JP2006298765A - Bamboo grass extract and use of the same extract - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method capable of efficiently obtaining a bamboo grass extract by considering the extraction amount of a compound in which attention was not paid as a component of the bamboo grass extract hitherto and to provide the bamboo grass extract excellent in wide pharmacologic action. <P>SOLUTION: The bamboo grass extract is obtained by steaming dried bamboo grass leaves and/or culms and water at >170°C and ≤250°C in mixed weight ratio of 100:50 to 100:150 and extracting the steamed material with an aqueous solvent. The bamboo grass extract comprises 3-hydroxypyridine in an amount of ≥1.0 mg/g when controlling residual content after heating the extract to 50 wt.%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a Sasa extract useful as an antibacterial agent, antiviral agent, antitumor agent, antimutagenic agent, anti-inflammatory agent, and a method for producing the extract. The Sasa extract of the present invention can efficiently extract specific components by steaming Sasa leaves and / or straw and water at a weight mixing ratio of 100: 50 to 150.

Sasa has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, and Sasa extract has also been reported to have many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory / anti-ulcer, antihypertensive, and antitumor (J. Hokkaido For. Prod. Res. Inst.Vol.9, No.6,1995, Showa Medical Society Journal Volume 48, No. 5, 595-600, 1988, etc.).
As an active ingredient in Sasa extract, the antitumor property of soluble hemicellulose has attracted attention, and among them, polysaccharides centered on xylooligosaccharide are considered to play an important role in the expression of antitumor effect. JP-A-06-197800, JP-A-11-199502 and the like disclose methods for efficiently extracting saccharides by subjecting leaves and / or straws to high temperature and high pressure saturated steam treatment. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-322079 uses a Sasa extract obtained by high-temperature and high-pressure saturated steam treatment as an antibacterial and antibacterial agent against Helicobacter pylori.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 06-197800 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-199502 JP 2002-322079 A J. Hokkaido For. Prod. Res. Inst. Vol. 9, No. 6, 1995 Showa Medical Society Volume 48, No. 5, 595-600, 1988

  The object of the present invention is to provide a production method that can efficiently obtain compounds in consideration of the extraction amount of compounds that have not been noticed as components of Sasa extract so far, and thus, Sasa extraction excellent in widespread pharmacological action To provide things.

  In the present invention, dried Sasa leaves and / or straw and water are steamed at a steaming temperature of 170 to 250 ° C. under a weight mixing ratio of 100: 50 to 100: 150, and then extracted with an aqueous solvent. It relates to a Sasa extract characterized by containing 1.0 mg / g or more of 3-hydroxypyridine when the heating residue of the extract is adjusted to 50% by weight.

  The present invention also relates to the above Sasa extract, wherein the aqueous solvent extraction temperature is 100 to 150 ° C.

  The present invention also relates to the above Sasa extract, wherein the aqueous solvent is water or an aqueous alkaline solution.

  In addition, the present invention is that steamed dried Sasa leaves and / or straw and water are steamed at a steaming temperature of 170 to 250 ° C. under a weight mixing ratio of 100: 50 to 100: 150, and then extracted with an aqueous solvent. It is related with the manufacturing method of the Sasa extract characterized by doing.

  The present invention also relates to a method for producing the above-mentioned Sasa extract, characterized in that the aqueous solvent extraction temperature is 100 to 150 ° C.

  Moreover, this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the said Sasa extract whose aqueous solvent is water or alkaline aqueous solution.

  According to the present invention, it was possible to provide a Sasa extract having a large amount of extraction of a specific compound and excellent in a wide range of pharmacological actions.

The Sasa used in the present invention preferably belongs to the genus Kumazasa, for example, Okuyamamasasa, Gotenbazasa, Katsuragiza, Suzuda, Koyachiku, Phyris, Kumazuzu, Kizujitsu, Kesu, Unzensa, Miyama Kumasa, Nemagaridae, Kinmaeshimagari, Conshimanemarigari, Makibane Magari, Chabobaki Bachishima, Kiakebonone Magari, Fuchie Echifune Magari, Takara Nemagari, Yanefukisasa, Kisumayanefukisasa, Miyakozasa, Hosobazasa, Fuirihobazasa, Chimazazabaku, Tanzazazakaku , But not limited to this.
In particular, what is generally called Kumazasa, such as Kumazasa, Kumizassa, Chishimasasa, etc., capable of removing whitish wrinkles around the leaves is preferable. For use in the present invention, the best harvest is July to September.

  Sasa leaves and / or persimmons used in the steaming of the present invention are preferably sufficiently dried, and the preferred water content is 10% or less with respect to the whole Sasa leaves and / or persimmons, and if it is more than that, it will rot. There is a risk that the components may be altered by fermentation. About the form of the Sasa leaf and / or cocoon used for the steaming of the present invention, it is preferable that it is fragmented, and the preferred size is 0.5 to 20 mm. If it is larger than 20 mm, the extraction efficiency is deteriorated.

The steaming of the present invention can be carried out in any device that can withstand high temperatures and high pressures, and the ratio of dried Sasa leaves and / or straw to water during cooking is most preferably a mixing ratio of 100: 50 to 150. . When the water ratio is less than 100: 50, the amount of water required for hydrolysis of hemicellulose and the like is insufficient, and when the water ratio is more than 100: 150, steam does not reach the sasa leaves and cell walls are destroyed. The desired component cannot be sufficiently extracted because it hardly occurs. Moreover, the temperature at the time of cooking is most preferably more than 170 ° C and 250 ° C or less. Acetic acid, formic acid and 3-hydroxypyridine are considered to be derived from, for example, hydrolysis of hemicellulose. At 170 ° C. or lower, there is a possibility that sufficient amounts of acetic acid, formic acid and 3-hydroxypyridine cannot be obtained.
The cooking time is preferably between 30 seconds and 1 hour, more preferably between 5 minutes and 20 minutes. If the time is shorter than 30 seconds, the hydrolysis of hemicellulose becomes insufficient and the amount of components decreases, and it is longer than 1 hour. In some cases, decomposition of the obtained component occurs and the amount of the obtained component decreases. When releasing the pressurization after completion of cooking, it is preferable to open the apparatus at once to bring the pressure to atmospheric pressure, since the destruction of the tissue of the sasa leaves or straw will progress further and the extraction efficiency will improve.

  In the extraction method using an aqueous solvent, after cooking, the aqueous solvent is added while maintaining cooling or temperature, and the steamed Sasa leaves or straw are immersed in the aqueous solvent under conditions of room temperature to 170 ° C. The temperature during extraction is most preferably 100 to 150 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 100 ° C., the extraction efficiency decreases, and when the temperature is higher than 150 ° C., the active ingredient is severely decomposed, and the amount of components obtained is reduced. The time for performing the extraction is preferably between 10 minutes and 1 hour, more preferably between 15 minutes and 30 minutes, and when it is shorter than 10 minutes, the elution amount is reduced and the extraction efficiency is lowered, and when it is longer than 1 hour, it is obtained. Decomposition of the components occurs and the amount of components obtained is also reduced.

  The aqueous solvent used in the present invention is preferably water, and the extraction efficiency can be increased by using an alkaline aqueous solution when allowed by the use of the Sasa extract. The alkaline aqueous solution used in the present invention is preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or the like. Moreover, water-soluble solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, etc., or those aqueous solution can also be used in the possible range according to a use.

  In the present invention, the steaming step and the extraction step may be repeatedly performed without departing from the gist of the present invention. In addition, another process such as a holding process may be provided before and after each process.

  Although it is contained in the Sasa extract of the present invention, the mechanism of developing antibacterial, antimutagenic and antioxidant effects is not clear, but it depends on acetic acid, formic acid, 3-hydroxypyridine and other Sasa extract components. It is estimated that the synergistic effect exerts a greater effect than each individual component.

  The content of acetic acid and formic acid contained in the Sasa extract of the present invention may be 1.0 mg / g or more when the heating residue of each Sasa extract is adjusted to 50% by weight, preferably 2 formic acid alone. 0.0 mg / g or more.

  The detailed synthesis route of 3-hydroxypyridine contained in the Sasa extract of the present invention is unknown, but it is presumed to be a substance produced when steaming Sasa leaves and / or persimmons. The content necessary as a chemical agent is 1.0 mg / g or more, preferably 1.5 mg / g or more when the heating residue is adjusted to 50% by weight.

  The saccharide contained in the Sasa extract of the present invention is a monosaccharide and / or polysaccharide composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, galactose, etc., and the preferred content when the heating residue is adjusted to 50% by weight is If it is 50 mg / g or less and more, the pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory properties which are the efficacy of the extract of the present invention are impaired. In particular, an excessive amount of saccharides promotes the growth of fungi, and those in which the fungus has grown are not suitable for normal use as an extract. The heating residue referred to in the present invention is a so-called solid content, and means the content of the residue obtained by removing low-boiling substances such as water by heating. For example, the amount left by heating in a 100 ° C. oven for 60 minutes Is divided by the amount before heating.

  Phenylpropanoid, acetic acid, formic acid and 3-hydroxypyridine can be quantified by liquid chromatography, gas chromatography or the like. Saccharides can be quantified by ion chromatography.

  The form of the Sasa extract of the present invention may be a solution or a solid, and may be a mixture with other compounds. In the case of a mixture, it may be processed by adding a shaping agent such as spray drying, freeze drying, or dextrin. Further, it may be subjected to a selection process such as filtration, column purification, and solvent washing.

The Sasa extract of the present invention exhibits antibacterial activity against various fungi, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tetanus, Clostridium gas gangrene, Candida, ringworm, fungus, and Kumonskabi , Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus indolicus, Peptosteptococcus prevotii, Micromonas
anaerobic gram-positive cocci such as micros, Finegoldia magna, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, Streptococcus intermedius, Steiptococus constellatus, Atopobium parvulum, Gemella morbillorum,

Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Eggerthella lenta, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Mobiluncus
anaerobic gram gonococcus such as spp.
Bacteroides fragilis penicillin resistance, Bacteroides fragilis carbapenem resistance, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides ureot, Preactella intermedia, Prevoterlla melaninogenica, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella oris, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium v
anaerobic gram-negative bacilli such as arium, Fusobacterium necrophrum, Bilophila wadsworthia, Desulfovibrio piger, Capnocytophage ochracea,

Clostridium diffioile, Clostriduim sordellii, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium clostridiiforme, Clsotridium bifermentans, Clostridium sordellii, Clostridium novyi Type A, Clostridium sporogenbotulinum, Clostridium sporiibot
Facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Pseudeomonas aeruginosa,
Facultative anaerobic Gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus MSSA, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Gardnerella vaginalis,
It exhibits antibacterial properties against bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis ss. Brevis, Lactobacillus casei ss. Casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius ss. Salivarius.

The use form of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any of solid, liquid, and semisolid forms, and can be oral or parenteral. For example, when taken orally, food It can be ingested as an additive added to food. When used as a food additive, the amount added is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the type of food. For example, liquid foods such as soft drinks and carbonated drinks, and solid foods such as confectionery and other various foods can be added and used. In addition, an example of an administration method when the extract of the present invention is administered to the human body is as follows. Administration can be performed by various methods, for example, oral administration using tablets, capsules, granules, syrups and the like. The oral preparation can be produced according to a normal production method. For example, excipients such as starch, lactose and mannitol, binders such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, disintegrants such as crystalline cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose calcium, lubricants such as talc and magnesium stearate, light anhydrous It can be produced as a tablet, capsule, granule, etc. by appropriately combining and formulating a fluidity improver such as silicic acid.
It can also be used effectively by adding it to cosmetics and applying it to the skin. When added to cosmetics, the addition amount may be appropriately determined within a range that does not impair the original function of the cosmetics.

  Other uses of the extract of the present invention include sprays, suppositories, preservatives, brushing agents, soaps, shampoos, lotions, ointments, skin adhesive films, disinfectants, bath preparations, cosmetics, and other medical products. Or medical aids, earplugs, gloves, hats, lab coats, eyebands and other medical supplies, air purifiers, coolers, vacuum cleaners, ventilation fans, masks and other filters, carpets, floorboards, wallboards, wallpaper, etc. Protective sheets such as equipment, furniture and sundries, protective covers, protective plates, masterbatches, paints, inks, clothes, skin guards, bedding, bandages, gauze, handkerchiefs, pennants, cloths, daily cloth products, wrapping paper, Examples include daily paper products such as notebooks, memos, and wet tissues.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In addition,% shows weight%.
<Example 1>
400 g of dried Kumizasa leaves and straw crushed to a thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm with a moisture content of 7% and 400 g of pure water (water content 50% by weight) were charged into a high-pressure steam can and heated to 200 ° C. over 10 minutes. The pressure was released at a stretch after holding at a temperature of 10 minutes. 4 kg of water was added to the leaves and straws that had been steamed under high pressure, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 110 ° C. over 5 minutes, and the pressure state was released after holding at that temperature for 30 minutes. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a Sasa extract with a heating residue of 50%.

<Example 2>
400 g of dried Kumizasa leaves and straw crushed to 0.5 to 5 mm and having a moisture content of 7% and 400 g of pure water (water content 50% by weight) were charged into a high-pressure steam can and heated to 220 ° C. over 10 minutes. The pressure was released at a stretch after holding at a temperature of 10 minutes. 4 kg of water in which 1.8 g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved was added to leaves and straws that had been steamed under high pressure, and the temperature was raised from room temperature to 110 ° C. over 5 minutes. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a Sasa extract with a heating residue of 50%.
(Comparative Example 1)
Sasa extract was produced with reference to the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-06-197800. That is, 20 kg of water was added to 2 kg of dried Kumizasa leaves and straw that had been crushed to 0.5 to 5 mm, and filtered for 3 hours at 80 ° C., followed by filtration. This extraction operation was repeated twice to prepare Kumizasa from which the hot water extract was removed. Next, this was adjusted to a moisture content of 45%, charged into a high-pressure steam can, and the 2 MPa high-pressure steam generated in the once-through boiler was decompressed to 1.6 MPa by a pressure reducing valve and directly introduced into the high-pressure steam can. The temperature was raised from room temperature to 180 ° C. over 10 minutes, held at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then the pressure was gradually released. High pressure steamed leaves and straw were charged into a pressure extraction can, 8 kg of water was added, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 110 ° C. over 30 minutes, held at that temperature for 5 minutes, and then the pressurized state was released over 1 hour. . The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a Sasa extract with a heating residue of 50%.

(Comparative Example 2)
Sasa extract was produced with reference to the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-11-199502. That is, 2 kg of dried Kumizasa leaves and straw crushed to 0.5-5 mm and put in a heat-resistant bag, charged in a pressure extraction can, added 37 kg of water, and raised from room temperature to 120 ° C. over 30 minutes. It was warmed and held at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then the pressurized state was released over 1 hour. Next, the hot water in the pressure extraction can was cooled to 80 ° C. with cooling water, and then the lid of the pressure extraction can was opened, and the leaves and straw were taken out and placed in a screw press to adjust the water content to 50%. The extract separated in this step is added to the hot water in the previous pressure extraction can. Next, the solid content adjusted to a moisture content of 50% is charged into a high-pressure steam can, and the 2 MPa high-pressure steam generated by the once-through boiler is reduced to 1.6 MPa by a pressure reducing valve and directly introduced into the high-pressure steam can. did. The temperature was raised from room temperature to 180 ° C. over 10 minutes, held at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then the pressure was gradually released. The high-pressure steamed leaves and straw were charged again in a pressure extraction can and heated from room temperature to 110 ° C. over 30 minutes, held at that temperature for 5 minutes, and then the pressurized state was released over 1 hour. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a Sasa extract with a heating residue of 50%.

<Evaluation of Sasa extract>
(Composition analysis method)
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of acetic acid, formic acid, and 3-hydroxypyridine was performed by HPLC equipped with a Shim-pack PREP-ODS (H) column (Shimadzu).

In addition, using DXEX-500 sugar analyzer manufactured by Dionex equipped with CarboPac PA1 as column and electrochemical detector as detector, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, ribose, xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetra Qualitative and quantitative analysis of ose, xylopentaose, xylohexaose, arabinobiose, arabinotriose, arabinotetraose, arabinopentaose, arabinohexaose and the total value of all components as sugar content did.
(Antimicrobial test method)
The test was carried out using Staphylococcus aureus NBRC12732 under the following conditions. The minimum drug concentration (MIC) at which the Sasa extract diluted at various magnifications was brought into contact with Müller Hinton broth with a substantially constant number of bacteria and the growth of the bacteria was inhibited after a certain period of time was determined and used as an index of antibacterial effect.
The smaller the MIC, the higher the antibacterial effect.

(Anti-mutagenicity test method)
The number of revertant colonies was counted using Salmonella TA100 as the strain and B (a) P; benzo (a) pyrene as the mutagen. As an index of antimutagenicity, when the number of mutant colonies to which no Sasa extract sample is added is 100, it is shown as a relative value of the number of colonies mutated by adding Sasa extract. The lower the number, the higher the antimutagenicity.

(Evaluation results)
Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the Sasa extract obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 by the above evaluation method.

比較例１、２は、ササ抽出物製造後速やかに菌が繁殖したと考えられエキスとしては全く不適当であることを示している。

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 indicate that the fungus rapidly propagated after the production of the Sasa extract, indicating that the extract is totally inappropriate.

Claims (6)

The dried Sasa leaves and / or straw and water are steamed under a weight mixing ratio of 100: 50 to 100: 150 at a steaming temperature of 170 to 250 ° C. and then extracted with an aqueous solvent. A Sasa extract containing 1.0 mg / g or more of 3-hydroxypyridine when the heating residue is adjusted to 50% by weight. An aqueous solvent extraction temperature is 100-150 ° C, The Sasa extract of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The Sasa extract according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aqueous solvent is water or an alkaline aqueous solution. The dried Sasa leaves and / or straw and water are steamed at a steaming temperature of 170 to 250 ° C. under a weight mixing ratio of 100: 50 to 100: 150, and then extracted with an aqueous solvent. Method for producing Sasa extract. The method for producing a Sasa extract according to claim 4, wherein the aqueous solvent extraction temperature is 100 to 150 ° C. The method for producing a Sasa extract according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the aqueous solvent is water or an alkaline aqueous solution.