JP2006301551A - Dc motor rotation principle explaning device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a DC motor rotation principle explaning device which facilitates understanding of a multipolar DC motor through visual decision of the revolution principle of multipolar DC motor. <P>SOLUTION: The device enables learning of the rotation direction of a three-pole simulated armature 6 by the state of lighting of the three-pole simulated armature 6 which can be rotated manually, and N-polarity display lamps 21, 23 and 25 equipped to the poles 6a, 6b, and 6c, and S-polarity display lamps 22, 24 and 26, and a state of lighting of a simulated fixed field magnetic pole, N-polarity display lamps 27 and 29 of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole, and S-polarity display lamps 28 and 30. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a direct current motor rotation principle explanation device for visually appealing and understanding the rotation principle of a direct current motor (electric motor) learned by elementary school students or junior high school students.

There are various tools and models as conventional DC motor rotation principle explanation devices, but most of them are configured to be explained by N / S2 pole fixed field pole and two pole type simulated armature. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
These tools and models can give you some understanding of the rotation principle of DC motors, but most DC motors in practical use are multipolar. Therefore, it has been difficult for elementary school students or junior high school students to fully understand the above-mentioned bipolar tools and models.

JP 2002-366026 A

  The problem to be solved is that it was difficult for elementary school students or junior high school students to fully understand the multi-pole rotation principle as well as the rotation principle of the DC motor.

  In the DC motor rotation principle explanation device according to the present invention, an N-polarity indicator lamp and an S-polarity indicator lamp provided on each pole of a three-pole type simulated armature, and an N-polarity indicator lamp and an S-polarity indicator lamp of a simulated fixed field pole The main feature is that the rotation direction of the three-pole simulated armature can be learned by the lighting state. The second solution is to provide a two-pole simulated armature as an accessory, and compare the two-pole and three-pole types to explain the rotation principle and characteristics of a multi-pole DC motor. It is something that can be done.

  The DC motor rotation principle explanation device of the present invention has an advantage that it can easily explain not only the rotation principle of the DC motor but also the multipolar rotation principle in a practical DC motor. In addition, since it can be easily replaced with a two-pole rotor, the rotation operation of a three-pole (multi-pole) rotor can be explained in an easy-to-understand manner compared to a two-pole rotor.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 to 8 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view, FIG. 2 is a plan view, FIG. 3 is a front view, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing the relationship between a commutator and a brush. FIGS. 5 to 8 are electric circuit diagrams. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a base made of wood or a synthetic resin material, and 2 and 3 are bearing plates made of a metal plate, and are erected at predetermined positions on the base 1 so as to face each other. Both or one of the bearing plates 2 and 3 is provided with an insertion groove 2a in the bearing hole portion (the insertion groove 3a of the bearing plate 3 is not shown) so that an armature shaft 4 described later can be fitted from above. Has been made. Reference numeral 4 denotes an armature shaft supported between the bearing plates 2 and 3 so that it can rotate, and a manual rotation knob 5 is provided at one end. Reference numeral 6 denotes a simulated armature attached to an intermediate portion of the armature shaft 4 and is formed of a synthetic resin plate or high-strength cardboard in a Y-shape with an interval of 120 degrees. Each Y-shaped tip is formed in a three-pole magnetic pole part 6a, 6b, 6c. A simulated armature coil 7 is wound around three magnetic pole portions 6a, 6b and 6c. 8 is a simulated commutator, which is attached to one end of the armature shaft 4. The three commutator pieces 8a, 8b, 8c of the simulated commutator 8 are formed of a copper plate or a brass plate, and the three commutator pieces and the simulated commutator 8 and the armature shaft 4 are insulated. Yes.

  Reference numeral 9 denotes a brush composed of a pair of brush pieces 9a and 9b, which is formed of an elastic conductive material such as a phosphor bronze plate. One end is fixed to the base 1 and the other end is in contact with the simulated commutator 8. Is configured to do. Reference numerals 10 and 11 denote a pair of simulated fixed field magnetic poles erected on the base 1, which are formed of a synthetic resin plate or high-strength cardboard, and between the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 10 and the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 11. Six three-pole magnetic pole portions 6a, 6b, 6c are arranged so as to be rotatable. Reference numerals 14 and 15 denote power supply clips, and reference numeral 16a denotes a direct-current power supply battery which serves as a direct-current power supply for an indicator lamp installed in a simulated armature 6 described later. The power supply clips 14 and 15 are connection tools for connecting to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery 16a according to the content of the description when the principle of rotation of the DC motor is described. Reference numeral 16b (shown in FIGS. 2 and 5) is also a battery of a DC power source, which serves as a DC power source for an indicator lamp installed in simulated fixed field magnetic poles 10 and 11 described later. 17 (shown in FIG. 5) is the main switch of the circuit of the indicator lamp installed on the simulated fixed field poles 10 and 11, and 18 (shown in FIG. 5) is the main switch of the circuit of the indicator lamp installed on the simulated armature 6. It is. Reference numeral 20 (shown in FIG. 5) denotes a simulated fixed field magnetic pole conversion switch.

Reference numerals 21 to 26 denote polarity indicator lamps installed on the three magnetic pole portions 6 a, 6 b, 6 c of the simulated armature 6. That is, the N polarity indicator lamp 21 and the S polarity indicator lamp 22 are installed in the magnetic pole part 6a. An N polarity indicator lamp 23 and an S polarity indicator lamp 24 are installed in the magnetic pole portion 6b. An N polarity indicator lamp 25 and an S polarity indicator lamp 26 are installed in the magnetic pole portion 6c. Reference numerals 27 to 30 denote polarity indicator lamps installed on the simulated fixed field magnetic poles 10 and 11. That is, the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 10 is provided with an N polarity indicator lamp 27 and an S polarity indicator lamp 28. The simulated fixed field magnetic pole 11 is provided with an N-polarity indicator lamp 29 and an S-polarity indicator lamp 2. In the above, the N polarity indicator lamps 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 use red light emitting diodes, and the S polarity indicator lamps 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 use blue light emitting diodes.
Also, a + (plus) polarity indicator lamp 31 and a-(minus) polarity indicator lamp 32 for displaying the polarity of the battery 16a are installed near the battery 16a of the DC power supply. Although this indicator lamp also uses a light emitting diode, the color of the light emitting diode may be red and blue, or other colors. Note that constant current diodes are all connected in series to the light emitting diodes of the polarity indicator lamps 21 to 32, but the reference numerals are omitted.

  In the above components, the simulated armature 6, the simulated armature coil 7, the simulated commutator 8, the simulated fixed field magnetic poles 10, 11, and the like have a shape and structure similar to the illustration for motor learning shown in the textbook. However, it may have a shape / structure different from the illustration for learning. The relationship between the polarity indicator lamps 21 to 32 and the main switches 17 and 18 is configured as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG.

  The operation of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device having the above configuration will be described. In this description, when the N polarity indicator lamps 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 (red light emitting diodes) are lit on the circuit diagram of FIG. 5, they are indicated by white circles. When it is not lit, the diode sign is used. Similarly, when the S polarity indicator lamps 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 (blue light emitting diodes) are lit, they are indicated by black circles. When it is not lit, the diode sign is used. The lighting of the N polarity indicator lamps 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 (red light emitting diodes) means the N polarity of the permanent magnet, and the S polarity indicator lamps 22, 24, 26, 28, 30. Lighting of (blue light emitting diode) means the S polarity of the permanent magnet.

First, in the state of FIG. 5, the main switches 17 and 18 are turned on. When this is turned on, the + polarity indicator lamp 31 and the -polarity indicator lamp 32 are lit. After the main switches 17 and 18 are turned on, the power clip 14 is connected to the circuit of the brush piece 9a, and the power clip 15 is connected to the circuit of the brush piece 9b. By this connection, a circuit extending from the positive pole of the battery 16a → the brush piece 9a → the commutator piece 8a → the N polarity indicator lamp 21 → the commutator piece 8c → the brush piece 9b → the negative pole of the battery 16a is formed, and the magnetic pole portion 6a. The N polarity indicator lamp 21 (red) lights up. Further, the positive electrode of the battery 16a → the brush piece 9a → the commutator piece 8a → the S polarity indicator lamp 24 → the commutator piece 8b → the S polarity indicator lamp 26 → the commutator piece 8c → the brush piece 9b → the negative electrode of the battery 16a. A circuit is formed, and the S polarity indicator lamp 24 (blue) of the magnetic pole portion 6b and the S polarity indicator lamp 26 (blue) of the magnetic pole portion 6c are lit.
Next, when the simulated fixed field pole conversion switch 20 is turned on as shown in the figure, a circuit is formed from the positive pole of the battery 16b → the S polarity indicator lamp 28 → the N polarity indicator lamp 29 → the negative pole of the battery 16b. The S polarity indicator lamp 27 (blue) of the simulated fixed field pole 11 and the N polarity indicator lamp 29 (red) of the simulated fixed field pole 10 are lit. These lighting states are shown in FIG.

In FIG. 6, it is assumed that the N-polarity indicator lamp 29 (red) of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 10 is turned on in FIG. Further, lighting of the S polarity indicator lamp 27 (blue) of the simulated fixed field pole 11 assumes that the simulated fixed field pole 11 has S polarity. Furthermore, in the simulated armature 6, the lighting of the N polarity indicator lamp 21 (red) of the magnetic pole portion 6a assumes that the magnetic pole portion 6a has N polarity. When the S polarity indicator lamp 24 (blue) of the magnetic pole portion 6b is turned on, it is assumed that the magnetic pole portion 6b has S polarity. When the S polarity indicator lamp 26 (blue) of the magnetic pole portion 6c is turned on, it is assumed that the magnetic pole portion 6c has the S polarity.
Accordingly, it is determined that an attractive force is generated between the N pole red color of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 10 and the S pole blue color of the magnetic pole part 6c, and between the S pole blue color of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 11 and the S pole blue color of the magnetic pole part 6b. Judged to generate repulsive force. From this determination, it is understood that the simulated armature 6 rotates in the arrow A direction.

  As a result of the rotation, the magnetic pole portion 6a of the simulated armature 6 is located at the lower right, the magnetic pole portion 6b is located at the lower left, and the magnetic pole portion 6c is located at the upper center, as shown in FIG. , 8b and 8c rotate together. By this rotation, the contact relationship of the brush pieces 9a, 9b with respect to the commutator pieces 8a, 8b, 8c changes. Due to the change in the contact relationship between the brush pieces 9a and 9b, the S polarity indicator lamp 22 of the magnetic pole portion 6a is lit and becomes S polar blue, and the S polarity indicator lamp 24 of the magnetic pole portion 6b is lit and becomes S pole blue. Accordingly, it is determined that an attractive force is generated between the N pole red color of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 10 and the S pole blue color of the magnetic pole part 6b, and between the S pole blue color of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 11 and the S pole blue color of the magnetic pole part 6a. Judged to generate repulsive force. From this determination, it is understood that the simulated armature 6 rotates in the direction of arrow A as described above.

  When rotating from the state of FIG. 7 in the direction of arrow A, as shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic pole part 6c of the simulated armature 6 is on the lower right, the magnetic pole part 6a is on the lower left, and the magnetic pole part 6b is on the center. The commutator pieces 8a, 8b, 8c of the commutator 8 also rotate together. By this rotation, the contact relationship of the brush pieces 9a, 9b with respect to the commutator pieces 8a, 8b, 8c changes. Due to the change in the contact relationship between the brush pieces 9a and 9b, the S polarity indicator lamp 22 of the magnetic pole portion 6a is lit and becomes S polar blue, and the S polarity indicator lamp 26 of the magnetic pole portion 6c is lit and becomes S pole blue. Accordingly, it is determined that an attractive force is generated between the N pole red color of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 10 and the S pole blue color of the magnetic pole part 6a, and between the S pole blue color of the simulated fixed field magnetic pole 11 and the S pole blue color of the magnetic pole part 6b. Judged to generate repulsive force. From this determination, it is understood that the simulated armature 6 rotates in the direction of arrow A as described above.

  When explaining this to school children, teach in advance that an attractive force acts between the north and south poles of the permanent magnet, and a repulsive force acts between the north and north poles or between the south and south poles. Keep it. It is also taught that when a coil is wound around an iron core and a direct current is passed through it, one of the iron cores becomes the N pole and the other becomes the S pole. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in each of the magnetic pole portions 6a, 6b, and 6c in which the three poles are formed in a Y shape, if the magnetic pole portion 6a is an N pole, the magnetic pole portions 6b and 6c are S poles. Therefore, if the magnetic pole part 6b is an N pole, the magnetic pole parts 6a and 6c are S poles, and if the magnetic pole part 6c is an N pole, the coil is wound so that the magnetic pole parts 6a and 6b are S poles. deep. These are clearly understood by school children through simple experiments. By just understanding the formation of the magnetic pole and the attraction / repulsion of the magnetic pole, the explanation by the DC motor rotation principle explanation device can be easily made, and the rotation principle of the DC motor can be properly understood. Further, when the simulated armature 6 is rapidly rotated, the N-polarity indicator lamp and the S-polarity indicator lamp have a belt-like pattern, and the switching state between the N-polarity and the S-polarity is visually identified to increase learning motivation. Produce.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
The direct current motor rotation principle explanation device shown in the first embodiment includes the three-pole magnetic pole portions 6a, 6b, and 6c as the configuration of the simulated armature 6. It can also be easily explained by replacing the provided armature.
That is, FIG. 9 is an electric circuit diagram in a DC motor rotation principle explanation device using a simulated armature having a two-pole magnetic pole portion, and a DC motor using a simulated armature having a three-pole magnetic pole portion in the first embodiment. In the rotation principle explanation device (shown in FIGS. 1 and 5), the simulated armature 6 is replaced with a simulated armature 61, and the simulated commutator 8 is replaced with a simulated commutator 81.

  FIG. 10 shows a rotor having a two-pole simulated armature 61 and a simulated commutator 81, in which 61 is a simulated armature, 81 is a simulated commutator having commutator pieces 81a and 81b, 4 is an armature shaft, and 5 is a manual rotation knob, which are made of the same material as that for the three-pole type and are integrated. In addition, 61a and 61b are magnetic pole portions, 62 is a simulated armature coil, 63 to 66 are polarity indicator lamps, and an N polarity indicator lamp 63 and an S polarity indicator lamp 64 are installed in the magnetic pole portion 6a. An N polarity indicator lamp 65 and an S polarity indicator lamp 66 are installed in the magnetic pole portion 6b. In the above, the N polarity indicator lamps 63 and 65 use red light emitting diodes, and the S polarity indicator lamps 64 and 66 use blue light emitting diodes. The rotor including the two-pole simulated armature 61 and the simulated commutator 81 is similar to the rotor of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-366026. Although the electric circuit diagram and form shown in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-36626 are slightly different from the electric circuit diagram of the second embodiment (FIG. 9), the lighting of the indicator lamp for understanding the operation is the same.

  In order to replace the two-pole simulated armature, either or both of the bearing plates 2 and 3 are provided with an insertion groove 4a as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, or the bearing plate It is desirable that 2 and 3 can be easily attached to and detached from the base 1. Further, in order to stop the simulated armature from moving in the axial direction, it is desirable to provide a retaining ring 4a as shown in FIG. Furthermore, switching and the like can be facilitated by separating the battery as the DC power source into the battery 16a and the battery 16b.

  In the configurations of the first and second embodiments described above, the polarity indicator lamp uses a light emitting diode. However, the polarity indicator lamp is not limited to the light emitting diode, and can be turned on if a polarity indicator lamp such as a surface light emitter is used. Since the display surface becomes large, it is easy to understand the polarity. In addition, a battery as a DC power supply is provided with an indicator lamp for displaying +-polarity, which is an important configuration for easy understanding.

  As described above, the DC motor rotation principle explanation device of the present invention is explained with a rotor for three poles, but can be easily replaced with a rotor for two poles. The rotation operation of the tripolar (multipolar) rotor can be explained in an easy-to-understand manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a DC motor rotation principle explanation device showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The top view of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device. Front view of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device Enlarged perspective view showing relationship between commutator and brush Electric circuit diagram of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device Electric circuit diagram of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device Electric circuit diagram of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device Electric circuit diagram of the DC motor rotation principle explanation device Electric circuit diagram of DC motor rotation principle explanation device showing embodiment 2 Enlarged perspective view showing a simulated armature of the second embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base 2 Bearing plate 3 Bearing plate 4 Armature shaft 6 Simulated armature 8 Simulated commutator 9a Brush 9b Brush 10 Simulated fixed field magnetic pole 11 Simulated fixed field magnetic pole 16a Battery 16b Battery 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 N polarity display Lights 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 S polarity indicator

Claims (5)

  An armature shaft supported by a bearing plate so that it can be manually rotated, a three-pole simulated armature attached to an intermediate portion of the armature shaft, and a simulated commutator attached to one end of the armature shaft And one end is in sliding contact with the simulated commutator and the other end is opposed to a DC power source and a magnetic pole portion of the three-pole simulated armature so that the three-pole simulated armature can rotate. A pair of simulated fixed field magnetic poles disposed on the DC power supply via the simulated commutator and brush, and installed at each magnetic pole of the three-pole simulated armature, and either N polarity indicator lamps and S polarity indicator lamps that can be selected and turned on, and are connected to the DC power source and installed in each of the pair of simulated fixed field poles, and either one is N polarity table that can be selected and lit Lamps and S-polarity indicator lamps, and the three-pole simulated armature N-polarity indicator lamps and S-polarity indicator lamps, and the simulated fixed field pole N-polarity indicator lamps and S-polarity indicator lamps, DC motor rotation principle explanation device designed to be able to learn the rotation direction of the three-pole simulated armature.   DC power supply for turning on the N-polarity indicator lamp and S-polarity indicator lamp installed at the magnetic pole of the 3-pole simulated armature, and the N-polarity indicator lamp and S-polarity indicator lamp installed at the simulated fixed field pole 2. The direct current motor rotation principle explanation device according to claim 1, wherein the direct current power source is a separate direct current power source.   The DC power source for lighting the N-polarity indicator lamp and the S-polarity indicator lamp installed at the magnetic pole part of the three-pole type simulated armature is provided with an indicator lamp that displays the polarity of the DC power source. The direct current motor rotation principle explanation device according to claim 1 or 2.   The N-polarity indicator lamp and the S-polarity indicator lamp installed at the magnetic pole part of the three-pole type simulated armature are indicator lamps formed of a surface light emitter. DC motor rotation principle explanation device described in 1.   The direct current motor rotation principle explanation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a two-pole type simulated armature is provided as an accessory.

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