

本発明のアナモックス共存体は、従来の独立栄養性アナモックス微生物とは異なり、有機物の存在下においても生育し得る。そのため、アナモックス微生物の処理方法で従来行われている、亜硝酸化前の有機物除去を必要とせず、また、アンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸化率を５０〜６０％という範囲に設定し、制御するという困難な調整を必要としない、極めて簡便な窒素除去方法が提供される。   Unlike the conventional autotrophic anammox microorganism, the anammox coexisting body of the present invention can grow even in the presence of organic matter. Therefore, it is not necessary to remove organic matter before nitritation, which is conventionally performed in the treatment method of anammox microorganisms, and the nitritation rate of ammonia nitrogen is set to a range of 50 to 60% and controlled. A very simple nitrogen removal method is provided that does not require difficult adjustments.

すなわち、有機物とアンモニア性窒素を含む原水をそのまま亜硝酸化槽に導入して、アンモニアを完全に亜硝酸化し、この亜硝酸化処理後の処理水を、再び有機物とアンモニア性窒素を含む原水と所定の比率で混合し、嫌気条件下で、アナモックス処理槽に導入するという、簡便な排水処理システムが提供される。最も簡単なシステムは、亜硝酸化槽に供給する原水量とアナモックス処理槽に供給する原水量とを所定の比率で分配し、これを制御する排水処理システムであり、このシステムによって、原水中の有機物およびアンモニア性窒素がほぼ完全に除去される。   That is, the raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen is introduced into the nitritation tank as it is, and ammonia is completely nitrified, and the treated water after the nitritation treatment is again treated with raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. A simple wastewater treatment system is provided that is mixed at a predetermined ratio and introduced into an anammox treatment tank under anaerobic conditions. The simplest system is a wastewater treatment system that distributes and controls the amount of raw water supplied to the nitritation tank and raw water supplied to the anammox treatment tank at a predetermined ratio. Organic matter and ammoniacal nitrogen are almost completely removed.

さらに、従来、有機物除去装置が不要となり、亜硝酸化槽を小さくできるうえ、曝気量も減少する。そのため、排水処理コストが低減し、処理効率も大きく向上する。   Furthermore, conventionally, an organic substance removing device is not required, the nitritation tank can be made smaller, and the amount of aeration is reduced. Therefore, the wastewater treatment cost is reduced and the treatment efficiency is greatly improved.

（アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体）
本発明に用いられる独立栄養性アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体（アナモックス共存体）は、有機物の存在下で生育し得る。この共存体は、独立栄養性のアナモックス微生物と従属栄養性の微生物、例えば、ズーグレア、バチルスなどの微生物種から構成され、アナモックス微生物と従属栄養性の微生物が複合した形態で存在する。顕微鏡観察では、アナモックス微生物が従属栄養性の微生物で被覆されているように見えることがある。このため、アナモックス微生物の生育を阻害する溶存酸素あるいは有機物が従属栄養性の微生物で消費されるため、アナモックス微生物の生育環境が確保されていると考えられる。 (Coexistence of anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms)
The coexisting body (anammox coexisting body) of the autotrophic anammox microorganism and heterotrophic microorganism used for this invention can grow in presence of organic substance. This coexisting body is composed of autotrophic anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms, for example, microbial species such as zoom glare and Bacillus, and exists in a form in which anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms are combined. Under microscopic observation, anammox microorganisms may appear to be coated with heterotrophic microorganisms. For this reason, dissolved oxygen or organic substances that inhibit the growth of anammox microorganisms are consumed by heterotrophic microorganisms, and it is considered that the growth environment of anammox microorganisms is secured.

なお、本明細書において、有機物は、微生物などの生物により酸化され得る有機物をいい、生物学的酸素要求量（ＢＯＤ）と同義で使用する。従って、有機物をＢＯＤと表記することがある。   In this specification, an organic substance means an organic substance that can be oxidized by a living organism such as a microorganism, and is used synonymously with biological oxygen demand (BOD). Therefore, the organic substance may be expressed as BOD.

本発明の共存体は、従来、アナモックス微生物として用いられている汚泥を、アンモニア性窒素、亜硝酸および有機物を含む排水で馴養することにより、得ることができる。馴養は、まず、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を含有し、有機物の濃度が極めて低い排水と、アナモックス微生物を含む汚泥とを接触させ、培養する。窒素ガスを発生する汚泥を採取し、次に有機物濃度をやや高くして、さらに培養を行い、窒素ガスを発生する汚泥を採取する。この操作を繰り返して有機物濃度を徐々に高めながら、有機物の存在下、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を含有する排水から窒素を除去し得る汚泥を採取する。このようにして、有機物（ＢＯＤ）濃度が６００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上であっても窒素を除去し得る独立栄養性アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体が得られる。   The coexisting body of the present invention can be obtained by acclimatizing sludge conventionally used as anammox microorganisms with waste water containing ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid and organic matter. In acclimatization, first, wastewater containing ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen and having a very low concentration of organic matter is brought into contact with sludge containing anammox microorganisms and cultured. The sludge that generates nitrogen gas is collected, and then the organic matter concentration is increased slightly, followed by further culturing, and the sludge that generates nitrogen gas is collected. By repeating this operation and gradually increasing the organic matter concentration, in the presence of the organic matter, sludge that can remove nitrogen from wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is collected. In this way, a co-existing body of autotrophic anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms capable of removing nitrogen even when the organic matter (BOD) concentration is 600 mg / L or more is obtained.

本発明の共存体に供給する有機物濃度は、アナモックス共存体が生育でき、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素から窒素ガスを発生することができる濃度であれば、特に制限はない。１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下であることが好ましく、５００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下であることがより好ましい。また、２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下であることがさらに好ましい。また、有機物（ＢＯＤ）濃度は５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以上が好ましく、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上がより好ましい。好ましい範囲は５０〜２００ｍｇ／Ｌであり、１００〜２００ｍｇ／Ｌであることがより好ましい。   The concentration of the organic substance supplied to the coexisting body of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the anammox coexisting body can grow and nitrogen gas can be generated from ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. It is preferably 1000 mg / L or less, and more preferably 500 mg / L or less. Moreover, it is more preferable that it is 200 mg / L or less. The organic substance (BOD) concentration is preferably 50 mg / L or more, and more preferably 100 mg / L or more. A preferred range is 50 to 200 mg / L, and more preferably 100 to 200 mg / L.

この共存体は、そのまま（固定化されていない状態で）使用してもよく、適切な担体（例えば、細かいメッシュの金網、樹脂など）に固定して用いてもよい。   This coexisting body may be used as it is (in an unimmobilized state) or may be used by being fixed to an appropriate carrier (for example, a fine mesh wire mesh, resin, etc.).

（排水処理方法）
本発明の排水処理方法は、上記アナモックス共存体と、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素および／または硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素とを反応させて、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素および／または硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素をＮ２として除去する。本発明の共存体は、アナモックス微生物が、亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素との存在下、それらの窒素成分をＮ２にして除去する。アナモックス処理において発生する硝酸は、アナモックス共存体を構成する従属栄養性微生物により分解され除去される。そのため、アンモニア性窒素に由来する窒素は、全て除去される。さらに、有機物（ＢＯＤ）も、アナモックス共存体を構成する従属栄養性微生物の栄養源として除去される。従って、本発明の排水処理方法によれば、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素、硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素が完全に除去される。 (Wastewater treatment method)
In the wastewater treatment method of the present invention, the anammox coexisting body is reacted with organic matter, nitrite nitrogen and / or nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen, and the organic matter, nitrite nitrogen and / or nitrate nitrogen, And ammoniacal nitrogen is removed as N 2 . In the coexisting substance of the present invention, the anammox microorganism removes the nitrogen component by N 2 in the presence of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. The nitric acid generated in the anammox treatment is decomposed and removed by the heterotrophic microorganisms constituting the anammox coexisting body. Therefore, all nitrogen derived from ammonia nitrogen is removed. Furthermore, organic matter (BOD) is also removed as a nutrient source for heterotrophic microorganisms that constitute the anammox coexisting body. Therefore, according to the wastewater treatment method of the present invention, organic matter, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen are completely removed.

（排水処理システム）
本発明の排水処理システムの特徴は、本発明の共存体を含むアナモックス処理槽を備えている点にある。すなわち、本発明の共存体を含むアナモックス処理槽は、嫌気条件で有機物（ＢＯＤ）の存在下でも、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を電子供与体・受容体として反応させ、それらの窒素成分をＮ２として除去できるシステムである。本発明のシステムは、好ましくは、亜硝酸化槽をさらに備えている。この亜硝酸化槽で、好ましくはアンモニア性窒素の全てが亜硝酸性窒素に酸化される。ついで、この亜硝酸性窒素を含む処理水と、有機物とアンモニア性窒素を含む原水とを適切な比率で（例えば、亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素のモル比が５０〜６０：５０〜４０、最も好ましくは５６：４４となるように）混合し、本発明の共存体を含有するアナモック処理槽に導入し、嫌気的に反応させることにより、効率よくこれらの窒素成分がＮ２として除去される。また、亜硝酸化槽に供給する原水量とアナモックス処理槽に供給する原水量とを所定の比率で分配する装置、例えば、流量分配バルブを備え、流量を調節するだけで、アンモニア性窒素および有機物を完全に除去するシステムが提供される。本発明の排水処理システムの特徴および利点についての詳細は、実施例で後述する。 (Wastewater treatment system)
The feature of the waste water treatment system of the present invention is that it includes an anammox treatment tank containing the coexisting body of the present invention. That is, the anammox treatment tank containing the coexistant of the present invention reacts ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen as an electron donor / acceptor under anaerobic conditions even in the presence of an organic substance (BOD), and converts these nitrogen components. is a system that can be removed as N 2. The system of the present invention preferably further comprises a nitritation tank. In this nitritation tank, preferably all of the ammoniacal nitrogen is oxidized to nitrite nitrogen. Then, the treated water containing nitrite nitrogen and the raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen are in an appropriate ratio (for example, the molar ratio of nitrite nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen is 50-60: 50-40, These nitrogen components are efficiently removed as N 2 by mixing and introducing into an anammock treatment tank containing the coexisting substance of the present invention and reacting anaerobically. . In addition, a device that distributes the amount of raw water supplied to the nitritation tank and the amount of raw water supplied to the anammox treatment tank at a predetermined ratio, for example, a flow distribution valve, and only by adjusting the flow rate, ammonia nitrogen and organic matter A system for completely removing Details of the features and advantages of the wastewater treatment system of the present invention will be described later in Examples.

以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に制限されない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

（実施例１：本発明の共存体の調製）
ＢＯＤを含まないアナモックス処理槽から汚泥を採取した。亜硝酸性窒素：アンモニア性窒素を５６：４４（モル比）で含み、かつ有機物を１００〜２００ｍｇ／Ｌ含む培地で嫌気的に培養し、窒素ガスを発生する汚泥を採取した。この汚泥を、さらに有機物濃度を高め、同様にして培養し、窒素ガスを発生する汚泥を採取した。このような操作を繰り返し、意図的に従属栄養微生物の被膜を増加させ、有機物（ＢＯＤ）存在下でも亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素とから窒素を生成し得るアナモックス共存体が得られた。 (Example 1: Preparation of coexisting body of the present invention)
Sludge was collected from an anammox treatment tank containing no BOD. The sludge which generate | occur | produces nitrogen gas was extract | collected anaerobically in the culture medium which contains nitrite nitrogen: ammonia nitrogen by 56:44 (molar ratio), and contains 100-200 mg / L of organic substance. This sludge was further increased in organic substance concentration and cultured in the same manner, and sludge generating nitrogen gas was collected. Such an operation was repeated to intentionally increase the film of heterotrophic microorganisms, and an anammox coexistent body capable of generating nitrogen from nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen even in the presence of organic matter (BOD) was obtained.

得られたアナモックス共存体の窒素除去速度と有機物濃度との関係を図１に示す。図１に示すように、ＢＯＤ濃度が４００ｍｇ／Ｌ未満では、窒素除去速度はほとんど一定であるが、４００ｍｇ／Ｌを超えても、ＢＯＤ濃度の影響を受けることなく、窒素除去速度が増加している。この共存体を顕微鏡で観察すると、独立栄養のアナモックス微生物を従属栄養微生物が被覆しているように見えた（図示せず）。従って、有機物の存在下でもアンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素とから、それらが分解して窒素を生成し得る、アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体が得られたことが確認された。   FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the nitrogen removal rate and the organic substance concentration of the obtained anammox coexisting substance. As shown in FIG. 1, when the BOD concentration is less than 400 mg / L, the nitrogen removal rate is almost constant, but even if it exceeds 400 mg / L, the nitrogen removal rate increases without being affected by the BOD concentration. Yes. When this coexistent was observed under a microscope, it appeared that heterotrophic microorganisms covered autotrophic anammox microorganisms (not shown). Therefore, it was confirmed that a coexistent body of anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms was obtained from ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the presence of organic matter, which can be decomposed to generate nitrogen.

（実施例２：排水処理システム−その１）
本発明の排水処理システムの一例を、図２に示す。図２に示す処理システム１は、亜硝酸化槽２とアナモックス処理槽３とを備えている。亜硝酸化槽２には、曝気管７が設けられている。この処理システム１では、まず、アンモニア性窒素および有機物（ＢＯＤ）を含む原水４を亜硝酸化槽２に供給する。供給された原水４中のアンモニア性窒素は、亜硝酸化槽２内で曝気管７から供給された酸素により、好気的にアンモニア酸化細菌により亜硝酸化される。また、有機物（ＢＯＤ）も亜硝酸化槽２内の汚泥により消化され、さらに、酸素の曝気により酸化されて、ＢＯＤは減少またはゼロになる。 (Example 2: Wastewater treatment system-1)
An example of the waste water treatment system of the present invention is shown in FIG. The processing system 1 shown in FIG. 2 includes a nitritation tank 2 and an anammox processing tank 3. The nitritation tank 2 is provided with an aeration pipe 7. In the treatment system 1, first, raw water 4 containing ammoniacal nitrogen and organic matter (BOD) is supplied to the nitritation tank 2. Ammonia nitrogen in the supplied raw water 4 is aerobically oxidized by ammonia oxidizing bacteria by oxygen supplied from the aeration pipe 7 in the nitritation tank 2. In addition, organic matter (BOD) is digested by sludge in the nitritation tank 2, and further oxidized by aeration of oxygen, so that BOD is reduced or zero.

亜硝酸化槽２では、アンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸性窒素への酸化率は、モル換算で５０％以上であればよい。好ましくは７０％以上であり、さらに好ましくは９０％以上であり、最も好ましくは１００％である。すなわち、アンモニア性窒素を完全に亜硝酸化することが最も好ましい。   In the nitritation tank 2, the oxidation rate of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen may be 50% or more in terms of mole. Preferably it is 70% or more, More preferably, it is 90% or more, Most preferably, it is 100%. That is, it is most preferable to completely nitrite ammoniacal nitrogen.

亜硝酸化槽２で処理された処理水５は、適切な亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素との比率（モル比）、例えば、５０〜６０：５０〜４０となるように、アンモニア性窒素を含む原水８と混合され、混合水６を得る。混合水６中の亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素との好ましい比率（モル比）は、５５〜５７：４５〜４３であり、さらに好ましくは、５６：４４である。このような比率で嫌気的なアナモックス共存体処理を行うことにより、アンモニア性窒素および亜硝酸性窒素からこれらの窒素成分がＮ２として除去される。また、アナモックス処理の工程で生じる硝酸性窒素は、アナモックス共存体の従属栄養性微生物により処理され、窒素ガスとして回収される。そのため、すべてのアンモニア性窒素が、窒素ガスとして除去され得る。 The treated water 5 treated in the nitritation tank 2 contains ammonia nitrogen so as to have an appropriate ratio (molar ratio) between nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, for example, 50-60: 50-40. The mixed water 6 is obtained by mixing with the raw water 8 containing. A preferable ratio (molar ratio) of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the mixed water 6 is 55 to 57:45 to 43, and more preferably 56:44. By performing anaerobic anammox coexisting body treatment at such a ratio, these nitrogen components are removed as N 2 from ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. In addition, nitrate nitrogen generated in the anammox treatment step is treated by heterotrophic microorganisms of the anammox coexisting body and recovered as nitrogen gas. Therefore, all ammonia nitrogen can be removed as nitrogen gas.

なお、原水８は原水４と同じであってもよいし、アンモニア性窒素と有機物を含む、原水４とは異なる原水であってもよい。   The raw water 8 may be the same as the raw water 4 or may be a raw water different from the raw water 4 containing ammoniacal nitrogen and organic matter.

（実施例３：排水処理システム−その２）
上記実施例２に示した処理システム１において、原水８が原水４と同一である場合、原水４の一部が亜硝酸化槽２に供給され、残りの一部が亜硝酸化槽２からの処理水５と混合されることになる。そのため、予め、原水４を、亜硝酸化槽２に供給する量と、処理水５と混合する量とに分配することができる。このようなシステムの一例を図３に示す。 (Example 3: Wastewater treatment system-2)
In the treatment system 1 shown in Example 2 above, when the raw water 8 is the same as the raw water 4, a part of the raw water 4 is supplied to the nitritation tank 2 and the remaining part from the nitritation tank 2. It will be mixed with the treated water 5. Therefore, the raw water 4 can be distributed in advance into an amount to be supplied to the nitritation tank 2 and an amount to be mixed with the treated water 5. An example of such a system is shown in FIG.

図３の排水処理システム１１は、亜硝酸化槽１２およびアナモックス処理槽１３を備えている。亜硝酸化槽１２は曝気管１７を備えており、亜硝酸化槽１２に空気（酸素）が通気、供給される。   The waste water treatment system 11 in FIG. 3 includes a nitritation tank 12 and an anammox treatment tank 13. The nitritation tank 12 includes an aeration pipe 17, and air (oxygen) is vented and supplied to the nitritation tank 12.

この排水処理システム１１は、アンモニア性窒素とＢＯＤを含む原水１４が、流量分配バルブ１８で、亜硝酸化槽１２に５６％、アナモックス処理槽１３に４４％の割合で配分されるように構成されている。そして、亜硝酸化槽１２において、導入されたアンモニア性窒素は全て亜硝酸性窒素に酸化され、ＢＯＤもほぼ消化されて、ほとんどゼロになる。亜硝酸化槽１２から排出される亜硝酸性窒素を含む処理水５は、分配された量、すなわち５６％の原水量に相当する。そこで、この５６％に相当する処理水１５と、分配された４４％の原水１４とを混合すると、亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素とが、５６：４４で含まれる混合水１６が得られる。この混合水１６中の亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素との比率は、アナモックス微生物による効率的な窒素除去の比率であり、アナモックス処理槽１３中で、アンモニア性窒素および亜硝酸性窒素が窒素ガスとして回収される。アナモックス処理中に発生する硝酸は、本発明のアナモックス共存体で処理されるため、排水中には含まれない。また、ＢＯＤも本発明の共存体で処理されるため、排水中のＢＯＤはゼロとなる。   This wastewater treatment system 11 is configured so that raw water 14 containing ammoniacal nitrogen and BOD is distributed by a flow distribution valve 18 at a ratio of 56% to the nitritation tank 12 and 44% to the anammox treatment tank 13. ing. In the nitritation tank 12, all of the introduced ammoniacal nitrogen is oxidized to nitrite nitrogen, and BOD is almost digested to become almost zero. The treated water 5 containing nitrite nitrogen discharged from the nitritation tank 12 corresponds to a distributed amount, that is, a raw water amount of 56%. Therefore, when the treated water 15 corresponding to 56% and the distributed 44% raw water 14 are mixed, mixed water 16 containing nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen at 56:44 is obtained. The ratio of nitrite nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen in the mixed water 16 is a ratio of efficient nitrogen removal by anammox microorganisms, and ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are nitrogen gas in the anammox treatment tank 13. As recovered. Since nitric acid generated during the anammox treatment is treated with the anammox coexisting substance of the present invention, it is not contained in the waste water. Moreover, since BOD is also processed by the coexisting body of this invention, BOD in waste_water | drain becomes zero.

（本発明のシステムの特徴）
本発明の処理システムの特徴を、従来の技術と比較すると以下の通りである。アナモックス微生物は、亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素とが一定の比率（例えばモル比で５６：４４）のときに最も効率的に脱窒するが、アナモックス微生物はＢＯＤ存在下生育できないことから、ＢＯＤを除去し、かつこの比率にアンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸化を調節しなければならない。特に後者の比率に制御することは、非常に困難である。 (Features of the system of the present invention)
The characteristics of the processing system of the present invention are as follows when compared with the prior art. Anammox microorganisms are most efficiently denitrified when nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are in a certain ratio (for example, 56:44 in molar ratio), but anammox microorganisms cannot grow in the presence of BOD. And the nitritation of ammoniacal nitrogen must be adjusted to this ratio. In particular, it is very difficult to control the latter ratio.

これに対して、本発明においては、亜硝酸化の工程において、ＢＯＤを予め除去する必要がなく、アンモニア性窒素の亜硝酸化を特定の比率に調整する必要もない。アンモニア性窒素は全て亜硝酸性窒素に変換することができるので、工程の管理が極めて簡単である。そして、この亜硝酸性窒素を含む処理水と、アンモニア性窒素および有機物（ＢＯＤ）を含む原水とを、亜硝酸性窒素とアンモニア性窒素とが所望の比率となるように混合して、本発明の共存体で処理することにより、それらの窒素がＮ２として除去できる。これは、本発明の共存体が有機物（ＢＯＤ）存在下においても、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素とをＮ２として除去することができることに起因する。 On the other hand, in the present invention, it is not necessary to remove BOD in advance in the nitritation step, and it is not necessary to adjust nitritation of ammonia nitrogen to a specific ratio. Since all ammonia nitrogen can be converted to nitrite nitrogen, the process control is very simple. Then, the treated water containing nitrite nitrogen and raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and organic matter (BOD) are mixed so that nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are in a desired ratio, and the present invention is performed. These nitrogens can be removed as N 2 by treatment with the coexisting compound. This is because the coexisting substance of the present invention can remove ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen as N 2 even in the presence of organic matter (BOD).

さらに、アナモックス微生物処理により生じた硝酸は、本発明の共存体により分解され、Ｎ２として除去されるので、特許文献４に記載されているような硝酸処理のためにメタノールなどの新たな有機物を添加する必要もなく、メタノールに起因する汚泥の発生もない。 Furthermore, since nitric acid produced by the anammox microorganism treatment is decomposed by the coexisting substance of the present invention and removed as N 2 , a new organic substance such as methanol is used for the nitric acid treatment as described in Patent Document 4. There is no need to add, and there is no generation of sludge due to methanol.

また、本発明の方法（排水処理システム）では、原水の一部は亜硝酸化することなく、そのままアナモックス処理槽に供給できる。そのため、全ての原水を亜硝酸化処理しなければならなかった従来の方法と比べると、亜硝酸化槽の負荷量が半分程度になる。その結果、装置全体が小さくてすみ、亜硝酸化に要する時間も短縮できることから、処理効率が格段に向上する。さらに、処理システム２においては、単に流量（原水の分配量）を維持あるいは制御するだけで、効率的な窒素除去を行うことができる。   Moreover, in the method (wastewater treatment system) of this invention, a part of raw | natural water can be supplied to an anammox processing tank as it is, without nitrifying. Therefore, compared with the conventional method which had to carry out the nitritation treatment of all the raw water, the load amount of a nitritation tank becomes about a half. As a result, the entire apparatus can be small and the time required for nitritation can be shortened, so that the processing efficiency is remarkably improved. Further, in the treatment system 2, efficient nitrogen removal can be performed simply by maintaining or controlling the flow rate (distribution amount of raw water).

本発明によれば、独立栄養性のアナモックス微生物と従属栄養性微生物との共存体は、嫌気条件下、有機物の存在下でもアンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素とからそれらの窒素成分をＮ２として除去できるので、有機物とアンモニア性窒素を含む排水処理に極めて有用である。さらに、この共存体を用いることにより、アンモニア性窒素と有機物を含む原水の一部を亜硝酸化槽に導入して亜硝酸化し、この処理液を残りの原水と混合してアナモックス微生物で処理するので、実質的に原水の亜硝酸化槽への流量を調整するだけで、排水処理が可能となる。そのため、管理が非常に簡便で、亜硝酸化装置が小型化でき、処理効率が向上するため、アンモニア性窒素と有機物を含む排水処理の分野において、極めて有用である。 According to the present invention, the coexisting body of autotrophic anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms can convert their nitrogen components into N 2 from ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen even in the presence of organic matter under anaerobic conditions. Since it can be removed, it is extremely useful for wastewater treatment containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. Furthermore, by using this coexisting substance, a part of raw water containing ammonia nitrogen and organic substances is introduced into a nitritation tank to nitrite, and this treatment solution is mixed with the remaining raw water and treated with anammox microorganisms. Therefore, waste water treatment becomes possible by merely adjusting the flow rate of raw water to the nitritation tank. Therefore, the management is very simple, the nitritation apparatus can be miniaturized, and the treatment efficiency is improved. Therefore, it is extremely useful in the field of wastewater treatment including ammonia nitrogen and organic matter.

本発明の共存体の窒素除去速度と有機物濃度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the nitrogen removal rate and organic substance density | concentration of the coexisting body of this invention. 本発明の排水処理システムを示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the waste water treatment system of this invention. 本発明の、別の排水処理システムを示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows another waste water treatment system of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１、１１ 処理システム
２、１２ 亜硝酸化槽
３、１３ アナモックス処理槽
４、１４ 原水
５、１５ 処理水
６、１６ 混合液
７、１７ 曝気管
８ 原水
１８ 流量分配バルブ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,11 Processing system 2,12 Nitrite tank 3,13 Anammox processing tank 4,14 Raw water 5,15 Processed water 6,16 Mixture 7,17 Aeration pipe 8 Raw water 18 Flow distribution valve

Claims (6)

有機物の存在下で生育し得る、独立栄養性アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体。   Coexisting autotrophic anammox and heterotrophic microorganisms that can grow in the presence of organic matter. 有機物の存在下で生育し得る、独立栄養性アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体と、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素および／または硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素とを嫌気的に反応させて、有機物、亜硝酸性窒素および／または硝酸性窒素、およびアンモニア性窒素をＮ２として除去する、排水処理方法。 An anaerobic reaction of a co-existing autotrophic anammox microorganism and heterotrophic microorganism that can grow in the presence of organic matter with organic matter, nitrite nitrogen and / or nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen, A wastewater treatment method for removing organic substances, nitrite nitrogen and / or nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen as N 2 . 有機物およびアンモニア性窒素を含む原水を処理する排水処理システムであって、有機物の存在下で生育し得る、独立栄養性アナモックス微生物と従属栄養微生物との共存体を含むアナモックス処理槽を備えた、排水処理システム。   A wastewater treatment system for treating raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, and having an anammox treatment tank containing coexisting bodies of autotrophic anammox microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms that can grow in the presence of organic matter Processing system. さらに、亜硝酸化槽を備え、該亜硝酸化槽で有機物およびアンモニア性窒素を含む原水を完全にまたは部分的に亜硝酸化処理した処理水と、有機物およびアンモニア性窒素を含む原水とを混合して前記アナモックス処理槽で嫌気的に処理する、請求項３に記載の排水処理システム。   Furthermore, a nitrification tank is provided, and treated water obtained by completely or partially nitrating raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the nitritation tank is mixed with raw water containing organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the wastewater treatment system performs anaerobic treatment in the anammox treatment tank. 亜硝酸化槽に供給する原水量とアナモックス処理槽に直接供給する原水量とを所定の比率で分配する装置をさらに備える、請求項４に記載の排水処理システム。   The wastewater treatment system according to claim 4, further comprising a device that distributes the raw water amount supplied to the nitritation tank and the raw water amount directly supplied to the anammox treatment tank at a predetermined ratio. 前記亜硝酸化槽に供給する原水量とアナモックス処理槽に直接供給する原水量との比率が、５０〜６０：５０〜４０である、請求項５に記載の排水処理システム。   The wastewater treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the amount of raw water supplied to the nitritation tank and the amount of raw water supplied directly to the anammox treatment tank is 50-60: 50-40.
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