JP2006226720A - Rain gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rain gauge aimed at further improved in the measuremt accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: The rain gauge comprises an upset measure which repeats to receive rain water supplied from above, with one rain water receiver section separated symmetrically by a central partition wall and to fall, when a specific amount of rain water is stored, and to receive rain water with another rain water receiver section and to fall, when a specific amount of rain water is stored. The rain gauge outputs the measured results based on the number of fall of the upset measure. It also comprises a supply switching means for supplying rain water of one rain water receiver section to another rain water receiver section, when a specific rain water is stored in the section and the upset measure initiates falling, and then supplying rain water of another rain water receiver section to the one rain water receiver section, when a prescribed amount of rain water is stored in the section and the upset measure initiates falling. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a rain gauge.

As is well known, the overturning method is widely used for general rain gauges. This overturning-type rain gauge is designed to allow rainwater to drip from above onto a overturned trough that is formed with a pair of rainwater receptacles separated by a central partition. The rainfall is measured based on the number of falls. That is, when a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in one rainwater catcher, the overturning rain gauge falls over due to its weight and drops into the other rainwater catcher, and the rainwater catcher falls into the other rainwater catcher. When a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates, the amount of rain is measured by repeating the fall of the overturned ridge due to its weight. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-198366 discloses a technique for improving the measurement accuracy of the overturning rain gauge.
JP 2004-198366 A

  By the way, the above-mentioned overturning-type rain gauge has a factor that reduces the measurement accuracy due to its measurement principle. That is, when a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in one rainwater receptacle, the overturning trap starts toppling due to its weight, but the period from the start of the fall until rainwater drops into the other rainwater receptacle, Since rainwater is dripped into one rainwater receptacle, the rainwater dripped onto one rainwater receptacle during this period has not contributed to the overturning operation of the overturn, resulting in a measurement error in rainfall measurement. In addition, this measurement error increases as the rainfall increases.

 This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and aims at the further improvement of the rainfall measurement precision.

 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present invention, as a first solution for the rain gauge, when a predetermined amount of rain water accumulates in one of the rain water receptacles symmetrically separated by the central partition wall, the other falls. When the rainwater supplied from above is received by one rainwater receptacle, it falls over when a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in the other rainwater receptacle and repeatedly receives rainwater supplied from above by one rainwater receptacle. A rain gauge that outputs the measurement result based on the number of falls of the fall dredge to the outside. When a predetermined amount of rain water accumulates in one rain catch and the fall dredge starts to fall, A means is provided that includes a supply switching means for supplying rainwater to one of the rainwater receptacles when a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in the other rainwater receptacle and the overturning trap starts to fall. .

 Further, as a second solving means related to the rain gauge, in the first solving means, the supply switching means includes a central threshold portion at an upper portion of the central partition wall portion and a pair of auxiliary threshold portions on both sides of the central threshold portion. A first water conduit that guides rainwater supplied between the central threshold portion and one of the auxiliary threshold portions to the other rainwater receptacle, and between the central threshold portion and the other auxiliary threshold portion. And a second water conduit that guides the rainwater supplied to the rainwater receiver.

  According to the present invention, when a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in one rainwater receptacle of the overturned ridge and the overturning rod starts to overturn, the rainwater is provided to the other rainwater receptacle. And when a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in the other rainwater catcher and the overturning trap starts to fall, it is equipped with a supply switching means for supplying rainwater to one rainwater catcher. Rainwater that has not been measured can also contribute to the overturning operation, and the rain measurement accuracy can be improved.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the configuration of a rain gauge according to the present embodiment, where (a) is a front view, (b) is a right side view, and (c) is a view taken along the line AA ′ in the front view. . In these drawings, reference numeral 1 is a circular pedestal, 2 is an outer cylinder, 3 is a rainwater intake portion, S is a member to be stored, and X is rainwater.

  As shown in these drawings, the rain gauge has a storage member S disposed on the circular pedestal 1 and a hollow cylindrical shape that is detachably attached to the circular pedestal 1 so as to store the stored member S. The outer cylinder 2 and a funnel-shaped rainwater intake part 3 attached to the upper part of the outer cylinder 2. The rainwater intake 3 is provided with a simple filtering member such as a net so that relatively large foreign substances such as fallen leaves do not enter the inside. Further, mounting legs for fixing the rain gauge are provided on the lower surface of the circular pedestal 1.

  The to-be-stored member S is supported by the overturning trough support section 4 so as to be freely overturned, and the overturn trough 5 is formed by the overturn trough 5 in which rainwater receiving troughs 5a and 5b of a predetermined capacity are formed on the left and right, and the drainage filter support section 6. And a drainage device 7 that receives the rainwater X supplied from the central portion of the rainwater intake 3, filters the rainwater X and then drops the rainwater X on the overturning rod 5, and the left and right sides of the overturning rod 5. A pair of lower drainage portions 8A and 8B that discharge rainwater X drained from the overturning rod 5 to the outside, and a stopper 9A that is provided below the overturning rod 5 and regulates the maximum overturning angle of the overturning rod 5 and 9B.

  Moreover, although not shown in figure, in such a to-be-stored member S, the reed switch which detects the fall operation | movement of the fall over 5 without contact is provided. Since the number of times of falling (the number of falls) from the start to the end of the fall of the faller 5 (the number of falls) is a value corresponding to the amount of rainfall, this rain gauge is connected to the reed switch by way of a telephone line, for example. The detection result is output to the weather center as a pulse signal indicating rainfall.

  Next, the detailed configuration of the overturning rod 5 which is a characteristic component of the rain gauge will be described with reference to FIG. 2A is a front view, FIG. 2B is a top view, and FIG. 2C is a right side view.

 As shown in these figures, the overturning rod 5 is composed of the rainwater receiving rods 5a and 5b, the bottom surface portion 5c, the side wall portions 5d and 5e, the central partition wall portion 5g, the central threshold portion 5g1, the auxiliary threshold portions 5g2 and 5g3, the water receiving portion 5h, 5i, water guide ports 5j1, 5k1, water guide channels 5j2, 5k2, drain ports 5j3, 5k3, connecting portion 5f and stopper receivers 5m, 5n.

   The bottom surface part 5c forms the bottom part of the overturning ridge 5, and is a triangular prism-like member considering draining. The side wall portions 5d and 5e are isosceles triangular plate-like members whose bottom sides are set to the same length as the long side of the bottom surface portion 5c. These side wall portions 5d and 5e are respectively installed in a vertical state in the long side direction of the bottom surface portion 5c as shown in the figure.

   The central partition wall portion 5g forms one rainwater receiving rod 5a and the other rainwater receiving rod 5b by separating the overturning rod 5 symmetrically, and is in a state perpendicular to the upper surface and the center of the bottom surface portion 5c. Is installed. Further, as shown in the figure, at the upper portion of the central partition wall portion 5g, there are provided three threshold portions, that is, a central threshold portion 5g1, one auxiliary threshold portion 5g2, and the other auxiliary threshold portion 5g3. A water receiving portion 5h for receiving rainwater X is formed between the threshold portion 5g1 and one of the auxiliary threshold portions 5g2, and a water receiving portion for receiving the rainwater X between the central threshold portion 5g1 and the other auxiliary threshold portion 5g3. Part 5i is formed.

  A water inlet 5j1 is provided at a portion where the central threshold part 5g1 and one of the auxiliary threshold parts 5g2 intersect, and the water inlet 5j1 is provided with a rainwater receiving port 5b by a water channel 5j2 provided inside the central partition wall part 5g. It communicates with a drainage port 5j3 that opens to the top. The rainwater X dripped into one water receiving part 5h enters from the water inlet 5j1, passes through the water conduit 5j2, and is guided from the drain port 5j3 to the other rainwater receiver 5b. Further, a water inlet 5k1 is provided at a portion where the central threshold portion 5g1 and the other auxiliary threshold portion 5g3 intersect, and this water inlet 5k1 receives rainwater by a water conduit 5k2 provided inside the central partition wall portion 5g. It communicates with a drainage port 5k3 that opens to the trough 5a. The rainwater X dripped into the other water receiving portion 5i enters from the water inlet 5k1, passes through the water conduit 5k2, and is guided from the drain port 5k3 to the one rainwater receiver 5a.

  In FIG. 2, the water inlets 5j1 and 5k1 have a rectangular shape so that the opening area is maximized in order to efficiently take in the rainwater X, but may have other shapes, for example, a plurality of circular holes may be provided. good.

 The connecting portion 5f is a member for connecting the overturning rod support portion 4 and the overturning rod 5 and is installed on the lower surface of the bottom surface portion 5c. The stopper receivers 5m and 5n receive the tip portions of the stoppers 9A and 9B so as to buffer the impact force when the overturning rod 5 comes into contact with the stopper 9A or the stopper 9B. It is installed at a predetermined site.

 Among the components of the overturning trough 5 as described above, the central threshold portion 5g1, the auxiliary threshold portions 5g2, 5g3, the water receiving portions 5h, 5i, the water inlets 5j1, 5k1, the water conduits 5j2, 5k2, and the drain ports 5j3, 5k3 are , Constituting supply switching means.

   Next, the operation of the rain gauge according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. In the following, the fall angle θ indicates how much the fall rod 5 has fallen from this reference, based on the reference (0 °) when the fall rod 5 has not fallen.

  In the present embodiment, when the overturning rod 5 is overturned so as to receive the rainwater X with one rainwater receiving portion 5a, the overturning angle θ is a positive value, and the overturning rod 5 is over the other side. When the rain water catcher 5b falls so as to receive the rain water X, the fall angle θ is a negative value. The stoppers 9A and 9B regulate the fall angle θ of the fall bar 5 so that the fall angle θ changes in the range of −30 ° to 30 °.

 In FIG. 3, (a) shows the case of the above-mentioned fall angle θ = 30 °, (b) shows the case of the fall angle θ = 15 °, (c) shows the case of the fall angle θ = 5 °, FIG. 4A shows the case where the fall angle θ = −10 °, and FIG. 4B shows the case where the fall angle θ = −30 °.

 As shown in these figures, one of the auxiliary cut-off portions 5g2 is provided at a position where the rainwater X is not dropped on the water receiving portion 5h when the overturning rod 5 is overturned at the overturn angle θ = 30 °. In addition, the other auxiliary closing portion 5g3 is provided at a position where rainwater X is not dripped onto the water receiving portion 5i when the overturning rod 5 is falling over at the overturning angle θ = −30 °.

 Further, the drain port 5k3 is provided from the bottom surface portion 5c so that the rainwater X collected in one rainwater receiving rod 5a does not flow back to the water receiving portion 5i while the overturning rod 5 is falling at the falling angle θ = 30 °. It is provided at a predetermined height. Similarly, the drain port 5j3 has a bottom surface so that the rainwater X collected in the other rainwater receiving rod 5b does not flow back to the water receiving portion 5h while the overturning rod 5 is falling at the falling angle θ = −30 °. It is provided at a predetermined height from 5c.

   The rainwater X poured from the upper open end of the outer cylinder 2 is supplied to the filter 7 from above after removing a relatively large foreign matter by the funnel-shaped rainwater intake 3. The rainwater X is dropped from the upper side onto the overturning trough 5 after the foreign matter remaining by the drainage device 7 is removed.

   As shown in FIG. 3A, it is assumed that the rainwater X dripped onto the overturning rod 5 is first dripped onto one rainwater receiving rod 5a. The rainwater X is dripped from the drainage device 7 and accumulated in one rainwater receptacle 5a. When a predetermined amount of rainwater X accumulates in one rainwater receptacle 5a, the overturning rod 5 falls due to the weight of the rainwater X. To start.

   When the overturning rod 5 starts to overturn, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the rainwater X is blocked by one of the auxiliary catching portions 5g2, and is not dropped on the one rainwater receiving portion 5a, but is dropped into the receiving portion 5h. Will accumulate. The rainwater X collected in the water receiving portion 5h flows from the water inlet 5j1 into the water conduit 5j2, and is led from the drain port 5j3 to the other rainwater receiver 5b. Further, even when the overturning rod 5 falls down and falls down to the overturning angle θ = 5 ° as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the rainwater X drops on the water receiving portion 5h, so that the water inlet 5j1 through the water inlet 5j2 as described above. Then, the water is led from the drain port 5j3 to the other rainwater receiving basin 5b. As described above, the rainwater X dripped while the overturning rod 5 starts toppling and falls over until the overturning angle is about θ = 0 ° is accumulated in the other rainwater receiving portion 5b through the water conduit 5j2. Become.

Next, when the falling angle exceeds θ = 0 °, the rainwater X is blocked by the other auxiliary cut portion 5g3 and dropped onto the water receiving portion 5i as shown in FIG. In this case, the rainwater X dripped onto the water receiving portion 5i is led to one rainwater receiving basin 5a through the water conduit 5k2, which may cause a measurement error.
However, here is a supplementary explanation of the overturning operation of the overturning rod 5. Although the overturning speed of the overturning rod 5 is slow at the start of the overturning, the center of gravity of the rainwater X collected in the rainwater receiving portion 5 a as the overturning falls The tipping speed gradually increases because it moves away from the center. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the overturning rod 5 quickly falls to the stopper 9A when the overturning angle θ = 0 ° exceeds (the overturning angle θ becomes negative). X is a very small amount compared to the rainwater X dripped onto the water receiving portion 5h from the start of the fall to the fall angle θ = 0 °. Therefore, since it can be considered that all the rainwater X dripped between the falling angles θ = 0 ° to −30 ° is accumulated in the other rainwater receiving well 5b, the measurement error due to the rainwater X dripping substantially on the water receiving portion 5i. Can be ignored.

   When the overturning rod 5 falls to the stopper 9A (that is, the overturning angle becomes θ = −30 °), all the rainwater X accumulated in one rainwater receiving rod 5a is drained to the drainage portion 8A, and FIG. ), The rainwater X drops and accumulates on the other rainwater receptacle 5b. When a predetermined amount of rainwater X accumulates in the other rainwater receiving rod 5b, the overturning rod 5 starts to fall again in the positive direction of the overturning angle θ. The predetermined amount of rainwater X accumulated in the other rainwater receiving well 5b is dropped on the water receiving portion 5h from the start of the fall angle θ = 30 ° to the fall angle θ = 0 °. The rainwater X introduced to the other rainwater receptacle 5b and the rainwater X dripped onto the other rainwater receptacle 5b during the fall angle θ = 0 ° to −30 °.

  In the subsequent operation, in the same manner as described above, the rainwater X is received while the predetermined amount of rainwater X is accumulated in the other rainwater receiving well 5b and the falling overfall angle 5 becomes approximately 0 ° after the overturning rod 5 starts toppling. It dripped at the part 5i, flows into the water channel 5k2 from the water inlet 5k1, is guided to one rainwater receiving rod 5a from the drain port 5k3, and accumulates in one rainwater receiving rod 5a. And, when the fall angle θ is between 0 ° and 30 °, the fall rod 5 quickly falls to the stopper 9B. Therefore, the rainwater X dripped onto the water receiving portion 5h during this time may be ignored, and one rainwater catcher is received. In 5a, rainwater X dripped directly in addition to rainwater X introduced from the water receiving portion 5i is accumulated.

    The overturning operation of the overturning ridge 5 repeated in this way is detected by the reed switch, and is output to the weather center as a pulse signal indicating the rainfall, for example, via a telephone line.

    As described above, according to the present rain gauge, the rainwater X is accumulated in one rainwater receptacle 5a of the overturning rod 5, and the rainwater X is dropped to the other rainwater receptacle 5b from the start of the fall. In the period, the rainwater X, which has been conventionally dropped on one rainwater receptacle 5a and not measured as rainfall, is provided with a secondary drainage portion 5g2, a water inlet 5j1, a water conduit 5j2, and a drain outlet 5j3. Since it accumulates in 5b and contributes to the overturning operation, the rainfall measurement accuracy can be improved. Similarly to the above, during the period from when the rainwater X is accumulated in the other rainwater receiving rod 5b of the overturning rod 5 until the rainwater X is dripped into the one rainwater receiving rod 5a, For example, the rainwater X that has been dropped on the other rainwater receptacle 5b and was not measured as the amount of rainfall is provided with the auxiliary drainage portion 5g3, the water inlet 5k1, the water conduit 5k2, and the drainage port 5k3 and collected in one rainwater receptacle 5a. Since it contributes to the operation, the rain measurement accuracy can be improved.

 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, For example, the following modifications can be considered.

(1) In the above embodiment, the range of the fall angle θ of the fall bar 5 is set to −30 ° to 30 °. However, this range is arbitrary within the tolerance range of the rain gauge shape

(2) In the above embodiment, the rain gauge having the most standard structure has been described. However, the application range of the rain gauge according to the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to, for example, a rain gauge with a built-in heater used in a cold region.

(3) In the above embodiment, the rain gauge outputs a pulse signal indicating the rainfall. However, a converter having an arithmetic function may be provided, and an integrated value indicating the rainfall amount within a predetermined time may be calculated based on the pulse signal in the converter, and the integrated value may be output.

It is a block diagram of the rain gauge which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is drawing which shows the detailed structure of the overturning rod 5 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the rain gauge which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the rain gauge which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Circular pedestal, 2 ... Outer cylinder, 3 ... Rain water intake part, 4 ... Falling sill support part, 5 ... Falling sill 5a, 5b ... Rain water receiving part, 5g ... Central partition part, 5g1 ... Central threshold part, 5g2 5g3 ... Depletion part, 5h, 5i ... Water receiving part, 5j1, 5k1 ... Water inlet, 5j2, 5k2 ... Water conduit, 5j3, 5k3 ... Drain port, 6 ... Filter support part, 7 ... Water filter, 8A , 8B ... Drainage part, 9A, 9B ... Stopper, S ... Member to be stored, X ... Rainwater

Claims (2)

When a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in one rainwater receptacle that is symmetrically separated by the central partition wall, it falls down and receives rainwater supplied from above by the other rainwater receptacle, and a predetermined amount is received in the other rainwater receptacle. This rain gauge is equipped with a tumble gutter that repeatedly falls and receives rainwater supplied from above at one of the gutters, and outputs the measurement results based on the number of tumbles to the outside. ,
When a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in one rainwater receptacle and the overturning trap starts to fall, the rainwater is supplied to the other rainwater receptacle, and a predetermined amount of rainwater accumulates in the other rainwater receptacle and a fallover trap is formed. A rain gauge characterized by comprising supply switching means for supplying rain water to one of the rain water receptacles when a fall starts. The supply switching means includes a central threshold part at the upper part of the central partition part and a pair of auxiliary threshold parts on both sides of the central threshold part, and is supplied between the central threshold part and one of the auxiliary threshold parts. A first water conduit that guides rainwater to the other rainwater receptacle, and a second water conduit that guides rainwater supplied between the central threshold and the other auxiliary drain to one rainwater receptacle. The rain gauge according to claim 1, further comprising:

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