JP2006296209A - 変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ - Google Patents
変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】この発明の変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼは、ヘムポケットに面しており、ヘム面のDistal側にあって、過酸化水素によってヘムと共有結合するアミノ酸残基(置換元アミノ酸残基)を、過酸化水素によってヘムと共有結合しないアミノ酸残基(置換先アミノ酸残基)に置換すること主要な特徴とする。例えば、タバコ葉緑体局在性アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼのアミノ酸配列の第35位に位置するトリプトファンをフェニルアラニンに置換することにより、過酸化水素による酵素活性の半減期が6.6倍長くなることが確認できた。
【選択図】なし
Description
この発明が変異の対象とする酵素の種類は、アスコルビン酸を還元剤として、過酸化水素を還元する野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼである。ここで、ヘムと共有結合するアミノ酸残基以外のアミノ酸残基を欠失、置換、又は付加し、かつアスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ酵素活性を備えたアスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼも、この発明が変異の対象とする「野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ」に含まれる。
野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼにおいて置換の対象となるアミノ酸残基(置換元アミノ酸残基)は、ヘムを収容するヘムポケットに面し、ヘム面のdistal側に存在するとともに、過酸化水素によってヘムと共有結合するアミノ酸残基である。ここで、「面する」とは立体構造の一部分又は大部分がヘムポケットの空洞に対して露出していることを言う。また、「ヘム面のdistal側に存在」とは、ミオグロビンの例に習って、ヘム面を境に第5配位子ヒスチジンのある側をProximal(近位)、反対側をdistal(遠位)と呼ぶ場合のdistal側にあることをいう。さらに、「過酸化水素によって共有結合を形成」とは、ヘムとアミノ酸残基とが、過酸化水素の酸化作用によって不可逆的に共有結合を形成することをいう。
この発明の蛋白質は、配列番号1(その塩基配列の一例を配列番号2に記載する。)に示すアミノ酸配列における第35位のトリプトファン残基を、トリプトファン残基以外のアミノ酸残基、好ましくはフェニルアラニン残基に置換したものである。
これらの蛋白質、DNA、ベクター、形質転換細胞は、すでに公知になっている任意の方法により製造することができる。
まず、タバコ葉より抽出した全RNAとオリゴdTプライマー、逆転写酵素を用いて一本鎖cDNAを合成した。
第35位にあるトリプトファン残基をフェニルアラニン残基に置換するため、図2に示すように、(2a)野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼのN末端側とC末端側をPCR反応によって別々に増幅し、(2b)得られたPCR産物をライゲーションにより結合させたのち、(2c)この結合物をPCRで増幅して、(2d)ベクターに組み込んだ。以下にその詳細について説明する。
まず、(1)及び(2)で調製したpET16tsAPX、pETtsAPXW35Fをそれぞれ大腸菌BL21 ( DE3)株に形質転換した。そして、形質転換した大腸菌を50 mg/L アンピシリンを加えた 3LのLB培地で30 ℃下で、OD600 = 0.4となるまで24時間攪拌培養したのち、1 mMの i sopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG) を添加し、O.D.600 = 0.5となるまでさらに5時間培養した。培養が完了したのち、大腸菌を4 ℃下で遠心分離(2800g,15 min)して集菌し、1 mMアスコルビン酸を含む50 mM リン酸ナトリウムバッファー(pH 7.0)で洗浄したのち、液体窒素によって凍結し- 80°Cで保存した。 なお、同様の方法によって、計12 LのLB培地を使用して形質転換した大腸菌を培養し、その菌体を回収した。
アミノ酸置換が、(4a)アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼの酵素活性、ヘム周辺の状態を示す(4b)紫外可視スペクトルに与えた影響を調べた。
野生型及び変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼの活性測定は、反応液(50mMリン酸カリウムバッファー(pH7.0)、0.5mM アスコルビン酸、0.1mM 過酸化水素)1mlを使用して、中野らの方法(〔3〕NakanoとAsada,1981)に沿って行った。ここで、過酸化水素によるアスコルビン酸の減少は、290nm(モル吸光係数2.8mM-1・cm-1)における吸光度の減少を紫外可視分光光度計UV-1700 PharmaSpec(島津製作所)を使用して25℃で測定した。
まず、アスコルビン酸除去後に残るごく微量のアスコルビン酸と溶存酸素との反応による過酸化水素の生成を防ぐため、精製酵素溶液から溶存酸素とアスコルビン酸を除去して、嫌気リン酸ナトリウムバッファーにバッファー交換し、嫌気酵素溶液をえた。具体的には、窒素ガスにより嫌気化した50mMリン酸ナトリウムバッファー(pH7.0)で平衡化したゲル濾過カラムNAP5(Pharmacia,アメリカ)及びPD10(Pharmacia,アメリカ)に前記精製酵素溶液を順に通すことにより、3.5mlの嫌気酵素溶液を得た。
アミノ酸置換が、過酸化水素処理よるヘムとアポ酵素との間の共有結合形成に与える影響について調べた。具体的には、(5a)嫌気酵素溶液に過酸化水素を添加して失活反応を開始させたのち、一定時間後に失活反応を停止させ、(5b)強酸処理によって蛋白質を変性させたのち、逆相クロマトグラフィーに供してその可視紫外スペクトルを測定した。その結果を図4に示す。なお、図4(a)及び(b)は野生型の、図4(c)及び(d)は変異型のアスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼの結果をそれぞれ示している。また、図4(a)及び(c)は失活反応前の、(b)及び(d)は失活反応後のアスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼの結果をそれぞれ示している。
アミノ酸置換が過酸化水素による失活に与える影響について調べた。具体的には、嫌気酵素液に20倍モル当量の過酸化水素を添加して、一定時間ごとにその一部を取り出し、速やかに50 mMリン酸ナトリウム(pH7.0), 0.5 mM アスコルビン酸, 0.01 mg/mL BSAを含む水溶液に混合して失活反応を停止させたのち、(4a)と同様の方法により残存酵素活性を測定した。その結果を図5に示す。なお、図5中の□と■は、それぞれ失活反応前と後の野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼの残存活性を示しており、○と●とはそれぞれ失活反応前と後の変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼの残存活性を示している。
〔1〕Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J. G., Smith, J. A. and Struhl, K., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. Greene Publishing Associates/John Wiley and Sons, New York (1997)
〔2〕Kitajima, S., Ueda, M., Sano, S., Miyake, C., Kohchi, T., Tomizawa, K., Shigeoka, S. and Yokota, A. A stable form of ascorbate peroxidase from sulfur dioxide-tolerant red algae, Galdieria partita, is a hybrid-type enzyme of chloroplastic and cytosolic forms of higher plant. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66(11), 2367-2375 (2002)
〔3〕Nakano, Y. and Asada, K., Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol., 22, 867-880 (1981)
〔4〕Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T., Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual 2nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor (1989).
〔5〕Smulevich G, Mauro JM, Fishel LA, English AM, Kraut J, Spiro TG. Heme pocket interactions in cytochrome c peroxidase studied by site-directed mutagenesis and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry. 1988 Jul 26;27(15):5477-85.
〔6〕中山広樹、西方敬人 バイオ実験イラストレイテッド2 遺伝子解析の基礎2 遺伝子解析の基礎 秀潤社、東京 (1995)
Claims (9)
- 野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼのヘムポケットに面し、ヘム面のDistal側にあるとともに、過酸化水素によってヘムと共有結合するアミノ酸残基(置換元アミノ酸残基)を、過酸化水素によってヘムと共有結合しないアミノ酸残基(置換先アミノ酸残基)に置換した変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ。
- 置換元アミノ酸残基がトリプトファン残基であり、置換先アミノ酸残基がトリプトファン残基以外のアミノ酸残基である請求項1に記載の変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ。
- 置換先アミノ酸残基が、フェニルアラニン残基である請求項2に記載の変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ。
- 野生型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼが、タバコ葉緑体局在性アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼである請求項1から請求項3の何れかに記載の変異型アスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ。
- 以下の(a)又は(b)の蛋白質。
(a)配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列における第35位のトリプトファン残基をトリプトファン以外のアミノ酸残基(置換先アミノ酸残基)に置換してなる蛋白質、
(b)配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列における第35位のトリプトファン残基をトリプトファン以外のアミノ酸残基(置換先アミノ酸残基)に置換し、置換先アミノ酸残基以外の1又は数個のアミノ酸残基が欠失、置換、又は付加されたアミノ酸配列からなり、ヘムと混合することによってアスコルビン酸パーオキシダーゼ活性を示す蛋白質。 - 置換先アミノ酸残基がフェニルアラニン残基である請求項5に記載の蛋白質。
- 請求項5又は請求項6に記載の蛋白質をコードする塩基配列を有するDNA。
- 請求項7に記載のDNAを、そのDNAの遺伝子機能が発現可能な状態で含むベクター。
- 請求項7に記載のDNAを、そのDNAの遺伝子機能が発現可能な状態で含む形質転換体。
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CN111631979A (zh) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-08 | 吉林省万润生物科技有限公司 | 一种抗坏血酸过氧化物酶模拟酶及其在抗衰老化妆品中的应用 |
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