JP2006294361A - Light guide plate and display device - Google Patents
Light guide plate and display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、液晶表示装置に代表される表示装置に主として採用されるエッジライト方式のバックライト・ユニットに用いられる導光板の改良に関する。 The present invention relates to an improvement in a light guide plate used in an edge light type backlight unit mainly employed in a display device typified by a liquid crystal display device.
現在、広く普及している携帯電話や携帯情報端末では、照明装置として主にバックライト方式の照明装置(以下、背面照明装置とも称する)が用いられている。
このような背面照明装置としての光源は、高輝度でしかも輝度ムラがなく平面全体を照明する必要がある。
さらに、表示装置の大型化・薄型化の要求に伴って、導光板にも大型化・薄型化が求められている。
At present, mobile phones and portable information terminals that are widely used mainly use backlight type lighting devices (hereinafter also referred to as back lighting devices) as lighting devices.
Such a light source as a back lighting device needs to illuminate the entire plane with high luminance and no luminance unevenness.
Further, along with the demand for larger and thinner display devices, the light guide plate is also required to be larger and thinner.
図1に一般的な背面照明装置の構成を示す。
この背面照明装置は、主に光源1,導光板2,反射シート4,拡散シート5,プリズムシート6からなっている。
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a general backlight device.
This back lighting device mainly includes a
光源としては、消費電力や実装スペースなどの点から主に発光ダイオード(LED)や冷陰極管ランプ(CCFL)が用いられ、これを透明樹脂からなる導光板の端面に配し、導光板に光を入射させることで、薄型化を実現している。 As the light source, a light emitting diode (LED) or a cold cathode tube lamp (CCFL) is mainly used in terms of power consumption and mounting space, and this is disposed on the end face of the light guide plate made of transparent resin, and light is applied to the light guide plate. Is made thin.
光源1からの光は、導光板2の端面から導光板2に入射する。
導光板2は、端面から入射した光を平面に広げて射出するための透明な板であり、主としてアクリル樹脂もしくはポリカーボネートが用いられる。
導光板2の裏面(もしくは、反対側の前面。あるいは、裏面・前面の双方。以下、裏面で代表して説明する。)には、ドットパターンもしくはプリズムパターンもしくは回折格子パターン3が形成されている。
導光板2に入射した光は、内部で全反射を繰り返して伝播していき、裏面のパターン3により、散乱もしくは反射もしくは回折して、導光板2の上面から射出される。
この際、導光板2に入射した光を均一に上面へ反射させて、導光板2の上面から射出する(画面内での輝度分布を均一化する)ための各種工夫が、裏面のパターン3には施されることが一般的である。
Light from the
The
A dot pattern, a prism pattern, or a
The light incident on the
At this time, various measures for reflecting light incident on the
反射シート4は導光板3の裏面側に設けられ、導光板2の裏面から漏れた光を導光板2の方へ戻す働きをしている。
The reflection sheet 4 is provided on the back surface side of the
拡散シート5は、導光板2の射出面側に設けられ、輝度の面内分布を均一化する役割を持っている。導光板2の上面にも拡散パターンが設けられていることが多く、拡散シート5とあわせて輝度ムラを低減させている。
The diffusion sheet 5 is provided on the exit surface side of the
プリズムシート6は、拡散シート5の上側に設けられ、拡散シート5から射出された光に指向性を持たせて射出面のピーク輝度を上げる働きをしている。また、拡散シート5から射出される光の進行方向を導光板の表面にほぼ垂直な方向へ揃える役割を果たしている。
The
導光板2に入射した光を均一に上面へ反射させるための、導光板2の裏面に形成されるパターン3には、上述のように、ドットパターン,プリズムパターン,回折格子パターンなど各種形態があり、導光板の裏面にホログラムが形成されたタイプとして、特許文献1の提案が知られている。
特許文献1による導光板は、
透明板状体を備え、その一面にホログラムが設けられ、その板状体の一端の近傍に配置された光源から導入された光がその板状体中を繰り返し全反射しながら伝搬し、その伝搬される光の一部が前記ホログラムにより前記板状体の外部へ回折されるように構成されているホログラム導光板において、前記板状体の前記光源とは反対側の端部に前記の伝搬される光を吸収する吸収層が設けられていることを特徴とするホログラム導光板(請求項1)である。
The
The light guide plate according to
A transparent plate is provided with a hologram on one side, and light introduced from a light source arranged near one end of the plate is propagated repeatedly and totally reflected in the plate. In the hologram light guide plate configured such that a part of the light to be diffracted by the hologram to the outside of the plate-like body, the light is propagated to the end of the plate-like body opposite to the light source. The hologram light guide plate is characterized in that an absorption layer for absorbing light is provided.
また、導光板の裏面に回折格子が形成されたタイプとして、
透明な板状体の少なくとも一端面から入射する光源からの光を、上記板状体の裏面に設けられた回折格子によって板状体の表面側へ回折させる導光板であって、
上記回折格子の断面形状または単位幅における格子部幅/非格子部幅の比の少なくとも1つが、上記導光板の表面における輝度が増大し、かつ均一化されるように変化せしめら
れていることを特徴とする導光板(特許文献2)のような提案も知られている。
A light guide plate that diffracts light from a light source incident from at least one end face of a transparent plate-like body toward the surface side of the plate-like body by a diffraction grating provided on the back surface of the plate-like body,
That at least one of the cross-sectional shape of the diffraction grating or the ratio of the grating part width / non-grating part width in the unit width is changed so that the luminance on the surface of the light guide plate increases and becomes uniform. A proposal such as a characteristic light guide plate (Patent Document 2) is also known.
背面照明装置(バックライト・ユニット)に要求される特性として、導光板の表面にほぼ垂直な方向から観察した際に、高輝度でしかも輝度ムラがなく導光板表面全体が光っていること、および薄型軽量であることが求められている。
しかしながら、従来の背面照明装置における導光板では、光源から導光板に入射する光のうちで最も強い成分である直進成分が終端面から抜けることによる正面方向における光の射出効率の低下、および端面における望ましくない反射によるノイズ光の発生が問題となることがある。
正面方向における光の射出効率は、背面照明装置としての光の利用効率であり、その低下は暗い照明装置を意味し、大きな問題である。
The characteristics required for a backlight unit (backlight unit) are high brightness and no uneven brightness when observed from a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the light guide plate, and the entire surface of the light guide plate shines. It is required to be thin and light.
However, in the light guide plate in the conventional backlighting device, the light emission efficiency in the front direction decreases due to the straight component that is the strongest component of the light incident on the light guide plate from the light source coming out of the end surface, and in the end surface The generation of noise light due to undesirable reflections can be a problem.
The light emission efficiency in the front direction is the utilization efficiency of light as a back lighting device, and its reduction means a dark lighting device and is a big problem.
また、導光板の形状として、断面楔型のもの(光源に近い始端箇所から、光源に遠い終端箇所にかけて、徐々に厚みがテーパ状に減少する構造)とフラット構造のものがあり、従来は断面楔型が主流であったが、現在はフラット構造に主流が移りつつある。
断面楔形では、入射した光を端部まで比較的効率よく利用することができたが、フラット構造では、特に上記のような入射光の直進成分のロスが問題となる。
In addition, the light guide plate has a wedge-shaped section (a structure in which the thickness gradually decreases in a taper shape from a starting end position close to the light source to a terminal position far from the light source) and a flat structure. The wedge type was the mainstream, but now the mainstream is moving to a flat structure.
With the wedge-shaped cross section, incident light can be used relatively efficiently up to the end, but with the flat structure, the above-mentioned loss of the straight component of incident light becomes a problem.
上記特許文献2では、この問題を解決することが考慮されており、終端面に黒色の吸収層を設ける手法に係る記載がある。
In the above-mentioned
<特許文献2 段落0033>
図1に示したように、透明板状体2の光源4側と反対の他端2bに黒色塗料等からなる吸収層7を設けてこの他端2bに達する照明光5を吸収させて上記のような好ましくない戻り光5nの発生を防止するようにする。
<
As shown in FIG. 1, an
特許文献2に記載の上記手法によれば、光の抜けおよび端面反射を防ぎ、ノイズの発生を抑制することができるが、光源からの照明光の利用効率は低下してしまうことに他ならず、表示装置による表示光の輝度向上には寄与しない。
According to the above-described method described in
また、それを改善するために、単純に反射光量を増加させるべく、終端面に金属板もしくは金属蒸着を配置することによって、終端面からの光を反射させる手法も考えられるが、反射角を意図的に制御することは難しく、十分に光の利用効率を上げることができず、またノイズ光やムラの発生に起因するだけとなってしまう。 In order to improve it, a method of reflecting the light from the end surface by arranging a metal plate or metal vapor deposition on the end surface to simply increase the amount of reflected light can be considered, but the reflection angle is intended. It is difficult to control automatically, it is not possible to sufficiently increase the light use efficiency, and it is only caused by generation of noise light and unevenness.
本発明は、導光板の終端面における端面反射を適切に制御することで、ノイズ光の発生を抑えつつ、光の利用効率を上げ、高輝度の表示光を得ることを目的としている。 An object of the present invention is to appropriately control the end face reflection at the end face of the light guide plate, thereby suppressing the generation of noise light, increasing the light use efficiency, and obtaining high luminance display light.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明による導光板は、
導光板の一方の端面に光源を配し、前記導光板に入射した光を均一に上面へ反射させて面光源とするエッジライト方式のバックライト・ユニットに用いられる導光板において、
光源と反対側の端面である終端面に、反射型回折格子を配置したことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, a light guide plate according to the present invention comprises:
In the light guide plate used in the edge light type backlight unit, a light source is arranged on one end surface of the light guide plate, and the light incident on the light guide plate is uniformly reflected on the upper surface to be a surface light source.
A reflection type diffraction grating is arranged on the end face which is the end face opposite to the light source.
本発明の導光板を用いたバックライト・ユニット(背面照明装置)では、導光板の終端面に回折格子パターンを配置することにより、導光板に入射した光の直進成分を導光板内の全反射光に変換することによって有効に利用することができ、光の利用効率を向上することが出来、高輝度の表示光が視覚可能な表示装置が得られる。 In the backlight unit (backlighting device) using the light guide plate of the present invention, a diffraction grating pattern is arranged on the end face of the light guide plate so that the straight component of light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected in the light guide plate. By converting it into light, it can be used effectively, the light use efficiency can be improved, and a display device that can visually display high-luminance display light can be obtained.
以下、本発明による導光板の実施形態を、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
図2に示すように、光源1から導光板2に光が入射し伝播していくとき、伝播する光は、全反射条件を満たす角度で反射を繰り返して進んでいく。
Hereinafter, embodiments of a light guide plate according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 2, when light enters the
導光板2がアクリル樹脂からなる場合、その屈折率を約1.5とすると臨界角は41.8°(≒42°)であり、導光板の上面21aおよび下面21bに42°以上の角度で入射した光は全反射によって導光板内に閉じ込められ、伝播していく。
When the
しかし、光源から導光板に入射する光のうち最も強い直進成分7は、大部分がそのまま終端面から抜けてしまい、終端面近辺での輝度ムラの原因となる。
この直進成分7を有効に利用し輝度ムラを低減させるためには、図3に示すように直進成分7を終端面22で回折させ、導光板下面21bもしくは上面21aに全反射の条件を満たすよう臨界角42°以上で入射させると良い。
そうすれば、直進成分7は内部で全反射を繰り返して伝播していくため、入射光と同様に導光板内に閉じ込めることができる。
However, most of the strongest
In order to effectively use the
Then, since the
このように伝播していく際に、図4のように裏面のパターン3により散乱もしくは反射もしくは回折して導光板2の上面から適宜射出される。
このように、終端面から抜けてしまっていた直進成分を導光板上面からの射出光として利用することで、光の利用効率を向上させることができる。
When propagating in this way, the light is scattered, reflected or diffracted by the
In this way, the light utilization efficiency can be improved by using the straight component that has been removed from the end surface as the light emitted from the upper surface of the light guide plate.
ここで、終端面22に垂直に達する光の波長として、633nm(R)の光を想定する。
この光を終端面22で回折した後、下面21bで全反射させるためには、下面21bに42°以上の角度で入射しなくてはならない。
その際、終端面22では48°以下で回折させる必要がある。
このような条件を満たす回折格子パターンの空間周波数は、例えば48°に回折させるときは約1200本/mmである。
空間周波数は以下の式で算出される。
d=λ/sinθ
x=1/d
d;回折格子のピッチ幅
λ;光の波長
θ;回折格子への光の入射角度
x;回折格子の空間周波数
Here, a light of 633 nm (R) is assumed as a wavelength of the light reaching perpendicularly to the
In order for this light to be diffracted by the
At that time, it is necessary to diffract the
The spatial frequency of the diffraction grating pattern that satisfies such conditions is, for example, about 1200 lines / mm when diffracted at 48 °.
The spatial frequency is calculated by the following formula.
d = λ / sin θ
x = 1 / d
d: Pitch width of diffraction grating λ: Wavelength of light θ: Light incident angle on diffraction grating x: Spatial frequency of diffraction grating
同様に、終端面22に入射する光の波長として、532nm(G)の光を想定すると、48°に回折させるのに必要な空間周波数は約1400本/mmである。
また同様に、終端面22に入射する光の波長として、442nm(B)の光を想定すると、48°に回折させるのに必要な空間周波数は約1700本/mmである。
Similarly, assuming that light having a wavelength of 532 nm (G) is incident on the
Similarly, assuming that light having a wavelength of 442 nm (B) is incident on the
図7に示すように、上記の3種類の空間周波数を持つ回折格子セルをマトリクス状に配置することにより、R,G,B成分から成る白色光を目的の角度で回折させることができる。
また、光源からの光の主成分が青と黄色の二種類の場合は二種類の回折格子セル、広い波長領域を有する光にはそれに含まれる波長成分に対応する回折格子セルを複数種類設けてもよい。
As shown in FIG. 7, white light composed of R, G, and B components can be diffracted at a target angle by arranging the diffraction grating cells having the above three types of spatial frequencies in a matrix.
In addition, when the main components of the light from the light source are two types of blue and yellow, two types of diffraction grating cells are provided. Also good.
回折格子を断面鋸歯状のブレーズド格子にすることで、回折光の回折角を高効率かつ厳密に制御することができ、照明装置としての光の利用効率を一層高めることができる。 By making the diffraction grating a blazed grating having a sawtooth cross section, the diffraction angle of the diffracted light can be controlled with high efficiency and strictly, and the light use efficiency as the illumination device can be further enhanced.
このような回折格子パターンの作成は、例えば以下のようにして行われる。
ガラス基板などの上に記録材料層を形成したものに、電子ビームによって回折格子を描画することによって、任意の空間周波数の回折格子セルを描画することができる。
Such a diffraction grating pattern is created as follows, for example.
By drawing a diffraction grating with an electron beam on a recording material layer formed on a glass substrate or the like, a diffraction grating cell having an arbitrary spatial frequency can be drawn.
上記のように作成した回折格子パターンを成形時に側面加工する。
終端面22に回折格子パターンを配置することにより、光の利用効率を向上させることができるが、さらに利用効率を高めるために反射板もしくは金属蒸着層を設けてもよい。
金属反射では光吸収が若干生じるが、回折格子パターンを配置しても生じてしまう終端面における光の抜けを大幅に削減することができるため、光吸収を考慮しても全体の光の利用効率は向上する。
The diffraction grating pattern created as described above is subjected to side processing at the time of molding.
The use efficiency of light can be improved by arranging the diffraction grating pattern on the
Light absorption occurs slightly in metal reflection, but light leakage at the end face that occurs even if a diffraction grating pattern is placed can be greatly reduced, so the overall light utilization efficiency even when light absorption is considered Will improve.
もしくは、さらに光の利用効率を高めるために、終端面22に傾斜角をつけてもよい。
図5に示すように、全反射条件を満たす角度(42°以上)で直進成分7が終端面22に入射するようにすれば、終端面22からの抜けをなくすことができる。
このとき、図6に示すように、傾斜角を考慮した上で回折格子を設計し終端面に配置し、終端面での抜けを防ぐと共に、導光板下面21bもしくは上面21aに臨界角42°以上で入射させるようにすれば、光の利用効率をさらに高めることができ、望ましい。
Alternatively, in order to further improve the light utilization efficiency, the
As shown in FIG. 5, if the
At this time, as shown in FIG. 6, the diffraction grating is designed in consideration of the inclination angle and disposed on the end surface to prevent the end surface from coming off, and the light guide plate
1:光源
2:導光板
21a:導光板上面
21b:導光板下面
22:終端面
3:ドットパターンもしくはプリズムパターンもしくは回折格子パターン
4:反射シート
5:拡散シート
6:プリズムシート
7:入射光の直進成分
1: Light source 2:
Claims (8)
光源と反対側の端面である終端面に、反射型回折格子を配置したことを特徴とする導光板。 In the light guide plate used in the edge light type backlight unit, a light source is arranged on one end face of the light guide plate, and the light incident on the light guide plate is uniformly reflected on the upper surface to be a surface light source.
A light guide plate, characterized in that a reflective diffraction grating is disposed on a terminal surface that is an end surface opposite to a light source.
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JP2010278001A (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-09 | Sharp Corp | Polarized diffractive light guide body, backlight, and display device |
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