JP2006297285A - Low alkali hardner for water-containing soil and hardening treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low alkali hardner for water-containing soil capable of hardening the water-containing soil so as to indicate low alkali having a pH of 9 to 10 of a hardened body and have sufficient strength, and a hardening treatment method using it. <P>SOLUTION: The low alkali hardner for the water-containing soil is made by including magnesium oxide of more than 15 mass% and 60 mass% or less, water hardening alumina of 30 to 82 mass% heated until constant weight is obtained at 50 to 400°C of amorphous aluminum hydroxide hydrate, having the top of a broad peak at 2θ=22±5°of a powder x-ray diffraction spectrum in a wave length of 1.5405 Å and having a half-value width of 6 to 20° based on a base line having the broad peak, and lithium carbonate of 2 to 15 mass%. This hardner of 50 to 200 kg/m<SP>3</SP>is loaded per the water-containing soil of 1 m<SP>3</SP>, thereby enabling highly strengthened hardening treatment at a pH of 9 to 10 suitable for heavy metal insolubilization. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a low alkali solidification material for hydrous soil suitable for solidifying and insolubilizing hydrous soil such as dredged bottom mud, construction sludge, and contaminated soil, and a solidification treatment method using the same.

  To improve the soil quality of soft soil, a solidification process using a solidifying material is performed. In addition, when carrying out construction sludge, etc. generated by civil engineering work, etc., there are cases where it is difficult to carry it as it is because of its high fluidity. Adopted. For any purpose, the solidified material should have sufficient strength that suits the purpose of the soil after solidification, a suitable solidification rate, and the solidified material is chemically stable. Certain characteristics such as no toxic substances eluting are required.

  Many techniques have already been disclosed for solidifying materials that require a plurality of properties. Among them, a cement-based solidified material mainly composed of cement can provide high strength, but the pH value of the solidified soil becomes about 11 to 12 due to the alkali of the cement itself. The effects of alkali on animals and plants, the generation of ammonia, and, in recent years, re-elution of lead may be a problem during the treatment of amphoteric heavy metal contaminated soil such as lead.

  In order to solve these problems, a magnesia-based solidifying material has been proposed. Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a magnesia-based solidified material in which magnesium oxide and an acidic material such as aluminum sulfate as a pH adjusting agent and blast furnace slag, gypsum, and phosphate as a strength improving material are combined.

  On the other hand, from the relationship between the pH shown in Non-Patent Document 1 and the solubility of various heavy metals, it is presumed that the pH of the solidified soil is preferably 9 to 10 particularly in terms of insolubilization performance of lead. However, the pH of magnesium oxide itself is slightly higher than this, and there is a problem that the solidification strength decreases when an acidic material is added to adjust the pH.

JP 2000-239660 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-200252 JP 2003-193050 A Masaru Tanaka, “Introduction to Waste Science”, 1st edition, Central Law Publishing Co., Ltd., December 1993, p. 64-82

  The present invention has a relatively low environmental load such as an effect on animals and plants, and the pH of the solidified soil becomes a low alkali of about pH 9 to 10 that can effectively insolubilize lead-contaminated soil, and has sufficient strength. Thus, it is related with the low alkali solidification material for hydrous soil which can solidify hydrous soil, and the solidification processing method using the same.

  The low alkali solidification material for hydrous soil according to the present invention has a broad peak at 2θ = 22 ± 5 ° with a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum at a wavelength of 1.5405 mm, exceeding 15% by mass of magnesium oxide. 30% to 82% by mass of hydraulic alumina having a peak and a half width of 6 ° to 20 ° with respect to the baseline of the broad peak, and 2% to 15% by mass of lithium carbonate It is characterized by that.

  According to this low alkali solidifying material for hydrous soil, magnesium oxide, hydraulic alumina and lithium carbonate react with each other in the hydrous soil, and high strength can be obtained with low alkali. Here, when the addition amount of magnesium oxide is less than 15% by mass, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained, or the pH of the treated soil becomes too low. On the other hand, even if it exceeds 60 mass%, solidification intensity | strength falls or pH becomes high too much. Moreover, when the addition amount of hydraulic alumina is smaller than 30% by mass, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained or the pH of the treated soil becomes high. On the other hand, when it is more than 82% by mass, the pH of the treated soil becomes too low. In addition, when the amount of lithium carbonate added is less than 2% by mass, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even if lithium carbonate is added in an amount of more than 15% by mass, an effect of increasing the strength commensurate with the cost cannot be obtained. It is not economically preferable.

  The hydraulic alumina according to the present invention is obtained by heating an amorphous aluminum hydroxide compound by-produced by neutralization / aggregation in an anodizing treatment step of aluminum until a constant weight is obtained at 50 ° C. to 400 ° C. It is preferable that The product obtained by this method is not strictly alumina, but is called hydraulic alumina in the present invention.

  Here, when the heating temperature is lower than 50 ° C., the reactivity of the hydraulic alumina is not sufficient, and when the solidified material is used, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained. Moreover, it takes a long time to reach a constant weight (drying), resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when heated at a temperature higher than 400 ° C. for a long time, similarly, the reactivity of hydraulic alumina is lowered, and the solidification strength is lowered.

Moreover, the solidification processing method according to the present invention is characterized in that 50 kg to 200 kg of the above-mentioned low alkali solidification material for hydrous soil is mixed per 1 m ^{3 of} hydrous soil. By this method, the treated soil is a low alkali having a pH of 9 to 10, and sufficient solidification strength can be obtained.

  According to the present invention, the environmental load such as the influence on animals and plants is small, and the hydrous soil is solidified so as to have a low alkali of pH 9 to 10 suitable for lead insolubilization and sufficient strength. it can.

  Hereinafter, the low alkali solidification material for hydrous soil according to the present invention and the solidification treatment method using the same will be described.

<Low alkali solidifying material for hydrous soil>
A preferred embodiment of the low alkali solidifying material for hydrous soil according to the present invention will be described. The low-alkali solidified material for hydrous soil has magnesium oxide in excess of 15% by mass and 60% by mass or less, preferably 25% by mass to 50% by mass, and hydraulic alumina by 30% by mass to 82% by mass, preferably 35% by mass. -75 mass% and lithium carbonate are mixed in a proportion of 2 mass% to 15 mass%, preferably 2.5 mass% to 5 mass%.

  According to this low alkali solidifying material for hydrous soil, magnesium oxide, hydraulic alumina and lithium carbonate react with each other in the hydrous soil, and high strength can be obtained with low alkali. Here, when the addition amount of magnesium oxide is 15% by mass or less, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained, or the pH of the treated soil becomes too low. On the other hand, even if it exceeds 60 mass%, solidification intensity | strength falls or pH becomes high too much. Moreover, when the addition amount of hydraulic alumina is smaller than 30% by mass, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained or the pH of the treated soil becomes high. On the other hand, when it is more than 82% by mass, the pH of the treated soil becomes too low. In addition, when the amount of lithium carbonate added is less than 2% by mass, sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained. On the other hand, even if lithium carbonate is added in an amount of more than 15% by mass, an effect of increasing the strength commensurate with the cost cannot be obtained. It is not economically preferable.

Magnesium oxide used as one of the main components of the solidifying material can be roughly classified into two types, light-burned magnesia and hard-burned magnesia, depending on the calcination temperature. In the present invention, it is preferable to use light-burned magnesia. This is because hard-fired magnesia is poor in hydration activity, so that it takes time to reach the target strength when used as a solidification aid for amorphous hydraulic alumina. The light-burned magnesia preferably has a fine particle size, and its BET specific surface area is about 20 to 50 m ² / g. It should be noted that more preferable results can be obtained by using lightly-burned magnesia with a finer particle size within a range not deteriorating handling properties.

  In addition, hydraulic alumina, which is another main component of the solidified material, has a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum at a wavelength of 1.5405 mm, 2θ = 22 ± 5 °, and a half-value width based on the baseline of the broad peak. It has the characteristic which is 6 degrees-20 degrees. With such characteristics, magnesium oxide and lithium carbonate react appropriately to obtain high strength, and the pH can be adjusted appropriately.

  Since the reactivity of hydraulic alumina is affected by particle size, the average particle size of hydraulic alumina measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter is preferably 1 μm to 20 μm, and more preferably 2 μm to 15 μm. When the average particle size is larger than 20 μm, sufficient solidification strength is difficult to obtain, and there is a tendency to cause material separation. If it is smaller than 1 μm, the powder flowability is not preferred, and there may be a problem in handling properties during transportation and mixing with the solidification aid.

  The lithium carbonate used as an auxiliary component of the solidifying material preferably has a purity of 90% by mass or more. Although a product of less than 90% by mass can be used, in that case, it is necessary to adjust the ratio relative to the hydraulic alumina. The average particle size is preferably 2 μm to 20 μm, more preferably 2 μm to 15 μm. If it is larger than 20 μm, a sufficient accelerating effect is not obtained or there is a tendency to cause material separation, and if it is smaller than 2 μm, like the above-mentioned hydraulic alumina, the powder fluidity is not preferable, and handling property during transportation In some cases, there is a problem in the mixing property with the solidification aid. In addition to lithium carbonate, inorganic salts such as lithium chloride and lithium nitrate can be used as the solidification aid. However, it is most preferable to use lithium carbonate because of its availability.

  These materials mixed as a solidifying material, that is, magnesium oxide, hydraulic alumina, and lithium carbonate may all be in the form of powder, and no special equipment or means is required for the preparation, and known powder such as a mixer is used. A known powder mixing method using a body mixing device can be applied. More preferably, these powders can be mixed and pulverized simultaneously with a known pulverizer such as a ball mill to obtain a mixture with more excellent solidification characteristics.

  The hydraulic alumina used in the present invention is suitably obtained by the following method. In other words, in producing hydraulic alumina, amorphous aluminum hydroxide hydrates and the like produced as a by-product of the aluminum manufacturing industry (aluminum hydroxide by-produced by neutralization / aggregation of the anodizing process of aluminum) are produced. The main ingredient is sludge. The sludge is heated at 50 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 110 ° C. to 350 ° C. until a constant weight is obtained. Thereby, hydraulic alumina is obtained. When the heating temperature is lower than 50 ° C., the reactivity of the hydraulic alumina is not sufficient, and sufficient solidification strength cannot be obtained when the solidified material is used. Moreover, it takes a long time to reach a constant weight (drying), resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when heated at a temperature higher than 400 ° C. for a long time, similarly, the reactivity of hydraulic alumina is lowered, and the solidification strength is lowered. In addition, as a manufacturing apparatus of hydraulic alumina, heating apparatuses, such as a normal various electric heating type, a hot air dryer, or a rotary kiln, can be used conveniently.

<Solidification method>
Next, a preferred embodiment of the method for solidifying hydrous soil according to the present invention will be described. The low alkali solidified material obtained by the above method is added and mixed in an amount of 50 kg to 200 kg, preferably 50 kg to 150 kg per 1 m ^{3 of} hydrous soil in consideration of target strength, processing cost, and the like. For mixing the solidifying material, a general mixing apparatus such as a backhoe, a clam shell, a plant mixing apparatus, or the like can be used.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(1) Manufacture of hydraulic alumina Amorphous aluminum hydroxide hydrate produced as a by-product of neutralization and agglomeration in the anodizing process of aluminum is manufactured by Pasolina (TYO-300) dryer or Yamato Science Co., Ltd. ) JIS R 5202 "Chemical analysis method of Portland cement" using an electric furnace manufactured by Repeated heating at 50 to 400 ° C for 15 minutes in accordance with the quantitative method for loss on ignition, constant weight (mass difference before and after heating for the last 15 minutes is 0.05 mass% or less of the aluminum hydroxide-containing material before drying) After heating to pulverize, a powdery hydraulic alumina was obtained by pulverization using a normal ball mill. And when the obtained hydraulic alumina was measured by the laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device LA-500A made by Horiba, Ltd., the average particle diameter of the amorphous hydraulic alumina was 15 μm.

  Here, FIG. 1 shows the result of X-ray diffraction measurement in natural drying (sun drying) of by-product aluminum hydroxide used as a raw material, and FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show the by-product aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray-diffraction measurement result of the amorphous hydraulic alumina obtained by heating temperature 110 degreeC, 200 degreeC, and 400 degreeC is shown. Table 1 shows the chemical analysis results of the by-product aluminum hydroxide after heating at 110 ° C. and the ignition loss.

  For the X-ray diffraction measurement, RINT-2500V manufactured by Rigaku Corporation was used as the X-ray diffraction apparatus. The measurement conditions in the X-ray diffractometer were as follows.

  Tube: Cu, tube current: 130 mA, tube voltage: 50 kV, sampling width: 0.02 °, scanning speed: 4 ° / min, wavelength: 1.5405 mm, measurement diffraction angle range (2θ): 5 ° to 70 °

As a result of the X-ray diffraction shown in FIG. 1, a small amount of gibbsite (Al (OH) ₃ ): Gi and bayerite (Al ₂ O ₃ ): Ba peaks are confirmed in the byproduct aluminum hydroxide before heating. However, most of the by-product aluminum hydroxide was confirmed to be an amorphous aluminum compound. As a result of X-ray diffraction shown in FIG. 2, a broad peak at 2θ = about 13 ° to 33 ° is recognized in hydraulic alumina obtained by heating the byproduct aluminum hydroxide hydrate at 110 ° C. It has its apex at 2θ = 20 °. Furthermore, the baseline B was drawn on the left and right bottoms of this broad peak (the broad peak skirt was connected by a line), and the half width was obtained based on the height of the broad peak from this baseline B. The half value was 2θ = 17 ° and 2θ = 26 °, and the half value width was 9 °. Also in the result of X-ray diffraction shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic alumina obtained by heating the by-product aluminum hydroxide hydrate at a temperature of 200 ° C. has a broad peak at 2θ = about 14 ° to 38 °. Is recognized and has its apex at 2θ = 22 °. Further, when the half width was obtained based on the height of the broad peak from the baseline B, the half width was 2θ = 18 ° and 2θ = 29 °, and the half width was 11 °. Also in the result of X-ray diffraction shown in FIG. 4, the hydraulic alumina obtained by heating the byproduct aluminum hydroxide hydrate at a temperature of 400 ° C. has a broad peak at 2θ = about 13 ° to 40 °. Is recognized and has its apex at 2θ = 24 °. Further, when the full width at half maximum was determined based on the height of the broad peak from the baseline B, the full width at half maximum was 2θ = 19 ° and 2θ = 31 °, and the full width at half maximum was 12 °.

(2) Preparation of solidified material, etc. Lightly burned magnesia made in China and hydraulic alumina obtained by heating amorphous by-product aluminum hydroxide hydrate to a constant weight at the temperature shown in Table 2, and The mixture was prepared by using lithium carbonate manufactured by Honjo Chemical Co., Ltd. at the ratio shown in Table 2 (Examples 1 to 24). In addition, as a comparative example, hydraulic alumina simple (Comparative Examples 1 and 8), solidified material with a small amount of magnesium oxide added (Comparative Examples 2 and 9), solidified material with a large amount of magnesium oxide added (Comparative Example 3, 10) Solidified material blended with hydraulic alumina whose heating temperature is too high (Comparative Examples 4 and 11), Solidified material using hydraulic alumina whose heating temperature is too low (Comparative Examples 5 and 12), and light calcined magnesia (oxidation) Magnesium) simple (Comparative Examples 6 and 13) and Ube Mitsubishi Cement Co., Ltd. cement-based solidified material youth tabiler 10 (Comparative Examples 7 and 14) were prepared.

(3) Specimen Preparation solidification test specimen Adjustment: As shown in Table 3 and 4, after the addition of solidified material prepared in the above (2) with respect to two samples soil 1 m ³ at a rate of 100kg The improved soil was prepared by mixing for 3 minutes with a Hobart mixer. At this time, as the two types of sample soils having different soil properties, sample soil A (water content ratio 50.0%, pH 7.49) shown in the column of “sample soil” in Table 3 and “sample soil” in Table 4 Sample soil B (Kuroboku) (water content ratio 96.7%, pH 6.82) shown in the column was used as a target. Thereafter, a molded body having a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm was obtained from the improved soil in accordance with the Cement Association Standard Test Method JCAS L-01-2003 “Test Method for Stabilized Soil Using Cement-Based Solidified Material”. The molded body was cured for 7 days in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 96% to obtain a specimen.

(4) Evaluation of improved soil: uniaxial compression test The specimen obtained in the above (3) was subjected to a uniaxial compression test in accordance with JIS A1216: 1998 "Soil uniaxial compression test method". About uniaxial compressive strength, 160 kN / m < ² > or more which is the value which converted the corn index 400 kN / m < ² > equivalent to 3rd type | mold improved soil into uniaxial compressive strength was aimed. Conversion to the uniaxial compressive strength of the cone index was as follows. The measurement results are shown in the column of “uniaxial compressive strength” in Tables 3 and 4.
[Uniaxial compressive strength conversion value = 400 (cone index) / 10 (uniaxial conversion coefficient) /0.5 (in-situ indoor strength ratio) /0.5 (strength reduction due to occasional loosening and compaction)]

(5) Evaluation of improved soil: pH measurement The pH of the improved soil obtained in (3) above was measured in accordance with JGS0211-2000 “Ground test method for soil suspension” at the age of 7 days. . About pH value, it aimed at existing in the range of 9-10 in which the solubility of lead shown in nonpatent literature 1 is the lowest. The measurement results are shown in the column of “pH of improved soil” in Tables 3 and 4.

[About solidification test]
As described in (3), the solidification test results when solidified material consisting of hydraulic alumina, lithium carbonate, and magnesium oxide was prepared and two types of clay soil A and blackboku B with different soil properties were used as a target. 3 and Table 4.

As shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 8, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen using the solidified material composed of hydraulic alumina alone showed a low value of 160 N / m ² or less. Moreover, pH was less than 9. Further, as shown in Comparative Examples 2 and 9 and Comparative Examples 3 and 10, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen using the solidified material in which the amount of magnesium oxide added is 15% by mass or less or exceeds 60% by mass. Although the strength of 160 kN / m ² or more can be obtained, the pH is less than 9 or the pH exceeds 10.

On the other hand, as shown in Examples 1 to 24, when using a solidified material in which a predetermined amount of magnesium oxide, hydraulic alumina and lithium carbonate was added and mixed, the uniaxial compressive strength of the obtained specimen was the target and 160 kN / m ² was sufficiently exceeded. Moreover, the pH showed a low alkali of 9-10.

On the other hand, when the production (heating) temperature of the hydraulic alumina exceeds 50 ° C. or exceeds 400 ° C., as shown in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the strength of the specimen has a low value of 160 kN / m ² or less. May show. Moreover, the specimens using the magnesium oxide simple substance and the cement-based solidified material shown in Comparative Examples 6 and 13 and Comparative Examples 7 and 14 have a pH exceeding 10.

It is the graph which showed the X-ray-diffraction measurement result after carrying out natural drying (sun-drying) of byproduct aluminum hydroxide. It is the graph which showed the X-ray-diffraction measurement result after heating byproduct aluminum hydroxide at 110 degreeC. It is the graph which showed the X-ray-diffraction measurement result after heating byproduct aluminum hydroxide at 200 degreeC. It is the graph which showed the X-ray-diffraction measurement result after heating byproduct aluminum hydroxide at 400 degreeC.

Explanation of symbols

Ba ... bayerite _{(Al 2 O 3), Gi} ... gibbsite _{(Al (OH) 3),} B ... baseline.

Claims (3)

Magnesium oxide more than 15% by mass and 60% by mass or less,
A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum at a wavelength of 1.5405 mm has a peak of a broad peak at 2θ = 22 ± 5 °, and water having a half width of 6 ° to 20 ° with reference to the baseline of the broad peak 30% by mass to 82% by mass of hard alumina,
And 2% to 15% by weight of lithium carbonate,
A low alkali solidifying material for hydrous soil characterized by containing.   The hydraulic alumina is obtained by heating an amorphous aluminum hydroxide compound by-produced by neutralization and agglomeration in an anodizing treatment step of aluminum to a constant weight at 50 ° C. to 400 ° C. The low alkali solidification material for hydrous soil according to claim 1. Wet soil 1 m ³ per solidification method characterized by mixing 50kg~200kg hydrous doyo low alkali solidifying material according to claim 1 or 2.

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