JP2006301088A - Three-dimensional display method and three-dimensional display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform three-dimensional display in many cases by making an addition system and a subtraction system switchable thereby reducing restricting factors for performing three-dimensional display. <P>SOLUTION: In a DFD system three-dimensional display method, two methods as follows are switched, that is, a method for displaying a three-dimensional picture by adding the luminance of a two-dimensional picture displayed on a back surface to the luminance of a two-dimensional picture displayed on a front surface, assuming that two adjacent display surfaces are set as the front surface and the back surface respectively, and respectively and independently changing the luminance of the two-dimensional picture displayed on each display surface for each display surface so that the luminance observed by an observer may be equal to the luminance of an original display target object according to the added luminance of the two-dimensional picture; and a method for displaying a three-dimensional picture by subtracting the luminance of the two-dimensional picture displayed on the back surface from the luminance of the two-dimensional picture displayed on the front surface, and respectively and independently changing the luminance of the two-dimensional picture displayed on each display surface for each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer may be equal to the luminance of the original display target object according to the absolute value of the subtracted luminance of the two-dimensional picture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display method and a three-dimensional display device using a DFD display method, and in particular, it is possible to reduce a limiting factor when performing three-dimensional display using a DFD display method and to perform three-dimensional display in many cases. Related to technology.

The present inventors have been able to suppress the contradiction between physiological factors of stereoscopic vision, and can easily perform three-dimensional display without using stereoscopic glasses, and the three-dimensional DFD (Depth-Fused-3D) method. A display device has been proposed (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 below).
The proposed three-dimensional display device described above displays a two-dimensional image on a plurality of display surfaces, and changes the brightness (or transparency) of the two-dimensional image displayed on the plurality of display surfaces for each display surface. To display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image.

As prior art documents related to the invention of the present application, there are the following.
Japanese Patent No. 3022558 Japanese Patent No. 3460671

FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a conventional three-dimensional display method of the DFD method.
FIG. 23A shows a DFD-type three-dimensional display device configured by stacking two light-emitting transmission type displays (7-1, 7-2), and is referred to herein as a luminance addition method.
In FIG. 23 (a), the luminance of the light emitting elements of the front of the display (7-1) and I _F, when the luminance of the light emitting element of the rear display and I _R, a luminance addition method is from these front and rear surfaces since luminance is simply added, the brightness of the overlapping portion becomes I = I F ₊ I _R.
FIG. 23B shows a DFD type three-dimensional display device configured by stacking two absorption-type transmissive displays (7-1, 7-2) using elements such as color filters. Then, this is called a luminance division method.
In FIG. 23 (b), the transmittance T _R of the rear _display, when the transmittance of the front of the display and T _F, the luminance division method, the transmittance T of the display of overlapping portions of the rear and front of the display , a _T = T _F × T _R.

In the DFD three-dimensional display method using the luminance addition method, it is easy to three-dimensionally display a display target object having a high luminance. However, a three-dimensional display of a display target object having a low luminance using the DFD display method is not possible. For example, it has been difficult to distribute luminance to the front and rear surfaces.
In particular, when the brightness of the display target object to be expressed is lower than the surrounding brightness, the brightness cannot be increased to the surrounding brightness, so the display range is limited only to the vicinity of the middle between the front surface and the rear surface, and the 3D display is possible. There was a problem that it became more difficult.
In the DFD three-dimensional display method using the luminance division method, the luminance can be reduced from a two-dimensional image with high luminance. Therefore, it is easy to three-dimensionally display a display target object with low luminance, but the luminance is high. It has been difficult to display a display target object three-dimensionally by the DFD display method because, for example, it becomes difficult to distribute luminance to the front surface and the rear surface.
In particular, when the luminance of a display target object to be expressed is higher than the surrounding luminance, three-dimensional display has become more difficult.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to use an addition method and a subtraction method in a three-dimensional display method and a three-dimensional display device of a DFD display method, or It is possible to switch between an addition method and a division method, or a subtraction method and a division method, and to provide a technique capable of reducing a limiting factor when performing three-dimensional display and performing three-dimensional display in many cases. There is.
The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

Of the inventions disclosed in this application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.
In order to solve the above-described problem, the present invention generates a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a viewer's line of sight on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the viewer. A three-dimensional display method for displaying the generated two-dimensional image on each display surface to display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image, where two adjacent display surfaces are a front surface and a rear surface, respectively. The brightness or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is added to the brightness or transmissivity of the displayed two-dimensional image, and the sum of the luminance or transmissivity of the added two-dimensional image is given to the observer. A three-dimensional solid is obtained by independently changing the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface for each display surface so that the observed luminance becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object. How to display the image and The luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is subtracted from the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image, and the observer observes the absolute value of the difference in luminance or transmittance of the subtracted two-dimensional image. The luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface is changed independently for each display surface so that the observed luminance becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object. It is possible to switch between a method for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image.
Alternatively, the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface is added to the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the sum of the luminance or transmittance of the added two-dimensional image is obtained. The luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface is changed independently for each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. And a method for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image, and the brightness of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface farther than the observer is reduced by the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, Transmission of the two-dimensional images displayed on the respective display surfaces so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the product of the transmittances of the two-dimensional images displayed on the rear surface. The degree is changed independently for each display surface. And enabling the user to switch between a method for displaying a three-dimensional image Te.
Alternatively, the luminance or transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface is subtracted from the luminance or transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the absolute difference between the luminance or transmittance of the subtracted two-dimensional image is subtracted. Depending on the value, the luminance or transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface is set for each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. A method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing independently, and a two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface in which the luminance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface farther than the observer is reduced by the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface. Is displayed on each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the product of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface. The transmission of the dimensional image is measured for each display surface. Independently varied to allow switching between a method for displaying a three-dimensional image.

According to the present invention, a plurality of transmissive display devices that are disposed at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and that have a liquid crystal display panel, and a first and a first that are disposed so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices. Two polarizing plates and a plurality of wave plates arranged so as to be freely inserted between two adjacent transmissive display devices, each of the transmissive display devices displaying on each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device that displays a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a target object from the line of sight of an observer while changing the transparency of the two-dimensional image independently for each transmissive display device. When each of the transmissive display devices is a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device have the respective wavelength plates on the front transmissive display device. Between the front panel and the rear transmissive display In this state, the difference in the transparency of the two-dimensional image obtained by subtracting the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmissive display device from the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmissive display device. By changing the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object, the wavelength plate Is not inserted between the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device, the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmissive display device is displayed on the rear transmissive display device. Displayed on each transmissive display device so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the sum of the transmittances of the two-dimensional images obtained by adding the transmittances of the two-dimensional images. The transparency of the two-dimensional image To.
Here, each wave plate is always arranged between two adjacent transmissive display devices, and can be switched between a state of functioning as a wave plate and a state of emitting while maintaining the polarization direction of incident light. Optical elements (for example, homogeneously oriented liquid crystal display panels, twisted nematic liquid crystal display panels, in-plane liquid crystal display panels, or OCB liquid crystal display panels).

According to the present invention, a plurality of display surfaces arranged at different depth positions as viewed from an observer are configured, and a plurality of transmission type display devices having a liquid crystal display panel are sandwiched between the plurality of transmission type display devices. The first and second polarizing plates arranged on the screen and each of the transmissive display devices, the two-dimensional image obtained by projecting the display target object from the sight line direction of the observer to each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device that displays a dimensional image by changing the transparency of each transmissive display device independently. Each of the two adjacent transmissive display devices includes a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device. In the case of a display device, one of the front and rear transmissive display devices is composed of a transmissive display device A and a transmissive display device B, and maintains the polarization direction of light incident on the transmissive display device A. And the transmission type table A first state in which the polarization direction of light incident on the device B is changed, and a polarization direction of light incident on the transmissive display device A is varied, and the transmissive display device B is incident. The second transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device in the second state can be switched to a second state in which the polarization direction of the emitted light is maintained and emitted. The luminance observed by the observer by the sum of the transparency of the two-dimensional image obtained by adding the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device to the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the device The two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device is changed in transmittance so that is equal to the luminance of the original display target object, and is displayed on the front transmissive display device in the first state. The transmissive display device on the rear surface from the transparency of the two-dimensional image The absolute value of the difference in the transparency of the two-dimensional image obtained by subtracting the transparency of the displayed two-dimensional image is set so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. The transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the transmissive display device is changed.
Here, the liquid crystal display panel is a twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel, and the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display panels of the transmissive display device A and the transmissive display device B is reverse.
The liquid crystal display panel is an OCB type liquid crystal display panel, and the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate in the liquid crystal display panels of the transmission type display device A and the transmission type display device B are orthogonal to each other.

According to the present invention, a plurality of transmissive display devices that are disposed at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and that have a liquid crystal display panel, and a first and a first that are disposed so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices. Each of the transmissive display devices includes a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the sight line direction of the observer onto the transmissive display device. Is a three-dimensional display device that changes the display independently for each transmissive display device, and uses two adjacent transmissive display devices as a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, respectively. The transmissive display device of the front or rear transmissive display device has a liquid crystal display panel whose polarization distributions are opposite to each other at a predetermined voltage when a voltage is applied. Liquid crystal display panel polarization When the cloth is in the first state and the second state, respectively, in the first state, the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device are displayed on the front transmissive display device 2. The absolute value of the difference in the transparency of the two-dimensional image obtained by subtracting the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the transmissive display device on the rear surface from the transparency of the two-dimensional image determines the luminance observed by the observer. The two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmissive display device in the second state is changed by changing the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device so as to be equal to the luminance of the display target object. The luminance observed by the observer is determined by the sum of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image obtained by adding the transmittance of the image to the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmissive display device. Each transmissive display is equal to the brightness Changing the permeability of the two-dimensional image displayed on the location.
Here, the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device on the rear surface is an in-plane liquid crystal display panel or an OCB liquid crystal display panel.

According to the present invention, a plurality of transmissive display devices that are disposed at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and that have a liquid crystal display panel, and a first and a first that are disposed so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices. Two polarizing plates and a plurality of third polarizing plates that can be inserted between two adjacent transmissive display devices, and each of the transmissive display devices is connected to each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device that displays a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the line of sight of an observer while changing the transparency of the two-dimensional image independently for each transmissive display device. When the two transmissive display devices are a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device have the third polarizing plate on the front surface. A transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device; In the inserted state, the brightness of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device far from the observer is reduced by the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmission display device, and the front transmission display The luminance observed by the observer becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the product of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the apparatus and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device. As described above, the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device is changed, and the third polarizing plate is not inserted between the transmissive display device on the front surface and the transmissive display device on the rear surface. In the above, the sum of the transparency of the two-dimensional image obtained by adding the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device to the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmission display device, The brightness observed by the observer is the original display pair. To be equal to the luminance of the object, it changes the permeability of the two-dimensional image displayed on each of the transmissive display device.
Here, each of the third polarizing plates is always disposed between two adjacent transmissive display devices and functions as a polarizing plate, and a state in which the polarization direction of incident light is maintained and emitted. (For example, a guest / host liquid crystal display panel with uniform orientation).

The effects obtained by the representative ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows.
According to the present invention, the addition method and the subtraction method, or the addition method and the division method, or the subtraction method and the division method can be switched, and the limiting factor when performing the three-dimensional display is reduced. Three-dimensional display can be performed.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, parts having the same functions are given the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation thereof is omitted.
First, a DFD type three-dimensional display device that is the basis of the present invention will be described.
[Example of DFD type 3D display device]
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of a DFD type three-dimensional display device.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 14 sets a plurality of surfaces, for example, display surfaces (101, 102) (the display surface 101 is closer to the viewer 100 than the display surface 102) on the front surface of the viewer 100. In order to display a plurality of two-dimensional images on the display surfaces (101, 102), an optical system 103 is constructed using a two-dimensional display device and various optical elements.
Examples of the two-dimensional display device include a CRT, a liquid crystal display, an LED display, a plasma display, an EL display, an FED display, a DMD, a projection display, a line drawing type display such as an oscilloscope, and the like as an optical element. For example, a lens, a total reflection mirror, a partial reflection mirror, a curved mirror, a prism, a polarizing element, a wave plate, or the like is used.
Note that FIG. 14 has the same configuration as that described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, and for the method of setting the display surface, refer to the above-mentioned Patent Document 1.
In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 14, as shown in FIG. 15, the three-dimensional object 104 desired to be presented to the observer 100 is transferred from the line of sight of both eyes of the observer 100 to the display surface (101, 102). Projected images (hereinafter referred to as “2D images”) (105, 106) are generated.
As a method for generating the 2D image, for example, a method using a two-dimensional image obtained by photographing a three-dimensional object 104 with a camera from the line-of-sight direction, a method of combining from a plurality of two-dimensional images taken from different directions, or There are various methods such as a computer graphic synthesis technique and a method using modeling.

As shown in FIG. 14, the 2D image (105, 106) overlaps both the display surface 101 and the display surface 102 as seen from one point on the line connecting the right eye and the left eye of the viewer 100. To display. This can be achieved, for example, by controlling the arrangement of the center position and the gravity center position of each 2D image (105, 106) and the enlargement / reduction of each image.
On the apparatus having such a configuration, the luminance of each of the 2D images (105, 106) is changed in accordance with the depth position of the three-dimensional object 104 while keeping the overall luminance viewed from the observer 100 constant. Thus, a three-dimensional stereoscopic image of the three-dimensional object 104 is displayed.
An example of how to change the luminance of each 2D image (105, 106) will be described. Here, since it is a black and white drawing, for the sake of easy understanding, in the following drawings, the higher luminance is shown darker.
For example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is on the display surface 101, as shown in FIG. 16, the luminance of the 2D image 105 above is made equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional object 104, and 2D on the display surface 102 is displayed. The luminance of the converted image 106 is zero.
Next, for example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is slightly away from the observer 100 and is slightly closer to the display surface 102 than the display surface 101, the luminance of the 2D image 105 is increased as shown in FIG. Slightly lower the brightness of the 2D image 106 slightly.

Next, for example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is further away from the viewer 100 and is further away from the display surface 101 toward the display surface 102, the brightness of the 2D image 105 is increased as shown in FIG. Further down, the brightness of the 2D image 106 is further increased.
Further, for example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is on the display surface 102, the luminance of the 2D image 106 on the display surface 102 is made equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional object 104 as shown in FIG. The brightness of the 2D image 105 is zero.
By displaying in this way, even if the 2D image (105, 106) is displayed due to the physiological or psychological factors or illusions of the observer (person) 100, it is as if the observer 100 It feels as if the three-dimensional object 104 is located in the middle of the display surface (101, 102).
For example, when a 2D image (105, 106) having substantially the same luminance is displayed on the display surface (101, 102), the three-dimensional object 104 appears near the middle of the depth position of the display surface (101, 102). I can feel it. In this case, the three-dimensional object 104 is perceived by the observer 100 with a stereoscopic effect.

In the above description, for example, the method of expressing the depth position of the entire three-dimensional object using, for example, a two-dimensional image displayed on the display surface (101, 102) has been mainly described. It is obvious that the 3D display device can be used as a method of expressing the depth of the 3D object itself, for example.
An important point in expressing the depth of the three-dimensional object itself is that the brightness of each part of the 2D image (105, 106) is viewed from the observer 100 on the apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. It is to change corresponding to the depth position of each part of the three-dimensional object 104 while keeping the overall luminance constant.
In the above description, the description has been given of the case where only two surfaces are mainly described among the surfaces on which the two-dimensional image is arranged, and the object to be presented to the observer is between the two surfaces. It is obvious that a three-dimensional stereoscopic image can be displayed by a similar method even when the number of surfaces on which images are arranged is larger than this or when the position of an object to be presented is different.
For example, there are three surfaces, a first three-dimensional object between the surface close to the observer 100 and the intermediate surface, and a second 3 between the intermediate surface and the surface far from the observer 100. When a three-dimensional object exists, a 2D image of the first three-dimensional object is displayed on a surface close to the observer 100 and an intermediate surface, and on the intermediate surface and a surface far from the observer 100. By displaying the 2D image of the second 3D object, it is possible to display 3D images of the first and second 3D objects.

Furthermore, regarding the case where the 2D image is moved three-dimensionally, the movement of the observer in the horizontal and vertical directions can be achieved by moving image reproduction on the display surface as in the case of a normal two-dimensional display device. Regarding the movement in the depth direction, the luminance of each of the 2D images (105, 106) is changed with time in the depth position of the three-dimensional stereoscopic image while keeping the overall luminance viewed from the observer 100 constant. It is clear that a moving image of a three-dimensional image can be expressed by changing it correspondingly.
For example, a case where a three-dimensional stereoscopic image moves from the display surface 101 to the display surface 102 in time will be described.
When the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is on the display surface 101, the luminance of the 2D image 105 on the display surface 101 is made equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional stereoscopic image, as shown in FIG. The luminance of the converted image 106 is zero.
Next, for example, when the three-dimensional stereoscopic image gradually moves away from the observer 100 slightly in time and approaches the display surface 102 side slightly from the display surface 101, as shown in FIG. Corresponding to the movement of the depth position of the three-dimensional stereoscopic image, the luminance of the 2D image 105 is slightly lowered in time, and the luminance of the 2D image 106 is slightly increased in time.

Next, for example, when the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is further distant from the observer 100 in time and moved to a position closer to the display surface 102 than the display surface 101, as shown in FIG. Corresponding to the movement of the depth position of the three-dimensional stereoscopic image, the luminance of the 2D image 105 is further lowered in time, and the luminance of the 2D image 106 is further raised in time.
Further, for example, when the 3D stereoscopic image has moved to the display surface 102 over time, as shown in FIG. 19, the 2D image above the 3D stereoscopic image corresponding to the movement of the depth position of the 3D stereoscopic image. The luminance of 106 is changed over time until it becomes equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional stereoscopic image, and is changed until the luminance of the 2D image 105 on the display surface 101 becomes zero.
By displaying in this way, even if a 2D image (105, 106) is displayed due to a human physiological or psychological factor or illusion, the viewer 100 is as if the display surface (101, 101) is displayed. 102), it is felt that the three-dimensional stereoscopic image moves from the display surface 101 to the display surface 102 in the depth direction.

In the above description, the case where the three-dimensional stereoscopic image moves from the display surface 101 to the display surface 102 has been described, but this moves from the halfway position between the display surfaces (101, 102) to the display surface 102. Or when moving from the display surface 101 to a mid-depth position between the display surfaces (101, 102) or from the mid-depth position between the display surfaces (101, 102). It is clear that the same can be done even when moving to another depth position in the middle.
In the above description, a description is given of a case where only two surfaces are mainly described among surfaces on which a 2D image is arranged, and a three-dimensional stereoscopic image presented to the observer 100 moves between the two surfaces. However, even if the number of planes on which a two-dimensional image is arranged is larger than this, or even when a three-dimensional object to be presented moves across multiple planes, a three-dimensional stereoscopic image is displayed using the same method. Obviously, similar effects can be expected.
In the above description, the case where one three-dimensional stereoscopic image moves in two planes on which two-dimensional images are arranged has been described. However, when a plurality of three-dimensional objects move, that is, displayed. When the two-dimensional image includes a plurality of object images having different movement directions, the luminance of the object image displayed on each display surface changes for each object image according to the movement direction and movement speed of the object. Obviously, you can do that.

[Other examples of DFD type 3D display devices]
FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining another example of the DFD type three-dimensional display device as a premise of the present invention.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 20 has a plurality of transmissive display devices, for example, transmissive display devices (111, 112) (the transmissive display device 111 is closer to the observer than the transmissive display device 112 in front of the observer 100. The optical system 103 is constructed using various optical elements and a light source 110. That is, in this embodiment, the transmissive display device (111, 112) is used in place of the display surface (101, 102) in FIG.
Examples of the transmissive display device (111, 112) include a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, an in-plane liquid crystal display, a homogeneous liquid crystal display, a ferroelectric liquid crystal display, a guest-host liquid crystal display, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal. A display, a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal display, or a combination thereof is used. Further, as the optical element, for example, a lens, a total reflection mirror, a partial reflection mirror, a curved mirror, a prism, a polarization element, a wave plate, or the like is used.
20 shows a case where the backlight (light source) 110 is arranged at the rearmost position when viewed from the observer 100, and FIG. 20 shows the same configuration as that described in Patent Document 2 described above. belongs to.

Also in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 20, as shown in FIG. 15 described above, the three-dimensional object 104 desired to be presented to the observer 100 is viewed from the observer 100 to the transmissive display device (111, 112). A projected 2D image (107, 108) is generated.
As shown in FIG. 20, the 2D image (107, 108) is obtained from one point on the line connecting the right eye and the left eye of the viewer 100 on both the transmissive display device 111 and the transmissive display device 112, respectively. The two-dimensional images (107, 108) are displayed so as to overlap.
This can be achieved, for example, by controlling the arrangement of the center position and the center of gravity position of each 2D image (107, 108) and the enlargement / reduction ratio of each image.
On the apparatus having the above-described configuration, an image viewed by the observer 100 is generated by light emitted from the light source 110, transmitted through the 2D image 108, and further transmitted through the 2D image 107.
In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 20, the distribution of the transmittance of each of the 2D images (107, 108) is kept constant on the device having the above-described configuration while keeping the overall luminance as viewed from the observer 100 constant. A three-dimensional stereoscopic image of the three-dimensional object existing between the transmissive display device 111 and the transmissive display device 112 is displayed in accordance with the depth position of the three-dimensional object 104.

An example of how to change the transparency of each of the 2D images (107, 108) will be described.
For example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is on the transmissive display device 111, the transparency on the transmissive display device 111 is set so that the luminance of the 2D image 107 is equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional object 104. For example, the transparency of the portion of the 2D image 108 on the transmissive display device 112 is set to the maximum value of the transmissive display device 112.
Next, for example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is slightly away from the observer 100 and is slightly closer to the transmissive display device 112 than the transmissive display device 111, the 2D display on the transmissive display device 111 is performed. The transmittance of the portion of the image 107 is slightly increased, and the transmittance of the portion of the 2D image 108 on the transmissive display device 112 is slightly decreased.
Next, for example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is further away from the viewer 100 and is closer to the transmissive display device 112 than the transmissive display device 111, 2D conversion on the transmissive display device 111 is performed. The transmittance of the portion of the image 107 is further increased, and the transmittance of the portion of the 2D image 108 on the transmissive display device 112 is further decreased.
Further, for example, when the three-dimensional object 104 is on the transmissive display device 112, the transmittance on the transmissive display device 112 is set so that the luminance of the 2D image 108 is equal to the luminance of the three-dimensional object 104. For example, the transparency of the portion of the 2D image 107 on the transmissive display device 111 is set to the maximum value of the transmissive display device 111.

By displaying in this way, even if a 2D image (107, 108) is displayed due to a physiological or psychological factor or illusion of the observer (person) 100, the observer 100 is as if it is displayed. It feels as if the three-dimensional object 104 is located in the middle of the transmissive display device (111, 112).
That is, for example, when a 2D image (107, 108) having substantially the same luminance is displayed on the transmissive display device (111, 112), 3 near the middle of the depth position of the transmissive display device (111, 112). A dimensional object 104 is felt. In this case, the three-dimensional object 104 is perceived by the observer 100 with a stereoscopic effect.
In the above description, for example, the method of expressing the depth position of the entire three-dimensional object using, for example, a two-dimensional image displayed on the transmissive display device (111, 112) has been mainly described. It is obvious that the three-dimensional display device 20 can also be used as a method of expressing the depth of the three-dimensional object itself, for example, by the same method as the method described in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG.
Also in the 3D display device shown in FIG. 20, when the 2D image moves three-dimensionally by the same method as the method described in the 3D display device shown in FIG. The movement in the vertical direction is possible by moving image reproduction in the transmissive display device as in the case of a normal two-dimensional display device, and the movement in the depth direction is transmitted through a plurality of transmissive display devices. It is obvious that a moving image of a three-dimensional stereoscopic image can be expressed by temporally changing the degree.

[Modification of 3D Display Device Shown in FIG. 20]
FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG.
In the three-dimensional display device illustrated in FIG. 21, a transmissive display device 111, a scattering plate 204, and a transmissive display device 112 are disposed between the polarizing plate 203 and the polarizing plate 213.
The transmissive display device 111 includes a liquid crystal display panel 201 that functions as a polarization variable device, and a color filter 202. Similarly, the transmissive display device 112 includes a liquid crystal display panel 211 that functions as a polarization variable device, and a color filter. And a filter 212.
Further, a light source (backlight) 205 is disposed behind the polarizing plate 213 (on the side opposite to the transmissive display device 112 of the polarizing plate 213).
Here, the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) has a polarizing plate formed from a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, an in-plane liquid crystal display device, a homogeneous liquid crystal display device, a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display device, or the like. Consists of removed devices.
Since the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) can change the direction of polarization in units of pixels, the intensity of the emitted light can be changed depending on the polarization direction of the emitted light and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate on the exit side. As described above, the light transmittance can be changed.
Therefore, the transmittance can be changed independently for each of the liquid crystal display panel 201 and the liquid crystal display panel 211 by controlling the polarization direction of the light passing through each pixel unit of the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211). .
However, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 21, the 2D images (107, 108) displayed on the transmissive display devices (111, 112) need to be two-dimensional images of color images.

Also in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 21, the three-dimensional display device 111 is placed on the transmissive display device (111, 112) or at an arbitrary position between the transmissive display device 111 and the transmissive display device 112 by the method described above. A stereoscopic image can be displayed.
Moreover, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 21, a color filter (202) composed of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is provided for each pixel of each liquid crystal display panel (201, 211). , 212), a three-dimensional stereoscopic image of a color image can be displayed.
However, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 21, the polarization direction of each liquid crystal display panel (201, 212) is considered in consideration that the polarization direction changes while passing through the liquid crystal display panel 201 and the liquid crystal display panel 21. It is necessary to control the direction.
In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 21, each transmissive display device (111, 112) includes a liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) that functions as a polarization variable device, and a color filter (202, 212). . Therefore, moire may occur due to differences in the arrangement direction, arrangement pitch, and the like of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) filters in the color filter 202 and the color filter 212.
For this reason, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 21, a scattering plate 204 is disposed between the color filter 202 and the color filter 212 so as to prevent the above-described moire.

[Modification of 3D Display Device Shown in FIG. 21]
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a modification of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 22 omits the color filter 202 of the transmissive display device 111, and the transmissive display device 111 is a transmissive display device that displays black and white (monochrome). It is different from the display device.
Further, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 22, the arrangement direction, arrangement pitch, etc. of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) filters in the color filter 202 and the color filter 212 described above. The scattering plate 204 is also omitted because there is no risk of moire due to the difference.
However, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 22, the 2D image 107 displayed on the transmissive display device 111 is a two-dimensional image of a black and white image, and the 2D image displayed on the transmissive display device 112. 108 needs to be a two-dimensional image of a color image.
Further, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 22, since one color filter is omitted as compared with the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 15, the display becomes brighter than the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. .

In the DFD type three-dimensional display device, the luminance viewed from the observer 100 on each display surface is changed for each display surface to display a three-dimensional stereoscopic image.
That is, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 14, the depth of the three-dimensional object 104 is maintained while keeping the overall luminance viewed from the observer 100 constant in the distribution of the luminance of each of the 2D images (105, 106). A three-dimensional stereoscopic image is displayed in accordance with the position.
Further, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 20, the distribution of the transparency of each of the 2D images (107, 108) is kept constant for the three-dimensional object 104 while keeping the overall luminance as viewed from the observer 100 constant. A three-dimensional stereoscopic image is displayed by changing in accordance with the depth position.
As described above, in the 3D display device shown in FIG. 14, the brightness of the 2D image displayed on the surface closer to the 3D object 104 is set to the 2D image displayed on the surface far from the 3D object 104. 20, in the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 20, the transparency of the 2D image displayed on the transmissive display device closer to the three-dimensional object 104 is given to the three-dimensional object 104. The difference is that the transmittance of the 2D image displayed on the farther transmissive display device is reduced.
Therefore, in the 3D display device shown in FIG. 20, when the depth of the 3D object itself is expressed using the same method as the 3D display device shown in FIG. 14, or a moving image of a 3D stereoscopic image is expressed. In the case where the luminance of the 2D image displayed on each display surface is increased in the 3D display device shown in FIG. 14, the transparency of the 2D image displayed on each transmissive display device is increased. In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 20, when the luminance of the 2D image displayed on each display surface is decreased, the transparency of the 2D image displayed on each transmissive display device is increased. It may be increased.

[Diffraction subtraction method of 3D display method of DFD method]
The luminance subtraction method generates a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the viewing direction of the observer on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer, and In a three-dimensional display method (so-called DFD three-dimensional display method) for displaying a generated two-dimensional image and displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image, when two adjacent display surfaces are a front surface and a rear surface, respectively, The luminance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is subtracted from the luminance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, or the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is subtracted from the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface. 2 is displayed on each display surface such that the luminance observed by the observer by the absolute value of the difference in luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. Dimensional image brightness or transparency Wherein in which varying independently for each display surface.
When luminance subtraction is used, the luminance can be reduced from a high-luminance two-dimensional image on the front surface or the rear surface, so that a three-dimensional display is easier in the case of a display target object with low luminance. In particular, when the luminance of the display target object to be expressed is lower than the surrounding luminance, it becomes easier to display three-dimensionally.
For the same reason, the luminance is more easily distributed because the luminance relationship is linear compared to the case of division (printing type, etc.) in which the luminance is lower (the darker) is easier to display three-dimensionally. There are also advantages such as full use of gradation.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the luminance subtraction method. In FIG. 1, 101 is a front display surface, 102 is a rear display surface, and A and B are two-dimensional on the display surface 101. The boundary portions C and D between the image (object) and the surroundings are the boundary portions between the two-dimensional image (object) and the surroundings on the display surface 102.
FIG. 2 shows the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface (101, 102) along the line parallel to the line connecting the left eye and the right eye of the observer 100, the luminance of the surrounding portion, and the observation. 6 is a graph showing the brightness of a retinal image felt on the retina of the person 100.
Here, as shown in FIG. 2A, it is assumed that the luminance around the display surface 102 is brighter than the luminance around the display surface 101.
When observed with the left eye of the observer 100, only the peripheral portion of the display surface (101, 102) is observed outside C, and between C and A, the peripheral portion of the display surface 101 and the display surface 102 are observed. A two-dimensional image is observed, a two-dimensional image of the display surface (101, 102) is observed between A and D, and a two-dimensional image of the display surface 101 and the display surface 102 are between D and B. And only the peripheral part of the display surface (101, 102) is observed outside B.
Therefore, when observed with the left eye of the observer 100, the retinal image observed on the retina of the observer 100 is a graph shown in FIG.
As can be seen from this graph, the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 from the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is constant (Vb in FIG. 2A). When the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is increased, the position of the object felt by the observer 100 is on the front surface (display surface 101) side, and when the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is decreased, The position of the object felt by the observer 100 is on the rear surface (display surface 102) side.

Further, in the above description, the case where the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 is brighter than the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. A case where the luminance of the two-dimensional image is brighter than the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 is also assumed.
Even in this case, the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 from the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is a constant value, the value indicated by Vb in FIG. In this state, when observing with the left eye of the observer 100, a retinal image observed on the retina of the observer 100 is a graph shown in FIG.
Even in this case, when the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is increased, the position of the object felt by the observer 100 becomes the front (display surface 101) side, and the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is increased. When decreased, the position of the object felt by the observer 100 is on the rear surface (display surface 102) side.
3A, when the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 is brighter than the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101, the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 101 is displayed. When the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 is made brighter so that the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the surface 102 becomes a constant value, the luminance of the two-dimensional image on the display surface 102 becomes brighter. There is a need to.
In this state, when observing with the left eye of the observer 100, a retinal image observed on the retina of the observer 100 is a graph shown in FIG.
In this case, the position of the object felt by the observer 100 protrudes to the front side from the display surface 101.
In the graphs shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, even if the luminance distributions of the front display surface 101 and the rear display surface 102 are switched, the position of the object felt by the observer 100 does not change. The graphs shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are merely examples, and even in other cases, the observer 100 feels the object at a position corresponding to the luminance of the two-dimensional images of the display surface 101 and the display surface 102. It is done.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an example of a three-dimensional display device for realizing the above-described luminance subtraction method.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 4 has the structure shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 described above, that is, in the configuration of a transmissive display device in which there are no polarizing plates on the two opposing front and rear surfaces. Inserted.
In the case where each transmissive display device (111, 112) is a transmissive display device that displays a two-dimensional image of a color image, in order to prevent the occurrence of moire, the color filter 202, the color filter 212, In FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5 to 13 described later, the scattering plate 204 is not shown.
Here, as the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211), a twisted nematic liquid crystal, an in-plane liquid crystal display panel, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) liquid crystal display panel, or the like can be used, and n is a positive odd number. In this case, the wave plate 131 uses an (n / 2) wave plate.
As is well known, the (n / 2) wave plate reverses the polarization direction with respect to the x (fast) axis when the incident light is linearly polarized light, or when the incident light is circularly polarized light, The reverse circularly polarized light is used.
Therefore, by changing the polarization distribution of the light output from the liquid crystal display panel 211 of the transmissive display device 112 by the wave plate 131, the change of the polarization distribution in the liquid crystal display panel 201 of the transmissive display device 111 is substantially changed. Thus, the absolute value of the difference between the luminance on the front transmissive display device 112 and the luminance on the rear transmissive display device 112 can be substantially expressed.

For example, when the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) is a twisted nematic type liquid crystal display panel and the main component of the polarization direction changes clockwise when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display panel, By inserting the wave plate 131, the main component of the polarization direction of the light emitted from the liquid crystal display panel 211 of the transmissive display device 112 can be counterclockwise. By reducing or turning counterclockwise excessively, the absolute value of the difference between the front luminance and the rear luminance can be expressed.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a modification of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 5 is different from the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 4 in that the second wave plate 132 is inserted between the polarizing plate 203 and the transmissive display device 111. Here, when n is a positive odd number, the wave plate 132 uses an (n / 2) wave plate.
In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to correct chromatic dispersion or the like from the second wave plate 132.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of another example of a three-dimensional display device for realizing the above-described luminance subtraction method.
In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 6, in the configuration shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 described above, that is, in the configuration of a transmissive display device in which there are no polarizing plates on the two front and rear surfaces, the transmissive display device 112 on the rear surface. The change in the polarization distribution by the liquid crystal display panel 211 and the change in the polarization distribution by the liquid crystal display panel 201 of the front transmission type display device 111 are complementary or mutually complementary (so-called liquid crystal display of the front transmission type display device 111). The change in the polarization distribution by the panel 201 and the change in the polarization distribution by the liquid crystal display panel 211 of the transmissive display device 112 on the rear surface are reversed).
For example, when the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) is a twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel, the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules is reversed between the front surface and the rear surface.
Alternatively, when the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) is an in-plane type liquid crystal display panel, the direction in which the liquid crystal rotates by applying a voltage is the same on the front surface and the rear surface.
Alternatively, when the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) is an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) type liquid crystal display panel, the orientation directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate are orthogonal to the front surface and the rear surface, or of the same type. Turn the panel over.
In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 6, the wavelength dependency and the like can be made the same by manufacturing parts other than the above-described parts of the front and rear liquid crystal display panels (201, 211) with the same parameters.
That is, other than twist direction of liquid crystal molecules in the case of twisted nematic type liquid crystal display panel, direction in which liquid crystal rotates by applying voltage in case of in-plane type liquid crystal display panel, orientation direction in the vicinity of substrate in case of OCB type liquid crystal display panel, etc. By making the manufacturing parameters, such as liquid crystal type, liquid crystal gap, alignment film type, rubbing method and direction, almost the same, the wavelength dependency can be made the same, and the black side is easy to appear with little color shift. The contrast is easy to rise.

[Example 1]
The three-dimensional display device of the present embodiment is capable of switching between the luminance addition method and the luminance subtraction method in the three-dimensional display method of the DFD method, thereby reducing the limiting factor, and in many cases three-dimensional display. It is possible to perform.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the three-dimensional display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
The three-dimensional display device of this embodiment is the same as the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 4, that is, the wave plate 131 is detachably inserted between the two front and rear transmission display devices (111, 112). .
That is, in this embodiment, when the wave plate 131 is inserted between the two front and rear transmissive display devices (111, 112), the luminance subtraction type three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. Therefore, in this state, as described above with reference to FIG. 4, the polarization distribution output from the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device 112 on the rear surface can be changed by the wave plate 131. Since the change in the polarization distribution on the liquid crystal display panel 201 can be substantially inversely corrected, the luminance between the front transmissive display device 112 and the rear transmissive display device 112 is substantially reduced. The absolute value of the difference can be expressed.
For example, when the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) is a twisted nematic type liquid crystal display panel and the main component of the polarization direction changes clockwise when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display panel, By inserting the wave plate 131, the main component of the polarization direction of the light emitted from the liquid crystal display panel 211 of the transmissive display device 112 can be counterclockwise. By reducing or turning counterclockwise excessively, the absolute value of the difference between the front luminance and the rear luminance can be expressed.
In the present embodiment, when the wave plate 131 is removed from between the two front and rear transmissive display devices (111, 112), it is the same as the three-dimensional display device shown in FIGS. Therefore, the luminance addition type three-dimensional display device is obtained.

In this embodiment, the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211) can be a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, an in-plane liquid crystal display panel, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) liquid crystal display panel, and the like. Is a positive odd number, the wave plate 131 uses an (n / 2) wave plate.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 7 has a simple configuration, but has a drawback that a manual operation or a mechanical mechanism is required to move the wave plate 131.
8 replaces the wave plate 131 with an optical element 231 that can be electrically switched between a function as a wave plate and a state of emitting while maintaining the polarization direction of incident light. It is what you use.
Such an optical element can be realized by a homogeneous alignment liquid crystal panel, an in-plane liquid crystal panel, an OCB liquid crystal panel, or the like.
When the liquid crystal display panels (201, 211) of the two front and rear transmission display devices (111, 112) are twisted nematic liquid crystal display panels, the two front and rear transmission display devices (111, 112) are provided. This function can also be realized by a twisted nematic liquid crystal panel reversely wound with the liquid crystal display panel (201, 211).
Furthermore, switching between the luminance addition method and the luminance subtraction method may be performed by switching the entire surface of the liquid crystal display panel at once, or may be performed for each pixel.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 8 can electrically switch between the luminance addition method and the luminance subtraction method, and thus has an effect of high reliability and easy operation.

[Example 2]
9 and 10 are cross-sectional views showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The three-dimensional display device of the present embodiment is the same as the above-described three-dimensional display device shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, except that one of the front transmissive display device 111 and the rear transmissive display device 112 is connected to the transmissive display device A. (30A) and the transmissive display device B (30B), one of the transmissive display device (30A) and the transmissive display device B (30B) is used as the luminance addition method, and the other is used as the luminance subtraction method. It is what you use.
For example, as shown in FIG. 9, when the transmissive display device 111 on the front surface is composed of a transmissive display device A (30A) and a transmissive display device B (30B), the transmissive display device (30A) has a luminance. It is used for the addition method, and the transmissive display device B (30B) is used as the luminance subtraction method.
In this case, when the transmission type display device A (30A) is in use, the transmission type display device B (30B) emits while maintaining the polarization direction of the incident light, or the transmission type display device B ( 30B) is in use, the transmissive display device A (30A) emits while maintaining the polarization direction of the incident light.
As the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device A (30A) or the transmissive display device B (30B), a twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) liquid crystal display panel, or the like can be used. .
When a twisted nematic liquid crystal, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) liquid crystal display panel or the like is used as the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device A (30A) or the transmissive display device B (30B), the voltage Is sufficiently applied to bring the liquid crystal molecules upright with respect to the substrate, so that the polarization direction of incident light can be maintained and emitted.

When a twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel is used as the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device A (30A) or the transmissive display device B (30B), no voltage is applied to each liquid crystal display panel. The twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules is the reverse direction.
When the twist directions of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal display panels (201, 211) of the transmissive display devices (111, 112) on the front and rear surfaces are the same, the directions of the main polarization directions are added on the front and rear surfaces, and the liquid crystal In the case where the twist direction of the molecule is reversed, subtraction is performed because the direction of rotation of the main polarization direction is reversed on the front and rear surfaces, and as a result, luminance is substantially added or subtracted.
When an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) type liquid crystal display panel is used as the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device A (30A) or the transmissive display device B (30B), the substrate of each liquid crystal display panel The directions in which neighboring liquid crystal molecules are aligned are orthogonal to each other. Or flip the same type of panel over.
In this embodiment, since liquid crystal display panels having similar parameters can be used, wavelength dependency and the like are the same, and there is an effect that color misregistration and the like hardly occur.

[Example 3]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The three-dimensional display device of the present embodiment is the same as the above-described three-dimensional display device shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 when a voltage is applied to one of the front transmission display device 111 or the rear transmission display device 112. The polarization distributions of the liquid crystal display panels are opposite to each other with a predetermined voltage as a boundary.
In this embodiment, an in-plane liquid crystal display panel, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend Mode) liquid crystal display panel, or the like can be used as the liquid crystal display panels (201, 211) of the transmissive display devices (111, 112).
For example, in an in-plane type liquid crystal display panel, liquid crystal molecules rotate in a range of 0 ° to 45 °, but the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is 22.5 °, and the initial alignment direction The polarizing axis of one of the polarizing plates (203, 213) is made to coincide.
Accordingly, since the polarization distributions of the liquid crystal display panel are in opposite directions with a predetermined applied voltage as a boundary, it is possible to switch between the luminance addition method and the luminance subtraction method.
In this embodiment, since it can be constituted by two transmissive display devices as a whole, there is an effect that it is simple and inexpensive.

[Example 4]
The three-dimensional display device according to the present embodiment is capable of switching between the luminance addition method and the luminance division method in the three-dimensional display method of the DFD method, thereby reducing the limiting factor, and in many cases, displaying the three-dimensional display. It is possible to perform.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional display device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The three-dimensional display device of the present embodiment has a configuration shown in FIG. 4, that is, a configuration of a transmissive display device in which there are no polarizing plates on the two front and rear faces, and a polarizing plate 151 is inserted therebetween. .
That is, in this embodiment, when the polarizing plate 151 is inserted between the front and rear transmissive display devices (111, 112), the above-described luminance division type three-dimensional display device is obtained.
Further, when the polarizing plate 151 is removed from between the two front and rear transmissive display devices (111, 112), it is the same as the three-dimensional display device shown in FIGS. This is a three-dimensional display device.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 12 has a simple configuration, but has a drawback that a manual operation or a mechanical mechanism is required to move the polarizing plate 151.
The three-dimensional display device illustrated in FIG. 13 includes an optical element 251 that can be electrically switched between a function as a polarizing plate and a state in which the incident light is emitted while maintaining the polarization direction, instead of the polarizing plate 151. It is what you use.

In the three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 13, the polarization direction of light incident on the optical element 251 is maintained in the above-described luminance division type three-dimensional display device by causing the optical element 251 to function as a polarizing plate. Thus, it is possible to switch to the luminance addition type three-dimensional display device.
The three-dimensional display device shown in FIG. 13 can electrically switch between the luminance addition method and the luminance division method, and thus has an effect of high reliability and easy operation.
As described above, the optical element 251 can be realized by a uniformly oriented guest / host liquid crystal display panel.
In a uniformly aligned guest-host liquid crystal display panel, when a voltage is applied and the liquid crystal molecules are in a state of being emitted, the liquid crystal molecules are emitted without maintaining the polarization direction of the incident light without being applied with voltage. The state in which molecules are laid has the same function as a polarizing plate.
In this case, the switching between the luminance addition method and the luminance division method may be performed on the entire surface or may be performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis.

In the above description, the case where the luminance addition method and the luminance subtraction method, or the luminance addition method and the luminance division method can be switched in the three-dimensional display method of the DFD method has been described. It is also possible to switch between the method and the luminance division method.
As a configuration for realizing this method, in the configuration of FIG. 12 described above, a polarizing plate 151 or a wave plate 131 can be inserted between the two front and rear transmission display devices (111, 112). Good. That is, in the configuration of FIG. 12 described above, the polarizing plate 151 is inserted between the two front and rear transmission display devices (111, 112), and the above-described luminance division type three-dimensional display device is not provided. A wave plate 131 may be inserted between the two transmissive display devices (111, 112) to form the above-described luminance division type three-dimensional display device.
When the two-dimensional images displayed on the two front and rear transmissive display devices (111 and 112) have high contrast, the luminance division method is advantageous, and the two displayed on the two front and rear transmissive display devices (111 and 112) are advantageous. When the dimensional image has a low contrast, the luminance subtraction method is advantageous.
In each of the above-described embodiments, the method of expressing the depth position of the entire three-dimensional object using, for example, a two-dimensional image displayed on the display surface (101, 102) has been mainly described. Needless to say, the method of expressing the depth of the image or the case where the 2D image moves three-dimensionally can be realized by the same method as described above.
As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the above-described embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Of course.

It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of this invention. In the present invention, it is a graph showing an example of the brightness of a two-dimensional image on the display surface, the brightness of the surrounding portion, and the brightness of the retinal image felt on the retina of the observer. In this invention, it is a graph which shows the other example of the brightness | luminance of the two-dimensional image on a display surface, the brightness | luminance of a surrounding part, and the brightness of the retinal image sensed by an observer's retina. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the modification of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 1 of invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the three-dimensional display apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus of Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the deformation | transformation of the three-dimensional display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the three-dimensional display apparatus used as the basis of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the production | generation method of the 2D-ized image displayed on each display surface in the three-dimensional display apparatus used as the foundation of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the display principle of the three-dimensional display apparatus used as the basis of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the display principle of the three-dimensional display apparatus used as the basis of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the display principle of the three-dimensional display apparatus used as the basis of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the display principle of the three-dimensional display apparatus used as the basis of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the other example of the DFD type three-dimensional display apparatus used as the premise of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the modification of the three-dimensional display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the modification of the three-dimensional display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the three-dimensional display system of the conventional DFD system.

Explanation of symbols

7-1, 7-2 Liquid crystal display 100 Viewer 101, 102 Display surface 103 Optical system 104 Three-dimensional object 105, 106, 107, 108 2D image 111, 112, 30A, 30B Transmission type display device 110, 205 Backlight 131, 132 (n / 2) wave plate (n is a positive odd number)
151, 203, 213 Polarizing plate 201, 211 Liquid crystal display panel 202, 212 Color filter 204 Scattering plate 231, 251 Optical element

Claims (17)

A two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a viewer's line-of-sight direction is generated on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer, and the generated two-dimensional image is displayed on each display surface. A 3D display method for displaying a 3D image by displaying each of
When the two adjacent display surfaces are the front surface and the rear surface, respectively, the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is added to the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface. Further, the luminance or transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the sum of the luminance or transmission of the two-dimensional image. A method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing the degree independently for each display surface;
The luminance or transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is subtracted from the luminance or transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the absolute value of the difference in luminance or transmittance of the subtracted two-dimensional image is obtained. The brightness or transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface is independently set for each display surface so that the brightness observed by the observer is equal to the brightness of the original display target object. A three-dimensional display method characterized in that it is possible to switch between a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing. A two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a viewer's line-of-sight direction is generated on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer, and the generated two-dimensional image is displayed on each display surface. A 3D display method for displaying a 3D image by displaying each of
When the two adjacent display surfaces are the front surface and the rear surface, respectively, the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is added to the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface. Further, the luminance or transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the sum of the luminance or transmission of the two-dimensional image. A method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing the degree independently for each display surface;
The brightness of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface far from the observer is reduced by the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface. The transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface is independently determined for each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the product of A three-dimensional display method characterized in that it is possible to switch between a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing. A two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a viewer's line-of-sight direction is generated on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer, and the generated two-dimensional image is displayed on each display surface. A 3D display method for displaying a 3D image by displaying each of
When two adjacent display surfaces are a front surface and a rear surface, respectively, the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is subtracted from the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the subtraction is performed. Further, the two-dimensional images displayed on the respective display surfaces so that the luminance observed by the observer becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the absolute value of the difference in luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image. A method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by independently changing the luminance or transmittance of each of the display surfaces;
The brightness of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface far from the observer is reduced by the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface, and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface. The transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each display surface is independently determined for each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the product of A three-dimensional display method characterized in that it is possible to switch between a method of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing. A first means for generating a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a line of sight of an observer on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer;
Second means for displaying the two-dimensional image generated by the first means on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from an observer;
A three-dimensional display device comprising: a third means for changing the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the plurality of display surfaces for each of the display surfaces;
In the third means, when two adjacent display surfaces are the front surface and the rear surface, respectively, the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface and the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface are described. , And the sum of the luminance or transmittance of the added two-dimensional image is displayed on each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. The three-dimensional stereoscopic image is displayed by changing the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image independently for each of the display surfaces, and the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front is displayed on the rear surface. The luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image is subtracted, and the luminance observed by the observer becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the absolute value of the difference in luminance or transmittance of the subtracted two-dimensional image. As shown on each display surface Three-dimensional display device, characterized in that the switchable brightness or opacity dimension image and status for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing independently for each of the respective display surfaces. A first means for generating a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a line of sight of an observer on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer;
Second means for displaying the two-dimensional image generated by the first means on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from an observer;
A three-dimensional display device comprising: a third means for changing the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the plurality of display surfaces for each of the display surfaces;
In the third means, when two adjacent display surfaces are the front surface and the rear surface, respectively, the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface and the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface are described. , And the sum of the luminance or transmittance of the added two-dimensional image is displayed on each display surface so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. A state in which a three-dimensional stereoscopic image is displayed by independently changing the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image for each of the display surfaces and the luminance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface farther from the observer are displayed on the front surface. The luminance observed by the observer by the product of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is reduced by the two-dimensional image, and the luminance of the original display target object Displayed on each display surface so that 3-dimensional display device characterized by the transmission of the two-dimensional image can be switched between a state for displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing independently the each display surface is. A first means for generating a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from a line of sight of an observer on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from the observer;
Second means for displaying the two-dimensional image generated by the first means on a plurality of display surfaces at different depth positions as viewed from an observer;
A three-dimensional display device comprising: a third means for changing the luminance or transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on the plurality of display surfaces for each of the display surfaces;
In the third means, when two adjacent display surfaces are the front surface and the rear surface, respectively, the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is determined from the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface. Is displayed on each display surface such that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object, based on the absolute value of the difference in luminance or transmittance of the subtracted two-dimensional image. The state of displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by independently changing the luminance or transmittance of the two-dimensional image for each display surface, and the luminance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface farther from the observer on the front side The luminance observed by the observer by the product of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front surface and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear surface is reduced by the displayed two-dimensional image. Each table is set to be equal to the brightness of the object. 3-dimensional display device characterized by the permeability of the two-dimensional image displayed on a surface which is switchable between a state in which displaying a three-dimensional stereoscopic image by changing independently the each display surface. A plurality of transmissive display devices that are arranged at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and have a liquid crystal display panel;
First and second polarizing plates disposed so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices;
A plurality of wave plates arranged to be freely inserted between two adjacent transmissive display devices;
Each of the transmissive display devices has a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the sight line direction of the observer with respect to the transmissive display device, and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image for each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device for independently changing and displaying,
When two adjacent transmissive display devices are a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device are configured such that each of the wave plates transmits the front surface. 2D image displayed on the transmissive display device on the rear surface from the transmissivity of the 2D image displayed on the transmissive display device on the front surface in a state of being inserted between the transmissive display device on the rear surface and the transmissive display device on the rear surface Is displayed on each transmissive display device so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object, based on the absolute value of the difference in transmittance of the two-dimensional image obtained by subtracting the transmittance of the two-dimensional image. The two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmissive display device in a state where each wave plate is not inserted between the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device. Rear transmission type for image transparency Each of the luminances observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the sum of the transparency of the two-dimensional image added to the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the display device. A three-dimensional display device characterized by changing the transparency of a two-dimensional image displayed on a transmissive display device.   Each of the wave plates is disposed between two transmissive display devices that are always adjacent to each other, and can be switched between a state of functioning as a wave plate and a state of emitting while maintaining the polarization direction of incident light. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 7, comprising:   9. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8, wherein the optical element is a homogeneous alignment liquid crystal display panel, a twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel, an in-plane liquid crystal display panel, or an OCB liquid crystal display panel. . A plurality of transmissive display devices having a plurality of display surfaces arranged at different depth positions as viewed from an observer, and having a liquid crystal display panel;
First and second polarizing plates disposed so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices;
Each of the transmissive display devices has a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the sight line direction of the observer with respect to the transmissive display device, and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image for each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device for independently changing and displaying,
When two adjacent transmissive display devices are a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, one of the front or rear transmissive display devices is the transmissive display device A and the transmissive display device B. And consists of
A first state in which the transmissive display device A emits while maintaining the polarization direction of incident light, and the transmissive display device B emits light with a variable polarization direction of incident light; The transmissive display device A can be switched to a second state in which the polarization direction of incident light is variable and the transmissive display device B emits while maintaining the polarization direction of incident light.
In the second state, the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device are displayed on the rear transmissive display device according to the transparency of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmissive display device 2. Displayed on each transmissive display device so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object by the sum of the transparency of the two-dimensional image obtained by adding the transparency of the two-dimensional image. The transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device is changed from the transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmission display device in the first state. The absolute value of the difference in transmittance of the two-dimensional image obtained by subtracting the degree is displayed on each transmissive display device so that the luminance observed by the observer is equal to the luminance of the original display target object. To change the transparency of the two-dimensional image. 3-dimensional display device according to symptoms. The liquid crystal display panel is a twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel,
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10, wherein a twist direction of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display panels of the transmissive display device A and the transmissive display device B is reverse. The liquid crystal display panel is an OCB type liquid crystal display panel,
The three-dimensional display device according to claim 10, wherein the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate in the liquid crystal display panels of the transmissive display device A and the transmissive display device B are orthogonal to each other. A plurality of transmissive display devices that are arranged at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and have a liquid crystal display panel;
A first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate arranged so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices,
Each of the transmissive display devices has a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the sight line direction of the observer with respect to the transmissive display device, and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image for each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device for independently changing and displaying,
When two adjacent transmissive display devices are respectively a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, one transmissive display device of the front or rear transmissive display device applies a voltage. With a predetermined voltage as a boundary, the polarization distributions of the liquid crystal display panels are in opposite directions,
When the polarization distributions of the liquid crystal display panels in opposite directions are set to the first state and the second state, respectively, in the first state, the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device are The absolute value of the difference in transmittance of the two-dimensional image obtained by subtracting the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmissive display device from the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the transmissive display device of The transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device is changed so that the luminance observed by the observer becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object. The observer observes the sum of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image obtained by adding the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmissive display device to the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the transmissive display device. Brightness to be the original display target object brightness As will properly, three-dimensional display device characterized by varying the permeability of the two-dimensional image displayed on each of the transmissive display device.   14. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 13, wherein the liquid crystal display panel of the transmissive display device on the rear surface is an in-plane liquid crystal display panel or an OCB liquid crystal display panel. A plurality of transmissive display devices that are arranged at different depth positions as viewed from the observer and have a liquid crystal display panel;
First and second polarizing plates disposed so as to sandwich the plurality of transmissive display devices;
A plurality of third polarizing plates disposed so as to be freely inserted between two adjacent transmissive display devices;
Each of the transmissive display devices has a two-dimensional image obtained by projecting a display target object from the sight line direction of the observer with respect to the transmissive display device, and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image for each transmissive display device. A three-dimensional display device for independently changing and displaying,
When two adjacent transmissive display devices are a front transmissive display device and a rear transmissive display device, respectively, the third polarizing plate is the front surface of the front transmissive display device and the rear transmissive display device. The luminance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the transmissive display device on the rear surface farther than the observer is displayed on the transmissive display device on the front surface in a state inserted between the transmissive display device on the rear surface and the transmissive display device on the rear surface. The observer observes the product by the product of the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmissive display device and the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmissive display device. The transmissivity of the two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device is changed so that the luminance to be displayed is equal to the luminance of the original display target object, and the third polarizing plate is a front transmissive display device. Between the front panel and the rear transmissive display In such a state, the transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device is added to the transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on the rear transmission display device to the transmission of the two-dimensional image displayed on the front transmission display device. The three-dimensional display is characterized in that the transmittance of the two-dimensional image displayed on each transmissive display device is changed so that the luminance observed by the observer becomes equal to the luminance of the original display target object. apparatus.   Each of the third polarizing plates is always arranged between two adjacent transmissive display devices, and can be switched between a state of functioning as a polarizing plate and a state of emitting while maintaining the polarization direction of incident light. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 15, comprising a simple optical element. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 16, wherein the optical element is a guest-host liquid crystal display panel with uniform orientation.

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