JP2006217695A - Switching power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a switching power supply device capable of shifting an operating point of overcurrent protection within a desired range according to an input voltage.
When the input voltage Vin is gradually increased from AC0V, the divided voltage Vd is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 30, but in the interval of AC0V <Vin <V1, it is determined by the Zener voltage Vz1. The voltage becomes the set voltage Vref which is the output voltage of the operational amplifier 30. In the section of V1 ≦ Vin <V2, the divided voltage Vd exceeds the Zener voltage Vz1, and the set voltage Vref increases or decreases in proportion to the input voltage Vin. When the input voltage Vin reaches the second reference voltage V2, the series resistance voltage of the resistors 27 and 28 is clamped by the Zener diode 26 at the voltage value of the Zener voltage Vz2. The operating point for overcurrent protection is set based on the set voltage Vref.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a switching power supply device having an overcurrent protection function.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a switching power supply device that includes an overcurrent protection circuit that protects a power supply or a load from an output overcurrent caused by an output short circuit, for example. In the overcurrent protection circuit, when the output current reaches a preset OCP point (operating point for overcurrent protection), the output voltage and output current are controlled by constant current drooping characteristics, switchback characteristics, etc. . The OCP point of the overcurrent protection circuit is set according to the rated specifications of the switching power supply, but is known to change depending on the input voltage.

  For example, in the switching power supply device disclosed in Patent Document 1, in order to solve the problem of destruction of the switching element due to the preset OCP point changing in proportion to the input voltage change, The OCP point is made as constant as possible by correcting the difference.

By the way, some of these switching power supply devices have specifications such that the output current Io2 increases in the AC200V input system and the output current Io1 decreases in the AC100V input system. In such a two-input switching power supply, normally, the OCP point is set to the larger one of the output currents.
JP-A-7-7943

  However, in the switching power supply device in which the rating of the output current and the like changes depending on the input conditions as described above, when the OCP point is constant as in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to determine the OCP point in accordance with the 200V load. is there. However, with respect to the specifications of the AC100V system, the OCP operating point is far from the rated current, and it is necessary to increase the withstand capability of the device used in accordance with the protection of the switching power supply device. For this reason, in order to use an inexpensive device with low tolerance, it is necessary to change conditions such as overcurrent in accordance with input conditions and the like.

  On the other hand, when the OCP point fluctuates in proportion to the fluctuation of the input voltage, the OCP point cannot be set appropriately with respect to the rated specifications of the switching power supply, and the overcurrent protection operation is not stable. . That is, when the input voltage is temporarily increased, the OCP point is excessively increased in proportion thereto, and the overcurrent protection circuit does not function in a safe region, and there is a possibility that the device used is destroyed. On the other hand, when the input voltage temporarily decreases, the OCP point becomes excessively low in proportion to this, and the overcurrent protection circuit functions even if the output current increases slightly due to load fluctuations. There is a possibility that it cannot be stably obtained.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a switching power supply device capable of shifting an operating point of overcurrent protection within a desired range according to an input voltage.

  In the switching power supply device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the operating point variable means for raising and lowering the operating point of the overcurrent protection according to the input voltage, and the lower limit means for suppressing the lowering of the operating point from the first reference value And an upper limit means for suppressing an increase in the operating point from the second reference value.

  In this way, since the operating point of overcurrent protection can be changed instead of a constant value, an excessive load current in an overload state is limited at a low input voltage, and stress on the used parts can be alleviated. Further, since the OCP point can be varied within a desired range, the OCP point does not fluctuate excessively even when the input voltage is greatly increased or decreased, and the overcurrent protection can be functioned in the safe operation region. In addition, the output of the switching power supply device can be stabilized.

  In the switching power supply device according to claim 2 of the present invention, the operating point variable means increases or decreases a set voltage of the operating point according to an input voltage, and the lower limit means applies a constant voltage having a first reference value. The upper limit means is a constant voltage element that suppresses an increase of the set voltage from a second reference value.

  In this way, the set voltage of the operating point that is increased or decreased by the operating point variable means is lower than the first reference value by the lower limit means even if the operating point variable means makes the set voltage lower than the first reference value. A constant voltage having a reference value is supplied as a set voltage, and on the upper limit side, it is clamped to the second reference value by a constant voltage element, so the overcurrent protection operating point can be changed within a desired range with a simple configuration. Can be made.

  In the switching power supply device according to claim 3 of the present invention, limit value adjusting means for adjusting a lower limit value and / or an upper limit value of the operating point defined by the lower limit means and / or the upper limit means according to the input voltage. I have.

  In this way, the operating point of overcurrent protection can be changed instead of a constant value even outside the range from the first reference value to the second reference value. The stress on the components used can be relieved even under an input condition or the like where the operating point is outside the above range.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the used parts selected under the worst conditions can be selected under appropriate conditions, and the size can be reduced.

  According to claim 2 of the present invention, the operating point of overcurrent protection can be changed within a desired range with a simple configuration.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to relax the selection conditions of the used parts that change according to the input conditions and the like.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a switching power supply device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a circuit diagram of a switching power supply device according to this embodiment. In the figure, reference numeral 2 denotes an AC input power source such as a commercial power source, which is connected to a pair of input terminals 3 and 4 of the switching power supply device 1. A diode bridge 5 is connected to the PFC circuit 6. The input voltage Vin supplied from the AC input power supply 2 via the pair of input terminals 3 and 4 is full-wave rectified by the diode bridge 5 and converted into a DC voltage by the power factor improvement by the PFC circuit 6. . A transformer 7 insulates the input side from the output side. The PFC circuit 6 is connected to one end of the primary winding 7a, and the drain of the switching element 10 made of a MOS FET is connected to the other end. The switching element 10 has a source connected to the diode bridge 5 via a current detection circuit 13 such as a current transformer, and a gate that controls on / off operation (switching operation) of the switching element 10 such as a PWM control IC. Connected to the control circuit 11.

  An OCP point variable circuit 12 is inserted between the DC voltage lines converted by the diode bridge 5 and the PFC circuit 6, and the OCP point variable circuit 12 performs switching control of a set voltage for setting an operating point for overcurrent protection. Output to circuit 11. In this embodiment, the current detection circuit 13 is provided on the primary side to detect the overcurrent on the primary side, but it may be provided on the secondary side to directly detect the load current.

  Further, the secondary winding 7 b which is the secondary side of the transformer 7 is provided with a rectifying / smoothing circuit 15 and a pair of output terminals 16 and 17, and an output voltage is taken out from the pair of output terminals 16 and 17. In addition, an output voltage detection circuit 18 is provided as a feedback loop for stabilizing the output voltage, and a feedback signal of the output voltage is sent from the output voltage detection circuit 18 to the switching control circuit 11. The switching control circuit 11 stabilizes the output voltage by performing well-known PWM control (pulse width control) on the pulse input to the gate of the switching element 10 based on the feedback signal.

  FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing details of the OCP point variable circuit 12. The resistors 20 and 21 for detecting the effective value of the input voltage Vin are connected to the downstream side of the PFC circuit 6 on the positive side 5a of the DC voltage line of the diode bridge 5, while the negative side of the DC voltage line of the diode bridge 5 is connected. 5b is grounded to form a ground line. A capacitor 22 for detecting the peak value of the input voltage Vin is connected between the connection point of the resistor 20 and the resistor 21 and the ground line. The reason why the resistor 20 is provided in front of the capacitor 22 is that the withstand voltage of the capacitor 22 can be lowered.

  A series circuit composed of the resistor 21 and the resistors 27, 28 is connected so as to be connected in parallel with the capacitor 22. The resistance values of the resistors 21, 27, 28 are V1 <V2 (V1 is When the input voltage Vin is 0V <Vin <V1, the Zener voltage Vz1 of the Zener diode 24, which will be described later, is applied to the input voltage Vin (capacitor) when the first reference voltage V2 is the second reference voltage). The voltage dividing ratio of the resistors 21, 27, 28 is determined so as to be higher than the divided voltage Vd generated across the resistor 28, which is a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage between the two ends of the resistor 22 by the resistors 21, 27, 28. ing. Further, when V2 ≦ Vin, the values of the resistors 21, 27, and 28 are determined so that the voltage across the resistor 28 and the resistors 27 and 28 are clamped to a Zener voltage Vz2 of the Zener diode 26 described later.

  The Zener diode 26 as the upper limit means is connected so that the cathode is on the connection point side of the resistor 21 and the resistor 27 and the anode is on the ground line side. The cathode of the diode 25 is connected to the connection point between the resistor 27 and the resistor 28, and one end of the resistor 23 and the cathode of the Zener diode 24 as the lower limit means are connected to the anode of the diode 25. A predetermined power supply voltage Vcc higher than the Zener voltage Vz1 of the Zener diode 24 is applied to the other end of the resistor 23, and the anode of the Zener diode 24 is grounded. That is, the Zener voltage Vz1 is always applied to the anode of the Zener diode 24. Further, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 30 is connected to the connection point between the resistor 27 and the resistor 28, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier 30 is connected to the switching control circuit 11. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 30 is directly connected to the output terminal, and negative feedback is applied so that the gain becomes 1. That is, the operational amplifier 30 functions as an output buffer.

  Next, the operation of the switching power supply device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The switching element 10 connected to the primary winding 7a of the transformer 7 performs a switching operation by inputting a pulse waveform from the switching control circuit 11 to the gate. That is, when the H level is input to the gate of the switching element 10, it is turned on, and when the L level is input, it is turned off. When the switching element 10 is turned on / off, a DC voltage is intermittently applied to the primary winding 7 a, a voltage is induced in the secondary winding 7 b of the transformer 7, and the output voltage is rectified and smoothed by the rectifying and smoothing 15. It becomes. At this time, the switching control circuit 11 outputs a pulse while performing known PWM control based on the feedback signal sent from the output voltage detection circuit 18. That is, in order to stabilize the output voltage, the pulse is periodically output while increasing or decreasing the conduction width of the pulse input to the gate of the switching element 10. The switching control circuit 11 monitors the primary current detected by the current detection circuit 13 and sets the OCP point based on the set voltage Vref output from the OCP point variable circuit 12.

  Here, the operation of the OCP point variable circuit 12 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Note that the forward voltage drop of the diode 25 is not considered for convenience of explanation.

  When the input voltage Vin is gradually increased from AC0V, the divided voltage Vd generated between both ends of the resistor 28 is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 30. In the interval of AC0V <Vin <V1, When the resistors 20, 21, 27, and 28 are set so that the Zener voltage Vz1 is higher than the voltage Vd, the voltage determined by the Zener voltage Vz1 becomes the set voltage Vref that is the output voltage of the operational amplifier 30 during this period. That is, the Zener voltage Vz1 determines the first reference value that defines the lower limit of the set voltage Vref and thus the OCP operating point.

  In the section of V1 ≦ Vin <V2, the divided voltage Vd becomes the set voltage Vref by setting the resistors 20, 21, 27, and 28 so that the divided voltage Vd exceeds the Zener voltage Vz1. In this section, the set voltage Vref increases or decreases in proportion to the divided voltage Vd and thus the input voltage Vin. Accordingly, the resistors 21, 27 and 28 for increasing or decreasing the divided voltage Vd in proportion to the input voltage Vin correspond to the operating point variable means in this embodiment.

  When the input voltage Vin reaches the second reference voltage V 2, the series resistance voltage of the resistors 27 and 28 is set to be higher than the Zener voltage Vz 2 of the Zener diode 26. Clamped by the voltage value of the zener voltage Vz2. Therefore, in the section of V2 ≦ Vin, the Zener voltage Vz2 divided by the resistors 27 and 28 becomes the divided voltage Vd, and the set voltage Vref is determined by this voltage. That is, the Zener voltage Vz2 determines the second reference value that defines the set voltage Vref and thus the upper limit of the OCP operating point.

  Then, for example, when an overcurrent occurs due to a sudden load change such as an output short circuit and the primary side current reaches the OCP point set by the set voltage Vref, the switching control circuit 11 performs, for example, a constant current drooping characteristic or a switchback characteristic. The output voltage and output current are controlled by a known control method. Since the OCP point is changed by the OCP point variable circuit 12 in accordance with the input voltage Vin, for example, even in a two-input switching power supply device rated at AC100V and AC200V, an overload state is excessive at a low input voltage. Load current is limited, and stress on the components used can be reduced. Further, since the OCP point variable circuit 12 can be simply provided with the Zener diodes 24 and 26, the variation of the OCP point can be limited within a desired range. The point does not fluctuate excessively, the overcurrent protection can be functioned within the safe operation region, and the output of the switching power supply device 1 can be stabilized.

  As described above, in the switching power supply device 1 according to the present embodiment, the resistors 21, 27, and 28 as operating point variable means for raising and lowering the operating point of overcurrent protection according to the input voltage Vin and the first reference value are equivalent. Zener diode 24 as a lower limit means for suppressing the lowering of the operating point from the Zener voltage Vz1, and a Zener diode as an upper limit means for suppressing the increase of the operating point from the Zener voltage Vz2 corresponding to the second reference value And 26.

  In this way, the operating point of overcurrent protection can be changed instead of a constant value, so that excessive load current in an overload condition is limited at low input voltage, stress on the components used, especially in the previous stage Even when an active filter such as a PFC is used, PFC component stress can be alleviated and the OCP point can be varied within a desired range, so that even if the input voltage Vin increases or decreases significantly, The OCP point does not fluctuate excessively, the overcurrent protection can be functioned within the safe operation region, and the output of the switching power supply device 1 can be stabilized. As described above, the parts selected under the worst conditions can be selected under appropriate conditions, and the size can be reduced. In addition, overcurrent protection can be functioned in the safe operation region, and the output of the switching power supply device 1 can be stabilized.

  In the switching power supply 1 of the present embodiment, the operating point variable means is resistors 21, 27, and 28 that increase or decrease the operating point setting voltage Vref according to the input voltage Vin, and the lower limit means is a constant voltage. The Zener diode 24 generates the Zener voltage Vz1 and sets it to the set voltage Vref, and the upper limit means is a Zener diode 26 as a constant voltage element that suppresses the rise of the set voltage Vref from the Zener voltage Vz2.

  In this manner, the set voltage Vref at the operating point that is increased or decreased by the resistors 21, 27, 28 is lower than the zener diode even if the resistors 21, 27, 28 lower the set voltage Vref below the zener voltage Vz1. Since the Zener voltage Vz1 is supplied as the set voltage Vref by 24 and clamped to the Zener voltage Vz2 by the Zener diode 26 on the upper limit side, the operating point of the overcurrent protection can be changed within a desired range with a simple configuration. Can do. Accordingly, the operating point of overcurrent protection can be changed within a desired range with a simple configuration.

  A preferred second embodiment of the switching power supply according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same location as 1st Example, and description of a common part overlaps and it abbreviate | omits as much as possible.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a limit value adjusting means 40 including a variable resistor 35 and a resistance value adjusting means 36 is provided. That is, the variable resistor 35 is inserted between the cathode (or resistor 27) of the diode 25 and the resistor 28 (or the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 30), and the resistance value adjusting means 36 is connected to the diode bridge 5 and the PFC circuit 6. The resistance value adjusting means 36 is configured to change the resistance value of the variable resistor 35 in accordance with the input voltage Vin. As a specific configuration of the limit value adjusting means 40, for example, the variable resistor 35 is a bipolar transistor, and the resistance value adjusting means 36 uses an operational amplifier or a resistor to adjust the base voltage of the transistor according to the input voltage Vin. Thus, the current flowing into the resistor 28 may be controlled.

  Further, when the resistance values of the resistors 21, 27, 28 and the variable resistor 35 are in a relationship of V1 <V2 (V1 is the first reference voltage and V2 is the second reference voltage), the input voltage Vin is Until 0V <Vin <V1, the Zener voltage Vz1 of the Zener diode 24 divides the input voltage Vin (the voltage across the capacitor 22) by the resistors 21 and 27 and the combined resistance of the resistor 28 and the variable resistor 35. The voltage dividing ratio of the resistors 21, 27, 28 and the variable resistor 35 is determined so as to be higher than the voltage Vd2 generated between both ends of the series circuit of the resistor 28 and the variable resistor 35. Further, when V2 ≦ Vin, the resistors 21, 27, 28, and the variable resistor 35 are set so that the voltage across the resistor 28 and the series circuit of the resistors 27, 28 and the variable resistor 35 is clamped to the Zener voltage Vz2 of the Zener diode 26. The value of is determined.

  Next, the operation of the switching power supply device according to this embodiment will be described.

  The switching element 10 connected to the primary winding 7a of the transformer 7 performs a switching operation by inputting a pulse waveform from the switching control circuit 11 to the gate. When the switching element 10 is turned on / off, a DC voltage is intermittently applied to the primary winding 7 a, a voltage is induced in the secondary winding 7 b of the transformer 7, and the output voltage is rectified and smoothed by the rectifying and smoothing 15. It becomes. At this time, the switching control circuit 11 outputs a pulse while performing known PWM control based on the feedback signal sent from the output voltage detection circuit 18. The switching control circuit 11 monitors the primary current detected by the current detection circuit 13 and sets the OCP point based on the set voltage Vref output from the OCP point variable circuit 12.

  Here, the operation of the OCP point variable circuit 12 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the DC voltage converted by the diode bridge 5 and the PFC circuit 6 with respect to the input voltage Vin. FIG. 6 is a graph showing various voltages with respect to the input voltage Vin, 50 is a Zener voltage Vz1, 51 is a voltage Vd2, and 52 is a divided voltage Vd (or a set voltage Vref).

  When the input voltage Vin is gradually increased from AC0V, the divided voltage Vd, which is a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage Vd2 by the variable resistor 35 and the resistor 28, is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 30. In the section of AC0V <Vin <V1, the Zener voltage Vz1 is higher than the voltage Vd2, and thus the Zener voltage Vz1 remains as it is as the voltage Vd2. Since the set voltage Vref which is the output voltage of the operational amplifier 30 is determined by the divided voltage Vd, by changing the resistance value of the variable resistor 35, the divided voltage Vd and thus the set voltage Vref are changed according to the voltage dividing ratio. Can do. In particular, in this embodiment, the resistance value of the variable resistor 35 is changed so that the set voltage Vref decreases as the input voltage Vin decreases so that the OCP operating point does not become too far from the rated current at low voltage. . The direction in which the set voltage Vref is increased or decreased in accordance with the increase or decrease in the input voltage Vin is not particularly limited. For example, the resistance value of the variable resistor 35 is changed so that the set voltage Vref is increased in accordance with the decrease in the input voltage Vin. You may let them.

  In the section of V1 ≦ Vin <V2, the voltage Vd2 exceeds the Zener voltage Vz1, and the divided voltage Vd obtained by dividing the voltage Vd2 becomes the set voltage Vref. In this section, the set voltage Vref increases or decreases in proportion to the divided voltage Vd and thus the input voltage Vin. Accordingly, the resistors 21, 27 and 28 (including the resistance of the variable resistor 35) that increase or decrease the divided voltage Vd in proportion to the input voltage Vin correspond to the operating point variable means in this embodiment. When the input voltage Vin reaches the second reference voltage V2, the series resistance voltage of the resistors 27 and 28 and the variable resistor 35 becomes higher than the Zener voltage Vz2 of the Zener diode 26. Clamped with a voltage value of Vz2. Therefore, in the section of V2 ≦ Vin, the divided voltage Vd is obtained by dividing the Zener voltage Vz2 by the combined resistance of the resistor 27 and the variable resistor 35 and the resistor 28, and the set voltage Vref is determined by this voltage. Here, similarly to the section of AC0V <Vin <V1, the divided voltage Vd and thus the set voltage Vref can be changed according to the voltage dividing ratio by changing the resistance value of the variable resistor 35.

  In the present embodiment, by providing the limit value adjusting means 40, the set voltage Vref is fixed by the set voltage Vref, and thus the Zener voltage Vz1 that defines the lower limit value of the OCP point, and the Zener voltage Vz2 that defines the upper limit value ( Even if it becomes a constant value), the limit value adjusting means 40 can adjust the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the OCP point. In particular, in this embodiment, the OCP point is set to the Zener voltage Vz1 by adjusting the setting voltage Vref defined by the Zener diode 24 and thus the lower limit value and upper limit value of the OCP point according to the input voltage Vin. Since it can be changed from a constant value outside the range from the zener voltage Vz2 to the zener voltage Vz2, conditions such as overcurrent can be finely changed according to the input conditions and the OCP point is outside the above range. It is possible to relieve stress on the components used even under input conditions. It is possible to relax the selection conditions of the used parts that change according to the input conditions and the like.

  Then, for example, when an overcurrent occurs due to a sudden load change such as an output short circuit and the primary side current reaches the OCP point set by the set voltage Vref, the switching control circuit 11 performs, for example, a constant current drooping characteristic or a switchback characteristic. The output voltage and output current are controlled by a known control method.

  As described above, in the switching power supply device 1 of this embodiment, limit value adjusting means for adjusting the lower limit value and / or upper limit value of the OCP point defined by the Zener diode 24 and / or the Zener diode 26 in accordance with the input voltage Vin. It has 40.

  In this way, the OCP point can be changed instead of a constant value even outside the range from the Zener voltage Vz1 to the Zener voltage Vz2, so that conditions such as overcurrent can be finely changed in accordance with input conditions and the like. It is possible to relieve stress on the parts used even under input conditions where the OCP point is outside the above range. Therefore, it is possible to relax the selection conditions of the used parts that change according to the input conditions and the like.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, It can change in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention. The waveform may be shaped by attaching a filter to the output stage of the operational amplifier 30 to suppress instantaneous fluctuations, or by inverting the waveform with a subtractor or the like. Further, the OCP point variable circuit 12 may be constituted by one IC (integrated circuit) or the like.

It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the switching power supply in 1st Example of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the OCP point variable circuit with which a switching power supply is provided. FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing changes in the set voltage Vref with respect to the input voltage Vin. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the OCP point variable circuit with which the switching power supply in 2nd Example of this invention is provided. FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing changes in the input voltage Vin. FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing voltage changes at respective points with respect to an input voltage Vin.

Explanation of symbols

1 Switching power supply
21 Resistance (operating point variable means)
24 Zener diode (lower limit means)
26 Zener diode (upper limit means)
27, 28 resistance (operating point variable means)
40 Limit value adjustment means

Claims (3)

An operating point variable means for raising and lowering the operating point of overcurrent protection according to the input voltage, a lower limit means for suppressing a decrease in the operating point from the first reference value, and the operating point from the second reference value A switching power supply comprising an upper limit means for suppressing the rise. The operating point variable means increases or decreases a set voltage of the operating point according to an input voltage, and the lower limit means generates a constant voltage having a first reference value as the set voltage. 2. The switching power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the upper limit means is a constant voltage element that suppresses an increase of the set voltage from a second reference value. 2. A limit value adjusting means for adjusting a lower limit value and / or an upper limit value of the operating point defined by the lower limit means and / or the upper limit means according to the input voltage. Item 3. The switching power supply device according to Item 2.

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