JP2006321891A - Lead-free light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicle improved in octane value and method for preparing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lead-free light hydrocarbon fuel for a vehicle, improved in an octane value. <P>SOLUTION: This light hydrocarbon fuel for the vehicle is prepared by adding (2) a lead-free antiknock agent, such as methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, dehydrated methanol, and dehydrated ethanol, and (3) 0.001-0.04 pt.wt. of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant (of fluoroalkylamine quaternary ammonium salt type, perfluoroalkylamide quaternary amine salt, or fluoroalkylamine salt type) to (1) 100 pts.wt. of a pentane fraction of light hydrocarbons, and further, if necessary, adding (4) a fluoroalkyl group-containing ether alcohol nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant thereto and mixing therewith. The octane value of the light hydrocarbon fuel is improved to be 90 or more. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a light hydrocarbon fuel for a vehicle and a method for preparing the same, and more particularly to a light hydrocarbon fuel oil containing pentane and a pentane mixture. The fuel oil improves its octane number (RON) by adding a lead-free anti-knock agent and a specific cationic fluorocarbon surfactant and / or nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, and increases combustion efficiency. New energy for automobiles that meets environmental protection requirements such as automobile emission standards.

The light hydrocarbon is usually a paraffinic hydrocarbon containing ₅ to ₆ carbon atoms (or C ₅ to C ₆ ), and its main component mainly contains 5 carbon atoms (C ₅ ). The chemical name is pentane. There are three types of isomers in pentane, mainly consisting of normal pentane and pentane isomers. The normal pentane has a research octane number (RON) of 61.8, the pentane isomer has a research octane number (RON) of 93, and the pentane contained in all refineries and by-products of natural gas and oil gas processing plants is normal. It is a mixture of pentane and pentane isomers, and its octane number ranges from 70 to 80. For example, for a mixture of by-products from a refinery, a normal pentane fraction containing 5 carbon atoms ≦ 50% and its octane number (RON) range is usually 75 to 78, derived from a natural gas / oil gas processing plant For the mixture of by-products, the normal pentane fraction containing 5 carbon atoms ≦ 30%, isopentane ≦ 60%, C ₄ and C ₆ are each 5%, and the octane number (RON) range is usually 80-84. It is.
A conventional automobile engine is a carburetor type, and the range of engine ignition advance using a distributor ignition system is 6 ° to 9 °, and the compression ratio is low. When using low octane (RON) fuel, the ignition timing can be adjusted, but the thermal efficiency is low, fuel consumption increases, and the output decreases.

With constant advances in the automotive industry, high compression ratio electronically controlled injection engines are completely replacing carburetor and distributor-ignited engines, but the use of low octane (RON) fuels is normal for these engines. Only a light hydrocarbon fuel having an octane number (RON) of 90 or more can be used.
Petroleum straight-run light hydrocarbon fractions generally have a very low octane number (RON) and therefore often cannot reach the octane number (RON) level required by gasoline standards. In order to improve the octane number (RON) of gasoline, a method of adding tetraethyl lead as an anti-explosive agent (anti-knock agent) has been adopted, but this method has been widely adopted since the 30s of the 20th century. It is an economical and effective means.
However, tetraethyl lead is a toxic poison, and lead-containing exhaust gas generated by combustion is also a major cause of atmospheric lead pollution. Environmental lead enters the human body through the respiratory system and the food chain, increasing the concentration of lead in the human blood. Accumulation of high lead content gradually damages the human kidneys and nerves. Many studies have shown that the concentration of blood lead in the body of large city residents is closely related to the amount of lead-containing gasoline used. Therefore, it is inevitable to gradually reduce the amount of lead added in gasoline and gradually spread the use of unleaded fuel.
Therefore, how to improve, improve the octane number (RON) of pentane of light hydrocarbon fuel, and adopt lead-free anti-knock agent, reduce the main source of lead pollution in the air environment and improve human health The issue for related industries is how to prevent infringement.

According to page 125 of “Petrochemicals” (Jin Shazhou, Xu Wakahen) published in January 1993 by China East China University of Technology, alcohols have a relatively high octane number (RON), for example 130 for methanol, ethanol However, the water solubility of these alcohols, the low net heat of combustion, and the high heat of vaporization are all disadvantageous factors in practical application. Therefore, there are still many factors to be considered in using methanol or ethanol as a component for improving the octane number (RON) of a light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles, and there is no choice but to wait for a future solution.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,468,233 discloses increasing the octane number (RON) and reducing the proportion of pollutants in the exhaust with an alkyl tertiary butyl ether containing vehicle fuel. This prior art vehicle fuel does not disclose any effect of reducing carbon deposits on the internal combustion engine system even when the pollution source in the exhaust is reduced as an unleaded fuel. This carbon deposit in the internal combustion engine system reduces the combustion efficiency of the fuel and shortens the service life of the engine.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,468,233 JP 2000-183679 A JP 2000-504695 A

  A main object of the present invention is to provide a light hydrocarbon fuel for a vehicle and a method for preparing the same, which can solve the above problems. In particular, light hydrocarbon fuel oils containing a mixture of pentane and pentane isomers are provided. A lead-free explosion-proof agent (anti-knock agent) and a specific cationic fluorocarbon surfactant are added to the light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to the present invention, and a nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is added if necessary. As well as improving the octane number (RON), the combustion efficiency is increased and environmental protection requirements are met.

In order to achieve the above-described problems, a method for preparing a light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to the present invention includes: (a) a product obtained by catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon that is a by-product of a refinery, or a natural gas / oil gas; condensate, light hydrocarbons C ₅ fraction obtained by distillation of hydrocarbon (light hydrocarbon pentane fractions) in 100 parts by weight, 1 to 15 parts by weight of methyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, anhydrous A step of preparing a mixture having an octane number (RON) of 90 or more by sufficiently mixing methanol or anhydrous ethanol as a lead-free antiknock agent; (b) further adding 0.001 to 0.00 in the mixture of the step (a). 04 parts by weight of fluoroalkylamine quaternary ammonium salt type, perfluoroalkylamide quaternary amine salt type or fluoroalkyl group amine salt type cationic The process comprises adding a fluorocarbon surfactant and adding 0.001 to 0.04 parts by weight of a fluoroalkyl ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant as required.
The anhydrous methanol used in the present invention is a product produced from coal and further subjected to hydrocarbon dehydration methanol content of 99.7%; the anhydrous ethanol used in the present invention is 100% ethanol as biomass energy; It is the future energy that mankind expects. The addition amount of anhydrous methanol or absolute ethanol is 1-15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction, and the specific addition amount is determined by the octane number (RON) of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction used. Is done.

The fluoroalkyl group amine salt type or quaternary ammonium salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant used in the present invention is:
(1) Fluoroalkylamine quaternary ammonium salt type such as (CF ₃ ) ₂ CF (CF ₂ ) ₆ CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₃ I ⁻
(2) C ₇ F _l5 CONH [CH _{2] 3} N ⁺ [CH _{3] 3} 1 ^- perfluoroalkyl amide quaternary amine salt type, such as,
(3) F [CF ₂ ] ₃ CH [OH] CH ₂ ] ₂ NCH ₂ CH ₂ NH _2. Any one selected from the amine salt type such as NH ₂ .H ₂ SO _4. .
The fluoroalkyl ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant used in the present invention is C ₈ F ₁₇ C ₂ H ₄ O [CH ₂ CH [CH ₂ OH] O] nH [n average is l. 7], with respect to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction, the addition amount is 0.001 to 0.01 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 parts by weight.
Further, in the present invention, any one selected from the group consisting of a fluoroalkyl group amine quaternary ammonium salt, a perfluoroamide quaternary amine salt, and a fluoroalkyl group amine salt, depending on the properties of the final product and the purchase price of the raw material. Add one to a mixture of light hydrocarbon pentane fraction and lead-free explosion-proof agent (anti-knock agent) or use in combination with the fluoroalkyl ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant To do.

According to the present invention, the light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicle and the preparation method provide a method for reliably improving the conventional fuel oil, and the light hydrocarbon fuel product for vehicle prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has a conventional low octane number. Compared to (RON) fuel oil, it has the following advantages.
(1) This method recovers and uses energy such as refinery by-products or natural gas / oil gas condensate to save energy.
(2) In the present invention, lead-free methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), anhydrous methanol, or tetraethyl lead anti-knock agent that is severely air polluted by anhydrous ethanol is used as an anti-knock agent. To do.
(3) High octane number (RON) light hydrocarbon fuel prepared by the method of the present invention is completely burned to save energy, improve engine operating characteristics, reduce exhaust gas polluted exhaust gas, In addition, carbon deposition in the nozzle pipe and combustion chamber is reduced, extending machine life.
Note that what has been described above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention and effects corresponding thereto are described here. Unless it deviates from the mind of a specification, it belongs to the scope of the present invention.

Detailed methods, application principles, operations and effects relating to the present invention will be described in detail below.
A method for adjusting a light hydrocarbon fuel for a vehicle according to the present invention includes:
(A) Product obtained by catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons as a by-product of refinery, or condensate of natural gas, light hydrocarbon C5 fraction obtained by distilling hydrocarbon (light hydrocarbon pentane fraction) 100 weight Add 1 to 15 parts by weight of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), or anhydrous methanol or absolute ethanol as a lead-free anti-knock agent, and mix well. Preparing a mixture having an octane number (RON) of 90 or more;
(B) The fluoroalkylamine quaternary ammonium salt type, perfluoroalkylamide quaternary amine salt type or fluoroalkyl group amine salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant is added to the mixture of the step (a). A step of adding 0.001 to 0.04 parts by weight of a fluoroalkyl ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, if necessary,
Is included.
In another embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) or anhydrous methanol or anhydrous ethanol replaces the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) lead-free antiknock agent, that is, light 1 to 15 parts by weight of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), or anhydrous methanol or absolute ethanol is added to 100 parts by weight of the hydrocarbon pentane fraction, and the same procedure as in step (b) is performed. Since it overlaps, description is abbreviate | omitted.
In addition, the methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), anhydrous methanol, and absolute ethanol replace the tetraethyl lead anti-knock agent that severely pollutes the atmosphere, and the anhydrous methanol is prepared from coal. Yes, absolute ethanol is a biomass energy from the plant kingdom, so its supply source can be secured sufficiently and it can be expected as a future energy.

The octane number (RON) can be improved by 2.5 by adding 1 part by weight of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction. For example, the octane number (RON) of a light hydrocarbon pentane fraction in a refinery by-product is 78, and the addition of 6 parts by weight of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) increases the octane number (RON) to 93. .

  The octane number (RON) of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction of a natural gas / oil gas processing plant is 84. When 3.6 parts by weight of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is added, the octane number (RON) is 93. improves.

  In addition, the octane number (RON) can be improved by 2.3 by adding 1 part by weight of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction. For example, the octane number (RON) of a light hydrocarbon pentane fraction in a refinery by-product is 78, and by adding 6.6 parts by weight of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), its octane number (RON) Improves to 93.

  The octane number (RON) of a light hydrocarbon pentane fraction in a natural gas / oil gas processing plant is 84. When 4 parts by weight of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) is added, the octane number (RON) is 93. Improved.

Further, when 1 part by weight of anhydrous methanol or absolute ethanol is added to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction, the octane number (RON) can be improved by two. For example, the octane number (RON) of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction in the by-product of the refinery was 78, but by adding 7.5 parts by weight of absolute methanol or absolute ethanol, the octane number (RON) was increased to 93. Improved.
In the preparation of the examples of the present invention, 0.001 to 0.04 part by weight of fluoroalkyl group amine salt type or fluoroalkyl group amine salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant is added to 100 parts by weight of light hydrocarbon fuel. In addition, if necessary, 0.001 to 0.04 part by weight of a fluoroalkyl group ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is added and mixed sufficiently to greatly suppress the volatility of the light hydrocarbon fuel. It has a cleaning action, avoids the occurrence of airlock or carbon deposits in the combustion system and extends the life of the machine.

The specific composition of the light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles of the present invention is as follows.
Formulation of Example 1:
(1) Light hydrocarbon pentane fraction (RON 78) 100 parts by weight (2) Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 6 parts by weight (3) [CF ₃ ] ₂ CF [CF ₂ ] ₆ CH ₂ CH [OH] -CH ₂ N ⁺ [CH ₃ ] ₃ I ^- 0.01 parts by weight The above components are jointly prepared to prepare a light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles having an octane number (RON) of 93.
In this formulation, component (3) is a perfluoroalkyl group amide quaternary amine salt type or quaternary ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactant, which is sometimes referred to as C ₇ F ₁₅ CONH [CH ₂ ] ₃ N ^+. [CH _{3] 3} I ^- perfluoroalkyl group amine salt type or quaternary ammonium salt type fluorocarbon surfactants such as, or [F [CF _{2] 3} CH [OH] _{CH 2] 2 NCH 2 NH 2} CH Alkyl amine salt type fluorocarbon surfactants such as ₂ · H ₂ SO ₄ can be substituted.

Formulation of Example 2:
(1) light hydrocarbon pentane fraction (RON 84) 100 parts by weight (2) Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 36 parts by weight _{(3) C 7 F 15 CONHC} 3 H 6 N + [CH _{3] 3} 1 ^- 0.03 part by weight (4) C ₈ F ₁₇ C ₂ H ₄ O [CH ₂ CH [CH ₂ OH] O] _n H
(The average value of n is 1.7) 0.05 parts by weight

A light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles having an octane number (RON) of 93 is prepared by blending the above components. Among them, the component (4) is a kind of fluoroalkyl group ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant.
In this formulation, the component (3) is a kind of perfluoroalkylamide quaternary amine salt type, and this is converted to a fluoroalkyl group amine quaternary amine salt type [the formulation component (3) of Example 1 above. Reference] or [F (CF ₂ ) ₃ CH (OH) CH ₂ ] ₂ NCH ₂ CH ₂ .H ₂ SO ₄ can be replaced by a fluoroalkyl group amine salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant.
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), which is a lead-free anti-explosive agent (anti-knock agent) as component (2) in the formulation in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, Class amyl methyl ether (TAME) or anhydrous methanol or absolute ethanol can be substituted, and the amount of these lead-free antiknock agents used in blending is determined by the octane number (RON) of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction as blending component (1) Is done.

Claims (8)

In the light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles,
(1) 100 parts by weight of light hydrocarbon pentane fraction,
(2) Lead-free anti-knock agent 1 to 15 parts by weight,
(3) Fluoroalkylamine quaternary ammonium salt type cationic fluorocarbon surface active agent 0.001 to 0.04 parts by weight,
Contains,
The light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles, wherein the lead-free anti-knock agent is selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), anhydrous methanol, and absolute ethanol . Fluoroalkylamine quaternary ammonium salt type cationic fluoro
Carbon surfactant
[CF _{3] 2} CF [CF _{2] 6} CH ₂ CH [OH] -CH ₂ N ⁺ [CH _{3] 3} I ^- a and,
The light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a suitable addition amount is 0.01 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction. In the light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles,
(1) 100 parts by weight of light hydrocarbon pentane fraction,
(2) Lead-free anti-knock agent 1 to 15 parts by weight,
(3) Perfluoroalkylamide quaternary amine salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant 0.001 to 0.04 parts by weight,
The lead-free anti-knock agent is selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), anhydrous methanol, and absolute ethanol.
A light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles. The perfluoroalkylamide quaternary amine salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant is:
_{C 7 F 15 CONHC 3 H 6} N + [CH _{3] 3} 1 ^-, and
The light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to claim 3, wherein a suitable addition amount is 0.01 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction. In the light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles,
(1) 100 parts by weight of light hydrocarbon pentane fraction,
(2) Lead-free anti-knock agent 1 to 15 parts by weight,
(3) containing 0.001 to 0.04 parts by weight of a fluoroalkyl group amine salt type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant,
The lead-free anti-knock agent is selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), anhydrous methanol, and absolute ethanol.
A light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles. The fluoroalkyl group amine salt-type cationic fluorocarbon surfactant is
[F (CF ₂ ) ₃ CH (OH) CH ₂ ] ₂ NCH ₂ CH ₂ .H ₂ SO ₄
The light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a suitable addition amount is 0.01 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction. The light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a fluoroalkyl group ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant as component (4),
A light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles, wherein 0.001 to 0.01 parts by weight is added to 100 parts by weight of a light hydrocarbon pentane fraction. The fluoroalkyl group ether alcohol type nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is,
C ₈ F ₁₇ C ₂ H ₄ O [CH ₂ CH [CH ₂ OH] O] _n H (the average value of n is 1.7),
A suitable addition amount is 0.005 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the light hydrocarbon pentane fraction.
The light hydrocarbon fuel for vehicles according to claim 7 characterized by things.