JP2006241168A - Weeding method with sodium hydrogen carbonate - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for weeding efficiently without contamination of environment, particularly provide a weeding method in which the next generation weed is undersized as their root is kept alive. <P>SOLUTION: An aqueous dispersion of sodium hydrogen carbonate is previously prepared so that the concentration of the carbonate may become less than 15 wt%. Then, the aqueous dispersion is blasted to weed from a blast nozzle of a high-pressure wet type blasting apparatus at a delivery pressure (gauge pressure) of 100 to 2,500 kgf/cm<SP>2</SP>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a weeding method for killing weeds while leaving roots by spraying an aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate to weeds, and hatching next-generation weeds, particularly rivers, roads, railroad tracks, airports, parks, The present invention relates to a method for weeding farms, golf courses and the like without adversely affecting the environment.

  Currently, there is a tendency to refrain from using herbicides in consideration of the impact on the environment, and weeding is done manually using a mower. However, rivers, roads, railroad tracks, airports, park green spaces, farms, golf courses and the like having a large area have a problem that weeding with a mower costs a great deal of cost. For example, even at an airport about the size of Haneda Airport, weeding costs can reach over 100 million yen per year. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can be weeded at low cost without causing environmental pollution.

  As a herbicidal method that does not use a herbicide other than a weeding method using a mower, a method of spraying seawater and weeding, a method of spraying sand, and the like are known. However, the method of spraying seawater instead of the herbicide has problems such as salt damage. Moreover, the method of spraying sand has a problem that weeding cannot be repeated over and over because the sand spread after weeding accumulates.

  Because it is necessary to prevent dust and other dust from being scattered at airports, it is required to leave weeds with a height of about 10 cm without completely weeding. For this reason, weeding is carried out with a grass mower remaining to a certain extent, but enormous costs are incurred for mowing a large area and processing the cut grass.

  Also, it is very dangerous to use a mower on the slope of the road, and the mower itself cannot be used because there is a risk of jumping stones on the railway track. Furthermore, the weeds on the slopes of these roads and railway tracks have the role of reinforcing the ground and allowing rainwater to flow downward without penetrating the ground, so it cannot be completely withered. Therefore, it is preferable to hatch weeds on the slope.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently weeding without adversely affecting the environment.

  As a result of diligent research in view of the above problems, the present inventor was able to withstand weeds without adversely affecting the environment at low cost by spreading an aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate on the weeds, and The inventors found that they could be hatched and came up with the present invention.

That is, in the first herbicidal method of the present invention, an aqueous dispersion is prepared in advance so that the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 15% by weight or less, and it is 100 to 2,500 kgf / cm ² from a blast nozzle of a high-pressure wet blasting apparatus. It is characterized by blasting on weeds with discharge pressure (gauge pressure).

The second weeding method of the present invention uses a high-pressure wet blasting device equipped with a pressure pump and a blast nozzle, transports water to the blast nozzle with the pressure pump, and mixes sodium bicarbonate powder per liter of water. Is characterized in that sodium bicarbonate powder is mixed in high-pressure water with the blast nozzle so as to be 100 to 500 g, and blasted onto weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 100 to 2,500 kgf / cm ² .

In the third weeding method of the present invention, an aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate having a concentration of 50 to 150 g / liter heated to 50 to 150 ° C. is discharged from a blast nozzle of a high-pressure wet blasting apparatus at a discharge pressure of 50 to 500 kgf / cm ² ( It is characterized by blasting on weeds with a gauge pressure.

The fourth weeding method of the present invention uses a high-pressure wet blasting apparatus equipped with a pressure pump and a blast nozzle, transports heated water of 50 to 150 ° C. to the blast nozzle with the pressure pump, and per liter of water. Mix sodium bicarbonate powder in high-pressure water heated with the blast nozzle so that the amount of sodium bicarbonate powder is 100-500 g and blast on weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 50-500 kgf / cm ^2. It is characterized by.

  In the second and fourth weeding methods, the average particle size of the baking soda powder is preferably 200 μm or more.

In any of the weeding methods, the amount of baking soda is preferably 0.00001 to 3.5 kg / m ² in terms of dry weight per unit area of the land where weeds grew. Moreover, it is preferable to spray sodium bicarbonate after weeding the weeds in advance.

  With the weeding method of the present invention, weeds can be killed and the next generation of weeds can be hatched. Baking soda is low-cost, water-soluble and has very little impact on the environment.

[A] Baking Soda The baking soda used in the present invention is not limited to pure sodium bicarbonate, but also includes those containing impurities that do not adversely affect the environment. Sodium bicarbonate powder is commercially available. For example, the following commercially available products (trade name “ARMEX”, Church & Dwight Co., Inc.) can be used.

  Baking soda is not only low-cost but also water-soluble, and even a saturated aqueous solution is almost neutral at pH 8.2, so it hardly affects the soil quality. After weeding, it almost runs away with rain. Thus, if we use harmless and low-cost baking soda, weeds are weeded, leaving roots in the soil. Although weeds grow again, the action of baking soda makes the plant height lower than that of untreated weeds, resulting in a reduction in the number of mowing operations. Such a weeding method is suitable for the treatment of weeds such as rivers, roads, railroad tracks, airports, parks, farms, and golf courses. In particular, since weeding can be performed while leaving the plant height to some extent, it is suitable for high mowing weeding work at airports and the like.

[B] Weeding method
(1) Room temperature and high water pressure blasting method Room temperature and high water pressure blasting method uses weeding force, pulsation pressure, wedge effect, cavitation phenomenon, etc. to damage or cut weed leaves and stems. Is the method. By the normal temperature high water pressure blasting method, the treated weeds will turn yellow or black and die on the next day of spraying. Baking soda has a hatching effect on next-generation weeds, so the weed plant height can be kept low by blasting an aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate to weeds 3-5 times a year.

  The normal temperature high water pressure blasting method includes (i) a method in which an aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate is prepared in advance and sprayed from a blast nozzle of a high pressure wet blasting device, and (ii) water is transported to the blast nozzle by a pressure pump. There is a method in which sodium bicarbonate powder is mixed into high-pressure water with a blast nozzle and a mixture of sodium bicarbonate powder and water is sprayed.

Method (i) The concentration of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion prepared in advance is 15% by weight or less, preferably 9% by weight or less. Even if it exceeds 15% by weight, the improvement of the effect cannot be obtained.

By blasting the aqueous dispersion of the above concentration onto the weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 100 to 2,500 kgf / cm ² , the leaves and stems of the weeds can be damaged or cut. If the discharge pressure is less than 100 kgf / cm ² , the weeding effect is too small, and if it exceeds 2500 kgf / cm ² , the load on the blasting device is too large. A particularly preferable discharge pressure (gauge pressure) is 200 to 1,500 kgf / cm ² . In addition, since the pressure when the aqueous dispersion discharged from the nozzle collides with the weeds is significantly reduced, the ground itself is not damaged.

The discharge rate of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion is preferably 5 to 1000 liters / minute, more preferably 15 to 500 liters / minute. The discharge time depends on the conditions, but generally it is preferably 5 to 20 seconds / m ² .

  In order to increase the weeding efficiency, it is preferable to use a rotary nozzle as the blast nozzle. Examples of the rotary nozzle include a rotary nozzle having two orifices and an eccentric rotary nozzle having a large number of small-diameter nozzle tips.

Method (ii) This method uses a high-pressure wet blasting device equipped with a pressure pump and a blast nozzle, transports water to the blast nozzle with the pressure pump, and mixes sodium bicarbonate powder into the high-pressure water with the blast nozzle. It is a method of spraying. The conditions such as the pressure and discharge amount of the mixture of sodium bicarbonate powder / water to be injected are the same as those in the above-mentioned method (i), and thus the description thereof is omitted here.

  Although the baking soda powder added with a blast nozzle is not limited, granular baking soda powder is particularly preferable. In particular, when baking soda powder having an average particle size of 200 μm or more is used, the baking soda powder added by the blast nozzle does not completely dissolve in water, but partially collides with the weeds in a solid state, so that the herbicidal efficiency is high.

  The amount of sodium bicarbonate powder added is preferably 100 to 500 g per liter of water. When the amount of sodium bicarbonate powder is less than 100 g / L, the herbicidal effect and the hatching of the next generation of weeds are insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 g / L, the soil becomes so alkaline that it may cause the weed roots to die. A more preferable amount of sodium bicarbonate powder is 200 to 300 g per liter of water.

(2) Steam blasting method Steam blasting method uses the destructive force (impact force, pulsation pressure, wedge effect, cavitation phenomenon, etc.) of heated water in addition to the weeding action of baking soda to damage weed leaves and stems. It is a method of cutting and tearing. Moreover, since the density | concentration of the aqueous dispersion of baking soda can be raised by setting the temperature of an aqueous dispersion to 50-150 degreeC, the effect which dies out weed compared with the normal temperature high-pressure blasting method is large. The day after the treatment by the steam blast method, the weeds turn yellow or black and die.

  In the steam blasting method, (i) a method of preparing an aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate heated to 50 to 150 ° C and injecting it, and (ii) transporting heated water of 50 to 150 ° C to a blast nozzle with a pressure pump In addition, there is a method in which baking soda powder is mixed into heated high pressure water with a blast nozzle and the resulting mixture is sprayed. The same blast nozzle can be used as described above.

Method (i) The temperature of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion is 50 to 150 ° C. The effect of damaging the leaves and stems of weeds is improved by heating to 50 to 150 ° C. In particular, the temperature of the aqueous dispersion is preferably 65 ° C. or higher.

  The concentration of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion is 50 to 150 g / L, preferably 100 to 150 g / L. If the concentration is less than 50 g / L, the weeds' hatching action is insufficient, and if it exceeds 150 g / L, the herbicidal action corresponding to that cannot be improved.

An aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate at 50 to 150 ° C. is sprayed on weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 50 to 500 kgf / cm ^{2 at} the above concentration. When the discharge pressure of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion is less than 50 kgf / cm ² , the effect of damaging the leaves and stems of weeds is insufficient. Moreover, even if it exceeds 500 kgf / cm ^2, no improvement in herbicidal action can be obtained. A preferable discharge pressure is 100 to 300 kgf / cm ² , particularly preferably 150 to 300 kgf / cm ² .

The discharge rate of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion is preferably 10 to 100 liters / minute, more preferably 30 to 70 liters / minute. The discharge time of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate dispersion varies depending on the blasting conditions, but is generally preferably 5 to 20 seconds / m ² .

Method (ii) This method uses water heated to 50 to 150 ° C. as pressurized water, and uses room temperature high water pressure except that the discharge pressure (gauge pressure) is 50 to 500 kgf / cm ^2. Same as blast method. The significance of the pressurizing effect of the pressurized water and the discharge pressure is as described above.

  In addition, when the various blasting methods are used in combination, a more excellent herbicidal effect can be obtained. For example, when weeds are first killed and hatched to some extent by powder blasting, normal temperature high water pressure blasting and steam blasting are performed several times a year to maintain weed hatching.

[C] Application amount The amount of sodium bicarbonate sprayed at a time is preferably 0.00001 to 3.5 kg / m ² , more preferably 0.2 to 3.5 kg / m ² in terms of dry weight of sodium bicarbonate. A moderate herbicidal effect can be obtained with an amount of sodium bicarbonate within this range. The frequency of baking soda varies depending on the amount of baking soda sprayed at one time and the type of weeds to be weeded, as well as climatic conditions such as temperature, sunshine, and humidity. Then, it may be about once every two to four months. Moreover, since the hatching of weeds is fixed after the second year, it may be sprayed about 2-3 times a year.

  By baking soda spray, weeds turn yellow or black and die. For example, in the case of Toxaceae weeds, legume weeds and broadleaf weeds, after spraying, it begins to die in 1-2 days in summer and 4-5 days in autumn. For grass weeds other than turf, once spraying once a week for 2-3 weeks, it begins to wither.

D , Grass weeds such as chigaya, kaya, juzudama, nobie, enokorogusa, barnyard beetle, hoshibashi, susuki, etc., and cyprinaceae weeds such as hamasge, cyper, numagatatsuri.

  The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Reference example 1
The following field weeding was carried out in late October for mixed cedar and dandelion (average plant height of about 20 cm) and shiba (average plant height of about 10 cm) growing in a test area of 0.5 m ² each in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture A test was conducted. In this example, a commercially available baking soda powder [composite formula (particle size: 100 μm), manufactured by Church & Dwight Co., Inc.] and a container having a small hole with a diameter of 1 mm on the bottom wall (volume: 200 cm ³⁾ ) And sprayed by a method of natural dropping from a small hole.
First, a mixture of horsetail and dandelion and watering were applied to shiba, and then sodium bicarbonate powders of 10 mg / m ² , 20 mg / m ² , 30 mg / m ² and 40 mg / m ² were sprayed uniformly. Two to three days after the spraying day, a part of the mixture of horsetail and dandelion turned black, and a part of the shiba turned yellow and began to wither. Nine days after spraying, the weed mortality was measured by visual observation, and the weed mortality was determined with 100% as the mixture of cedar and dandelion and all the wrinkles withered. The results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the weed death rate increased as the amount of the baking soda powder increased, and the herbicidal effect became remarkable especially at 30 mg / m ² or more.

Reference example 2
In late October, a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution was applied to a mixture of horsetail and dandelions (average plant height of about 20 cm) and shiba (average plant height of about 10 cm) growing in a test area of 0.5 m ² each in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. A field weeding test was conducted using a watering can.

A sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution having a concentration of 2.5% by weight, 5.0% by weight, 8.0% by weight, and 10.0% by weight, respectively, was sprayed uniformly on a mixture of sugina and dandelion and shiba at 400 mL / m ² . Two to three days after spraying, a part of the mixture of horsetail and dandelion turned black, and a part of shiba began to turn yellow and wither. The weed death rate 9 days after spraying was determined visually and expressed as a percentage, assuming that it was completely dead. The results are shown in Table 3.

  As is apparent from Table 3, the weed death rate increased as the concentration of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution increased, and the herbicidal effect became remarkable particularly at 8.0% by weight or more.

Reference example 3
From late July to early November for the mixture of horsetail and dandelion (average plant height of about 5 cm) and chigaya (average plant height of about 5 cm) growing in a test area of 0.5 m ² each in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture Field weeding tests were conducted. Table 4 shows the mixed area of horsetail and dandelion and the area ratio where Chigaya covers the test site. The weed area ratio was defined as 100% when weeds were thick enough to hide the background. A saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was sprayed on each test site with a watering can at 400 ml / m ² , and then sprayed in the same manner after 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. 26 days after the start of spraying, weed area ratio and average plant height were measured visually. After 54 days from the start of spraying, the entire grass was cut, and then weeds were left without spraying the aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The weed area ratio and average plant height were measured visually after 64 days, 67 days, 73 days, 78 days, 86 days, 91 days, and 95 days after the start of spraying. For comparison, the weed area ratio and the average plant height were measured in the same manner for the mixed cedar and dandelion and chigaya that were not sprayed with the aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The results are shown in Table 4.

  It can be seen from Table 4 that not only weeds generated by spraying the aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution can be removed, but also the next generation weeds can be prevented from budding and hatched.

Reference example 4
Using baking soda powder [composite formula (particle size: 100μm), manufactured by Church & Dwight Co., Inc.] and filling a container (volume 200 cm ³ ) with a small hole with a diameter of 1 mm on the bottom wall, A field weeding test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a method of allowing natural fall from a small hole was adopted and the amount of spraying at one time was 33 mg / m ² . The results are shown in Table 5.

  As can be seen from Table 5, by spraying the baking soda powder, not only weeds can be removed, but also the next generation weeds can be prevented from budding and hatched.

Reference Example 5
A blasting device (Accustrip System 11sx), Church & Dwight Co on July 26 against weeds (mainly consisting of Shiva, Mugwort, and Sugina) that grow on the side of the road in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. , Inc.) under the conditions shown in Table 6, a field herbicidal test was conducted by a dry powder blasting method in which baking soda powder was ejected from one spray nozzle.

注：^＊ノズルから吐出するときの圧力。

Note: ^* Pressure when discharging from the nozzle.

  On the next day after the treatment, the treated part of the barn turned yellow, and the mugwort and horsetail turned black and withered.

Reference Example 6
On July 13, blasting equipment (Accustrip System 11sx, Church & Dwight) against weeds (mainly consisting of mugwort, kaya, and smelt) grown on the side of the road in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. Co., Inc.) under the conditions shown in Table 7, field weeding tests were conducted using a wet type powder blasting method in which sodium bicarbonate powder was ejected from one spray nozzle and water was sprayed from another nozzle. It was.

注：^＊ノズルから吐出するときの圧力。

Note: ^* Pressure when discharging from the nozzle.

  On the next day after the treatment, the treated part of the kaya turned yellow, and the mugwort and the smelt were blackened and withered.

注：^＊ノズルから吐出するときの圧力。 Reference Example 7
A blasting device (Accustrip System 11sx, Church & Dwight) on July 26 against weeds (mainly consisting of Kaya, Juzdama, Seitaka Awadachisou) with an average plant height of about 60 cm in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture Co., Inc.) under the conditions shown in Table 8, field weeding tests were conducted using a wet type powder blasting method in which sodium bicarbonate powder was ejected from one injection nozzle and water was sprayed from another nozzle. It was.

Note: ^* Pressure when discharging from the nozzle.

On the next day after the treatment, kaya and juzudama were yellowed, and black-spotted blackberry was withered and withered.

Reference Example 8
Immediately after weaving weeds (mainly consisting of Juzudama, Kuz, Kaya, Seitaka Awadachisou) growing on the side of the road in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture to an average plant height of about 60 cm on July 1, (Accumstrip System 12sx, manufactured by Church & Dwight Co., Inc.) Wet type that sprays sodium bicarbonate powder from one spray nozzle and sprays water from another nozzle under the conditions shown in Table 9 The field weed test was conducted by the powder blasting method.

注：^＊ノズルから吐出するときの圧力。

Note: ^* Pressure when discharging from the nozzle.

  On the next day after the treatment, Juzdama and Kaya of the treated part turned yellow, and Kuzu and Seika Awadachiso blackished and withered.

Reference Example 9
A blasting device ("Jetman FCPS-1030", Zao) on July 1 against weeds (mainly consisting of kaya, juzudama, kuzu, and smelt) grown on the roadside in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. A field weeding test was carried out by a normal temperature high water pressure blasting method under the conditions shown in Table 10 using Sangyo Co., Ltd.

注：^＊ノズルから吐出するときの圧力。

Note: ^* Pressure when discharging from the nozzle.

On the next day after the treatment, Juzdama and Kaya of the treated part turned yellow, and Kuzu and Seika Awadachiso blackished and withered.

Example 1
A blasting device ("Jetman FCPS-1030", Zao Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used on July 1 against weeds (mainly consisting of Kuzu, Yabukarashi, Kaya, and Juzudama) that grow on the side of the road in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. Under the conditions shown in Table 11, a field herbicidal test was conducted by a normal temperature high water pressure blasting method in which sodium bicarbonate powder was mixed into high pressure water with a blast nozzle.

  On the next day after the treatment, Juzdama and Kaya were yellowed, and Kuzu and Yabukara were blackened and withered.

Reference Example 10
A blasting device ("Jetman FCPS-1030" (with hot box) was introduced on July 1 against weeds (mainly consisting of Kuzu, Yabukarashi and Seitaka Awadachiso) that grow on the side of the road in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. ) And Zao Sangyo Co., Ltd.) were used for field weeding tests by the steam blast method under the conditions shown in Table 12.

  On the next day after the treatment, the treated weeds turned black and withered.

Example 2
A blasting device ("Jetman FCPS-1030" (with hot box) was introduced on July 1 against weeds (mainly consisting of Kuzu, Yabukarashi and Seitaka Awadachiso) that grow on the side of the road in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. ), Zao Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and a field weeding test was conducted by a steam blasting method in which baking soda powder was mixed into heated high pressure water with a blast nozzle under the conditions shown in Table 13.

  On the next day after the treatment, the treated weeds turned black and withered.

Claims (8)

Prepare an aqueous dispersion in advance so that the concentration of baking soda is 15% by weight or less, and blast it into weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 100 to 2,500 kgf / cm ² from the blast nozzle of a high-pressure wet blasting device. Weeding method characterized by. Using a high-pressure wet blasting device equipped with a pressure pump and a blast nozzle, water is transported to the blast nozzle with the pressure pump, so that the amount of sodium bicarbonate powder per liter of water is 100 to 500 g. A weeding method comprising mixing sodium bicarbonate powder in high pressure water with a blast nozzle and blasting the weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 100 to 2,500 kgf / cm ² .   The weeding method according to claim 2, wherein an average particle size of the baking soda powder is 200 µm or more. An aqueous dispersion of sodium bicarbonate having a concentration of 50 to 150 g / liter heated to 50 to 150 ° C. is blasted onto weeds with a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 50 to 500 kgf / cm ² from a blast nozzle of a high-pressure wet blasting device. A characteristic weeding method. Using a high-pressure wet blasting device equipped with a pressure pump and a blast nozzle, heated water at 50 to 150 ° C. is transported to the blast nozzle with the pressure pump, and the amount of sodium bicarbonate powder per liter of water is 100 to 500 A weeding method comprising mixing sodium bicarbonate powder into high-pressure water heated with the blast nozzle so as to be g, and blasting into weeds at a discharge pressure (gauge pressure) of 50 to 500 kgf / cm ² .   6. The weeding method according to claim 5, wherein an average particle size of the baking soda powder is 200 μm or more. The weeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the amount of sodium bicarbonate sprayed is 0.00001 to 3.5 kg / m ² in terms of dry weight per unit area of the land where weeds grew. The weeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein baking soda is sprayed after the weeds are trimmed in advance.