JP2006317195A - Growth degree measuring device for plant - Google Patents

Growth degree measuring device for plant Download PDF

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JP2006317195A
JP2006317195A JP2005137906A JP2005137906A JP2006317195A JP 2006317195 A JP2006317195 A JP 2006317195A JP 2005137906 A JP2005137906 A JP 2005137906A JP 2005137906 A JP2005137906 A JP 2005137906A JP 2006317195 A JP2006317195 A JP 2006317195A
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JP4599590B2 (en
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Mitsuhiro Horio
光広 堀尾
Hiroshi Nishimura
洋 西村
Hideyuki Konya
秀之 紺屋
Kazunobu Hayashi
和信 林
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/061—Sources
    • G01N2201/0616—Ambient light is used

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a growth degree measuring device capable of diagnosing a growth of a plant over the whole growing period of the plant. <P>SOLUTION: This growth degree measuring device 1 for measuring optically the growth degree of the plant includes the first photo-receiving part 11A for dispersing spectrally the sunlight reflected by the plant to be received, and for measuring light intensities of two kinds or more of specified wavelengths, the second photo-receiving part 11B for dispersing the sunlight into lights having the wavelengths same to those of the first light receiving part, and for measuring light intensities thereof, and a computing part 20 for finding a reflectance of the plant based on the light intensities measured by the second photo-receiving part, and the light intensities measured by the first photo-receiving part, and for finding a growth index using the reflectance, and the computing part calculates a square root of a quadratic sum of the reflectance as the growth index. The growth is diagnosed over the whole growing period of the plant, using the growth index calculated by the growth degree measuring device of the present invention. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は植物の生育度測定装置に関する。より詳細には、植物が反射した太陽光を測定することにより植物の生育度を光学的に測定する装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a plant growth degree measuring apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus for optically measuring the growth degree of a plant by measuring sunlight reflected by the plant.

農作業においては、農作物の生育状況に合せて施肥を行うことが必要である。施肥を行う時期や施肥量が不適切であると、期待する収穫を得ることができず、また商品価値の低い農産物となってしまう。そのため、農家等にとって施肥の時期やその量を決定することは極めて重要な事項である。従来にあっては、（１）植物の草丈、（２）茎数、（３）葉色（ＳＰＡＤ値または葉色板示度）等を基に植物の生育度を求め、その生育度に合せて施肥時期や施肥量を決定していた。   In farm work, it is necessary to perform fertilization according to the growth situation of crops. If the timing of fertilization and the amount of fertilization are inappropriate, the expected harvest cannot be obtained, and agricultural products with low commercial value will be produced. Therefore, it is extremely important for farmers to determine the timing and amount of fertilization. Conventionally, the degree of plant growth is determined based on (1) plant height, (2) number of stems, (3) leaf color (SPAD value or leaf color plate reading), and fertilizer is applied according to the degree of growth. The timing and amount of fertilization were determined.

上記（１）植物の草丈とは、株の根元から葉の先端までの長さである。人が田畑に入り、適当な１株の葉を手で揃え、物差で株の根元から葉の先端までの長さを測定する。また、上記（２）茎数とは一株当たりの茎の数である。これも人が田畑に入り、適当な株を選び、手でより分けながらその茎数を数えている。また、上記（３）葉色（ＳＰＡＤ値または葉色板示度）の測定では、通常、ハンディータイプの葉色計で葉を挟み込み、光の透過率からＳＰＡＤ値を計測したり、葉色板（色見本）を対照して目視により判定している。   The plant height of (1) above is the length from the root of the strain to the tip of the leaf. A person enters a field, prepares an appropriate leaf by hand, and measures the length from the root of the strain to the tip of the leaf by material difference. The (2) number of stems is the number of stems per strain. Again, people enter the field, select an appropriate strain, and count the number of stems by dividing them by hand. In the measurement of the above (3) leaf color (SPAD value or leaf color plate reading), the leaf is usually sandwiched with a handy type leaf color meter, the SPAD value is measured from the light transmittance, or the leaf color plate (color sample). In contrast, visual judgment is made.

上記のように、従来の一般的な生育測定は何れも作業者が田畑に入り、煩雑な作業をしなければならず、多大な労力を要する。また、農作物の乾物重を測定する場合もあるが、乾燥までに最短でも数十時間を要するので迅速な生育診断を行えない。   As described above, all of the conventional general growth measurements require a worker to enter the field and perform complicated work, which requires a lot of labor. In addition, the dry matter weight of crops may be measured, but since it takes several tens of hours at the shortest to dry, rapid growth diagnosis cannot be performed.

上記のような状況を鑑み、植物の測定作業の労力軽減や測定時間の短縮等を目的として、生育度を光学的に診断する技術が提案がされている。例えば特許文献１や特許文献２は、所定面積に生育している植物群落から反射された太陽光を受光し、その光強度から測定植物群落全体としてのクロロフィル濃度を測定し、これをもとに生育度を求める生育度測定装置を開示している。このような生育度測定装置を用いることで、短時間で測定結果が得られるため、測定作業の労力軽減及び測定時間の短縮化を図ることができる。さらに一度の測定により植物群落をサンプリングできることから測定精度の上でも有利となる。   In view of the situation as described above, a technique for optically diagnosing the degree of growth has been proposed for the purpose of reducing labor for measuring plants and shortening measurement time. For example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 receive sunlight reflected from a plant community growing in a predetermined area, measure the chlorophyll concentration of the entire plant community from the light intensity, and based on this, A device for measuring the degree of growth is disclosed. By using such a growth degree measuring apparatus, since a measurement result can be obtained in a short time, the labor of measurement work can be reduced and the measurement time can be shortened. Furthermore, since the plant community can be sampled by one measurement, it is advantageous in terms of measurement accuracy.

また、本出願人らも植物の生育を精度よく診断するために、特許文献３で２波長以上の反射光を用いる生育度測定装置について提案している。さらに、特許文献４では、１つの受光部で受光する光強度を用いて生育指標を求めるように構成し、簡素化を図った生育度測定装置の提案をしている。特に、この特許文献４では分母と分子の次数が同一である正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ：Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）等の生育指標を用いて、植物の生育度を判断する技術を提案している。後述するように正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）は植物の茎葉の窒素含有量と極めて高い相関があるので、生育度の判定を行う際の有効な生育指標となる。   The applicants have also proposed a growth degree measuring apparatus using reflected light having two or more wavelengths in Patent Document 3 in order to accurately diagnose the growth of plants. Furthermore, Patent Document 4 proposes a growth degree measuring apparatus that is configured to obtain a growth index using the light intensity received by one light receiving unit and is simplified. In particular, Patent Document 4 proposes a technique for determining the degree of plant growth using a growth index such as a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) having the same denominator and numerator order. As will be described later, the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) has a very high correlation with the nitrogen content of plant stems and leaves, and is therefore an effective growth index for determining the degree of growth.

特開昭６２−２８２２４３号公報JP-A-62-282243 特開昭６２−２８２２４４号公報JP-A-62-282244 特開２００２−１６８７７１号公報JP 2002-168771 A 特開２００４−３０１８１０号公報JP 2004-301810 A

図７は、水稲（品種：「ひとめぼれ」）の茎葉窒素含有量と生育指標ＧＩ（Growth Index）との関係について一例を示した図である。なお、この生育指標ＧＩは上記正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）を１００倍したものである。この図で示されるように、生育指標ＧＩと水稲の茎葉窒素含有量とは指数関数（図ではｙ＝０．１２４８ｅ０．０４８３ｘ）の回帰曲線で近似できる。決定係数Ｒ２が０．９３９４と１に近く相関が極めて高い。この図によって正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）が極めて有効な生育指標であることを確認できる。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the stem and leaf nitrogen content and the growth index GI (Growth Index) of paddy rice (variety: “Hitomebore”). The growth index GI is obtained by multiplying the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) by 100. As shown in this figure, the growth index GI and the content of nitrogen in the stem and leaves of rice can be approximated by a regression curve of an exponential function (in the figure, y = 0.1248e 0.0483x ). The coefficient of determination R 2 is extremely high correlation close to 0.9394 and 1. This figure confirms that the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is a very effective growth index.

しかしながら、図７では回帰線が指数関数となるので生育指標ＧＩが８０辺りになると飽和状態となり水稲の茎葉窒素含有量が変化しても、生育指標ＧＩが殆ど変化しなくなる。本願発明者らによると生育指標ＧＩが８０辺りとなるのは水稲の追肥時期に当たる幼穂形成期辺りであり、この時期の生育診断が困難となってしまう。   However, since the regression line is an exponential function in FIG. 7, the growth index GI becomes almost saturated when the growth index GI reaches around 80, and the growth index GI hardly changes even if the nitrogen content of the rice leaves and leaves changes. According to the inventors of the present invention, the growth index GI of around 80 is around the young panicle formation period corresponding to the topdressing time of paddy rice, and the growth diagnosis at this time becomes difficult.

本発明はこのような状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、植物の生育期間の全般に亘り生育診断を行うことができる生育度測定装置を提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of such a condition, and it aims at providing the growth degree measuring apparatus which can perform growth diagnosis over the whole growth period of a plant.

上記目的は、植物の生育度を光学的に測定する生育度測定装置であって、植物によって反射された太陽光を分光して受光し、２種以上の特定波長の光強度を測定する第１の受光部と、太陽光を前記第１の受光部と同一波長に分光して受光し、光強度を測定する第２の受光部と、前記第２の受光部が測定した光強度と前記第１の受光部が測定した光強度との比から前記植物の反射率を求め、該反射率を用いて生育指標を求める演算部とを含み、前記演算部が、前記生育指標として前記反射率の２次和の平方根を算出することを特徴とする植物の生育度測定装置により達成できる。   The above-mentioned object is a growth degree measuring apparatus that optically measures the degree of growth of a plant, and is a first unit that spectroscopically receives sunlight reflected by a plant and measures the light intensity of two or more specific wavelengths. The second light receiving unit for measuring the light intensity by splitting the sunlight into the same wavelength as the first light receiving unit, the light intensity measured by the second light receiving unit and the first light receiving unit. And calculating a reflectance of the plant from the ratio of the light intensity measured by the light receiving unit, and calculating a growth index using the reflectance, wherein the calculation unit includes the reflectance as the growth index. This can be achieved by a plant growth degree measuring apparatus characterized by calculating the square root of the secondary sum.

本発明によると、演算部が生育指標として反射率の２次和の平方根を算出する。この２次和の平方根による値と茎葉窒素含有量とは回帰線が直線となり、高い相関を示す。よって、本発明の生育度測定装置の算出する生育指標を用いると植物の生育期間全般に亘り生育診断を行うことができる。   According to the present invention, the arithmetic unit calculates the square root of the secondary sum of reflectance as a growth index. The regression line is a straight line between the value obtained by the square root of the quadratic sum and the nitrogen content of the foliage, indicating a high correlation. Therefore, when the growth index calculated by the growth degree measuring apparatus of the present invention is used, growth diagnosis can be performed over the entire growth period of the plant.

そして、前記演算部は、赤色光についての反射率Ｒと近赤外光についての反射率ＮＩＲとを、次式（１）に代入して、
√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・（１）
第１の生育指標を算出するようにしてもよい。 And the said calculating part substitutes the reflectance R about red light, and the reflectance NIR about near-infrared light to following Formula (1),
√ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (1)
The first growth index may be calculated.

また、前記演算部は、赤色光についての反射率Ｒと近赤外光についての反射率ＮＩＲとを、次式（２）に代入して、
（（ＮＩＲ−Ｒ）／（ＮＩＲ＋Ｒ））／√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・（２）
第２の生育指標を算出するようにしてもよい。 Further, the calculation unit substitutes the reflectance R for red light and the reflectance NIR for near-infrared light into the following equation (2):
((NIR-R) / (NIR + R)) / √ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (2)
A second growth index may be calculated.

また、測定対象とする植物と前記第１の受光部との距離を一定にする測距手段をさらに備えた構造を採用すれば、更に精度よく生育診断を行える。   Further, if a structure further provided with a distance measuring means for making the distance between the plant to be measured and the first light receiving unit constant, growth diagnosis can be performed with higher accuracy.

また、前記植物の位置を確認するための位置情報取得装置と接続可能に設定され、前記位置情報取得装置からの情報を用いて圃場に関する生育度データを作成するようにしてもよい。さらに、１つの受光部を、前記第１の受光部及び前記第２の受光部として兼用するように構成してもよい。この場合には装置構成を簡素化して、コストの低減を図ることができる。   Further, it may be set so as to be connectable to a position information acquisition device for confirming the position of the plant, and growth degree data relating to a farm field may be created using information from the position information acquisition device. Furthermore, you may comprise so that one light-receiving part may serve as said 1st light-receiving part and said 2nd light-receiving part. In this case, the device configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

以上説明したように、本発明によると植物の生育期間全般に亘り生育診断を行うことができる生育度測定装置を提供できる。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a growth degree measuring apparatus capable of performing growth diagnosis over the whole growth period of plants.

以下、本発明に係る植物の生育度測定装置の実施形態を図面を参照して説明する。なお、ここでは、水稲の生育度を求める場合について例示する。   Embodiments of a plant growth degree measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, the case where the degree of growth of paddy rice is determined will be exemplified.

図１は作業者が持ち運びできるように携帯型に形成した実施例の生育度測定装置１について示した図であり、（Ａ）は生育度測定装置１の平面図、（Ｂ）は同装置１の正面図である。この図１で示すように、生育度測定装置１は受光部１０及びこの受光部１０で受光した光の強度に基づいて所定の処理を行う操作制御装置２０を備えている。受光部１０と操作制御装置２０とは、支持部材３０を介して一体化されている。すなわち、生育度測定装置１は支持部材３０の基端部側に操作制御装置２０、先端側に受光部１０を固定した外形をなしている。操作制御装置２０の底部には、操作者が持ち運びし易いように把持部（グリップ）４０が固定されている。この把持部４０内には駆動用のバッテリ４１が内蔵されている。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a growth degree measuring apparatus 1 of an embodiment formed so as to be portable so that an operator can carry it. (A) is a plan view of the growth degree measuring apparatus 1, and (B) is the apparatus 1. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the growth measuring device 1 includes a light receiving unit 10 and an operation control device 20 that performs predetermined processing based on the intensity of light received by the light receiving unit 10. The light receiving unit 10 and the operation control device 20 are integrated via a support member 30. That is, the growth measuring device 1 has an outer shape in which the operation control device 20 is fixed to the proximal end side of the support member 30 and the light receiving unit 10 is fixed to the distal end side. A grip (grip) 40 is fixed to the bottom of the operation control device 20 so that the operator can easily carry it. A battery 41 for driving is built in the grip portion 40.

図２は、図１の受光部１０を拡大して詳細に示した斜視図であり、（Ａ）は受光部１０を下側から見た斜視図、（Ｂ）は受光部１０を上側から見た斜視図である。この受光部１０は、第１の受光部となる第１受光センサ１１Ａと第２の受光部となる第２受光センサ１１Ｂとを備えている。受光センサ１１Ａ、Ｂは背中合わせで固定されている。それぞれの受光センサ１１Ａ、Ｂは、同様の構成を有している。   2 is an enlarged perspective view showing the light receiving unit 10 of FIG. 1 in detail. FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the light receiving unit 10 viewed from below, and FIG. 2B is a view of the light receiving unit 10 viewed from above. FIG. The light receiving unit 10 includes a first light receiving sensor 11A serving as a first light receiving unit and a second light receiving sensor 11B serving as a second light receiving unit. The light receiving sensors 11A and 11B are fixed back to back. Each of the light receiving sensors 11A and 11B has the same configuration.

第１受光センサ１１Ａについて説明する。この第１受光センサ１１Ａは水稲と対向するように下向き姿勢で配置され、水稲から反射する太陽光を受光する。この第１受光センサ１１Ａは、特定波長の光を受光する複数の受光素子を備えている。例えば、第１受光センサ１１Ａは赤色（例えば波長６５０ｎｍ）用の受光素子１２ａ、近赤外光（例えば波長８５０ｎｍ）用の受光素子１２ｂ及び緑色（例えば波長５５０ｎｍ）用の受光素子１２ｃを備えている。なお、ここで採用する受光素子は公知のものでよい。受光素子としては、例えばＳｉフォトダイオードやスペクトルメータなどを使用できる。また、入射光を赤色光、近赤外光または緑色光に分光するために、図示しない分光フィルタが各受光素子の受光面に付設されている。   The first light receiving sensor 11A will be described. The first light receiving sensor 11A is arranged in a downward posture so as to face the paddy rice, and receives sunlight reflected from the paddy rice. The first light receiving sensor 11A includes a plurality of light receiving elements that receive light of a specific wavelength. For example, the first light receiving sensor 11A includes a light receiving element 12a for red (for example, wavelength 650 nm), a light receiving element 12b for near infrared light (for example, wavelength 850 nm), and a light receiving element 12c for green (for example, wavelength 550 nm). . The light receiving element employed here may be a known one. For example, a Si photodiode or a spectrum meter can be used as the light receiving element. In addition, in order to split incident light into red light, near infrared light, or green light, a spectral filter (not shown) is attached to the light receiving surface of each light receiving element.

他方の第２受光センサ１１Ｂは、太陽光を直接に受光するように上向き姿勢で配置されている。この第２受光センサ１１Ｂは、第１受光センサ１１Ａと同一の特定波長を受光するように設定されている。すなわち、第２受光センサ１１Ｂも同様に、赤色用の受光素子１２ａ、近赤外光用の受光素子１２ｂ及び緑色用の受光素子１２ｃを備え、各受光素子の受光面には分光フィルタが付設されている。なお、太陽光の入射角度の影響を避けるために拡散板を分光フィルタの前面に更に取付けてもよい。上記第１受光センサ１１Ａについても拡散板を取付けてもよい。   The other second light receiving sensor 11B is arranged in an upward posture so as to directly receive sunlight. The second light receiving sensor 11B is set to receive the same specific wavelength as the first light receiving sensor 11A. That is, the second light receiving sensor 11B similarly includes a red light receiving element 12a, a near infrared light receiving element 12b, and a green light receiving element 12c, and a spectral filter is attached to the light receiving surface of each light receiving element. ing. In order to avoid the influence of the incident angle of sunlight, a diffusion plate may be further attached to the front surface of the spectral filter. A diffusion plate may also be attached to the first light receiving sensor 11A.

再度、図１を参照する。支持部材３０は中空な棒状の部材であり、内部に受光部１０と操作制御装置２０とを電気的に接続する不図示の配線が敷設されている。支持部材３０の外周にはスライダ３１が摺動自在に配設されている。このスライダ３１には測距用のマーカロッド３２が回動自在に取り付けられている。このマーカロッド３２は測定する水稲と第１受光センサ１１Ａとの距離を一定にするための測距手段として機能する。   Reference is again made to FIG. The support member 30 is a hollow rod-like member, and a wiring (not shown) that electrically connects the light receiving unit 10 and the operation control device 20 is laid therein. A slider 31 is slidably disposed on the outer periphery of the support member 30. A distance measuring marker rod 32 is rotatably attached to the slider 31. This marker rod 32 functions as a distance measuring means for making the distance between the rice to be measured and the first light receiving sensor 11A constant.

生育度測定装置１を使用ないときには、図１（Ｂ）において実線で示すように、スライダ３１を右端に移動しマーカロッド３２の前端側をフック部材３３上に引っ掛けておく。このようにすることでマーカロッド３２が支持部材３０と平行となるので、生育度測定装置１を持運ぶときや保管において邪魔とならない。そして、生育度測定装置１を使用するときには、図１（Ｂ）において点線で示すように、スライダ３１を左側にずらすと共に、マーカロッド３２をフック部材３３から外して先端部（図１では作図の都合で省略）を回動する。そして、先端部を水稲上に設定すると、水稲と第１受光センサ１１Ａとの距離を常に一定とすることができる。スライダ３１を所定位置にずらすことで、所望の距離（例えば水稲から第１受光センサ１１Ａまでの距離を５０ｃｍ）とすることができる。   When the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 is not used, the slider 31 is moved to the right end and the front end side of the marker rod 32 is hooked on the hook member 33 as shown by the solid line in FIG. By doing in this way, since the marker rod 32 becomes parallel with the support member 30, it does not become obstructive when carrying the growth measuring apparatus 1 or in storage. When the growth measuring apparatus 1 is used, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 1 (B), the slider 31 is shifted to the left side, and the marker rod 32 is detached from the hook member 33 and the tip portion (in FIG. Rotate for convenience). And if a front-end | tip part is set on a paddy rice, the distance of a paddy rice and the 1st light reception sensor 11A can always be made constant. By shifting the slider 31 to a predetermined position, a desired distance (for example, the distance from the rice to the first light receiving sensor 11A is 50 cm) can be obtained.

本生育度測定装置１は、上記のようにマーカロッド３２を備えているので、煩雑な測距作業をすることなく水稲との距離を一定に保つことができる。よって、水稲から反射した太陽光を一定の条件で第１受光センサ１１Ａにより受光することができるのでため診断条件を整えて、精度良い生育診断を行うことができる。   Since the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 includes the marker rod 32 as described above, the distance from the paddy rice can be kept constant without performing complicated ranging work. Therefore, since the sunlight reflected from the paddy rice can be received by the first light receiving sensor 11A under certain conditions, the diagnosis conditions can be adjusted and the growth diagnosis can be performed with high accuracy.

また、図１（Ａ）で示すように、操作制御装置２０は前面に押圧して入力操作を行うボタンを備えた操作部２２及び測定結果等を表示する表示部２３を備えている。この操作制御装置２０の内部には、受光部１０へ指示信号を供給したり、受光部１０の測定結果を受信して生育指標を算出するための処理を行う制御回路が配置されている。図３は、操作制御装置２０の主要部構成を示した機能ブロック図である。操作制御装置２０は、インターフェース部２１を介して前記受光部１０と接続されている。   Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, the operation control device 20 includes an operation unit 22 including a button for performing an input operation by pressing on the front surface, and a display unit 23 for displaying a measurement result and the like. Inside the operation control device 20, a control circuit for supplying an instruction signal to the light receiving unit 10 or receiving a measurement result of the light receiving unit 10 and calculating a growth index is arranged. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a main part configuration of the operation control device 20. The operation control device 20 is connected to the light receiving unit 10 via the interface unit 21.

操作制御装置２０は、図１（Ａ）で示している操作部２２及び表示部２３の他、記憶部２４、演算部２５及びこれらを全体的に制御する制御部２６を含んでいる。これらの各部はバス２７を介して互いに接続されている。   The operation control apparatus 20 includes a storage unit 24, a calculation unit 25, and a control unit 26 that controls the entire unit, in addition to the operation unit 22 and the display unit 23 shown in FIG. These units are connected to each other via a bus 27.

上記記憶部２４は、例えばＣＤ-ＲＯＭ、ＤＶＤ−ＲＯＭ、ＨＤＤ、電気的に書換が可能なメモリ等の記憶装置により構成される。この記憶部２４には制御部２６を駆動するためのプログラムを格納する他、生育指標に関する一連のデータを記憶することができる。なお、後述するように、この生育度測定装置１にＧＰＳ装置を接続し圃場の位置情報も付加した生育指標マップを作成してもよい。このように圃場毎の生育指標に関する生育データも記憶部２４に記憶するようにしてもよい。また、制御部２６はＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）を中心に構成したマイクロコンピュータとすることができる。   The storage unit 24 includes a storage device such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, HDD, or electrically rewritable memory. In addition to storing a program for driving the control unit 26, the storage unit 24 can store a series of data relating to the growth index. As will be described later, a growth index map may be created in which a GPS device is connected to the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 and field position information is also added. In this way, the growth data related to the growth index for each field may be stored in the storage unit 24. Further, the control unit 26 may be a microcomputer configured with a central processing unit (CPU) as a center.

受光部１０の第１受光センサ１１Ａは、水稲から反射する太陽光の近赤外光や赤色光の光強度を測定する。第２受光センサ１１Ｂは、太陽光を直に受光して近赤外光や赤色光の光強度を測定する。制御部２６は演算部２５を制御して、受光センサ１１Ａ及び受光センサ１１Ｂが測定した光強度を用いて生育指標を算出させる。制御部２６は生育指標を算出するためのプログラムを記憶部２４から読み出して演算部２５を制御して生育指標を算出させる。   The first light receiving sensor 11A of the light receiving unit 10 measures the near-infrared light or red light intensity of sunlight reflected from the rice. The second light receiving sensor 11B directly receives sunlight and measures the light intensity of near infrared light or red light. The control unit 26 controls the calculation unit 25 to calculate the growth index using the light intensity measured by the light receiving sensor 11A and the light receiving sensor 11B. The control unit 26 reads a program for calculating the growth index from the storage unit 24 and controls the calculation unit 25 to calculate the growth index.

演算部２５は、赤色光について受光センサ１１Ｂの測定値に対する受光センサ１１Ａの測定値の比として反射率Ｒを算出する。演算部２５は、同様に、近赤外光について受光センサ１１Ｂの測定値に対する受光センサ１１Ａの測定値の比として反射率ＮＩＲを算出する。なお、演算部２５は制御部２６の一部として実現してもよい。   The computing unit 25 calculates the reflectance R as the ratio of the measurement value of the light receiving sensor 11A to the measurement value of the light receiving sensor 11B for red light. Similarly, the calculation unit 25 calculates the reflectance NIR as the ratio of the measured value of the light receiving sensor 11A to the measured value of the light receiving sensor 11B for near infrared light. The calculation unit 25 may be realized as a part of the control unit 26.

さらに、演算部２５は上記反射率Ｒ及び反射率ＮＩＲを次式に参入することにより、第１の生育指標Ｉ及び第２の生育指標ＩＩを算出する。

第１の生育指標Ｉは、次式（１）による。
生育指標Ｉ＝√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・・・・・・・・・・・（１）

第２の生育指標ＩＩは、次式（２）による。
生育指標ＩＩ＝
（（ＮＩＲ−Ｒ）／（ＮＩＲ＋Ｒ））／√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・・（２）
この生育指標ＩＩは、正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）を生育指標Ｉで除したものである。これらの生育指標Ｉ及びＩＩについては後述する。 Further, the calculation unit 25 calculates the first growth index I and the second growth index II by entering the reflectance R and the reflectance NIR into the following equations.

The first growth index I is according to the following formula (1).
Growth index I = √ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (1)

The second growth index II is based on the following formula (2).
Growth index II =
((NIR-R) / (NIR + R)) / √ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (2)
This growth index II is obtained by dividing the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) by the growth index I. These growth indexes I and II will be described later.

さらに、図４（Ａ）は、図１（Ａ）において操作制御装置２０を矢印Ａ方向へ見た図を示している。操作制御装置２０は内部に水準器２８を備え、その上側が開口２９となっている。よって、操作者は開口２９を介して水準器２８を確認することで生育度測定装置１をほぼ水平姿勢に維持できるので受光センサ１１Ａを地面に対して略水平に設置でき測定精度を高めることができる。   Further, FIG. 4A shows a view of the operation control device 20 in the direction of arrow A in FIG. The operation control device 20 includes a level 28 inside and an opening 29 on the upper side. Therefore, since the operator can maintain the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 in a substantially horizontal posture by checking the level 28 through the opening 29, the light receiving sensor 11A can be installed substantially horizontally with respect to the ground, thereby improving the measurement accuracy. it can.

また、図４（Ｂ）は、操作制御装置２０の底面を示した図である。前述したように操作制御装置２０の底部には把持部４０が固定されている。また、操作制御装置２０の底部には、位置情報取得装置としてのＧＰＳ（Global Positioning System）装置と接続するためのコネクタ４３、外部電源に接続するためのコネクタ４４及びパソコン（ＰＣ）に接続するためのコネクタ４５が設けられている。本生育度測定装置１はＧＰＳ装置と接続することで、圃場における水稲の位置を確認して生育度データに、測定位置情報を付加してマップ化することもできる。更に、測定時期や気候データ（天候、気温等）等を付加してもよい。そして、これらの情報を年次データとして蓄積し、生育計画に反映させることにより、より効率的な生育が可能になる。このような一連のデータを記憶部２４に記憶して、後においてコネクタ４５を介してＰＣに接続してデータ解析を行うこともできる。   FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the bottom surface of the operation control device 20. As described above, the grip portion 40 is fixed to the bottom of the operation control device 20. Further, at the bottom of the operation control device 20, a connector 43 for connecting to a GPS (Global Positioning System) device as a position information acquisition device, a connector 44 for connecting to an external power source, and a personal computer (PC) are connected. The connector 45 is provided. The growth measuring device 1 can be connected to a GPS device to check the position of paddy rice in the field and add the measured position information to the growth data and map it. Furthermore, measurement time, climate data (weather, temperature, etc.) may be added. And by accumulating such information as annual data and reflecting it in a growth plan, more efficient growth is attained. Such a series of data can be stored in the storage unit 24 and connected to a PC via the connector 45 later for data analysis.

生育度測定装置１は上記の如く構成されているので、作業者が圃場に携帯して水稲の生育度測定を簡単に行うことができる。一連の動作をまとめて説明する。作業者はマーカロッド３２を測定対象の水稲の上にセットすることで距離を確認すると共に、水準器２８を確認してから操作部２２の所定キーを押す。これにより制御部２６が起動して生育度測定を開始する。制御部２６はまず第１受光センサ１１Ａ、第２受光センサ１１Ｂを順に駆動する。   Since the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 is configured as described above, the operator can easily carry the growth degree measurement of paddy rice by carrying it in the field. A series of operations will be described together. The operator confirms the distance by setting the marker rod 32 on the paddy rice to be measured and confirms the level 28 and then presses a predetermined key on the operation unit 22. Thereby, the control part 26 starts and a growth degree measurement is started. First, the control unit 26 sequentially drives the first light receiving sensor 11A and the second light receiving sensor 11B.

制御部２６は、太陽光を直接に測定する第２受光センサ１１Ｂの出力（光強度）と、水稲により反射された太陽光を測定する第１受光センサ１１Ａの出力（光強度）とを演算部２５に供給し、それぞれの波長についての反射率Ｒと反射率ＮＩＲを算出させる。反射率は次式（３）により算出される。

反射率＝
（受光センサ１１Ａが測定した光強度）／（受光センサ１１Ｂが測定した光強度）
・・・・・・（３）
なお、測定精度を高めるため各受光センサ１１Ａ、１１Ｂの暗室内での出力（ダーク値）を予め確認しておき、それぞれの実測値からダーク値を引いた補正値の比を用いて反射率を得てもよい。また、水稲からの反射光を受光する第１受光センサ１１Ａの反射率については、さらに白色板校正係数を掛けて補正した反射率を用いてもよい。白色板校正を行う際には、光強度の測定の前後において太陽光を白色板に当てて、その反射光の光強度を受光センサ１１Ａで測定して白色板校正係数を求めればよい。 The control unit 26 calculates the output (light intensity) of the second light receiving sensor 11B that directly measures sunlight and the output (light intensity) of the first light receiving sensor 11A that measures sunlight reflected by paddy rice. The reflectance R and reflectance NIR for each wavelength are calculated. The reflectance is calculated by the following equation (3).

Reflectivity =
(Light intensity measured by the light receiving sensor 11A) / (Light intensity measured by the light receiving sensor 11B)
(3)
In order to improve the measurement accuracy, the output (dark value) of each light receiving sensor 11A, 11B in the dark room is confirmed in advance, and the reflectance is calculated using the ratio of the correction value obtained by subtracting the dark value from the actual measurement value. May be obtained. Further, as the reflectance of the first light receiving sensor 11A that receives the reflected light from paddy rice, the reflectance corrected by applying a white plate calibration coefficient may be used. When the white plate calibration is performed, sunlight is applied to the white plate before and after the measurement of the light intensity, and the light intensity of the reflected light is measured by the light receiving sensor 11A to obtain the white plate calibration coefficient.

図５は、従来について示した図７と同じデータを用いて第１の生育指標Ｉと水稲（品種：ひとめぼれ）の茎葉窒素含有量との関係を示した図である。第１の生育指標Ｉは、上記反射率Ｒ及び反射率ＮＩＲを式（１）に代入して演算部２５が算出したものである。
第１の生育指標Ｉ＝√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・・・・・（１） FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the first growth index I and the nitrogen content of shoots and leaves of paddy rice (variety: Hitomebore) using the same data as FIG. The first growth index I is calculated by the calculation unit 25 by substituting the reflectance R and the reflectance NIR into the equation (1).
First growth index I = √ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (1)

図５で示されるように、第１の生育指標Ｉと水稲の茎葉窒素含有量とは１次関数（図ではｙ＝−１６．９７４ｘ＋１３．９７２）の回帰直線で近似できる。決定係数Ｒ２が０．９１５９と１に近く相関が極めて高い。この図によって第１の生育指標Ｉが極めて有効な生育指標であることを確認できる。特に、回帰線が直線となるので第１の生育指標Ｉ（Ｘ軸の値）から水稲の茎葉窒素含有量（Ｙ軸の値）を全期間に亘りに確認できる。すなわち、図５で示すグラフは図７で示した従来のものと比較して見易く、第１の生育指標Ｉから水稲の茎葉窒素含有量を確認できる。よって、従来にあっては生育診断が困難であった幼穂形成期以降から穂揃い期に至るまでの期間を含む全期間での生育診断を迅速に行える。これにより適正穂肥の判定、籾数の推定、収量の推定及び品質の推定を行うことができる。 As shown in FIG. 5, the first growth index I and the rice leaf nitrogen content can be approximated by a regression line of a linear function (y = −16.974x + 13.972 in the figure). The coefficient of determination R 2 is extremely high correlation close to 0.9159 and 1. From this figure, it can be confirmed that the first growth index I is a very effective growth index. In particular, since the regression line is a straight line, the nitrogen content of the shoots and leaves of the rice (Y-axis value) can be confirmed over the entire period from the first growth index I (X-axis value). That is, the graph shown in FIG. 5 is easier to see than the conventional one shown in FIG. 7, and the foliage nitrogen content of the rice can be confirmed from the first growth index I. Therefore, it is possible to quickly perform growth diagnosis in the entire period including the period from the early panicle formation period until the head assembling period, which was difficult in the past. As a result, it is possible to determine the appropriate panicle, estimate the number of pods, estimate the yield and estimate the quality.

なお、上記第１の生育指標Ｉは本願発明者が案出したものである。水稲が最も成長したときには稲が圃場を覆う割合が高くなるので反射率ＮＩＲが大きくなる。その一方で、水稲が成長すると色が濃くなる（茎葉窒素含有が多くなる）と反射率Ｒが小さくなる。生育指標Ｉは、（反射率ＮＩＲ，反射率Ｒ）＝（1.0，０）の点を設定し、この点と受光部で測定した光強度に基づいて定まる点（反射率ＮＩＲ，反射率Ｒ）との距離を指標とするものである。   The first growth index I has been devised by the inventor of the present application. When the paddy rice grows the most, the ratio of the rice covering the field increases, so the reflectance NIR increases. On the other hand, when paddy rice grows, when the color becomes darker (the nitrogen content in the foliage increases), the reflectance R decreases. The growth index I is set at a point (reflectance NIR, reflectance R) = (1.0, 0), and is determined based on this point and the light intensity measured at the light receiving part (reflectance NIR, reflectance R). The distance from is used as an index.

図６は、従来について示した図７と同じデータを用い第２の生育指標ＩＩと水稲の茎葉窒素含有量との関係を示した図である。第２の生育指標ＩＩも上記反射率Ｒ及び反射率ＮＩＲを式（２）に代入して演算部２５が算出したものである。 第２の生育指標ＩＩ＝
（（ＮＩＲ−Ｒ）／（ＮＩＲ＋Ｒ））／√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・・（２）
この第２の生育指標ＩＩは、正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）を上記第１の生育指標Ｉで除したものである。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the second growth index II and the nitrogen content of the shoots and leaves of rice using the same data as FIG. The second growth index II is also calculated by the calculation unit 25 by substituting the reflectance R and the reflectance NIR into the equation (2). Second growth index II =
((NIR-R) / (NIR + R)) / √ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (2)
The second growth index II is obtained by dividing the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) by the first growth index I.

図６で示されるように、第２の生育指標ＩＩと水稲の茎葉窒素含有量との関係も１次関数（図ではｙ＝３．９４５１ｘ−１．０７１８）の回帰直線で近似できる。決定係数Ｒ２が０．９３６２と１に近く相関が極めて高い。第２の生育指標ＩＩも極めて有効な生育指標であることを確認できる。図６で示すものも回帰線が直線となるので第２の生育指標ＩＩから水稲の茎葉窒素含有量を全期間に亘りに確認できる。よって、水稲の全生育期間で茎葉窒素含有量を確認して生育診断を迅速に行える。これにより適正穂肥の判定、籾数の推定、収量の推定及び品質の推定を行うことができる。 As shown in FIG. 6, the relationship between the second growth index II and the nitrogen content of the shoots and leaves of rice can be approximated by a regression line of a linear function (y = 3.9451x−1.0718 in the figure). The coefficient of determination R 2 is extremely high correlation close to 0.9362 and 1. It can be confirmed that the second growth index II is also a very effective growth index. Since the regression line of FIG. 6 is also a straight line, the nitrogen content of the shoots and leaves of the rice can be confirmed over the entire period from the second growth index II. Therefore, the growth diagnosis can be performed quickly by confirming the nitrogen content of the foliage during the entire growth period of the rice. As a result, it is possible to determine the appropriate panicle, estimate the number of pods, estimate the yield and estimate the quality.

正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）は、水稲の幼穂形成期頃までの時期及び出穂期よりも後の時期での生育状態を診断するに有効である。また、前述したように第１の生育指標Ｉは水稲の全生育期間を診断するに有効である。よって、正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）と第１の生育指標Ｉとを合せる第２の生育指標ＩＩは、水稲の生育期間全般を的確に診断できる指標となる。   The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is effective for diagnosing the growth state of rice at the time up to the early panicle formation stage and the time after the heading stage. Further, as described above, the first growth index I is effective for diagnosing the total growth period of paddy rice. Therefore, the second growth index II that combines the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and the first growth index I is an index that can accurately diagnose the entire growth period of rice.

上記生育度測定装置１は種々の変更が可能である。受光部１０を回転可能に支持し、１つの受光センサ１１で第１の受光部及び前記第２の受光部するようにしてもよい。このように１つの受光センセを兼用すれば、装置構成を簡素化してコストの低減を図ることができる。   The growth degree measuring apparatus 1 can be variously changed. The light receiving unit 10 may be rotatably supported, and the single light receiving sensor 11 may serve as the first light receiving unit and the second light receiving unit. If one light receiving sensor is also used in this way, the apparatus configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

また、上記では第１の生育指標Ｉと正規化植生指数（ＮＤＶＩ）とを合せて第２の生育指標ＩＩを用いる例を説明したが、第１の生育指標Ｉと他の生育指標（比植性指数（ＲＶＩ）など）と組合せた生育指標を設定してもよい。また、上記では赤色光と近赤外光とにより第１の生育指標Ｉを求め、またＮＤＶＩと合せてた第２の生育指標ＩＩについて説明したので、この点では緑色光（例えば波長５５０ｎｍ）用の受光素子１２ｃは省略可能である。しかし、緑色光の反射率を用いる生育指標と、前記第１の生育指標Ｉとを組合わせて新たな生育指標を設定してもよい。   In the above description, the second growth index II is used by combining the first growth index I and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI). However, the first growth index I and other growth indices (specific planting) are used. A growth index combined with a sex index (RVI, etc.) may be set. In the above description, the first growth index I is obtained from red light and near-infrared light, and the second growth index II combined with NDVI has been described. In this regard, for green light (for example, wavelength 550 nm) The light receiving element 12c can be omitted. However, a new growth index may be set by combining the growth index using the reflectance of green light and the first growth index I.

上記実施例では、植物の一例として生育度測定装置１を水稲に適用した場合について説明したが、生育に伴い茎葉中の窒素含有量が変化する植物に好適に使用できる。例えば、実施例の生育度測定装置１は、水稲の他、麦やお茶の生育診断に好適に使用できる。また、上記実施例では携帯型の生育度測定装置１について説明したが、このような携帯型に限るものではない。トラクタ、ヘリコプタ等の移動体にセットする搭載型の生育度測定装置とした場合にも本発明を同様に適用できることが言うまでもない。   Although the said Example demonstrated the case where the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 was applied to a paddy rice as an example of a plant, it can be used suitably for the plant from which nitrogen content in a foliage changes with growth. For example, the growth degree measuring apparatus 1 of the embodiment can be suitably used for the growth diagnosis of wheat and tea in addition to paddy rice. Moreover, although the said Example demonstrated the portable growth measuring apparatus 1, it is not restricted to such a portable type. Needless to say, the present invention can be similarly applied to an on-board growth degree measuring apparatus set on a moving body such as a tractor or helicopter.

以上、本発明の好ましい一実施形態について詳述したが、本発明は係る特定の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の要旨の範囲内において、種々の変形・変更が可能である。   The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims. Deformation / change is possible.

作業者が持ち運びできるように携帯型に形成した実施例の生育度測定装置について示した図であり、（Ａ）は生育度測定装置の平面図、（Ｂ）は同装置の正面図である。It is the figure shown about the growth degree measuring apparatus of the Example formed in the portable type so that an operator could carry, (A) is a top view of a growth degree measuring apparatus, (B) is a front view of the apparatus. 図１の受光部を拡大して詳細に示した斜視図であり、（Ａ）は受光部を下側から見た斜視図、（Ｂ）は受光部を上側から見た斜視図である。It is the perspective view which expanded and showed the light-receiving part of FIG. 1 in detail, (A) is the perspective view which looked at the light-receiving part from the lower side, (B) is the perspective view which looked at the light-receiving part from the upper side. 図１で示す生育度測定装置の操作制御装置の主要部構成を示した機能ブロック図である。It is the functional block diagram which showed the principal part structure of the operation control apparatus of the growth measuring apparatus shown in FIG. （Ａ）は図１（Ａ）において操作制御装置を矢印Ａ方向へ見た図であり、（Ｂ）は操作制御装置の底面を示した図である。(A) is the figure which looked at the operation control apparatus in the arrow A direction in FIG. 1 (A), (B) is the figure which showed the bottom face of the operation control apparatus. 第１の生育指標と茎葉窒素含有量との関係について示した図であるIt is the figure shown about the relationship between a 1st growth parameter | index and foliage nitrogen content. 第２の生育指標と茎葉窒素含有量との関係について示した図である。It is the figure shown about the relationship between a 2nd growth parameter | index and foliage nitrogen content. 水稲について生育指標ＧＩと茎葉窒素含有量との関係を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the relationship between the growth parameter | index GI and foliage nitrogen content about a rice.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 生育度測定装置
１０ 受光部
１１Ａ 第１受光センサ（第１の受光部）
１１Ｂ 第２受光センサ（第２の受光部）
１２（１２ａ〜１２ｃ） 受光素子
２０ 操作制御装置
２５ 演算部
２６ 制御部
３０ 支持部材
３１ スライダ
３２ マーカロッド
４０ 把持部
Ｒ 赤色光の反射率
ＮＩＲ 近赤外光の反射率
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Growth degree measuring apparatus 10 Light-receiving part 11A 1st light-receiving sensor (1st light-receiving part)
11B Second light receiving sensor (second light receiving unit)
12 (12a to 12c) Light receiving element 20 Operation control device 25 Arithmetic unit 26 Control unit 30 Support member 31 Slider 32 Marker rod 40 Grip part R Reflectivity of red light NIR Reflectance of near infrared light

Claims (6)

植物の生育度を光学的に測定する生育度測定装置であって、
植物によって反射された太陽光を分光して受光し、２種以上の特定波長の光強度を測定する第１の受光部と、
太陽光を前記第１の受光部と同一波長に分光して受光し、光強度を測定する第２の受光部と、
前記第２の受光部が測定した光強度と前記第１の受光部が測定した光強度との比から前記植物の反射率を求め、該反射率を用いて生育指標を求める演算部とを含み、
前記演算部が、前記生育指標として前記反射率の２次和の平方根を算出することを特徴とする植物の生育度測定装置。 A growth measuring device for optically measuring the growth of a plant,
A first light-receiving unit that splits and receives sunlight reflected by a plant and measures the light intensity of two or more specific wavelengths;
A second light-receiving unit that splits and receives sunlight into the same wavelength as the first light-receiving unit, and measures the light intensity;
A calculation unit that obtains the reflectance of the plant from the ratio of the light intensity measured by the second light receiving unit and the light intensity measured by the first light receiving unit, and obtains a growth index using the reflectance. ,
The plant growth degree measuring apparatus, wherein the calculation unit calculates a square root of a secondary sum of the reflectance as the growth index. 前記演算部は、赤色光についての反射率Ｒと近赤外光についての反射率ＮＩＲとを、次式（１）に代入して、
√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・（１）
第１の生育指標を算出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の植物の生育度測定装置。 The calculation unit substitutes the reflectance R for red light and the reflectance NIR for near-infrared light into the following equation (1):
√ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (1)
The plant growth degree measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first growth index is calculated. 前記演算部は、赤色光についての反射率Ｒと近赤外光についての反射率ＮＩＲとを、次式（２）に代入して、
（（ＮＩＲ−Ｒ）／（ＮＩＲ＋Ｒ））／√（（１−ＮＩＲ）２＋Ｒ２）・・・（２）
第２の生育指標を算出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の植物の生育度測定装置。 The arithmetic unit substitutes the reflectance R for red light and the reflectance NIR for near-infrared light into the following equation (2):
((NIR-R) / (NIR + R)) / √ ((1-NIR) 2 + R 2 ) (2)
The plant growth degree measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a second growth index is calculated. 測定対象とする植物と前記第１の受光部との距離を一定にする測距手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の植物の生育度測定装置。 The plant growth degree measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising distance measuring means for making a distance between a plant to be measured and the first light receiving unit constant. 前記植物の位置を確認するための位置情報取得装置と接続可能に設定され、前記位置情報取得装置からの情報を用いて圃場に関する生育度データを作成することを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の植物の生育度測定装置。 The position information acquisition device for confirming the position of the plant is set so as to be connectable, and the growth degree data on the field is created using information from the position information acquisition device. The plant growth degree measuring apparatus according to any one of the above. １つの受光部を、前記第１の受光部及び前記第２の受光部として兼用することを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の植物の生育度測定装置。
4. The plant growth degree measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one light receiving unit is also used as the first light receiving unit and the second light receiving unit. 5.
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