JP2006325465A - Composition containing lipase for functional group exchange reaction, method of producing the same and use of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for developing or increasing functional group exchange activity of lipase having no or low lipase activity. <P>SOLUTION: The method for developing or increasing functional group exchange activity of lipase comprises a step for esterification reaction of a hydroxy-containing compound selected from a group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester with a fatty acid in the presence of lipase. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction with improved lipase activity, which can be suitably used for various functional group exchange reactions such as transesterification, a method for producing the same, and an oil and fat using the lipase-containing composition. The present invention relates to various functional group exchange methods such as transesterification.

Usually, commercially available powdered lipases are hardly applicable to a functional group exchange reaction such as a transesterification reaction as it is, and in many cases, are not generally applicable. Therefore, a method of imparting transesterification ability by using a surfactant or the like in the process of powder formulation has been proposed (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
In the food field, immobilized lipase is often used for transesterification, and it has been desired to further improve the lipase activity per unit mass of immobilized lipase.

JAOCS, Vol.76, NO.11,1259-1264,1999 JAOCS, Vol.73, NO.11,1505-1512,1996

An object of this invention is to provide the composition for functional group exchange reaction containing the lipase which provided or improved the functional group exchange reaction activity, and its manufacturing method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product using the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for expressing or improving the functional group exchange reaction activity of lipase.

The present invention expresses or improves the functional group exchange reaction activity in the lipase when the esterification reaction is performed in the presence of the lipase even if the lipase has no functional group exchange reaction activity or has a low activity. The lipase obtained thereby and the composition containing the lipase can be used for the functional group exchange reaction, and the amount of the unreacted raw material and the esterified product in the esterification reaction contained in the composition can be determined by the functional group exchange reaction. This is based on the knowledge that, for example, washing with the raw materials used in this is advantageous for the subsequent functional group exchange reaction.
That is, the present invention provides a lipase for functional group exchange reaction obtained by esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester in the presence of lipase and a fatty acid. A containing composition is provided.

The present invention also provides a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction by esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester in the presence of lipase and a fatty acid. The manufacturing method of the lipase containing composition for functional group exchange reaction including a process is provided.
The present invention also provides an ester, amide, ester bond and amide bond in the molecule in the presence of the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction or the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction obtained by the production method. There is provided a method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product, comprising a step of performing a functional group exchange reaction using one or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound having a hydrolyzate and a hydrolyzate thereof as a raw material.
The present invention also provides a functional group exchange reaction activity of a lipase, comprising a step of esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester with a fatty acid in the presence of lipase. Methods of expression or improvement are provided.

According to the present invention, a lipase having no functional group exchange reaction activity such as transesterification reaction activity or a low activity is allowed to express the activity or the activity without pretreatment using a surfactant or the like. Can be improved.
According to the present invention, it is also possible to obtain a lipase-containing composition that is safe for use in producing foods or food additives.

The lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention and the production method thereof will be described.
In this specification, the functional group exchange reaction refers to an ester exchange reaction, an amide exchange reaction, and an ester exchange reaction and an amide exchange reaction in which both the ester exchange reaction and the amide exchange reaction are performed. Details of the functional group exchange reaction will be described in the method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product using the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction, which will be described later.
The functional group-exchange lipase-containing composition of the present invention is activated in transesterification, amide-exchange reaction, or transesterification and amide-exchange reaction because the functional group exchange ability of the lipase contained in the composition is activated. When used, each reaction can proceed efficiently.

<Hydroxyl-containing compound>
In the present invention, the hydroxyl group-containing compound that can be used for the esterification reaction is selected from the group consisting of monoalcohols, polyhydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohol partial esters, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can also be used together.
Examples of the monoalcohol include alkyl monoalcohols and plant sterols, and one or more of these can be used. The alkyl moiety constituting the alkyl monoalcohol may be any of short-chain alkyl such as 2 to 5 carbon atoms, medium-chain alkyl such as 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or long-chain alkyl such as 13 to 30 carbon atoms. The alkyl moiety constituting the alkyl monoalcohol may be either saturated or unsaturated, and may be linear or branched. Specifically, preferred examples include octanol and dodecanol as linear medium-chain saturated alcohols, and oleyl alcohol as linear long-chain unsaturated alcohols. Suitable plant sterols include sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, fucosterol, spinasterol, and brassicasterol.

  The polyhydric alcohol refers to a dihydric or higher alcohol, and examples of the dihydric alcohol include glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and polycondensates of glycols. Examples of the alcohol include glycerin, erythritol, sorbitols, trimethylolpropane, and polycondensates of trivalent or higher alcohols, and one or more of these can be used. Here, examples of the polycondensate of glycols include diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. Examples of sorbitols include sorbitol, sorbitan, and sorbite. Examples of the polycondensate include sucrose and polyglycerin.

As the polyhydric alcohol partial ester, for example, the polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyhydric alcohol partial ester is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin, sorbitols, sucrose, and trimethylolpropane. Species or two or more types can be used. Specifically, partial ester of glycerin and fatty acid, partial ester of polyglycerin and fatty acid which is a polycondensate of glycerin, partial ester of sorbitol and fatty acid, partial ester of sucrose and fatty acid, propylene glycol and And monoesters with fatty acids.
Here, the degree of esterification of the polyhydric alcohol partial ester is preferably about 1-2.
In addition, polyhydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol partial ester hydrolyzes the ester of fatty acid esterified to all hydroxyl groups of the corresponding polyhydric alcohol or the corresponding polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid partial ester before the esterification reaction. It can also be obtained by the process of. According to this process, easily available fats and oils can be used as a raw material for the esterification reaction.
In addition, as the quantity of the water added in the case of hydrolysis, what is necessary is just sufficient quantity to hydrolyze, for example, 5-200 mass% water can be used with respect to the mass of a lipase.

  The hydroxyl group-containing composition is a polyhydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol partial ester, and the polyhydric alcohol or the polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyhydric alcohol partial ester is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin. More preferred are those selected from the group consisting of sorbitols, sucrose and trimethylolpropane. Of these, glycerin and propylene glycol are most preferred.

<Fatty acid>
In the present invention, the fatty acid that can be used in the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include saturated or unsaturated linear or branched short chain, medium chain, or long chain fatty acids. For use in foods, saturated or unsaturated medium or long chain fatty acids are preferred from the viewpoint of safety. Long chain unsaturated fatty acids are more preferred because they are easily available and are easy to handle during production because they are liquid at room temperature. Most preferred are long-chain unsaturated fatty acids derived from vegetable oils. In the present specification, the short chain fatty acid means a fatty acid having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid, and the medium chain fatty acid means a fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid. Means a fatty acid having 13 to 30 carbon atoms in the constituent fatty acid. Those having a hydroxyl group (hydroxy fatty acid) may be used, and examples thereof include 12-hydroxystearic acid and ricinoleic acid.
Specific examples of fatty acids include fatty acids obtained by hydrolyzing vegetable oils and animal fats, oleic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and purified products thereof. The fatty acid is preferably a fatty acid obtained by hydrolyzing vegetable fats and oils. Here, as vegetable oils and fats, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, and oils of these hyolein varieties, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rice oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, palm oil, palm oil Examples include fractionated oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil, camellia oil, cacao butter, shea butter, monkey butter, and iripe fat. Examples of animal fats include fish oil, beef tallow, and pork tallow. Of these, oleic acid is most preferred due to its high oxidation stability.
Commercially available products can be used as these fatty acids, and they can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<Lipase>
In the present invention, the lipase that can be used in the esterification reaction is not particularly limited, but a new article that is not used in the reaction can be used, or it can be used to regenerate one that has been used once. However, both can be used together. Those derived from Rhizomucor miehei, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus delemar are preferred.
Examples of lipases derived from Rhizomucor miehei that can be used in the present invention include Novozymes products: Palatase 20000L. Patalase is commercially available in a form in which lipase is dissolved / dispersed in an aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution is filtered using an ultrafiltration membrane to remove low-molecular components to obtain a lipase-containing aqueous solution. It can be obtained by spraying using a spray dryer or freeze drying.
Examples of the lipase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus include Novozymes' product: Lipozyme TL 100L. Powdered lipase can be obtained in the same manner as described above.
Examples of the lipase derived from Rhizopus oryzae include Amano Enzyme's product: Lipase F-AP15. This is a powdered lipase.
Examples of lipases derived from Rhizopus delemar include Amano Enzyme's product: Lipase D. This is a powdered lipase. Note that this lipase D is currently derived from Rhizopus oryzae, but conventionally it was derived from Rhizopus delemar.
The lipase that can be used in the present invention may or may not have positional specificity.

The lipase used in the present invention may be in the form of a powder that is not immobilized on a carrier, or a suitable carrier such as an anion exchange resin, a phenol adsorption resin, a hydrophobic carrier, a cation exchange resin, a chelate. It may be immobilized on a carrier such as resin, acrylic resin, nylon resin, silica gel, or celite. Examples of the immobilized lipase immobilized on the carrier include a product of Novozymes: Lipozyme RM-IM.
Both forms of lipase can be used in combination, but are preferably in powder form. A lipase having a reduced transesterification activity once used for the transesterification reaction can also be used.
When the lipase is a powdered lipase, the particle size thereof can be arbitrary, but 90% by mass or more thereof preferably has a particle size of 1 to 100 μm, preferably 20 to 50 μm. Within such a range, it is preferable because the dispersion state is good and the operability is good. The particle size of the powdered lipase can be measured using, for example, a particle size distribution measuring device (LA-500) manufactured by HORIBA.
In the present invention, the lipase can be used as it is, including those in the form of a lipase-containing aqueous solution, but in the case of a commercially available lipase-containing aqueous solution, other remaining and added components in the lipase solution are adversely affected. In the case of an aqueous solution excluding these, a burden is imposed on the removal of excess water, and therefore it is preferable that the aqueous solution is in a powder form for effective and reliable treatment.
Examples of the method for pulverizing the lipase-containing aqueous solution include spray drying, freeze drying (freeze drying), and drying after solvent precipitation.

Here, as the lipase-containing aqueous solution, the lipase culture solution from which the bacterial cells have been removed, the purified culture solution, the lipase powder obtained from these dissolved and dispersed again in water, and the commercially available lipase powder dissolved and dispersed again in water And a commercially available liquid lipase. Further, those obtained by removing low molecular components such as salts in order to further increase the lipase activity are more preferable, and those obtained by removing low molecular components such as sugars in order to further improve the powder properties.
Examples of the lipase culture solution include aqueous solutions containing soy flour, peptone, corn staple liquor, K ₂ HPO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ , MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O and the like. These concentrations include 0.1 to 20% by weight of soybean flour, preferably 1.0 to 10% by weight, 0.1 to 30% by weight of peptone, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, corn staple liquor 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10 mass%, K ₂ HPO ₄ 0.01 to 20 wt%, preferably from 0.1 to 5 mass%. Further, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ is 0.01 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, and MgSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O is 0.01 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 5%. % By mass. The culture conditions are a culture temperature of 10 to 40 ° C., preferably 20 to 35 ° C., an aeration rate of 0.1 to 2.0 VVM, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 VVM, and a stirring speed of 100 to 800 rpm, preferably It is good to control to 200 to 400 rpm and pH to 3.0 to 10.0, preferably 4.0 to 9.5.

Separation of the cells is preferably performed by centrifugation, membrane filtration or the like. Moreover, removal of low molecular components such as salts and sugars can be performed by UF membrane treatment. Specifically, by performing a UF membrane treatment, concentrating the aqueous solution containing lipase to a volume of ½ volume, and repeating the operation of adding the same amount of phosphate buffer as the concentrated solution 1 to 5 times, A lipase-containing aqueous solution from which low molecular components have been removed can be obtained.
Centrifugation is preferably 200 to 20,000 × g, and membrane filtration is preferably controlled to 3.0 kg / m 2 or less with an MF membrane, filter press or the like. In the case of intracellular enzymes, it is preferable to crush the cells with a homogenizer, Waring blender, ultrasonic crushing, French press, ball mill or the like, and remove cell residues by centrifugation, membrane filtration or the like. The rotation speed of the homogenizer is 500 to 30,000 rpm, preferably 1,000 to 15,000 rpm, and the rotation speed of the Waring blender is 500 to 10,000 rpm, preferably 1,000 to 5,000 rpm. The stirring time is 0.5 to 10 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes. The ultrasonic crushing is performed under conditions of 1 to 50 KHz, preferably 10 to 20 KHz. The ball mill preferably uses glass spheres having a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
In this invention, it is preferable to use what contains 5-30 mass% as solid content as lipase containing aqueous solution.

It is preferable to adjust the pH of the lipase-containing aqueous solution to 6 to 7.5 immediately before the drying step such as spray drying. In particular, it is preferable to adjust the pH to 7.0 or lower and further adjust the pH to be in the range of 6.5 to 7.0. The pH adjustment may be performed in any step prior to the drying step such as spray drying, and the pH of the lipase-containing aqueous solution is adjusted in advance so that the pH immediately before the drying step is within the above range. Also good. Various alkali agents and acids can be used for pH adjustment, but it is preferable to use an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide.
Moreover, you may concentrate lipase containing aqueous solution in the process in the middle of a drying process. The concentration method is not particularly limited, but evaporator, flash evaporator, UF membrane concentration, MF membrane concentration, salting out with inorganic salts, precipitation method with solvent, adsorption method with ion-exchange cellulose, water absorption with water-absorbing gel Law. Preferably, UF membrane concentration and an evaporator are used. The UF membrane concentration module is preferably a flat membrane or hollow fiber membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 3,000 to 100,000, preferably 6,000 to 50,000, and the material is preferably polyacrylonitrile or polysulfone.

Spray drying is preferably performed using a spray dryer such as a nozzle countercurrent type, a disk countercurrent type, a nozzle cocurrent type, and a disk cocurrent type. Preferably, the disk co-current type is preferable, the atomizer speed is 4,000 to 20,000 rpm, the heating is preferably controlled at an inlet temperature of 100 to 200 ° C., and an outlet temperature of 40 to 100 ° C., and spray drying is preferred.
Freeze-drying (freeze-drying) is also preferable. For example, it is preferably performed by a laboratory-size small-scale freeze-dryer or a shelf-type freeze-drying. Furthermore, it can also be prepared by drying under reduced pressure.
As a specific method for drying after solvent precipitation, there may be mentioned a method of drying under reduced pressure after solvent precipitation using ethanol, acetone or the like.

<Production of lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction>
The charging ratio between the hydroxyl group-containing compound and the fatty acid is not particularly limited, but when a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol or glycerin is used, it is preferable to select an amount that does not remain as much as possible after the esterification reaction. This is preferable because adverse effects such as lipase becoming damped after the esterification reaction can be avoided.
Specifically, it is preferable that 30% or more of the fatty acid molar ratio is present with respect to the alcohol residue of the hydroxyl group-containing compound, more preferably 50 to 1000%, still more preferably 50 to 500. %, And most preferably 50-350%.
In the present invention, the amount of the lipase used in the esterification reaction is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, based on the total mass of the hydroxyl group-containing compound and fatty acid that are the esterification reaction raw materials. Preferably, 1-20 mass% is the most preferable. Use of lipase within this range is preferable because workability is further improved from the viewpoint of physical properties such as viscosity of the mixture of the esterification reaction raw material and lipase.

In the present invention, the esterification reaction is preferably performed while dehydrating under normal pressure or an environment that reaches a reduced pressure of about 10 hPa from normal pressure.
Although the reaction temperature of esterification reaction is not specifically limited, 20-80 degreeC is preferable and 30-60 degreeC is more preferable. This is because within this temperature range, the esterification reaction proceeds more rapidly, and the lipase inactivation is less likely to occur.

The timing for terminating the esterification reaction can be determined by the degree of esterification, and the degree depends on the type of the hydroxyl group-containing compound used as a raw material.
When using monoalcohol as a raw material, it is preferable to carry out until 30% mol or more of raw material monoalcohol is esterified. The degree of esterification of the monoalcohol can be determined from the peak area% of the monoester reacted with the used monoalcohol by collecting the reaction solution during the esterification reaction and conducting GC analysis.
When polyhydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol partial ester is used as a raw material, the degree of esterification can be examined by collecting the reaction solution during the esterification reaction and measuring the average degree of esterification of the hydroxyl group-containing compound. When the desired average degree of esterification is reached, the esterification reaction is terminated.
In the case of using a polyhydric alcohol as a raw material, the esterification reaction preferably has an average degree of esterification of 1 or more. This is because by setting the average degree of esterification to 1 or more, the remaining polyhydric alcohol as a raw material can be further reduced.
When using a polyhydric alcohol partial ester as a raw material, it is preferable to use a raw material having an average degree of esterification of about 1-2. In the esterification reaction, the average esterification degree of the esterified product is preferably set to a value that is 0.3 or more larger than the esterification degree of the raw material.
In order to obtain the average degree of esterification of the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction, for example, when glycerin is used as the hydroxyl group-containing compound, the obtained lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange is trimethylsilylated (TMS). GC analysis can be carried out from the peak area% of each glyceride (glycerin, monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride). After the reaction, if the triglyceride content is 100% based on the total of each glyceride, the average degree of esterification of the glycerin ester by the esterification reaction is 3.

In this invention, the process of adding a filter aid and / or an immobilization support | carrier can be further included before esterification reaction, during esterification reaction, or after esterification reaction. It is preferable to add a filter aid and / or an immobilization support after the esterification reaction. It is preferable to add a filter aid and / or an immobilization carrier because the filtration treatment can be performed smoothly after the esterification reaction or the functional group exchange reaction described later.
Usable filter aids and / or immobilization carriers include anion exchange resin, phenol adsorption resin, hydrophobic carrier, cation exchange resin, chelate resin, acrylic resin, nylon resin, silica gel, celite, cellulose, starch, dextrin , Activated carbon, activated clay, kaolin, bentonite, talc, sand and the like. Of these, silica gel, celite, and cellulose are preferable.

The filter aid and / or the immobilization carrier that can be used before, during, or during the esterification reaction is preferably added in an amount of 10 to 10000% by mass, and added in an amount of 50 to 1000% by mass with respect to the lipase mass. It is most preferable to add an amount of 75 to 500% by mass. This is because when the amount is within this range, the burden during filtration becomes smaller and large-scale filtration equipment is not required.
The lipase content in the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention is preferably higher because it is used for the functional group exchange reaction later. Specifically, the lipase content in the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 99% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and 20 to 70%. Most preferred is mass%.
In order to produce the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention, a filter aid or an immobilization carrier can be used. In this case, the total amount of the lipase and the filter aid and / or the immobilization carrier in the resulting lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction (hereinafter also referred to as solid content) is the total mass of the composition. As a reference, the amount is preferably 0.1 to 99% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and most preferably 20 to 70% by mass.
The content of the unreacted hydroxyl group-containing compound and fatty acid (unreacted raw material) and esterified product in the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention is preferably 1 to 99.9% by mass. It is still more preferable that it is mass%, and it is most preferable that it is 30-80 mass%.
Before the esterification reaction, 0.01 to 10% by mass of water can be added with respect to the total mass of the hydroxyl group-containing compound and the fatty acid. This is preferable because the reaction rate at the start of the esterification reaction can be further increased and the lipase activity can be further improved.
As an example of a particularly preferable production method of the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention, a fatty acid derived from vegetable oil mainly comprising 1 mol of glycerin and 18 carbon atoms is charged in an amount of 2 to 3 times mol of glycerin. The method of making it react so that the average esterification degree after reaction of the obtained lipase containing composition for functional group exchange may become 1-3.

<Purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction>
The lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to the present invention comprises the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction from an ester, an amide, a compound having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule, and a hydrolyzate thereof. It can refine | purify by the method including the process wash | cleaned by the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types chosen from the group which consists of.
The lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention may contain an unreacted hydroxyl group-containing compound, a fatty acid, and an esterified product obtained by an esterification reaction as described above. In view of preventing impurities from being mixed into the reaction system when the functional group exchange reaction is performed using the containing composition, it is more preferable to remove them by filtration or the like.
Removal of the unreacted hydroxyl group-containing compound, fatty acid, and esterified product can be performed, for example, by subjecting the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention to treatment such as natural filtration, suction filtration, and pressure filtration. it can.
For washing, one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, compounds having ester bonds and amide bonds in the molecule, and hydrolysates thereof are used for the functional group exchange reaction of the present invention. After adding and mixing the lipase-containing composition, heating can be performed as necessary, and filtration can be performed in a liquid state. The washing can be performed before or after the removal step of the unreacted raw material and esterified product, but is preferably performed after the removal step.
Furthermore, it is preferable to include a step of adding a filter aid and / or an immobilization carrier.

<Ester, amide, compound having ester bond and amide bond in molecule, and hydrolyzate thereof>
Examples of the ester include carboxylic acid ester, sulfonic acid ester, carbonic acid ester, sulfuric acid ester, and phosphoric acid ester.
Examples of amides include carboxylic acid amides and sulfonic acid amides.
Examples of the compound having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule include esterification and amidation products such as hydroxycarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, and amino alcohol.
Examples of hydrolyzate of ester, hydrolyzate of amide, and hydrolyzate of compound having ester bond and amide bond in the molecule include, for example, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, alcohol, thioalcohol, amine, hydroxycarboxylic acid , Aminocarboxylic acid, amino alcohol and the like.
It is preferred that the ester is a carboxylic acid ester.
One type or two or more types selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, compounds having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule, and their hydrolysates used for washing are mixed into the reaction system. In order to prevent this, it is desirable to be a reaction raw material for a functional group exchange reaction performed using a purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction.

<Carboxylic acid ester>
Examples of carboxylic acid esters include aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Examples of aliphatic carboxylic acid esters include fatty acid esters of monoalcohol and fatty acid, and fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid. . The carboxylic acid ester is preferably a fatty acid ester. These 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used. These can use a commercial item.
Specific examples of fatty acid esters of monoalcohols and fatty acids include monofatty acid monoalkyl esters and monofatty acid plant sterol esters.
Examples of fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids include esters in which fatty acids are esterified to all hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohols, and partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids. Examples of esters in which fatty acids are esterified to all hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohols include various fats and oils described later, trifatty acid glycerides having branched fatty acids, difatty acid propylene glycol, and fatty acid esters of sorbitols. Examples of the partial ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid include monofatty acid glycerides, difatty acid glycerides, monofatty acid propylene glycol, and fatty acid partial esters of sorbitols.

Specific examples of fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids include vegetable oils and animal fats, oils and fats obtained by hydrogenating or processing these, and synthetic triglycerides, and one or more of these are used. be able to.
As vegetable oils and fats, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, and oils of these hyolein varieties, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rice oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, palm oil, fractionated oil of palm oil, Examples include palm kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil, camellia oil, cacao butter, shea butter, monkey butter, and iripe fat.
Examples of animal fats include fish oil, beef tallow, and pork tallow.
Synthetic triglycerides include those in general circulation such as tri-medium chain fatty acid glycerides and triglycerides in which the constituent fatty acids are composed of medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids. Here, the tri medium chain fatty acid glyceride is a tri fatty acid glyceride which is a medium chain fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acid. For example, trioctanoic acid glyceride, tridecanoic acid glyceride, monodecanoic acid dioctanoic acid glyceride, mono Octaic acid didecanoic acid glycerides can also be used. Moreover, the triglyceride which a constituent fatty acid consists of a medium chain fatty acid and a long chain fatty acid means a triglyceride which uses a medium chain fatty acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a long chain fatty acid having 13 to 30 carbon atoms as a constituent fatty acid.

<Carboxylic acid>
As the carboxylic acid, an aliphatic carboxylic acid or an aromatic carboxylic acid can be used, and examples of the aliphatic carboxylic acid include fatty acids.
Examples of the fatty acid include fatty acids that can be used in the esterification reaction described above. Among these, a C6-C30 linear saturated fatty acid or a linear unsaturated fatty acid is preferable, for example, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and Linolenic acid etc. are mentioned, These can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.

<Alcohol>
Examples of the alcohol include monoalcohols and polyhydric alcohols that can be used for the esterification reaction described above. Among these, octanol, oleyl alcohol, propylene glycol and glycerin are preferable, and glycerin is particularly preferable.

The lipase content contained in the purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction is preferably higher because it is used later for the functional group exchange reaction. Specifically, it is preferably 0.1 to 99% by mass based on the total amount of the composition, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and most preferably 20 to 70% by mass. .
In the case where the purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention contains a filter aid or an immobilizing carrier, the lipase and the filter aid in the resulting lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction and / or Alternatively, the total amount with the immobilization carrier (hereinafter also referred to as solid content) is preferably an amount that is 0.1 to 99% by mass based on the total mass of the composition, and is 10 to 80% by mass. % Is more preferable, and 20 to 70% by mass is most preferable.
The content of unreacted hydroxyl group-containing compound and fatty acid (unreacted raw material) and esterified product, ester used in washing, amide, compound having ester bond and amide bond in the molecule, and hydrolyzate thereof The total amount is preferably 1 to 99.9% by mass in the purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and 30 to 80% by mass. Most preferred. And it is especially preferable that the content of the unreacted hydroxyl group-containing compound, fatty acid (unreacted raw material), and esterified product is 0% by mass in the purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction.
One or two or more selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, compounds having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule, and hydrolysates thereof are used later for the composition of the present invention. Although it may be the same as or different from the raw material used for the functional group exchange reaction carried out in the presence of the product, it is preferably the same in consideration of mixing of impurities into the reaction system.

<Method for producing functional group exchange reaction product>
Next, the manufacturing method of the functional group exchange reaction product of this invention is demonstrated.
Since the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction and the purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention exhibit or improve the functional group exchange reaction activity of the lipase contained therein, the functional group exchange When used in the reaction, a functional group exchange reaction product can be efficiently obtained.
The functional group exchange reaction is preferably a transesterification reaction.
The raw material for the functional group exchange reaction is one or two or more selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, compounds having ester bonds and amide bonds in the molecule, and hydrolysates thereof. What was demonstrated previously as what can be used for washing | cleaning of the lipase containing composition for exchange reaction can be used. As such a raw material, it is preferable to use the same material as that used for cleaning the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction. Hereinafter, functional group exchange reactions performed using these as raw materials will be described with examples.

  The transesterification reaction includes a reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a carboxylic acid ester, a reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a carboxylic acid, a reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and an alcohol, a reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a thioalcohol, a fatty acid ester and an amine. Reaction with sulfonic acid ester and sulfonic acid ester, reaction between sulfonic acid ester and sulfonic acid, reaction between sulfonic acid ester and alcohol, reaction between sulfonic acid ester and thioalcohol, sulfonic acid ester and amine Reaction, reaction of carboxylic acid ester and sulfonic acid ester, reaction of carboxylic acid ester and carboxylic acid amide, and the like. The reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a carboxylic acid amide can also be classified as an amide exchange reaction.

Examples of the transesterification reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a carboxylic acid ester include a reaction between a fatty acid ester and a fatty acid ester, a reaction between a fatty acid thioester and a fatty acid thioester, and a reaction between a fatty acid ester and a fatty acid thioester. Specific examples of the reaction between the fatty acid ester and the fatty acid ester include a transesterification reaction using one or more oils and fats as raw materials.
Examples of the transesterification reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a carboxylic acid include a reaction (acidolysis reaction) between a fatty acid ester and a fatty acid. Examples of the transesterification reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and an alcohol include, for example, a fatty acid ester and an alkyl. Examples include a reaction with an alcohol (an alcoholysis reaction), and a transesterification reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a thioalcohol includes a transesterification reaction between a fatty acid ester and a thioalcohol.
Examples of the transesterification reaction between a sulfonic acid ester and a sulfonic acid ester include a reaction between an alkyl sulfonic acid ester and an alkyl sulfonic acid ester. Examples of the transesterification reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a sulfonic acid ester include, for example, fatty acids. Reaction of ester and alkylsulfonic acid ester is mentioned.

The amide exchange reaction includes a reaction between a carboxylic acid amide and a carboxylic acid amide, a reaction between a carboxylic acid amide and a carboxylic acid, a reaction between a carboxylic acid amide and an alcohol, a reaction between a carboxylic acid amide and a thioalcohol, and a sulfonic acid amide. Reaction with sulfonic acid amide, Reaction between sulfonic acid amide and sulfonic acid, Reaction between sulfonic acid amide and alcohol, Reaction between sulfonic acid amide and thioalcohol, Reaction of carboxylic acid amide and sulfonic acid amide, and Carboxylic acid ester And the reaction of carboxylic acid amide. The reaction between a carboxylic acid ester and a carboxylic acid amide can also be classified as a transesterification reaction.
Examples of the amide exchange reaction between a carboxylic acid amide and a carboxylic acid amide include a reaction between a fatty acid amide and a fatty acid amide.

  In the transesterification and transamidation reactions, compounds having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule, such as esterification and amidation products of hydroxycarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, aminoalcohol and the like, are used as raw materials. Examples include a reaction in which an ester exchange and an amide exchange reaction are performed between molecules to obtain a compound having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule. Furthermore, a compound having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule can be subjected to an ester exchange and an amide exchange reaction with a compound selected from carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, alcohol, thioalcohol, amine and the like.

Among the examples mentioned above, the functional group exchange reaction includes a transesterification reaction that obtains a fatty acid ester from a fatty acid ester and a fatty acid ester, a transesterification reaction that obtains a fatty acid ester from a fatty acid ester and an alcohol, or a fatty acid ester and a fatty acid. It is preferable that there is any transesterification reaction to obtain a fatty acid ester using as a raw material. Furthermore, among these, it is more preferable to produce transesterified fats and oils by transesterifying one or more of the fats and oils that are fatty acid esters.
Furthermore, it is preferable to include a step of adding 1000% by mass or less of water to the total amount of lipase in the functional group exchange reaction lipase-containing composition or the purified functional group exchange reaction lipase-containing composition. This is because the functional group exchange reaction activity is further improved.

  The functional group exchange reaction product refers to an ester and / or amide obtained by a functional group exchange reaction, such as a carboxylic acid ester, a sulfonic acid ester, a carboxylic acid amide, a sulfonic acid amide, a carbonic acid ester, a sulfuric acid ester, and Phosphate ester etc. are mentioned. More specifically, fatty acid esters (for example, transesterified fats and oils), fatty acid thioesters, alkyl sulfonic acid esters, fatty acid amides, alkyl sulfonic acid amides and the like can be mentioned.

Various conditions of the functional group exchange reaction of the present invention are not particularly limited, but the amount of the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction or the purified lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of the present invention used for the functional group exchange reaction is , 0.05 to the total mass of the raw materials, that is, one or more selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, compounds having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule, and hydrolysates thereof. It is preferable that it is 200 mass%. Further, the temperature of the functional group exchange reaction is preferably 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably 2 to 50 hours.
When the functional group exchange reaction is a transesterification reaction, the amount of the lipase-containing composition for transesterification or the purified lipase-containing composition for transesterification is the amount of lipase in the composition or the purified composition. The amount is preferably 0.05 to 100% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the raw material. Most preferred is an amount.

<Method for expressing or improving lipase activity>
In the present invention, as described above, the lipase activity is expressed by reacting a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester with a fatty acid in the presence of lipase, or The hydroxyl group-containing compound and the fatty acid ester are hydrolyzed with a lipase having no functional group exchange reaction activity or low activity, and then the hydroxyl group-containing compound and the fatty acid produced by hydrolysis are lipased. It can also be expressed or improved by an esterification reaction.
Specifically, lipase and water are added to esters in which fatty acids are esterified to all hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohols, or partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids, and hydrolyzed at 20 to 80 ° C., if necessary. By adding a filter aid and / or an immobilization carrier and subjecting it to an esterification reaction between a hydroxyl group-containing compound and a fatty acid at 20 to 80 ° C. while dehydrating under reduced pressure, the functional group exchange reaction activity of lipase is expressed or improved. be able to.
EXAMPLES Next, an Example demonstrates this invention in detail.

Example 1
To a well-dried reactor equipped with a stirrer, 2.6 g of glycerin and 17.4 g of oleic acid (reagent, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (feed molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 2.2) were added. While stirring, 0.2 g of lipase (trade name: Lipase F-AP15, manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) and cellulose as a filter aid (trade name: KC Flock, Nippon Paper Chemicals) 0.2 g) was added.
The temperature in the reaction vessel was maintained at 40 ° C. for 3 hours using a water bath, and then the pressure was reduced using a vacuum pump to remove water produced by the reaction. In order to remove water efficiently, the degree of vacuum is initially maintained at 40 hPa. When the amount of water coming out decreases, the water temperature is increased to 45 ° C., and the degree of vacuum is gradually reduced from 40 hPa, and finally 20 hPa. The pressure was reduced to.
The reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction, and a lipase-containing composition 1 for transesterification was obtained. The average degree of esterification of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 1 was 1.8.
Here, the average degree of esterification of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 1 was obtained by GC analysis of the obtained transesterified lipase-containing composition 1 having been converted to TMS (trimethylsilylated), and each glyceride (glycerin, monoglyceride, It was determined from the peak area% of diglyceride and triglyceride).
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 1 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), unreacted raw materials and esterification products are removed, and further, raw material fats for transesterification reaction (Oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil at a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 8 g, and purified lipase-containing composition A for transesterification (solid content of about 1.2 g of 33.3 mass%) was obtained.
The GC analysis was performed under the conditions of column temperature: initial 50 ° C., temperature increase 15 ° C./min., And final 370 ° C. The GC analysis conditions were similarly used in the following Examples 2 to 8.

Example 2
Add 2.3 g of glycerin and 17.7 g of oleic acid (reagent, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (charge molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 2.5) to a well-dried reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer. While stirring, 0.3 g of lipase (trade name: Lipase F-AP15, manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) and cellulose as a filter aid (trade name: KC Flock, Japan) 0.6 g of Paper Chemical Co., Ltd. was added.
Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, the reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction, and a lipase-containing composition 2 for transesterification was obtained. The average degree of esterification of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 2 was 2.2.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 2 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), unreacted raw materials and esterified products are removed, and further, raw material fats for transesterification reaction (Oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 10 g, purified lipase-containing composition B for transesterification (about solid content) 42.9% by mass) was obtained.

Example 3
Add 0.6 g of glycerin and 4.4 g of oleic acid (reagent, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (feed molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 2.5) to a well-dried reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer. While stirring, lipase (trade name: Lipase F-AP15, Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) 0.1 g (corresponding to 2% by mass of reaction raw material), cellulose as a filter aid (trade name: KC Flock, Nippon Paper Chemicals) 0.5 g) was added.
Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, the reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction, and a lipase-containing composition 3 for transesterification was obtained. The average degree of esterification of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 3 was 1.9.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 3 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), the unreacted raw material and the esterified product are removed, and further, the raw material fat for the transesterification reaction (Oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil at a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 6 g, purified lipase-containing composition C for transesterification (solid content of about 66.7% by mass) was obtained.

Example 4
Add 0.6 g of glycerin and 4.4 g of oleic acid (reagent, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (feed molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 2.5) to a well-dried reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer. While stirring, lipase (trade name: Lipase F-AP15, Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) 0.1 g (corresponding to 2% by mass of the reaction raw material), Celite (trade name: RocaHelp, Mitsui Metal Mining Co., Ltd.) 0.5 g) was added.
Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, the reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction, and a lipase-containing composition 4 for transesterification was obtained. The average transesterification degree of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 4 was 1.9.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 4 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), the unreacted raw material and the esterified product are removed, and further, the raw material fat for the transesterification reaction (Oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 6 g, purified lipase-containing composition D for transesterification (solid content of about 1.1 g of 54.5% by mass) was obtained.

Example 5
To a well-dried reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, add 10 g of glycerin and 100 g of oleic acid (reagent, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (feed molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 3) and powder while stirring. 1 g of lipase (corresponding to 1% by mass of the reaction raw material) was added. The powder lipase used was a product manufactured by Novozymes, Palatase 20000L, which was pulverized after membrane filtration using spray drying.
The temperature in the reaction vessel was maintained at 40 ° C. for 3 hours using a water bath, and then the pressure was reduced using a vacuum pump to remove water produced by the reaction. In order to remove water efficiently, the degree of vacuum is initially maintained at 40 hPa, and when the amount of water coming out decreases, the water temperature is increased to 45 ° C., and the degree of vacuum is gradually reduced from 40 hPa. Was reduced to 55 h and reduced to 20 hPa.
After stopping the reaction after 46 hours from the start of the reaction, 1 g of cellulose (trade name: KC Flock, manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was added as a filter aid to obtain a lipase-containing composition 5 for transesterification. The average transesterification degree of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 5 was 2.4.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 5 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), unreacted raw materials and esterified products are removed, and further, raw material fats for transesterification reaction (Oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 20 g, purified lipase-containing composition E for transesterification (about solid content) 5.6g of 35.7 mass%) was obtained.

Example 6
In a well-stirred reaction vessel with a stirrer, 0.6 g of glycerin, 4.4 g of oleic acid (reagent, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (feed molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 2.5), and 0.05 g of water (corresponding to 1% by mass of the reaction raw material) was added, 0.25 g of powder lipase (corresponding to 5% by mass of the reaction raw material) with stirring, and cellulose (trade name: KC floc, 0.5 g of Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd. was added. The powder lipase used was a product manufactured by Novozymes, Lipozyme TL 100L, which was pulverized after membrane filtration using spray drying.
Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, the reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction, and a lipase-containing composition 6 for transesterification was obtained. The average transesterification degree of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 6 was 2.1.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 6 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), unreacted raw materials and esterified products are removed, and further, raw material fats and oils for transesterification reaction (Fat and oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 8 g, purified lipase-containing composition F for transesterification (solid content of about 41.7% by weight) was obtained.

Example 7
In a well-stirred reaction vessel with a stirrer, 0.6 g of glycerin, 4.4 g of oleic acid (reagent, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (feed molar ratio; glycerin: fatty acid = 1: 2.5), and 0.1 g of water (corresponding to 2% by mass of the reaction raw material) was added, and 0.25 g (corresponding to 1.5% by mass of the reaction raw material) of lipase (trade name: Lipase D, manufactured by Amano Enzyme) with stirring. Then, 0.5 g of cellulose (trade name: KC Flock, manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was added as a filter aid.
Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, the reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction, and a lipase-containing composition 7 for transesterification was obtained. The average degree of esterification of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 7 was 1.8.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 7 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), unreacted raw materials and esterification products are removed, and further, raw material fats for transesterification reaction (Oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil in a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) Washed and filtered with 8 g, purified lipase-containing composition G for transesterification (solid content of about 1.5 g of 23.3 mass%) was obtained.

Example 8
In a well-dried reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, 0.1 g of lipase (trade name: Lipase D, manufactured by Amano Enzyme) (dissolved in 0.5% by mass of the reaction raw material) is dissolved in 1.6 ml of ion-exchanged water and added. While stirring, 20 g of hyolein sunflower oil was added. After maintaining the temperature in the reaction vessel at 40 ° C. using a water bath and performing a hydrolysis reaction for 3 hours, 0.5 g of cellulose (trade name: KC Flock, manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was added as a filter aid. . As a result, the average degree of esterification of the partial ester was 2.0. Thereafter, the pressure was reduced using a vacuum pump to remove water in the reaction vessel and water produced by the esterification reaction. In order to remove water efficiently, the degree of vacuum is initially maintained at 40 hPa. When the amount of water coming out decreases, the water temperature is increased to 45 ° C., and the degree of vacuum is gradually reduced from 40 hPa, and finally 20 hPa. The pressure was reduced to. The reaction was stopped 24 hours after the start of the reaction to obtain a transesterified lipase-containing composition 8. The average transesterification degree of the transesterified lipase-containing composition 8 was 2.5.
By filtering the total amount of the obtained lipase-containing composition 8 for transesterification using a quantitative filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd.), unreacted raw materials and esterification products are removed, and further, raw materials for transesterification reactions Lipase-containing composition H for transesterification purified by washing and filtering with 10 g of oil (oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil at a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves) 1 g of about 60% by mass) was obtained.

Example 9
Various powdered lipases and the transesterified lipase-containing composition obtained in Examples 1 to 8 were used for fat transesterification to obtain a powdered lipase and a purified esterified lipase-containing lipase-containing composition. The exchange activity ability was examined.
As a raw material for the transesterification reaction, a fat and oil obtained by mixing trioctanoic acid glyceride: hyolein sunflower oil at a mass ratio of 1: 1 and drying with molecular sieves (hereinafter referred to as a transesterification raw material fat) was used.
The transesterification reaction of fats and oils was carried out by first charging the transesterification raw material fats and oils and various powdered lipases or purified transesterification lipase-containing compositions into a reaction vessel and reacting at 60 ° C. In addition, 3-5 mass% of powdery lipase is used with respect to transesterification raw material fats and oils, and the refined lipase containing composition for transesterification has a lipase content of the composition of 0. An amount of 25-2% by mass was used.
Next, the production rate of the monooleic acid substitution product produced by the transesterification reaction was determined from the following formula, and the reaction rate constant K was calculated.

Production rate of monooleic acid substitution product (%) =
{Monooleic acid substitution product / (trioctanoic acid glyceride + monooleic acid substitution product)} × 100

Specifically, among the values of area% of the peak from trioctanoic acid glyceride to trioleic acid glyceride obtained by GC analysis, area% of trioctanoic acid glyceride and dioctanoic acid monooleic acid glyceride (monooleic acid substitution product) From the above formula, the production rate of the monooleic acid substitution product was calculated.
The GC analysis was performed under the conditions of column temperature: initial 50 ° C., temperature increase 15 ° C./min., And final 370 ° C.
By inputting the value of the production rate (%) of the monooleic acid substitution product at several reaction times from the start of the reaction to the end of the reaction into the analysis software (Origin Ver.6.1), the reaction rate constant of the transesterification reaction ( K).
Reaction rate constants (reaction rate constants per lipase) for various powdered lipases and reaction rate constants K (reaction rate constants per lipase) based on the lipase contained in the purified lipase-containing composition for transesterification are expressed as K1. Calculated as
Here, since it is difficult to directly measure the lipase content in the purified transesterified lipase-containing composition necessary for calculating K1, the lipase mass used as a raw material for the purified transesterified lipase-containing composition is Calculated using That is, for the purified lipase-containing composition for transesterification obtained in Examples 1 to 8, since the lipase content contained therein is known, the purified ester obtained in Examples 1 to 8 The lipase content in the purified lipase-containing composition for transesterification used in the reaction was calculated from the ratio of the lipase-containing composition for exchange. For example, if ½ amount of the purified transesterified lipase-containing composition obtained in Example 1 is used in the transesterification reaction, the purified lipase-containing lipase content in the purified transesterified lipase-containing composition is 0.2 g. This is 0.1 g which is a half of the amount.

The total amount of the lipase and the filter aid or the immobilization carrier in the purified lipase-containing composition for transesterification, that is, the reaction rate constant K (reaction rate constant per solid content) with respect to the solid content was defined as K2.
Furthermore, it was investigated whether or not the transesterification activity ability was further improved by supplying water to a purified transesterification lipase-containing composition having enhanced transesterification ability.
That is, a transesterification raw material fat and oil, a purified transesterification lipase-containing composition, and water were charged in a reaction vessel, reacted at 60 ° C., and based on the purified lipase contained in the transesterification lipase-containing composition. The reaction rate constant K (reaction rate constant per lipase) was defined as K3. In addition, the numerical value in the bracket | parenthesis of K3 item is the quantity (mass%) of the water added at the time of transesterification, and shows the quantity of the water with respect to the lipase content contained in the refine | purified lipase containing composition used.
Table 1 shows the obtained results of K1, K2, and K3.
In addition, it was confirmed that the transesterified fats and oils obtained by the transesterification reaction of fats and oils using the purified transesterified lipase-containing compositions of Examples 1 to 8 were sufficiently transesterified from the composition at the time of GC analysis. did it.

As is apparent from the results in Table 1, even if each commercially available or prepared powdered lipase is used as it is in the transesterification reaction, K1 is low, so that it is not suitable for use in the transesterification. On the other hand, the purified transesterification lipase-containing composition of the present invention has a reaction rate constant K1 per lipase that is about 13 to 270 times higher than K1 of each powdery lipase, and has a very high transesterification ability. It was found to have
Moreover, it turns out that the reaction rate constant K2 per solid content is about 5-45 times the value compared with K1 of each powdery lipase. In other words, it was found that the effect was high even when compared with the solid content, and it could be used practically.
Furthermore, it has been found that the transesterification ability of the reaction rate constant K3 per lipase when water is added to cause a transesterification reaction is further improved as compared with K1 when water is not added.

Claims (20)

  A lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction obtained by esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester in the presence of lipase and a fatty acid.   In the presence of lipase, a functional group including a step of esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester and a fatty acid to obtain a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction A method for producing a lipase-containing composition for group exchange reaction.   The lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction is a lipase-containing composition for transesterification reaction, a lipase-containing composition for amide exchange reaction, or a lipase-containing composition for transesterification and amide exchange reaction. A method for producing a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction.   Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the lipase containing composition for functional group exchange reactions of Claim 2 or 3 including the process of adding a filter aid and / or an immobilization support | carrier.   Furthermore, after the said esterification reaction, manufacture of the lipase containing composition for functional group exchange reactions of any one of Claims 2-4 including the process of removing an unreacted hydroxyl-containing compound, a fatty acid, and esterification thing. Method.   Furthermore, prior to the esterification reaction, polyhydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol partial ester is obtained by hydrolyzing an ester in which fatty acid is esterified to all hydroxyl groups of polyhydric alcohol, or a partial ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid. The manufacturing method of the lipase containing composition for functional group exchange reactions of any one of Claims 2-5 including the process to obtain.   The hydroxyl group-containing compound is a polyhydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol partial ester, and the polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyhydric alcohol or the polyhydric alcohol partial ester is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin, The method for producing a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to any one of claims 2 to 6, which is selected from the group consisting of sorbitols, sucrose and trimethylolpropane.   The method for producing a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the fatty acid is a fatty acid obtained by hydrolyzing vegetable fats and oils.   The production of the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the lipase is selected from the group consisting of lipases derived from Rhizomucor miehei, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus delemar. Method. Further, the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction may be one or more selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, compounds having ester bonds and amide bonds in the molecule, and hydrolysates thereof. Washing with things;
The manufacturing method of the lipase containing composition for functional group exchange reaction of any one of Claims 2-9 containing this.   The method for producing a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to claim 10, wherein the ester is a carboxylic acid ester.   The method for producing a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to claim 11, wherein the carboxylic acid ester is a fatty acid ester.   The fatty acid ester is sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, fats and oils of these hyolein varieties, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rice oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, palm oil, fractionated oil of palm oil, palm Kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil, camellia oil, cacao butter, shea butter, monkey butter, iripe fat, fish oil, beef tallow, pork tallow, tri medium chain fatty acid glycerides, and triglycerides consisting of medium and long chain fatty acids The method for producing a lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to claim 12, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of:   In the presence of the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction according to claim 1 or the lipase-containing composition for functional group exchange reaction obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 2 to 13, an ester, an amide, Functional group exchange reaction generation, including a step of performing a functional group exchange reaction using one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds having an ester bond and an amide bond in the molecule, and a hydrolyzate thereof. Manufacturing method. The method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product according to claim 14, wherein the functional group exchange reaction is an ester exchange reaction, an amide exchange reaction, or an ester exchange and amide exchange reaction.   The method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the raw material ester is a carboxylic acid ester.   The method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product according to claim 16, wherein the carboxylic acid ester of the raw material is a fatty acid ester.   The fatty acid ester of the raw material is sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, oils of these hyolein varieties, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rice oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, palm oil, palm oil , Palm kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, camellia oil, cacao butter, shea butter, monkey butter, iripe fat, fish oil, beef tallow, pork butter, tri medium chain fatty acid glycerides, and constituent fatty acids from medium and long chain fatty acids The method for producing a functional group exchange reaction product according to claim 17, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of triglycerides.   Furthermore, the manufacturing method of any one of Claims 14-18 including the process of adding 1000 mass% or less water with respect to the whole quantity of the lipase in the lipase containing composition for the said functional group exchange reaction.   A method for expressing or improving the functional group exchange reaction activity of lipase, comprising a step of esterifying a hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol partial ester and fatty acid in the presence of lipase .