JP2006248930A - Method for producing 2'-o-modified nucleoside - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシドを還元反応、加水分解反応、双極子付加反応などの化学反応に付し、これによって2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを製造する方法、及びこの方法によって得られる新規2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドに関する。 The present invention provides a method for producing a 2′-O-modified nucleoside by subjecting 2′-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside to a chemical reaction such as a reduction reaction, hydrolysis reaction, dipole addition reaction and the like, and a method obtained by this method. To a novel 2′-O-modified nucleoside.
RNAの2’水酸基を修飾した人工RNAはアンチセンス核酸、siRNAなどの核酸医薬の素材として有用である。特に2’位にアルキル基を介してヘテロ原子を含む置換基を導入した人工RNAは相補的なDNAやRNAとの親和性が高く、またヌクレアーゼ耐性を有するものも多いことから有用性も高い(カーレント オピニオン イン ケミカルバイオロジー 8号 570 2004)。 Artificial RNA in which the 2 'hydroxyl group of RNA is modified is useful as a material for nucleic acid drugs such as antisense nucleic acids and siRNA. In particular, artificial RNA introduced with a substituent containing a heteroatom via an alkyl group at the 2 ′ position has high affinity with complementary DNA and RNA, and many have nuclease resistance, and thus are highly useful ( Carrent Opinion in Chemical Biology No. 8 570 2004).
従来の2’−O−修飾RNAの合成法は3’位および5’位の水酸基を保護したリボヌクレオシドに対し、種々のハロゲン化アルキルを作用させ合成する。しかし、この方法ではアルキル基の末端に反応性の高いアミノ基など反応の高い置換基が存在する場合には、直接適用できず、これらを一旦保護したアルキル剤を別途調整する必要があるなどの問題点があった(ジャーナル オブ オルガニックケミストリー 67号 357 2002)。また、カルボニルエチル基などの塩基性条件下不安定な修飾基を有する化合物はこの方法では効率的に合成できなかった。 In the conventional method for synthesizing 2'-O-modified RNA, various alkyl halides are allowed to act on ribonucleosides in which the hydroxyl groups at the 3 'and 5' positions are protected. However, in this method, when a highly reactive substituent such as a highly reactive amino group is present at the terminal of the alkyl group, it cannot be directly applied, and it is necessary to separately adjust an alkyl agent once protecting these. There was a problem (Journal of Organic Chemistry 67, 357 2002). In addition, a compound having a modifying group unstable under basic conditions such as a carbonylethyl group could not be efficiently synthesized by this method.
上述したように、2’−O−修飾RNAは有用性が高いにもかかわらず、従来法では効率的に合成するのが困難であった。本発明は、2’−O−修飾RNAの構成単位である2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを効率的に合成する手段を提供することを目的とする。 As described above, 2'-O-modified RNA is difficult to synthesize efficiently by conventional methods, despite its high usefulness. An object of the present invention is to provide a means for efficiently synthesizing a 2'-O-modified nucleoside that is a constituent unit of 2'-O-modified RNA.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討を重ねた結果、本発明者らによって以前合成された2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシド(非特許文献1)を合成中間体とすることにより、様々な2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを合成できることを見出し、この知見に基づき本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor made various changes by using 2′-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside (Non-patent Document 1) previously synthesized by the present inventors as a synthetic intermediate. It was found that 2′-O-modified nucleosides could be synthesized, and the present invention was completed based on this finding.
即ち、本発明は、以下の(1)〜(4)を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention provides the following (1) to (4).
(1)一般式(I): (1) General formula (I):
で表される2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシドを反応に付し、一般式(II):
2′-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside represented by the general formula (II):
で表される2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得ることを特徴とする2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドの製造方法。
A 2′-O-modified nucleoside represented by the formula: 2′-O-modified nucleoside.
(2)反応が、還元反応、加水分解反応、又は双極子付加反応であることを特徴とする(1)記載の2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドの製造方法。 (2) The method for producing a 2'-O-modified nucleoside according to (1), wherein the reaction is a reduction reaction, a hydrolysis reaction, or a dipole addition reaction.
(3)一般式(II’): (3) General formula (II '):
で表される2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシド。
A 2′-O-modified nucleoside represented by
(4)(3)記載の2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを含むRNA。 (4) RNA containing the 2'-O-modified nucleoside according to (3).
本発明により、様々な用途に利用されている2’−O−修飾RNAの構成単位である2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを効率的に合成することが可能になる。また、本発明によって、従来存在しなかった新規な2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドも提供される。 The present invention makes it possible to efficiently synthesize 2'-O-modified nucleosides that are constituent units of 2'-O-modified RNA used in various applications. The present invention also provides novel 2'-O-modified nucleosides that did not exist previously.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明の2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドの製造方法は、一般式(I): The method for producing a 2'-O-modified nucleoside of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the general formula (I):
一般式(I)及び(II)におけるX及びYは、同一又は異なって水素原子又は水酸基の保護基を表す。水酸基の保護基としては、ヌクレオシドの5’水酸基や3’水酸基の保護に使われる一般的な保護基が使用でき、例えば、置換基を有していてもよいシリル基(例えば、tert-ブチルジフェニルシリル基)、4−メトキシトリチル基、4,4’−ジメトキシトリチル基などを用いることができる。また、XとYは一体となって保護基を形成してもよい。このような一体となった保護基としては、例えば、1,1,3,3−テトライソプロピルジシロキサニリデン、ジ(t−ブチル)シランジイルなどの環状シリル基を挙げることができる。 X and Y in general formulas (I) and (II) are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group. As a protecting group for a hydroxyl group, a general protecting group used for protecting a 5 ′ hydroxyl group or a 3 ′ hydroxyl group of a nucleoside can be used. For example, a silyl group which may have a substituent (for example, tert-butyldiphenyl). Silyl group), 4-methoxytrityl group, 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl group, and the like. X and Y may be combined to form a protective group. Examples of such an integrated protecting group include cyclic silyl groups such as 1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanylidene and di (t-butyl) silanediyl.
一般式(I)及び(II)におけるBは、核酸塩基の残基を表す。ここで、「核酸塩基」とは、生物の染色体DNA,プラスミドDNA、メッセンジャーRNA、リボソーマルRNA、トランスファーRNA、核内小分子RNAなど、天然に存在する核酸に見出される全ての核酸塩基および、核酸の合成に使用可能な、置換基を有してもよいヘテロ芳香環全般を含む。代表的な核酸塩基としてはアデニン、グアニン、シトシン、ウラシル、チミンなどを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。また、核酸塩基には保護基を有するものも含まれる。 B in the general formulas (I) and (II) represents a nucleobase residue. As used herein, “nucleobase” refers to all nucleobases found in naturally occurring nucleic acids such as chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and small nuclear RNA of organisms. Includes all heteroaromatic rings that may be substituted and that may be used in the synthesis. Representative nucleobases include, but are not limited to, adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, thymine and the like. Nucleobase includes those having a protecting group.
一般式(II)におけるZは、2−イミノエチル基、アミノプロピル基、2−ホルミルエチル基、2−カルバモイルエチル基、カルボキシエチル基、2−チオカルバモイルエチル基、テトラゾール−5−イルエチル基、ピリジン−2−イルエチル基を表す。なお、Zが2−イミノエチル基、2−ホルミルエチル基、2−カルバモイルエチル基、カルボキシエチル基、2−チオカルバモイルエチル基、テトラゾール−5−イルエチル基、ピリジン−2−イルエチル基の場合、一般式(II)で表される2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドは新規な化合物である。 Z in the general formula (II) is 2-iminoethyl group, aminopropyl group, 2-formylethyl group, 2-carbamoylethyl group, carboxyethyl group, 2-thiocarbamoylethyl group, tetrazol-5-ylethyl group, pyridine- Represents a 2-ylethyl group. In the case where Z is 2-iminoethyl group, 2-formylethyl group, 2-carbamoylethyl group, carboxyethyl group, 2-thiocarbamoylethyl group, tetrazol-5-ylethyl group, pyridin-2-ylethyl group, The 2′-O-modified nucleoside represented by (II) is a novel compound.
上記2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシドを2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドに変換する反応としては、還元反応、加水分解反応、双極子付加反応などを例示できる。 Examples of the reaction for converting the 2'-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside to a 2'-O-modified nucleoside include a reduction reaction, a hydrolysis reaction, and a dipole addition reaction.
還元反応とは、例えば還元剤としてラネーニッケル、水素化アルミニウムリチウム、ジイソブチルアルミニウムヒドリド、アラン、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ジボラン、ボランと任意の配位子とからなるボラン錯体、ナトリウム トリアセトキシ水素化ボランなどを用いて、反応を阻害しない溶媒中、3’、5’位および核酸塩基部を適切に保護していてもよい2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシドに対して還元剤を作用させ、目的物として、2’水酸基に2−イミノエチル基、アミノプロピル基などを有する対応する2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得る反応を指す。 The reduction reaction is, for example, Raney nickel, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, alane, sodium borohydride, diborane, borane complex consisting of borane and any ligand, sodium triacetoxy hydride borane, etc. Using a reducing agent to act on a 2′-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside which may appropriately protect the 3 ′, 5 ′ position and the nucleobase in a solvent that does not inhibit the reaction, 'A reaction for obtaining a corresponding 2'-O-modified nucleoside having a 2-iminoethyl group, aminopropyl group or the like at the hydroxyl group.
また、この他に接触水素化の触媒として、ラネーニッケル、ホウ化ニッケル、ラネーコバルト、ルテニウム、パラジウム、銅、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウムなど、もしくはこれらの任意の混合物を触媒本体として触媒を用いて、反応を阻害しない溶媒中、常圧から100MPaの水素圧化で3’、5’位および核酸塩基部を適切に保護していてもよい2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシドに対して触媒を作用させ、目的物として、2’水酸基に2−イミノエチル基、アミノプロピル基を有する対応する2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得る反応を指す。 In addition, as a catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation, Raney nickel, nickel boride, Raney cobalt, ruthenium, palladium, copper, rhenium, osmium, iridium, or any mixture thereof can be used as a catalyst body for the reaction. In a solvent that does not inhibit the reaction, the catalyst is allowed to act on the 2′-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside, which may appropriately protect the 3 ′, 5 ′ position and the nucleobase moiety by hydrogen pressure from atmospheric pressure to 100 MPa. As a product, it refers to a reaction for obtaining a corresponding 2′-O-modified nucleoside having a 2-iminoethyl group and an aminopropyl group at the 2 ′ hydroxyl group.
更に、これらの還元反応において、得られる2−イミノエチル基が還元反応中に系内の水と反応して2−ホルミルエチル基へと変換される反応も含む。 Further, these reduction reactions include a reaction in which the obtained 2-iminoethyl group reacts with water in the system during the reduction reaction and is converted to a 2-formylethyl group.
加水分解反応とは硫酸、硝酸、塩酸などの任意の鉱酸もしくは、酢酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸などの任意の有機酸と、反応を阻害しない有機溶媒と水とを体積比で0:100〜0.001:99.999の比率で含む溶媒中、反応させて2’水酸基に2−カルバモイルエチル基、カルボキシエチル基を有する対応する2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得る反応を指す。 Hydrolysis reaction is any mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or any organic acid such as acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, an organic solvent that does not inhibit the reaction, and water. Reaction is performed in a solvent containing a volume ratio of 0: 100 to 0.001: 99.999 to obtain a corresponding 2′-O-modified nucleoside having a 2-carbamoylethyl group and a carboxyethyl group at the 2 ′ hydroxyl group. Refers to reaction.
加硫分解反応とは、硫化水素、チオ酢酸、チオリン酸などの硫黄源を含む無機、有機硫黄化合物(1当量〜過剰(飽和))を反応系に存在させて2’水酸基に2−チオカルバモイルエチル基を有する対応する2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得る反応を指す。 The vulcanization decomposition reaction means that an inorganic or organic sulfur compound (1 equivalent to excess (saturated)) containing a sulfur source such as hydrogen sulfide, thioacetic acid or thiophosphoric acid is present in the reaction system and 2-thiocarbamoyl is added to the 2 ′ hydroxyl group. Refers to the reaction to obtain the corresponding 2'-O-modified nucleoside having an ethyl group.
双極子付加反応とは、ナトリウムアジドなどのアルカリアジドと塩化アンモニウム、トリメチルシリルアジドとジブチルスズオキシド、などを反応させて、2’水酸基にテトラゾール−5−イルエチル基を有する対応する2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得る反応や、2当量のアセチレンとコバルトセンなどの適当な触媒の存在および光照射のもとで、2’水酸基にピリジン−2−イルエチル基を有する対応する2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシドを得る反応などを指す。 The dipole addition reaction is a reaction of alkali azide such as sodium azide and ammonium chloride, trimethylsilyl azide and dibutyltin oxide, and the like, and the corresponding 2′-O-modified nucleoside having a tetrazol-5-ylethyl group at the 2 ′ hydroxyl group. And the corresponding 2′-O-modified nucleoside having a pyridin-2-ylethyl group at the 2 ′ hydroxyl group is obtained under the presence of a suitable catalyst such as acetylene and cobaltocene, and light irradiation. Refers to reaction.
〔実施例1〕 3’,5’−O−(1,1,3,3−テトライソプロピルジシロキサニリデン)−2’−O−(テトラゾール−5−イルエチル)−アデノシンの合成
3’,5’−O−(1,1,3,3−テトライソプロピルジシロキサニリデン)−2’−O−シアノエチルアデノシン(141mg,0.25mmol)をトルエン(1ml)に溶解させ、トリメチルシリルアジド(166μ, 1.25mmol)、ジブチルスズオキシド(12.4mg, 0.05mmol)を加えた後還流した。2日間還流させた後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン→クロロホルム:メタノール,v/v100:0→98:2)にて精製し表記化合物(134mg, 収率89%)を得た。
Example 1 Synthesis of 3 ′, 5′-O- (1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanilidene) -2′-O- (tetrazol-5-ylethyl) -adenosine 3 ′, 5 '-O- (1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanilidene) -2'-O-cyanoethyladenosine (141 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (1 ml) and trimethylsilyl azide (166 μ, 1 .25 mmol) and dibutyltin oxide (12.4 mg, 0.05 mmol) were added, followed by refluxing. After refluxing for 2 days, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane → chloroform: methanol, v / v 100: 0 → 98: 2) to obtain the title compound (134 mg, yield 89%).
1H−NMR(CDCL3, 500 MHz)δ0.94−1.14(28H, m), 1.24−1.33(1H, m), 3.33−3.43(2H, m), 4.04−4.09(3H, m), 4.21−4.25(2H,m), 4.31(1H, d, J=13.67), 4.38(1H, dt=4.15、 10.25), 4.68(1H, dd=4.88、 9.52),5.70(2H,br),6.10(1H, s),8.17(1H, s), 8.41(1H, s) 1H-NMR (CDCL3, 500 MHz) δ 0.94-1.14 (28H, m), 1.24-1.33 (1H, m), 3.33-3.43 (2H, m), 4. 04-4.09 (3H, m), 4.21-4.25 (2H, m), 4.31 (1H, d, J = 13.67), 4.38 (1H, dt = 4.15) 10.25), 4.68 (1H, dd = 4.88, 9.52), 5.70 (2H, br), 6.10 (1H, s), 8.17 (1H, s), 8.41 (1H, s)
〔実施例2〕 3’,5’−O−(1,1,3,3−テトライソプロピルジシロキサニリデン)−2’−O−(3−アミノプロピル)−アデノシンの合成
3’,5’−O−(1,1,3,3−テトライソプロピルジシロキサニリデン)−2’−O−シアノエチルアデノシン(562mg,1mmol)を酢酸エチル(5ml)に溶解させた。アルゴン雰囲気下、ラネーニッケル懸濁水溶液(10ml)を加え水素ガスで反応系を置換した。室温で24時間撹拌した後、セライト用いて減圧濾過を行った。熱メタノールでセライトを数回洗浄後、得られた溶液を減圧留去し得られた残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン:クロロホルム,v/v100:0→70:30→50:50→40:60)にて精製し表記化合物(31 mg, 収率5%)を得た。
Example 2 Synthesis of 3 ′, 5′-O- (1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanilidene) -2′-O- (3-aminopropyl) -adenosine 3 ′, 5 ′ -O- (1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanilidene) -2'-O-cyanoethyladenosine (562 mg, 1 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5 ml). Under an argon atmosphere, Raney nickel suspension (10 ml) was added and the reaction system was replaced with hydrogen gas. After stirring at room temperature for 24 hours, vacuum filtration was performed using Celite. Celite was washed several times with hot methanol, and the resulting solution was distilled off under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane: chloroform, v / v 100: 0 → 70: 30 → 50: 50 → 40: 60). To give the title compound (31 mg, yield 5%).
1H−NMR(CDCL3, 500 MHz)δ0.92−1.04(28H, m), 1.67−1.78(2H, m), 2.80(2H, t, J=6.35), 3.81−3.85(1H, m), 3.89−3.97(2H,m), 4.06−4.09(2H, m), 4.15(1H, d, J=13.4), 4.62(1H, dd, J=4.64, 9.28), 5.42(2H, br), 5.94(1H, s), 8.05(1H, s), 8.25(1H, s) 1H-NMR (CDCL3, 500 MHz) δ 0.92-1.04 (28H, m), 1.67-1.78 (2H, m), 2.80 (2H, t, J = 6.35), 3.81-3.85 (1H, m), 3.89-3.97 (2H, m), 4.06-4.09 (2H, m), 4.15 (1H, d, J = 13 .4), 4.62 (1H, dd, J = 4.64, 9.28), 5.42 (2H, br), 5.94 (1H, s), 8.05 (1H, s), 8.25 (1H, s)
Claims (4)
で表される2’−O−シアノエチルヌクレオシドを反応に付し、一般式(II):
2′-O-cyanoethyl nucleoside represented by the general formula (II):
で表される2’−O−修飾ヌクレオシド。 General formula (II '):
A 2′-O-modified nucleoside represented by
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