JP2006221177A - Lens barrel for observation device, and observation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To continuously form a lens barrel and an observation device having such a system that the structural length necessary for the observation device using the lens barrel can be more reduced. <P>SOLUTION: In the observation device (10), specially, the lens barrel (20) for a microscope, the lens barrel (20) includes at least one observation optical path (21 and 22), and also, at least one optical lens barrel element is arranged in the observation optical path, and another magnifying system (23) for varying a focal distance is arranged in the observation optical path of the lens barrel (20). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention firstly relates to an observation apparatus barrel described in the introduction of claim 1. The present invention further relates to an observation apparatus. The observation device may be a microscope, for example.

  Observation devices in the form of microscopes are used in various fields. One such field of use is, for example, a surgical microscope.

  A microscope generally consists of a series of basic components. These are generally the base and the lens barrel connected to it.

  In a series of applications, for example neurosurgery, a situation frequently arises in which the operating microscope is used to a certain level, i.e. by linear inspection of the barrel, which in this case is often a pivoting barrel. Due to the overall length of the surgical microscope, ergonomic work is impossible for the surgeon in such cases. Surgeons are often forced to operate with their arms somewhat stretched.

  Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the structural length of the microscope as described above.

  From Patent Document 1, a movable lens barrel, a so-called pivotable lens barrel, is already known, and the structural length of the microscope can be reduced by using this. For this purpose, the lens barrel has a deflection system for deflecting the observation optical path. The observation optical path is incident parallel to the optical axis in the lens barrel and is deflected perpendicularly to the optical axis using suitable optical elements. A lens group or a lens system which is a so-called lens barrel can be provided in an observation optical path extending perpendicularly to the optical axis. These lenses are immovable and are fixedly disposed in the observation optical path. A known solution is therefore a lens barrel with a constant focal length.

  There is often a need to provide a magnification system for changing the focal length in a microscope of the above type. This may be for example a zoom system or an analogue. The use of this type of magnification system itself is already known from the prior art. The magnification system in this case is used as an independent module separated from the lens barrel. A known type of magnification system is conventionally arranged in the substrate of a microscope. One such solution is described in Patent Document 2, for example.

  The printed matter describes a binocular stereomicroscope having one main objective lens and one zoom system in its substrate. It is necessary to provide a binocular barrel provided with an eyepiece after the substrate. The optical axis of the main objective lens needs to extend vertically, while the central axis of the zoom system needs to extend horizontally. The observation optical path is deflected using a deflection element.

The zoom system in the above known solution is in the microscope substrate, as is any solution known from the prior art realized so far. Therefore, the focal length is enlarged or changed before the observation light path reaches the lens barrel, since the lens barrel must still be mounted on the substrate in the known solution.
German Patent Application Publication No. 10316242 (DE10316242A1) Federal Republic of Germany Patent Publication No. 102555961 (DE10259596B3)

  Given the above prior art, the problem underlying the present invention is to continue to form a lens barrel or observation device of the type listed at the beginning so that the required structural length of the observation device using the lens barrel can be further reduced. That is.

  The above-mentioned problems are solved by the present invention by a lens barrel having the characteristics described in independent claim 1 and an observation apparatus having the characteristics described in independent claim 20. Other advantages, features and details of the invention will be apparent from the subclaims, the description and the drawings. The advantages, features and details described in connection with the lens barrel according to the invention apply in this case as well as in the connection with the observation device according to the invention and vice versa.

  The recognition underlying the present invention is that the magnification system is no longer in the substrate of the observation device, but in the future in the lens barrel itself.

  According to a first aspect, an observation device, in particular a microscope barrel, is provided, the lens barrel having at least one observation beam path, and at least one optical barrel element being arranged in the observation beam path. . According to the present invention, this lens barrel is characterized in that at least one magnification system for changing the focal length is disposed in the observation optical path of the lens barrel.

  By transferring the magnification system from the base of the observation device in the lens barrel, a greater effect can be achieved with respect to the reduction of the structural length than can be achieved by shortening the structural length of the swivel barrel described in DE 10316242A1, for example. Can do.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention, the structural length of the entire observation apparatus is reduced by at least the length of the magnification system. Depending on each magnification, the structural length reduction can be on the order of about 50-70 millimeters.

  Further, as described above, it has been usual to provide an enlargement magnification system inside the base of the observation apparatus. In particular, when the lens barrel is a swivel type lens barrel, the lens barrel is disposed on the base body, thereby realizing a simple and inexpensive solution in terms of structure. That is, the magnification system generally comprises a series of optical structural elements, such as a lens element group or lens element system that is at least partially movable. The improved ergonomic conditions can be realized by moving the magnification system inside the lens barrel. This is especially true when the observation device is configured as a surgical microscope used in neurosurgery and is used with an extended structure having a linear view of a lens barrel, such as a pivoting lens barrel.

  Surprisingly, it has become possible in the future to avoid the implementation variants that are conventional in the industry and have been practiced, and to provide a magnification system directly in the barrel itself. This arises in particular from the preferred formation of the magnification system itself, and examples of preferred embodiments in that regard will be described in more detail in the following course of this specification.

  The lens barrel according to the present invention is generally an end member for an observation device, in particular a microscope, and in the case of a swivel type lens barrel, it is a movable end member that enables inspection of the observation device. For this purpose, the lens barrel has at least one optical lens element. Of course, two or more optical barrel elements can also be provided.

  The optical barrel element may be a lens element or a lens element system composed of, for example, two or more lens element groups (for example, in the form of a kit member or the like). For example, the optical barrel element may be an eyepiece. The lens barrel generally serves to generate an intermediate image, in which case it is observed with an eyepiece. This eyepiece may of course be formed as a separate and independent component depending on each embodiment of the lens barrel. For example, there are lens barrels having interchangeable eyepieces, or lens barrels in which the eyepieces are firmly fixed.

  The present invention is not limited to a particular type of magnification system. This may be, for example, a zoom system, a zooming device (eg a Galilean zooming device) or an analogue. The enlargement magnification system is characterized in that the focal length can be changed in a stepwise manner or a stepless manner using the magnification magnification system. This can be realized in the optical system by, for example, axial movement of an optical element such as a lens or lens group. It is also possible to use lens elements having a variable focal length as well. So-called vario lenses are already known per se from the prior art.

  Although the present invention provides a viewing tube for a viewing device, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to a particular type of viewing device. The observation device may preferably be a microscope. The lens barrel can be used particularly advantageously as a module for a surgical microscope.

  The lens barrel first has at least one observation beam path. The lens barrel can preferably have at least two observation light paths. In the case where another observer is allowed in addition to the main observer, it is of course possible to provide two or more observation light paths. Such a lens barrel is, for example, a lens barrel for a binocular stereomicroscope or a so-called binocular lens barrel. Furthermore, the lens barrel can also include an optical lens element.

  Here, first of all, according to the present invention, the magnification system is disposed inside the lens barrel, and is no longer provided outside the lens barrel, for example, in the base of the observation apparatus, as is conventionally done conventionally. Has been taken into account.

  Surprisingly, this was the first time that a magnification system could be incorporated inside the lens barrel. From DE 10316242 A1, it has been known so far only to deflect the optical path inside the lens barrel in order to reduce the structural length so that the optical path extends perpendicular to the optical axis or the microscope axis in the entrance region of the lens barrel. . The magnification system still had to be placed in the substrate of the observation apparatus.

  The magnification system in DE10259596B3 also functions according to the same principle. Also in this case, the magnification system is provided in front of the entrance in the lens barrel together with the inside of the base.

  The structural length of the magnification system is not enlarged by the arrangement of the magnification system in the lens barrel according to the present invention. At the same time, the required installation space in the substrate of the observation device is further reduced, and as a result, the overall structure length of the observation device is further reduced.

  The lens barrel can preferably have at least two observation light paths, in which case preferably one magnification factor subsystem for changing the focal length is arranged in each observation light path.

  In another embodiment, it may be considered to arrange the magnification optical system, the magnification magnification sub-system or the communication optical path to the magnification magnification sub-system in the lens barrel at an angle other than 0 ° with respect to the optical axis. . Thereby, the structural space required for the lens barrel can be further reduced. Particularly preferably, it can be considered that the magnification system or the magnification system is arranged in the lens barrel at right angles to the optical axis.

  In another embodiment, it can be considered to arrange a magnification system or a magnification system in the entrance area of the lens barrel. In this case, the incident area is an area connected to the base of the observation apparatus.

  In another embodiment, the at least one observation beam path can extend into two or more spatial planes inside the lens barrel. In this case, the observation optical path is preferably in the projection plane, but not in the spatial plane. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the magnification system or magnification system is disposed in the entrance region of the lens barrel at an angle other than 0 ° with respect to the optical axis.

  In particular, it is considered that the magnification magnification subsystem is arranged relative to the lens barrel with respect to light guidance. Compared to the solution described in DE 10259596B1, in the case of the lens barrel according to the invention, the optical axis or the magnification magnification subsystem of the observation optical path (for example binocular body passage) is no longer parallel but is arranged oppositely. In such a case, it is necessary to move or move individual magnification units in a suitable manner. In order to be able to do this individually, this will be explained in more detail below using some non-exclusive examples.

  For example, each magnification factor subsystem has at least one movable optical element and at least one movable optical element of one magnification factor subsystem is independent of at least one movable optical element of the other magnification factor subsystem Thus, it can be considered to be movably arranged.

  In another embodiment, each magnification factor subsystem has at least one movable optical element, and at least one movable optical element of one magnification factor subsystem is replaced with at least one movable optical element of the other magnification factor subsystem. It is also conceivable to displace the optical element in combination. This combined movement can be performed, for example, mechanically, using corresponding rails, spindles or the like. Similarly, this movement can be realized by an electric method, a hydraulic method, a pneumatic method, or the like.

  It can be considered that the magnification system is preferably formed as an apochromatic afocal magnification system. In this case, “apochromat” generally means that chromatic aberration can be reduced or eliminated by a special optical structure. In this connection, “afocal” generally means that an optical system in which an object and an image are infinite can be realized.

  Particularly preferably, the magnification system can be formed as a zoom system. Such an enlargement magnification system enables stepless enlargement, for example, in the form of an adjustable enlargement magnification system. When two or more enlargement magnification sub-systems are provided, such an enlargement magnification sub-system can be preferably formed as a zoom system. Of course, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, the enlargement magnification system may be a magnification changer capable of adjusting various enlargement magnifications. In many applications, the variable power transformer is quite sufficient in a staged manner.

  When the enlargement magnification system is formed as a zoom system, the enlargement magnification system can be formed as, for example, a zoom system of 2 to 8 times, but the present invention is not limited to the above example.

  When the enlargement magnification system or the enlargement magnification sub-system is formed as an apochromat afocal system, these can be preferably designed as follows.

  The first column shows the plane number, the second column lists the lens radius, and the “glass” column lists the glass names from the Schott-Glaskalog. The value of the variable air gap is displayed between plane numbers 3 and 4, 6 and 7, and 9 and 10, the left value is the weak magnification, the middle value is the average magnification, and the right value is the maximum magnification .

  The magnification factor system or each magnification factor subsystem can preferably be formed in the form of at least one lens element having a variable focal length. In another embodiment, the magnification factor system or each magnification factor subsystem can have at least one lens element having a variable focal length. Such a lens element is a so-called vario lens. Vario lenses themselves are already known from the prior art in a wide variety of embodiments.

  Hereinafter, an example of a vario lens will be described. Such a lens can have, for example, a transparent container, for example, in which there are two or more form-stable immiscible media. This may be, for example, a liquid, a gel-like medium or an analogue. These media repel each other at the interface. This can be done directly by the use of an intermediate membrane or analog. An external action on at least one of the media causes the interface to move between the media, eg, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, etc., thereby changing the focal length of the lens. In this case, the various media can have the same or different refractive indices.

  As described above, the magnification system can be formed as a separate optical component in addition to another optical element. In another embodiment, the magnification ratio system or each magnification ratio subsystem has at least one lens barrel or at least one lens barrel system, or is also formed as a zoom lens barrel or zoom lens system Is also possible. In this case, it is not necessary to strictly separate between the magnification sub-system and the lens barrel or the lens system.

  It can be considered that at least one deflection element is preferably provided for deflecting the observation light path by 180 ° in each observation light path of the lens barrel. This may be, for example, a mirror, a prism or the like. When the deflection element is formed as a prism, it may be a 180 ° prism, for example. Another example of a suitable deflecting element is described in DE 10316242 A1, the disclosure of which is to the extent included in the description of the invention.

  When using the corresponding deflection element, for example, all the components of the magnification factor system or magnification factor sub-system can be arranged in the direction of the light beam in front of the deflection element in each observation beam path. In another embodiment, at least one optical element of the magnification system or magnification subsystem is arranged in the direction of the light beam in each observation optical path before the deflection element, and It is also conceivable to arrange at least one optical element behind the deflection element in the direction of the light beam in each observation beam path.

  The lens barrel may particularly preferably be formed as a pivoting lens barrel.

  In the experiments carried out, one 4 × zoom system (0.5 × to 2.0 ×) each having a structure length of 50 mm (diameter of entrance pupil EP = 14 mm) for the magnification magnification subsystem is Used in a swivel barrel. The total structural length of the entire observation apparatus, which was a surgical microscope, could be reduced by about 50 millimeters. However, as a result, each observation light path of the lens barrel itself is somewhat wider, but this has no detrimental effect on the above-mentioned problems in the introduction of this specification.

  According to another aspect, there is provided an observation apparatus comprising a base and the above-described lens barrel according to the present invention. The observation device may be a microscope or an analog, for example.

  Hereinafter, a microscope in which a corresponding lens barrel is formed as a surgical microscope realized in the form of, for example, a pivoting lens barrel will be described by way of example. A surgical microscope basically consists of a plurality of components, a lens barrel, a substrate and, if necessary, another stage. Furthermore, in a number of surgical microscopes, it is possible to connect various auxiliary modules, recording video cameras and the like, for example a collaborator barrel for an auxiliary observer.

  Furthermore, a plurality of structural groups such as, for example, an illuminating device, an additional magnifying device, a main objective lens or the like can be combined into one inside the substrate.

  The characteristic quantity of the main objective is the focal length of the main objective that defines the working distance of the surgical microscope relative to the surgical field and thereby affects the overall magnification of the microscope.

  In addition, such surgical microscopes generally use eyepiece devices that can be formed either as a component of the lens barrel or as an independent device for the lens barrel. The role of the eyepiece device is generally to post-magnify the intermediate image generated in the lens barrel and to correct any non-oppositeness of the user of such a microscope if necessary.

  The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings using embodiments.

  1 to 4 schematically show an observation apparatus 10 formed as a surgical microscope in which an object 12 is to be observed. The surgical microscope 10 first uses a substrate (not shown in detail) having the main objective lens 11.

  Further, the surgical microscope uses a lens barrel 20 that is a pivoting lens barrel in this example. The lens barrel 20 is connected to the base of the surgical microscope 10 at the incident region 42. Further, the lens barrel 20 is connected to the eyepiece devices 13 and 14. These may of course be components of the lens barrel 20.

  First, deflecting elements 30 and 32 for deflecting the observation optical paths 21 and 22 inside the lens barrel 20 are provided in the incident region 42 of the lens barrel 20. The deflection elements 30, 32 may be formed in the form of prisms, mirrors, and the like, similar to the deflection elements described in more detail below.

  By means of the deflection elements 30, 32, it is achieved that the direction of the observation optical paths 21, 22 extends here in the incidence region of the barrel 20 perpendicular (perpendicular) to the optical axis 15. By deflecting the observation light paths 21, 22 using the deflection elements 30, 32, it is further achieved that the observation light paths 21, 22 extend in the barrel 20 in opposite directions with respect to their beam guidance.

  The observation light paths 21 and 22 impinge upon another deflection element 28, 29, for example a 180 ° prism, whose observation light path is deflected by 180 °. Using the other deflection elements 31, 33, the observation optical paths 21, 22 are finally deflected until the observation optical path extends again parallel to the optical axis 15 and can enter the eyepiece device 13, 14 in this way. Is done.

  The above-described embodiment of the lens barrel 20 can shorten the overall structure length of the surgical microscope 10 together with the structure length thereof. The lens barrel 20 is somewhat wider in some cases, but it is not a drawback with regard to the reduction in the overall structural length achieved.

  Another optical element can be arranged in the observation optical paths 21 and 22. This may be, for example, a specific lens barrel or lens system 26, 26a, 27, 27a.

  Further, an enlargement magnification system 23 is provided in the observation optical paths 21 and 22 and in front of the deflection elements 28 and 29 in the light beam direction. The enlargement magnification system 23 is preferably a zoom system, for example, a 4 × zoom system.

  Such an enlargement magnification system 23 further includes two enlargement magnification sub systems 24 and 25, and the enlargement magnification sub systems 24 and 25 are disposed in the observation optical paths 21 and 22, respectively. The magnification system 23 is no longer arranged parallel to the optical axis 15, which is preferably the microscope axis, and is now arranged at right angles to the optical axis 15.

  The magnification magnification sub-systems 24 and 25 use a series of optical elements 34 to 41, and at least one optical element of each magnification magnification sub-system 24 and 25 is movably disposed. Thereby, the focal length of the lens barrel can be changed. Further, the magnification sub-systems 24 and 25 are not arranged in parallel as in the case of the solutions known from the prior art with respect to the light guide, but are arranged in the lens barrel 20 or in the observation light paths 21 and 22 relative to each other.

  The movable optical elements of the individual magnification sub-systems 24 and 25 can be coupled to each other and movably arranged. This means that, in the last case, when the optical element of the magnification sub-system 24 moves in the observation optical path 21, the optical element communicating with it also moves in the observation light path 22 by the magnification sub-system 25. To do. However, due to the opposing alignment, the movable optical elements are moved in opposition to each other rather than parallel to each other. This means that the optical elements move close to each other or away from each other. This can be achieved, for example, via mechanical couplings via rails, spindles and the like, or using electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc. couplings.

  The structure length is not enlarged by the arrangement of the magnification system 23 in the lens barrel 20. At the same time, the required structural length of the base of the surgical microscope 10 is further reduced, and as a result, the overall structural length of the surgical microscope 10 can be reduced over a wide range as a whole.

  Particularly preferably, the lens barrel 20 is formed as a pivotable lens barrel, so that the lens barrel can be swiveled in a fixed position, for example to the 45 ° position shown in FIG. Similarly, the lens barrel 20 can be swung in a certain region, for example, in the 180 ° swivel region shown in FIG.

  5 and 6 show a part of the observation optical path of the lens barrel, for example, the observation optical path 22 shown in FIGS. Similarly, the observation optical path 21 can be shown.

  In the observation optical path shown in FIG. 5, an enlargement magnification sub-system 25 comprising a series of optical elements 38, 39, 40, 41 is shown in the form of an afocal zoom system. See also FIG. 2 in this regard. Separately from this, a lens barrel system having lens barrels 27 and 27a is provided.

  Unlike the above, FIG. 6 shows a lens barrel system 44 having a variable focal length in which the magnification system 25 having the optical elements 38, 39, 40, 41 and the lens barrels 27, 27a are combined in a single optical unit. Is shown. In particular, the optical element 41 and the lens barrel 27 of the magnification unit can be combined into a single component, for example in the form of individual lenses or in the form of lens groups.

  FIG. 7 shows a schematic example in which an enlargement magnification system is disposed in an incident region of a lens barrel at a right angle to the optical axis. The extension of the optical path in this case corresponds to the optical path shown in FIGS.

  Furthermore, for example, an observation optical path 22 having an enlargement magnification subsystem 25 is shown. The observation optical path 22 is deflected at right angles to the optical axis 15 at the entrance region 42 of the lens barrel using the deflecting element 32 and passes through the deflecting element 29 and subsequently the deflecting element 33.

  Unlike the above, FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which the enlargement magnification subsystem 25 is disposed in the entrance region 42 of the lens barrel at an angle other than 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the optical axis 15.

  In this case, preferably, in the illustrated example, since the optical paths intersect at one point, it is considered that the observation optical path 22 extends into two or more spatial planes inside the lens barrel. However, the intersections must also be in different spatial planes so as not to interfere with the extension of the optical path.

It is the schematic of the observation apparatus formed as a binocular stereomicroscope provided with the lens barrel which concerns on this invention. It is an enlarged view of the lens barrel shown in FIG. It is the schematic of the lens barrel which concerns on this invention of the turning position 45 degrees. It is the schematic of the lens barrel which concerns on this invention of the turning range 180 degrees. 1 is a schematic view of a lens barrel formed as an optical system with a magnification system and an optical lens element separated from each other. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lens barrel in which an enlargement magnification system and an optical lens barrel element are formed as an optical unit. FIG. It is the schematic example which has arrange | positioned the magnification system in the incident area | region of the lens barrel at right angles to the optical axis. 4 is a schematic example in which an enlargement magnification system is disposed in an incident region of a lens barrel at an angle other than 0 ° with respect to an optical axis.

Explanation of symbols

10 Observation device (surgical microscope)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Main objective lens 12 Object 13 Eyepiece apparatus 14 Eyepiece apparatus 15 Optical axis 20 Lens barrel 21 Observation optical path 22 Observation optical path 23 Magnification system (zoom system)
24 Magnification Partial System 25 Magnification Partial System 26 Lens Lens (System)
26a Lens barrel (system)
27 Lens barrel (system)
27a Lens barrel (system)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 28 Deflection element 29 Deflection element 30 Deflection element 31 Deflection element 32 Deflection element 33 Deflection element 34 Optical element of magnification magnification partial system 35 Optical element of magnification magnification partial system 36 Optical element of magnification magnification partial system 37 Optical element of magnification magnification partial system 38 Optical Element of Magnification Partial System 39 Optical Element of Magnification Magnification Partial System 40 Optical Element of Magnification Magnification Partial System 41 Optical Element of Magnification Magnification Partial System 42 Incident Area of Lens Body 43 Lens Lens System 44 Mirror with Variable Focal Length Torso lens system

Claims (20)

In an observation device (10), in particular a microscope barrel (20), the barrel (20) has at least one observation beam path (21, 22) and at least one optical barrel in the observation beam path. A lens barrel with elements,
A lens barrel characterized in that another magnification system (23) for changing the focal length is disposed in the observation optical path of the lens barrel (20).   The lens barrel (20) has at least two observation optical paths (21, 22) and one magnification sub-system (24, 24) for changing the focal length into each of the observation optical paths (21, 22). The lens barrel according to claim 1, wherein 25) is provided.   The optical axis (15) is connected to the magnification magnification system (23), the magnification magnification subsystem (24, 25), or the magnification magnification subsystem (24, 25) at an angle other than 0 ° with respect to the optical axis (15). The lens barrel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lens barrel is disposed in the bracket.   4. The lens barrel according to claim 3, wherein the magnification system (23) or the magnification system (24, 25) is arranged in the lens barrel (20) at right angles to the optical axis (15). .   The magnification system (23) or the magnification system (24, 25) is arranged in the entrance region (42) of the lens barrel (20), according to any one of the preceding claims. The lens barrel.   6. A lens barrel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one observation light path extends into two or more spatial planes inside the lens barrel (20).   7. The lens barrel according to claim 2, wherein the magnification sub-system (24, 25) is arranged in the lens barrel (20) relative to the light guidance.   Each magnification factor subsystem (24, 25) has at least one movable optical element, and at least one movable optical element of one magnification factor subsystem (24) is connected to the other magnification factor subsystem (25). The lens barrel according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the lens barrel is arranged so as to be movable independently from at least one movable optical element.   Each magnification factor subsystem (24, 25) has at least one movable optical element, and at least one movable optical element of one magnification factor subsystem (24) is connected to the other magnification factor subsystem (25). The lens barrel according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the lens barrel is movably disposed in combination with at least one movable optical element.   The lens barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the magnification system (23) is formed as an apochromat afocal magnification system.   11. The lens barrel according to claim 1, wherein the magnification system (23) is formed as a zoom system.   12. The lens barrel according to claim 11, wherein the zoom system is formed as a zoom system of 2 to 8 times.   13. The magnification factor system (23) or each magnification factor subsystem (24, 25) is formed in the form of at least one lens element having a variable focal length. Lens barrel.   13. A lens barrel according to claim 1, wherein the magnification system (23) or each magnification system (24, 25) comprises at least one lens element having a variable focal length. .   A magnification lens system (23) having at least one lens barrel or at least one lens lens system (26, 26a, 27, 27a) or each magnification component sub-system (24, 25) is a zoom lens barrel or zoom mirror The lens barrel according to claim 1, wherein the lens barrel is formed as a barrel lens system.   At least one deflection element (28, 29) is provided in each observation optical path (21, 22) of the lens barrel (20) in order to deflect the observation optical path (21, 22) by about 180 °. The lens barrel according to any one of claims 1 to 15.   All the components of the magnification system (23) or the magnification system (24, 25) are arranged in each observation optical path (21, 22) in the light beam direction before the deflecting elements (28, 29). The lens barrel according to claim 16.   At least one optical element of the magnification factor system (23) or magnification magnification sub-system (24, 25) is arranged in each observation beam path (21, 22) in the direction of the light beam before the deflection element (28, 29); In addition, at least one optical element of the enlargement magnification system (23) or the enlargement magnification sub-system (24, 25) is arranged behind each of the deflecting elements (28, 29) in the light beam direction in each observation light path (21, 22). The lens barrel according to claim 16.   The lens barrel according to claim 1, wherein the lens barrel (20) is formed as a swivel type lens barrel. An observation device (10), in particular a microscope, comprising a substrate and the barrel (20) according to any one of claims 1-19.

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