JP2006226963A - Method and instrument for measuring orientation of sheet, and method and device for determining authenticity of sheet - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an instrument for measuring the orientation of a sheet, and a method and a device for discriminating the authenticity of the sheet, capable of determining the authenticity of the sheet by measuring the orientation of the sheet. <P>SOLUTION: A relative angle of a detection means and the sheet is changed a plurality of times to bring about different angles, around a rotary axis perpendicular to a sheet face of the sheet mounted on a leakage hole of the detection means, to measure respective detection voltages, using the detection means having a means of emitting electromagnetic waves from an electromagnetic wave transmission part into a waveguide to be transmitted, and a means of leaking the electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, after the emitted electromagnetic waves have propagated through the waveguide, and for receiving by an electromagnetic wave receiving part a change in the amplitude and/or the phase of the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide, varied in response to a characteristic of a material constituting the sheet, when the electromagnetic field passes through the sheet of a measured object arranged facing the leakage hole, and the orientation of the sheet is found, by obtaining the anisotropy of a relative dielectric constant or conductivity, based on the respective detection voltages obtained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a sheet orientation measuring method and orientation measuring apparatus, and a sheet authenticity determining method and authenticity determining apparatus. In the present invention, the sheet as the object to be measured includes a substrate printed with printing ink or the like, a vapor-deposited or plated one, a pasted one, a coated one, etc. , Film, plastic, metal and so on.

  In recent years, a technique for determining forgery of valuable printed matter such as securities and cards has been required, and various techniques for checking the authenticity of such valuable printed matter have been proposed.

Conventionally, in order to produce high-quality paper, the paper quality and fiber orientation characteristics of the paper are measured at the paper production stage. As a conventional method for measuring fiber orientation, there is a method of irradiating light perpendicularly to a paper from a projector and measuring the fiber orientation characteristics at a plurality of locations on a rotating orbit (see, for example, Patent Document 1) ).

However, when the printed printed materials and card base materials are measured using the measuring device of Patent Document 1, since the device is an optical system that projects and receives light, printed materials and cards Because of the reflection and absorption of light caused by the printing ink on the surface, accurate measurement was difficult.

In addition, there is a method of measuring the dielectric constant and orientation based on the phenomenon that the resonance frequency shifts when the object to be measured is brought close to the dielectric resonator (for example, see Patent Document 2). However, since this measurement method is a method in which the side surface of the dielectric resonator built in the apparatus faces the object to be measured, a wide measurement area is required according to the size of the dielectric. Therefore, it could not be used for printed matter having a small outer shape.

JP 2002-212891 A JP 2000-162158 A

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and is a fiber such as vegetable fiber, carbon fiber, metal fiber, magnetic fiber made of metal / alloy, or sheet, which is a material of sheets such as securities, cards, etc. To provide a sheet orientation measurement method and an orientation measurement apparatus that can more stably measure the orientation of printing inks and coatings containing pigments, metal powders, etc. in the form of needles applied to the surface. It is intended.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a sheet orientation measurement method and an orientation measurement apparatus that enable stable measurement without requiring a large measurement area even for printed matter having a small external dimension.

Furthermore, by measuring the orientation of the sheet of the present invention, even if light reflection or absorption occurs due to printing ink on the surface of printed matter or cards, orientation measurement is performed to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit products. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sheet authenticity determination method and authenticity determination apparatus that are made possible.

The sheet orientation measurement method of the present invention utilizes the fact that the electromagnetic wave due to the waveguide that measures the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet, the orientation of the material constituting the sheet, A method for measuring the orientation of a sheet for determining the orientation of a material constituting the sheet, wherein the waveguide has at least one leakage hole, and an electromagnetic wave is emitted from an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit that emits an electromagnetic wave into the waveguide. The transmitted electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet that is an object to be measured disposed opposite to the leakage hole. When using a detection means for receiving a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet, Waveguide of the detection means The relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed a plurality of times so that the rotation axis is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the sheet, and the electromagnetic wave receiving unit respectively The orientation of the sheet is obtained by measuring the detected voltage of the sheet and obtaining anisotropy of relative dielectric constant or conductivity based on each of the obtained detected voltages.

The sheet orientation measurement apparatus of the present invention utilizes the fact that the electromagnetic waves generated by the waveguide that measures the leakage electromagnetic field depend on the characteristics of the material that constitutes the sheet. An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet for determining the orientation of a material constituting the sheet, the waveguide having at least one leakage hole, and an electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting an electromagnetic wave in the waveguide When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet that is a measurement object arranged facing the leakage hole, A detecting means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving section for receiving a change in amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide, which changes in accordance with the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet; On top of the wave tube leak hole With the axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the placed sheet as the rotation axis, the relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed a plurality of times so as to have different angles, and each detection voltage is measured, and each of the obtained It is characterized in that the relative dielectric constant or the anisotropy of conductivity is obtained based on the detected voltage.

The sheet orientation measurement apparatus of the present invention utilizes the fact that the electromagnetic waves generated by the waveguide that measures the leakage electromagnetic field depend on the characteristics of the material that constitutes the sheet. An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet for determining the orientation of a material constituting the sheet, the waveguide having at least one leakage hole, and an electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting an electromagnetic wave in the waveguide When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet that is a measurement object arranged facing the leakage hole, A plurality of detection means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the material characteristics of the sheet; and the plurality of detection means Of the waveguide As the rotation axis an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheets placed on the Moana, characterized in that it is arranged in different angles.

In the sheet orientation measuring apparatus, the waveguides of the detecting means are coupled so as to share a predetermined space, and the leakage holes are provided at the same position.

The sheet orientation measurement apparatus of the present invention utilizes the fact that the electromagnetic waves generated by the waveguide that measures the leakage electromagnetic field depend on the characteristics of the material that constitutes the sheet. An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet for determining the orientation of a material constituting the sheet, the waveguide having at least one leakage hole, and an electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting an electromagnetic wave in the waveguide When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet that is a measurement object arranged facing the leakage hole, A plurality of detection means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the material characteristics of the sheet; and the plurality of detection means Of the waveguide Each of the leakage holes each other across the mounting sheets on the Moana is characterized in that it is arranged to three-dimensionally intersect.

The authenticity determination method of the sheet of the present invention utilizes the orientation of the material composing the sheet by using the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide that measures the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. An authenticity determination method for determining authenticity of a sheet by determining the orientation of a material constituting the sheet, the waveguide having at least one leakage hole, and an electromagnetic wave in the waveguide An electromagnetic wave is transmitted from an electromagnetic wave transmission unit that irradiates the electromagnetic wave, and the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide to leak an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field is disposed to face the leakage hole. The voltage detected by the electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives the change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet when passing through the sheet to be measured. Using detection means to receive The relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed several times so that the rotation axis is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide of the detection means so as to be different angles. , Measuring each detection voltage by the electromagnetic wave receiving unit, obtaining anisotropy of relative dielectric constant or conductivity based on each of the obtained detection voltage, of the relative dielectric constant or conductivity obtained The authenticity is determined by comparing the anisotropy with the relative dielectric constant or the anisotropy of the electrical conductivity of the reference sheet measured in advance.

The sheet authenticity determination device of the present invention utilizes the orientation of the material constituting the sheet by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide that measures the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet. A sheet authenticity determination device for determining the authenticity of a sheet by determining the orientation of a material constituting the sheet, the waveguide having at least one leakage hole, and the waveguide An electromagnetic wave transmission unit configured to irradiate and transmit electromagnetic waves; and the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide to leak an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field is disposed to face the leakage hole. When passing through a sheet as a measurement object, a detection voltage is detected by an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet. A detecting means, wherein the detecting means Each detection is performed by changing the relative angle between the detection means and the sheet a plurality of times so that the rotation axis is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide. Means for measuring the voltage and obtaining anisotropy of relative permittivity or conductivity based on each of the obtained detection voltages, and measuring the obtained relative permittivity or anisotropy of conductivity in advance And a true / false discriminating means for discriminating the authenticity of the sheet by comparing with the relative dielectric constant or the anisotropy of the conductivity of the standard sheet.

In the present invention, a leakage hole that leaks at least one electromagnetic wave is arranged on the wall surface of the waveguide that is a detection means, an electromagnetic field is leaked from the leakage hole, and a sheet is placed in the leakage hole to detect the detection voltage. By measuring, stable orientation measurement is possible.

In addition, stable measurement is possible without requiring a large measurement area.

In addition, even when printing is performed on the surface of printed matter or cards, orientation measurement can be performed without being affected by reflection and absorption of light, so it is possible to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit products It becomes possible.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Description of principle)
The principle of measuring the orientation of a sheet by a leakage electromagnetic field will be described with reference to the drawings. The electromagnetic wave described in this embodiment refers to an electromagnetic wave having a frequency exceeding 3 kHz specified by the Radio Law and not exceeding 30 THz. For example, a microwave having a frequency in the range of 1 GHz to 300 GHz is preferable.

In FIG. 1 (a), a leakage hole 2 for leaking electromagnetic waves 1 is arranged on the upper wall surface of the waveguide 3, and the electromagnetic waves 1 are irradiated into the waveguide 3 from the electromagnetic wave oscillation source to guide the wave. The TE10 mode electromagnetic wave distribution is obtained in the tube.

FIG. 1B shows the electric field distribution 5 in the waveguide and leakage, and FIG. 1C shows the magnetic field distribution 6 in the waveguide and leakage. Both the electric field distribution 5 and the magnetic field distribution 6 have directionality in the vector direction 20.

FIG. 1D shows a state in which the sheet 4 for measurement faces the leakage hole 2 and is guided by the orientation characteristics of the sheet 4 when the leakage electromagnetic field in the vector direction 20 is transmitted through the sheet 4. The orientation of the sheet 4 is detected based on the principle that the magnetic field distribution 5 and the electric field distribution 6 in the tube change.

In addition, when the material of the sheet 4 is paper or resin, a change is made in the waveguide mainly by the relative dielectric constant of the material, and when the material is a metal thin film or the like, mainly by the conductivity of the material. is there.

The measurement sheet 4 disposed to face the leak hole 2 may be in contact with the waveguide provided with the leak hole 2 or may be non-contact.

FIG. 1E shows a state in which the waveguide 3 having the leak hole 2 is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface. When the relative angle between the waveguide 3 and the sheet 4 is rotated to change the angle and measurement is performed a plurality of times, if the sheet 4 has orientation, a constant change is obtained in the relationship between the angle and the detected voltage value. Therefore, the orientation is detected.

(Explanation of the device)
Next, the feature point regarding the orientation measuring apparatus of this invention is demonstrated using figures.
The principle of the device of this embodiment is that a voltage standing wave (a distribution of voltage amplitude generated by overlapping an incident wave and a reflected wave in the waveguide) is generated inside the waveguide, and a part of the voltage is released from the leak hole. The sheet is measured by leaking.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the detection means which is the basis of the apparatus of the present embodiment. Microwave transmission unit 11 composed of transmission antenna 7 and transmission diode 8 such as a Gunn diode, microwave reception unit 12 composed of reception antenna 9 and reception diode 10 such as a Schottky diode, and a leak hole on the upper wall surface 2 shows a detection means constituted by a waveguide 3 provided with 2 and a reflection plate 14 (metal plate shape) that reflects the power of microwaves and adjusts the state of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide.

When the TE10 mode electromagnetic wave is irradiated from the transmitting diode 8 through the transmitting antenna 7 into the waveguide, the end portion of the waveguide is terminated by the reflecting plate 14, so that all of the electromagnetic wave 1 is reflected by the reflecting plate 14. Thus, a large standing wave 21 is obtained inside the waveguide. When a part of the electromagnetic field leaks to the outside from the leak hole 2 and a measurement sheet is placed on the leak hole 2, the electromagnetic field passes through the sheet 4 as shown in FIG. The amplitude or phase of the standing wave 21 in the waveguide changes depending on the material characteristics, and this is detected by the receiving diode 10 via the receiving antenna 9 so that the detection level of the sheet 4 can be measured.

In adjusting the apparatus, the positions of the leakage hole 2 and the reflection plate 14 are arranged with respect to the microwave transmission unit 11 so that the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide can be most leaked from the leakage hole 2.

The best mode for carrying out this embodiment will be described below. In each of the embodiments, the case where two detection units are used is described. However, the number of detection units is not limited to two, and the angle is set so that the leakage holes are on the same line in the sheet moving direction. A plurality of them may be arranged by changing. Further, in this embodiment, in the case as shown in FIG. 3, the same line is scanned, so that the sheet is conveyed, and in the cases as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the leak hole is shared. Therefore, both stationary and conveyance are possible, but when a plurality of detection means are arranged on the line, measurement is carried out in either case.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which the orientation is measured by using two detection means and arranging the detection means and the sheet at different relative angles. FIG. 3A shows an overview in which the electromagnetic wave 1 is irradiated to the two waveguides 3 using the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16, and FIG. 3B shows a side view thereof. .
The arrangement of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 is such that both the leakage holes 2 are on the same line in the sheet moving direction, and the relative angle between the two detection means is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface. An embodiment is shown in which the rotary shaft is disposed at an angle of 90 degrees.

In the measurement, the sheet is moved linearly, and the orientation is measured by two detection means. The feature of this form is not to recognize the orientation by changing the angle of the detection means with the axis perpendicular to the sheet surface as the rotation axis using one detection means, but the two detection means are fixed. In addition, since the sheet moves relatively linearly, the two detection units can scan the same line on the sheet, so that there is an advantage that the two measurement position shifts are small.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which orientation measurement is realized by a method different from that in FIG.
FIG. 4A shows an overview, and FIG. 4B shows a side view thereof.
The first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are combined to form the interior of the two waveguides 3 as one space, and the integrated detection means 17 having a structure in which one leak hole 2 is shared. One form is shown. The feature of this form is that not only can the same line of the sheet on which the two detection means move be scanned, but also the waveguide including the leak hole 2 is shared, so that the orientation measurement of the same point of the sheet can be performed even in a stationary state. There is an advantage.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which orientation measurement is realized by a method different from that in FIGS.
FIG. 5A shows an overview diagram showing a state in which the electromagnetic wave 1 is irradiated to the two waveguides 3 using the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16, and FIG. A side view is shown. The first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are arranged so that the leakage holes are three-dimensionally crossed with the sheets to be measured interposed therebetween, and the relative angle between the two detection means is the sheet. An embodiment is shown in which an axis perpendicular to the surface is set as a rotation axis so as to form an angle of 90 degrees. The feature of this form is that not only can the same line of the sheet on which the two detection means move be scanned, but also because the two detection means are objects with the sheet in between, the orientation measurement at the same point can be performed even in a stationary state. There is an advantage.

In the adjustment of the apparatus, the positions of the leakage hole 2 and the reflector 14 were determined with respect to the electromagnetic wave transmission unit 11 so that the electromagnetic wave 1 in the waveguide could be most leaked from the leakage hole 2.

The waveguide 3 conforms to WR-42 of EIA standard (Electronic Industries Alliance), and any material can be used as long as it has good conductivity and low cost. In this embodiment, brass is used, but a metal such as iron or a plastic material may be used for weight reduction. In any material, a material subjected to silver plating or gold plating in order to enhance the surface conductivity is preferable.

The reflection plate 14 may be made of any material as long as it is a metal plate having high conductivity.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the microwave module 25 used for speed measurement or the like is used as a main part. This microwave module 25 includes a microwave transmission unit 11 constituted by a transmission diode 8 and a transmission antenna 7 in a rectangular waveguide WR42 type, a microwave reception unit 12 constituted by a reception diode 10 and a reception antenna 9, and The unit is capable of transmitting and receiving 24.15 GHz electromagnetic waves in the TE10 mode. In the present embodiment, the microwave module 25 is used. However, a precision that is assembled using a waveguide component such as a magnetron instead of the transmission diode 8 and a microwave probe instead of the reception diode 10 is used. It may be replaced with a simple circuit configuration.

In addition, examples to which the present invention can be preferably applied are shown below. However, with respect to the frequency of electromagnetic waves, the mode of electromagnetic waves, leakage holes (size, shape, number, position, etc.), the embodiments of the present invention are based on these examples. It is not limited.

6 and 7 show examples that can be taken by the orientation measuring apparatus using a leakage electromagnetic field. The orientation of the sheet is measured using this orientation measuring device, and the authenticity of the sheet can be determined by the detected voltage measured.

In this example, the sheet as the measurement object includes a substrate printed with printing ink or the like, a vapor-deposited or plated one, a pasted one, or a coated one. The base material includes paper, film, plastic, metal and the like.
Also, depending on whether or not the base material is non-oriented, whether or not the material printed, vapor-deposited, plated, stuck and applied on the base material is non-oriented, the base material and the material on the base material By this combination, the orientation of the measurement object is confirmed.

Table 1 shows three examples of layer configurations that can be used as judgment criteria for authenticity determination in this embodiment.
One is a substrate printed with printing ink on the substrate. When the substrate is paper, the printing ink level is ignored in the orientation measurement because the printing ink level is lower than the substrate level. The The second is an object coated on a base material. When the base material is a film, the base material becomes a reference level, and an object coated on the base is the object to be measured. Or both a base material and the thing on a base material become a measuring object. The third is the deposited material, and if the substrate is plastic, the level of deposition is much higher than the level of the substrate, so the substrate can be ignored.

As described above, in the layer configuration, the orientation is measured with the waveform of the detection voltage for the base material, the material on the base material, or both the base material and the object on the base material, and measured and recorded in advance. By comparing with the true data recorded in the section, true / false discrimination can be performed. Although the measurable thickness depends on the material, it can be measured through a thickness of about 0 to 3 mm (up to a thickness corresponding to about 30 sheets) for paper and film.

Example 1
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the first embodiment. As an example of an orientation measuring apparatus having a plurality of detecting means, an orientation measuring apparatus provided with two first detecting means 15 and second detecting means 16 is shown. It is one form. This embodiment is an apparatus that has a transport device and measures the orientation by high-speed processing by relatively moving the orientation measuring device and the object to be measured.

FIG. 6A shows the arrangement of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16. Regarding the design, both leakage holes 2 are designed so that the same line on the sheet can be scanned when the sheet is moved, and the interval between the two leakage holes is 48 mm in the sheet flow direction. The relative angle between the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 was arranged to be an angle of 90 degrees with the axis perpendicular to the sheet surface as the rotation axis.
Further, the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 have the same structure and are constituted by the microwave module 25, the waveguide 3, the leakage hole 2, and the reflection plate 14, and the adjustment of the apparatus is performed by adjusting the leakage hole 2 to the diameter. As a 2 mm round hole, it is arranged at a position 28 mm from the end of each waveguide 3 on the microwave module 25 side, and a reflector is arranged at a position 80 mm from the left end. The electromagnetic field could be leaked.

FIG. 6B shows the orientation measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment. The first detection unit 15, the second detection unit 16, the first amplification unit 18, the second amplification unit 19, the position detector 22, and arithmetic processing are shown. The unit 20, the display unit 21, and the transport device 23 are configured.
The first amplifying unit 18 and the second amplifying unit 19 having a structure capable of performing zero adjustment and gain adjustment obtain the respective detection voltages of the first detection unit 15 and the second detection unit 16 to perform amplification, and a position detector 22 is equipped with a rotary encoder or the like for detecting the position of the sheet 4 on the conveying device 23, and the arithmetic processing unit 20 detects the arrival of the sheet when the position detector 22 detects the arrival of the sheet. The detection voltage of the second detection means 16 is calculated, compared, and stored, and the display unit 21 displays the numerical value of the orientation as the calculation result.

Regarding the calculation of the arithmetic processing unit 20, the position of the leakage hole of the first detection unit 15 and the position of the leakage hole of the second detection unit 16 are shifted by 48 mm in the sheet moving direction. The arithmetic processing unit 20 corrects the positions of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 and compares the detection voltages. The position detector 22 detects the distance traveled by the conveyor belt using a rotary encoder, but may use a method of directly detecting the arrival of a sheet using a photoelectric sensor or the like.

FIG. 6C shows the results of measuring the detection voltages of the PET substrate, the telephone card, and the highway card as measurement objects by using the orientation measurement apparatus of Example 1 and conveying them. From the measurement results in the long side direction and short side direction, the PET base material was 1: 1, whereas the telephone card was 1: 0.66 and the highway card was 0.96: 1. There was almost no orientation, and the orientation of the layer due to the applied resin, pigment or other material was confirmed.
From this, it was confirmed that the orientation measuring apparatus of Example 1 can measure the orientation of the resin, pigment or other material.

(Example 2)
FIG. 7 shows a drawing for explaining the second embodiment, which is an embodiment of an orientation measuring device provided with an integrated detection means 17 in which a plurality of detection means are combined, and includes a first detection means 15 and a second detection means 16. It is an orientation measuring device in which two are arranged. Whereas the first embodiment measures the orientation while moving by the conveying device, this embodiment is a device that measures the orientation while stopped, and has the advantage that the same point of the sheet can be measured in a stationary state without scanning. is there.

FIG. 7A shows a structure in which the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are coupled to form the insides of the two waveguides 3 as one space, and the leak hole 2 is shared. One form of the body shape detection means 17 is shown. Regarding the design, the relative angle of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 was arranged to be an angle of 90 degrees with the axis perpendicular to the sheet surface as the rotation axis.

The first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 have the same structure, and are constituted by the first detection means 15, the second detection means 16, the waveguide 3, the leakage hole 2, and the reflection plate 14. Adjustment is made such that the leakage hole 2 is a round hole having a diameter of 2 mm and is arranged at a position of 22 mm from the ends of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 of each waveguide 3, and the reflector is 80 mm from the left end. The electromagnetic field could be leaked somewhat from the leak hole 2 by being disposed at the position of.

However, although it was possible to evaluate a sheet having a large degree of orientation using the apparatus shown in FIG. 7A, it was difficult to measure the orientation of the paper due to the poor SN ratio. The reason is that the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are integrated with each other because the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are integrated. However, interference occurred regularly, and a sufficient electromagnetic field could not be obtained from the leakage hole 2, so that the orientation of the sheet could not be measured stably. Therefore, countermeasures were taken with the configuration of FIG.

FIG. 7B shows a structure in which an in-waveguide switch is added to FIG. 7A. Since the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are integrated, the space in the waveguide becomes complicated, and a waveguide switching mechanism 26 shown in the figure is added to avoid this. As shown in FIG. 7C, the waveguide switching mechanism 26 is constituted by two shielding plates and a rotation mechanism with the center where the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 intersect as the rotation axis. . When the measurement on the first detection means 15 side is performed, the second detection means 16 side is closed. Conversely, when the measurement on the second detection means 15 is performed, the first detection means 16 side is closed. Measurement can be performed while avoiding mutual interference.

FIG. 7 (d) shows the orientation measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment. The first detection means 15, the second detection means 16, the first amplification section 18, the second amplification section 19, the arithmetic processing section 20, and the display section. 21 and the waveguide switching mechanism 26.

The waveguide switching mechanism 26 switches the inside of the waveguide 3 by a signal from the arithmetic processing unit 20, and the first amplifying unit 18 and the second amplifying unit 19 having a structure capable of performing zero adjustment and gain adjustment include: The detection voltage from the one detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 is obtained and amplified, and the arithmetic processing unit 20 is used when the inside of the waveguide is switched to the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16, respectively. The detection voltage is stored and the calculation and comparison are performed, and the display unit 21 displays the numerical value of orientation as the calculation result.
Since the arithmetic processing unit 20 stores the detection voltages of the first detection unit 15 and the second detection unit 16 to perform calculation / comparison, it takes time and effort to rotate the sheet and the apparatus relatively to perform vertical / horizontal measurement. lost.

FIG. 7E shows the result of measuring newspaper using the orientation measuring apparatus of Example 2. From the measurement results, the ratio of the detection voltage when measured in the orientation direction and when measured in the direction orthogonal thereto was 1: 0.8, so that the orientation measurement apparatus of Example 2 can measure the orientation of the paper. It could be confirmed.

(Example 3)
8, 9, 10 and 11 are drawings for explaining the third embodiment. While the second embodiment is an apparatus for measuring the orientation while it is stopped, the third embodiment is a device that is moved by a transport device and scans the orientation to determine true / false.

FIG. 8 shows an identity card capable of authenticating authenticity according to the third embodiment, and is composed of a base material 31, a printing layer 32, and a name panel 35.
In particular, the name panel 35 adjusted the fiber orientation for the purpose of determining authenticity. As the base material 31, a PET film having a thickness of 0.3 mm is used. However, any resin other than PET having no molecular orientation may be used, and the thickness is within 0.75 mm. The printing layer 32 prints the design and information of the identification card. If the ink to be used is a mixture of resin and pigment as a main component, the printing film thickness should be about 25 μm or less. The name panel 35 is for describing the signature of the holder, and is composed of two types of materials, the non-orientation portion 29 and the orientation portion 30. The material of the non-orientation portion 29 is a paper obtained by performing production at a relatively low speed so as not to give fiber orientation using a long net paper machine, and the material of the orientation portion 30 is a round mesh type. It is a paper obtained by producing at high speed so as to give fiber orientation using a paper machine.

FIG. 9 shows one form of a true / false discrimination device having an integrated detection means 17, and includes a first detection means 15, a second detection means 16, a waveguide 3, a leak hole 2, a reflector 14, and a waveguide. It is an example of a true / false discrimination device provided with a switching mechanism. The first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are coupled to each other, and the inside of both the waveguides 3 is configured as one space, and the leak hole 2 is shared. The relative angle between the first detection unit 15 and the second detection unit 16 is 90 degrees with the axis perpendicular to the sheet surface as the rotation axis. However, the relative angle is 90 as long as the orientation can be detected. Other than degrees.

In adjusting the apparatus, the leakage hole 2 is provided with a round hole having a diameter of 2 mm at a position 22 mm from both ends of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16, and the reflector 14 The one detecting means 15 and the second detecting means 16 were disposed at positions of 80 mm from both ends. By performing such adjustment, the electromagnetic field can be leaked from the leak hole 2.

In the waveguide switching mechanism 26, since the integrated detection means 17 uses the interior of both the waveguides 3 of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 as one space, there is no mutual interference during measurement. appear. In order to avoid this, a waveguide made up of a shielding plate 25 and a switching mechanism motor 27 for shielding the path, with the center of intersection of the waveguides of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 as the rotation axis. A tube switching mechanism 26 is installed. The shielding plate 25 closes the second detection means 16 side when measuring the first detection means 15, and conversely, when measuring the second detection means 16, By closing the side, it is possible to measure by avoiding mutual interference. That is, the shielding plate 25 is continuously rotated at a constant speed by the switching mechanism motor 27, and the path is continuously switched between the first detection means 15 side and the second detection means 16 side.

FIG. 10 illustrates a state where the path is switched to the first detection means 15 side and the second detection means 16 side.
FIG. 10A shows a state in which the shielding plate 25 is continuously rotated by the switching mechanism motor 27 controlled at a constant speed by the motor drive circuit 28. As shown in FIG. The position where the first detection means 15 can be measured by blocking the second detection means 16 side, and the measurement by the second detection means 16 is blocked by blocking the first detection means 15 side as shown in FIG. Repeat the possible positions in order.

FIG. 11A shows a configuration diagram of the authenticity determination apparatus of the third embodiment, and FIG. 11B shows a flowchart of signal processing.
The first amplification unit 18 and the second amplification unit 19 amplify the detection voltage from the first detection unit 15 and the second detection unit 16, and the arithmetic processing unit 20 is the first amplification unit 18 and the second amplification unit 19. The detection voltages of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 are converted into quantitative digital values by performing waveform shaping, rectification, and AD conversion on the obtained raw waveform. The authenticity determination unit 24 calculates the digital values of the first detection means 15 and the second detection means 16 to obtain a difference signal, and based on the position signal from the position detector 22, It recognizes the presence of a prescribed difference signal, determines authenticity, and displays the result on the display unit 21.

That is, when the identity certificate 33 of FIG. 8 is measured using this authenticity discrimination device, the flow of signal processing at this time is as shown in FIG. When the first detection mechanism is measured when the first detection mechanism is measured when the first detection mechanism is measured while the switching mechanism is continuously rotated at a constant speed. When the detection mechanism is closed and the second detection mechanism is being measured, the first detection mechanism is operated by continuously switching the path so that the second detection mechanism is open and the first detection mechanism is closed. The detection mechanism and the second detection mechanism are measured alternately, and the raw waveforms of the first detection mechanism and the second detection mechanism are obtained. In the non-orientation portion 29 of the name panel 35, the first detection mechanism and the second detection mechanism have the same waveform, but in the orientation portion 30, the waveforms of the first detection mechanism and the second detection mechanism are different. Thus, it can be seen that there is orientation in one direction. Next, rectification / AD conversion is performed on the obtained raw waveform to obtain a digital value, and a difference calculation is performed to obtain a difference signal between the first detection mechanism and the second detection mechanism. A signal waveform is obtained and the region of orientation is confirmed. Since the position detector 22 detects the position of the moving identification card 33 according to the conveyance, the authenticity of the identification card 33 can be determined by detecting the orientation region and capturing it as a difference signal.

It is a figure which shows the principle of an orientation measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows a standing wave. It is a figure of one structural example of an orientation measuring apparatus. It is a figure of one structural example of an orientation measuring apparatus. It is a figure of one structural example of an orientation measuring apparatus. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of Example 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the identification card | curd which can authenticate authenticity of Example 3. It is a figure which shows the integrated detection means of the authenticity determination apparatus of Example 3. It is a figure which shows the switching state of the internal path | route of the authenticity determination apparatus of Example 3. It is a figure which shows the block diagram and flowchart of an authenticity determination apparatus of Example 3.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electromagnetic wave 2 Leakage hole 3 Waveguide 4 Sheet 5 Electric field distribution 6 Magnetic field distribution 7 Transmitting antenna 8 Transmitting diode 9 Receiving antenna 10 Receiving diode 11 Electromagnetic wave transmitting part 12 Electromagnetic wave receiving part 13 Non-reflection terminator 14 Reflecting plate 15 First detection means 16 Second detection means 17 Integrated detection means 18 First amplification section 19 Second amplification section
20 arithmetic processing unit 21 display unit 22 position detector 23 transport device 24 waveguide switching mechanism 25 shielding plate 26 authenticity determination unit 27 motor drive circuit 28 motor for switching mechanism 29 non-orientation unit 30 orientation unit 31 substrate 32 printing layer 33 Identification card 34 Adhesive layer 35 Name panel a1 Wave

Claims (7)

The orientation of the material composing the sheet is obtained by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide measuring the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. A method for measuring the orientation of a sheet,
The waveguide having at least one leakage hole;
In the waveguide, an electromagnetic wave is transmitted from an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit that irradiates the electromagnetic wave,
When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet which is an object to be measured arranged facing the leakage hole. Using a detection means for receiving a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet,
The relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed several times so that the rotation axis is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide of the detection means so as to be different angles. , Each detected voltage is measured by the electromagnetic wave receiver,
A method for measuring the orientation of a sheet, comprising obtaining the orientation of the sheet by obtaining anisotropy of relative dielectric constant or conductivity based on each of the obtained detection voltages. The orientation of the material composing the sheet is obtained by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide measuring the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet,
The waveguide having at least one leakage hole;
An electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting electromagnetic waves into the waveguide; and
When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet which is an object to be measured disposed facing the leakage hole, the A detection means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the material characteristics of the sheet;
Using the axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the waveguide leakage hole of the detection means as a rotation axis, the relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed a plurality of times so as to have different angles. Measure each detected voltage,
An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet, wherein anisotropy of relative permittivity or conductivity is obtained based on each of the obtained detection voltages. The orientation of the material composing the sheet is obtained by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide measuring the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet,
The waveguide having at least one leakage hole;
An electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting electromagnetic waves into the waveguide; and
When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet which is an object to be measured disposed facing the leakage hole, the A plurality of detection means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes in accordance with the material characteristics constituting the sheet,
The plurality of detection means are arranged at different angles, each having an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide as a rotation axis. measuring device. 4. The sheet orientation measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the waveguides of the detecting means are coupled so as to share a predetermined space, and the leakage holes are provided at the same position. The orientation of the material composing the sheet is obtained by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide measuring the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. An apparatus for measuring the orientation of a sheet,
The waveguide having at least one leakage hole;
An electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting electromagnetic waves into the waveguide; and
When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet which is an object to be measured disposed facing the leakage hole, the A plurality of detection means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes in accordance with the material characteristics constituting the sheet,
The plurality of detecting means are arranged so that the respective leakage holes cross three-dimensionally across the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide. . The orientation of the material composing the sheet is obtained by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide measuring the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. It is a true / false determination method for determining whether a sheet is true or false,
The waveguide having at least one leakage hole;
In the waveguide, an electromagnetic wave is transmitted from an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit that irradiates the electromagnetic wave,
When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet which is an object to be measured arranged facing the leakage hole. Using a detection means for receiving a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the characteristics of the material constituting the sheet,
The relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed several times so that the rotation axis is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide of the detection means so as to be different angles. , Each detected voltage is measured by the electromagnetic wave receiver,
Obtain anisotropy of relative permittivity or conductivity based on each of the obtained detection voltages,
The sheet is characterized in that authenticity is determined by comparing the obtained relative dielectric constant or anisotropy of electrical conductivity with the relative dielectric constant or electrical anisotropy of a reference sheet measured in advance. Authenticity discrimination method. The orientation of the material composing the sheet is obtained by utilizing the fact that the electromagnetic wave generated by the waveguide measuring the leakage electromagnetic field depends on the characteristics of the material composing the sheet. A sheet authenticity determination device for determining authenticity of a sheet,
The waveguide having at least one leakage hole;
An electromagnetic wave transmitter for radiating and transmitting electromagnetic waves into the waveguide; and
When the irradiated electromagnetic wave propagates through the waveguide and leaks an electromagnetic field from the leakage hole, and the electromagnetic field passes through a sheet that is a measurement object disposed to face the leakage hole, A detection means for detecting a detection voltage with an electromagnetic wave receiving unit that receives a change in the amplitude and / or phase of the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide that changes according to the material characteristics of the sheet;
The relative angle between the detection means and the sheet is changed several times so that the rotation axis is an axis perpendicular to the sheet surface of the sheet placed on the leakage hole of the waveguide of the detection means so as to be different angles. Measure each detected voltage,
Means for obtaining anisotropy of relative permittivity or conductivity based on each of the obtained detection voltages;
Authenticity determination means for determining authenticity of a sheet by comparing the obtained relative dielectric constant or anisotropy of electrical conductivity with the relative dielectric constant or electrical anisotropy of a reference sheet measured in advance The authenticity determination apparatus of the sheet | seat characterized by the above-mentioned.

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