JP2006206403A - Spray material and spray construction method using the same - Google Patents
Spray material and spray construction method using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006206403A JP2006206403A JP2005022893A JP2005022893A JP2006206403A JP 2006206403 A JP2006206403 A JP 2006206403A JP 2005022893 A JP2005022893 A JP 2005022893A JP 2005022893 A JP2005022893 A JP 2005022893A JP 2006206403 A JP2006206403 A JP 2006206403A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- parts
- cement
- spray
- spraying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 47
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- -1 alkylene glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011433 polymer cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMMTVYUCEFJZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-pentanetriol Chemical compound OCCC(O)CCO LMMTVYUCEFJZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWMWNFMRSKOCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol Chemical compound OCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PWMWNFMRSKOCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZONJATNKKGGVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14-methylpentadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZONJATNKKGGVSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-melezitose Natural products O1C(CO)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-OBAJZVCXSA-N Gentianose Natural products O(C[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-OBAJZVCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N Isomaltose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N L-(-)-Sorbose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000853 cresyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C(C=C1)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-WSCXOGSTSA-N gentianose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-WSCXOGSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N isomaltose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O1 DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N isosorbide dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](O[N+](=O)[O-])CO[C@@H]21 MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-WSCXOGSTSA-N melezitose Chemical compound O([C@@]1(O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O)CO)CO)[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O QWIZNVHXZXRPDR-WSCXOGSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003823 mortar mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N ribitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-ZXFHETKHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229950004959 sorbitan oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、特に土木及び建築分野におけるコンクリート構造物を補修・補強するための吹付け材料及びそれを用いた吹付け工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a spraying material for repairing / reinforcing concrete structures in the field of civil engineering and construction, and a spraying method using the same.
コンクリート構造物は、塩害、中性化、凍結融解、及び化学的腐食等の作用により劣化が進行すると、表面にひび割れや浮き等が発生する。また、繰返し載荷による疲労や火害を受けることでもひび割れや爆裂等によるコンクリート片のはく落が発生する。その対策として、劣化した部分を打音検査等で確認し、電動ピック、エアピック、ウォータージェット等により取り除き、新たに補修部材で充填し補修する工事が行われている。
このような補修工事では、修復断面積が広い場合は吹付け工法が多く適用される。吹付けによる施工方法は、一般的に、練り混ぜたモルタルをポンプで圧送し、圧縮空気と混合し、モルタルを吹き飛ばして施工する方法であり、システムが機械化されているので施工スピードが速く、補修断面への付着性に優れ、鉄筋裏側への密実な充填も可能という利点がある。
When the concrete structure deteriorates due to salt damage, neutralization, freezing and thawing, chemical corrosion, or the like, the surface is cracked or floated. In addition, even when subjected to fatigue or fire damage due to repeated loading, concrete pieces are peeled off due to cracks or explosions. As countermeasures, a construction is performed in which a deteriorated portion is confirmed by a hammering inspection or the like, removed by an electric pick, an air pick, a water jet, or the like, and newly repaired with a repair member.
In such repair work, spraying methods are often applied when the repair cross-sectional area is wide. The construction method by spraying is generally a method in which mortar that has been kneaded is pumped with a pump, mixed with compressed air, and blown off the mortar. The system is mechanized, so the construction speed is fast and repairs are performed. It has the advantage that it has excellent adhesion to the cross section and can be densely filled on the back side of the reinforcing bar.
吹付け工法においては、モルタルとしては、ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０３に規定されたポリマーエマルジョンを含有するポリマーセメントモルタルが使われる場合が多い。
ポリマーエマルジョンを混和することにより、耐久性を向上させたり、付着力を向上させたり、粉塵やリバウンドを低減させたりする効果を付与できるが、ポリマーエマルジョンは高価な材料であり吹付けモルタルとして高価である。また、ポリマーエマルジョンを混和した吹付け材料の１層あたりの吹付け厚みは、天井面に吹き付けた場合５０ｍｍ未満であり、それ以上厚みを増すとダレや剥がれが発生したりする。
一方、吹付け厚みを増すため、ポリマーセメントモルタルにセメントの硬化を促進する急結剤を添加する吹付け方法があり、５０ｍｍ以上の厚付けが可能である。安定した厚付け性を確保するためには急結剤の添加が必須であり、急結剤を使用しないで安定した厚付け性を確保することは困難である。
In the spraying method, a polymer cement mortar containing a polymer emulsion specified in JIS A 6203 is often used as the mortar.
Mixing polymer emulsions can improve durability, improve adhesion, and reduce dust and rebound, but polymer emulsions are expensive materials and expensive as spray mortar. is there. Moreover, the spraying thickness per layer of the spray material mixed with the polymer emulsion is less than 50 mm when sprayed on the ceiling surface, and if the thickness is further increased, sagging or peeling may occur.
On the other hand, in order to increase the spraying thickness, there is a spraying method in which a quick setting agent for promoting hardening of the cement is added to the polymer cement mortar, and a thickness of 50 mm or more is possible. In order to ensure stable thickening properties, it is essential to add a quick setting agent, and it is difficult to ensure stable thickening properties without using a quick setting agent.
また、ポリマーエマルジョンを含有しないセメントモルタルに急結剤を混入する技術も知られており、５０ｍｍ以上の厚付けが可能であるが、トンネル等の一次覆工、地山崩落防止、のり面保護等の用途に限られている。また、補修材料の長期的な耐久性能は求められていないのが実情である。 Also known is the technology of mixing quick setting agent into cement mortar that does not contain polymer emulsion, and it is possible to thicken more than 50mm, but primary lining of tunnels, prevention of collapse of ground, protection of slope, etc. The use is limited. In fact, the long-term durability performance of repair materials is not required.
ポリマーエマルジョンを含まなくてもホルマイト系鉱物やモンモリロナイト系鉱物を配合することで急結剤を併用しなくても、吹付け材料としてダレやリバウンドを少なくできる技術も知られている。
例えば、セメント：砂：フライアッシュまたはスラグ微粉末＝１：２．７：０．１〜４．０：１．０であるモルタルに対して、ホルマイト系鉱物の解砕物が対セメント重量比で０．５〜５．０％で含有され、さらに減水剤が対セメント重量比で０．５〜５．０％で含有する吹付け材料（特許文献１参照）。
また、水硬性セメント１００重量部に対して細骨材１００〜４００重量部およびモンモリロナイト鉱物０．０１〜１０重量部とを含有する吹付け材料（特許文献２参照）。
さらに、従来工法の場合、１回あたりの塗り厚さは壁面で２０〜４０ｍｍ、天井面で１０〜２０ｍｍ程度であり多層塗りをしなければならないので、これを改善した補修用セメント組成物（特許文献３参照）。
For example, crushed material of holmite mineral is 0 by weight ratio of cement to cement with respect to mortar in which cement: sand: fly ash or fine slag powder is 1: 2.7: 0.1 to 4.0: 1.0. A spraying material containing 0.5 to 5.0%, and further containing a water reducing agent at a weight ratio of 0.5 to 5.0% (see Patent Document 1).
Moreover, the spraying material containing 100-400 weight part of fine aggregates and 0.01-10 weight part of montmorillonite minerals with respect to 100 weight part of hydraulic cements (refer patent document 2).
Furthermore, in the case of the conventional construction method, the coating thickness per time is about 20 to 40 mm on the wall surface and about 10 to 20 mm on the ceiling surface, and it is necessary to apply a multilayer coating. Reference 3).
従来、吹付け工法に補修モルタルとして、通常使用されている前記のポリマーセメントモルタルでは、一回の吹付け厚さは４０ｍｍ以下であり、修復深さが深ければ吹付けたモルタルがある程度硬くなってから数回に分割して吹き付けて断面を修復しなければならなかった。特に９０ｍｍ以上の吹付け厚さを確保するためには急結剤を併用する必要があった。
さらに、ポリマーエマルジョンは高価な材料であり、補修モルタル自体のコストも高くなる等の課題があった。また、ポリマーエマルジョンを含まず急結剤を併用する場合は、耐久性能が一般コンクリートに比べ劣るという課題があった。
また、急結剤を併用しない場合、ホルマイト系鉱物やモンモリロナイト系鉱物を配合することでダレやリバウンドが減り厚付け性は良好になるが、補修材料としての耐久性能や、天井面でも安定して９０ｍｍ以上厚付けできる性能を持つ材料がなかった。
Conventionally, the above-mentioned polymer cement mortar usually used as a repair mortar for spraying method has a spraying thickness of 40 mm or less. If the repair depth is deep, the sprayed mortar becomes somewhat hard. It was necessary to repair the cross section by spraying it several times. In particular, in order to ensure a spraying thickness of 90 mm or more, it was necessary to use a quick setting agent together.
Further, the polymer emulsion is an expensive material, and there is a problem that the cost of the repair mortar itself is increased. Moreover, when not using polymer emulsion and using a quick setting agent together, there existed a subject that durability performance was inferior compared with general concrete.
In addition, when not using a quick-setting agent, blending with holmite minerals and montmorillonite minerals reduces sagging and rebound and improves thickness, but durability performance as a repair material and stability on the ceiling surface are also stable. There was no material with the ability to thicken 90 mm or more.
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、特定の材料を組み合わせることにより、ポリマーエマルジョンを含まず安価で耐久性能に優れ、急結剤を併用しなくても１回の吹き付けで９０ｍｍ以上の厚付けが可能である、吹付け材料及び吹付け工法を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have combined a specific material, so that the polymer emulsion is not included and is inexpensive and excellent in durability performance. A spraying material and a spraying method that can be thickened by 90 mm or more by one spraying have been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、前記課題を解決するために、次のような構成をとるものである。
（１）セメント、ポゾラン微粉末、ヘクトライト、骨材の砂、及び軽量骨材を含有する吹付け材料。
（２）セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂１００〜２６０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対してかさ密度０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以下の軽量骨材を２〜１５質量部含有する（１）の吹付け材料。
（３）高分子増粘剤を含有する（１）または（２）の吹付け材料。
（４）膨張材を含有する（１）〜（３）のいずれかの吹付け材料。
（５）収縮低減剤を含有する（１）〜（４）のいずれかの吹付け材料。
（６）収縮低減剤が粉末状ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体で、その一般式がＸ{Ｏ(ＡＯ)ｎＲ}ｍで示され、Ｘが２〜８個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基、ＡＯが炭素数２〜１８のオキシアルキレン基、Ｒが水素原子、炭素数１〜１８の炭化水素基、又は炭素数２〜１８のアシル基、ｎが３０〜１０００、ｍが２〜８で、前記オキシアルキレン基の６０モル％以上がオキシエチレン基である（５）に記載の吹付け材料。
（７）流動化剤及び／又は空気連行剤を含有する（１）〜（６）のいずれかの吹付け材料。
（８）繊維を含有する（１）〜（７）のいずれかの吹付け材料。
（９）凝結促進剤を含有する（１）〜（８）のいずれかの吹付け材料。
（１０）（１）〜（９）のいずれかの吹付け材料を用いて１層あたりの吹付け厚さが９０ｍｍ以上である吹付け工法。
（１１）（１）〜（９）のいずれかの吹付け材料を用いて補修したコンクリート。
That is, this invention takes the following structures in order to solve the said subject.
(1) A spray material containing cement, pozzolanic fine powder, hectorite, aggregate sand, and lightweight aggregate.
(2) 100 to 260 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, and 2 to 15 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with a bulk density of 0.7 g / cm 3 or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand ( Spray material of 1).
(3) The spray material of (1) or (2) containing a polymer thickener.
(4) The spray material according to any one of (1) to (3), which contains an expansion material.
(5) The spray material according to any one of (1) to (4), which contains a shrinkage reducing agent.
(6) The shrinkage reducing agent is a powdered polyoxyalkylene derivative, the general formula of which is X {O (AO) nR} m, X is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and AO is carbon. An oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, R is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 30 to 1000, m is 2 to 8, The spraying material according to (5), wherein 60 mol% or more of the groups are oxyethylene groups.
(7) The spray material according to any one of (1) to (6), which contains a fluidizing agent and / or an air entraining agent.
(8) The spray material according to any one of (1) to (7), which contains fibers.
(9) The spray material according to any one of (1) to (8), which contains a setting accelerator.
(10) A spraying method in which the spraying thickness per layer is 90 mm or more using the spraying material according to any one of (1) to (9).
(11) Concrete repaired using the spray material of any one of (1) to (9).
本発明では、急結剤を併用しなくても１回の吹付けで厚付けが可能となるから、施工スピードを短縮化できる。膨張材、収縮低減剤、繊維を使用することで、硬化収縮が防止され、大幅にひび割れ発生を低減することができる。また、中性化抵抗性や塩化物イオン浸透抵抗性が良好であり、空気連行剤を併用することで凍結融解抵抗性もより向上できる。さらに、流動化剤、凝結促進剤を併用することでポンプ圧送性やコテ仕上げスピードをより向上することができる。 In the present invention, since the thickening can be performed by one spraying without using the quick setting agent, the construction speed can be shortened. By using an expanding material, a shrinkage reducing agent, and a fiber, curing shrinkage can be prevented and the occurrence of cracks can be greatly reduced. Moreover, neutralization resistance and chloride ion penetration resistance are favorable, and freeze-thaw resistance can be further improved by using an air entraining agent in combination. Further, the use of a fluidizing agent and a setting accelerator together can further improve the pumpability and the finishing speed.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明で使用するセメントは、特に限定されるものではないが、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１０に規定されている各種ポルトランドセメント、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１１、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１２、及びＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１３に規定された各種混合セメント、ＪＩＳに規定された以上の混和材混入率で製造した高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント及びシリカセメント、石灰石粉末等を混合したフィラーセメント、アルミナセメントから選ばれる１種又は２種以上などが挙げられる。 The cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but various portland cements defined in JIS R 5210, various mixed cements defined in JIS R 5211, JIS R 5212, and JIS R 5213, JIS And blast furnace cement, fly ash cement and silica cement, filler cement mixed with limestone powder, alumina cement, and the like, which are manufactured at the admixture mixing rate specified in the above.
本発明で使用するポゾラン微粉末は、チクソトロピック性の付与や硬化組織の緻密性を改善するもので、例えば、高炉水砕スラグ、高炉徐冷スラグ、転炉スラグ等のスラグ類、シリカフューム、フライアッシュ、その他、火山灰に代表される天然ポゾラン活性物質が挙げられる。さらに、塩化物イオン浸透抵抗性の向上効果を考慮すると高炉水砕スラグ、高炉徐冷スラグ、これらの混合物の使用が好ましい。
ポゾラン微粉末の粒度は、特に限定されるものではないが、３０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上が好ましい。
The pozzolanic fine powder used in the present invention improves thixotropic properties and improves the compactness of the hardened structure. For example, blast furnace granulated slag, blast furnace slow-cooled slag, slag such as converter slag, silica fume, fly Ash and other natural pozzolanic active substances represented by volcanic ash. Furthermore, considering the improvement effect of chloride ion penetration resistance, it is preferable to use blast furnace granulated slag, blast furnace slow-cooled slag, and a mixture thereof.
The particle size of the pozzolanic fine powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3000 cm 2 / g or more.
ポゾラン微粉末の使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して３〜２０質量部が好ましく、５〜１５質量部がより好ましい。３質量部未満では、チクソトロピック性の付与が不十分であり、２０質量部を越えるとチクソトロピック性が高すぎ流動性を確保することが難しくなる。 The amount of the pozzolanic fine powder used is preferably 3 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. If the amount is less than 3 parts by mass, the thixotropic property is not sufficiently imparted. If the amount exceeds 20 parts by mass, the thixotropic property is too high, and it becomes difficult to ensure fluidity.
本発明で使用するヘクトライトは、層状粘土鉱物の一種で層間に水分子を伴った各種イオンを取り込むことが可能であり、そのイオンが交換性を有したり、有機物との複合体を形成したり、膨潤性能を有する等の特徴をもつスメクタイト系粘土鉱物である。他のスメクタイト系粘度鉱物よりも流動性を阻害しにくく、ダレ防止、沈降防止に優れた効果を発揮する。ヘクトライトの粒子径は最大で１５０μｍ以下が好ましい。粒子径が１５０μｍを越えるとチクソトロピック性の付与が不十分となる場合がある。 Hectorite used in the present invention is a kind of layered clay mineral that can take in various ions with water molecules between layers, and the ions have exchangeability or form a complex with organic matter. Or a smectite clay mineral with features such as swelling performance. It is less likely to inhibit fluidity than other smectite-based viscosity minerals, and exhibits excellent effects in preventing dripping and sedimentation. The maximum particle size of hectorite is preferably 150 μm or less. If the particle diameter exceeds 150 μm, the thixotropic property may be insufficiently provided.
ヘクトライトの使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して０．０２〜５質量部が好ましく、０．０６〜３質量部がより好ましい。０．０２質量部未満では、チクソトロピック性付与が不十分であり、５質量部を越えると流動性を阻害する場合がある。 The amount of hectorite used is preferably 0.02 to 5 parts by mass and more preferably 0.06 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. If the amount is less than 0.02 parts by mass, the thixotropic property is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 5 parts by mass, the fluidity may be impaired.
本発明で骨材として使用する砂は、かさ密度０．７ｇ／ｍ３を越えるものであり、通常、川、山、及び海から産出する天然骨材、並びにこれらの２種以上を併用した混合骨材等が使用できる。
骨材は施工する現場で混合してもよいが、予めセメントと混合しておく場合は、骨材を乾燥させた乾燥骨材を使用すればよい。
Sand used as an aggregate in the present invention has a bulk density exceeding 0.7 g / m 3 , and is usually a natural aggregate produced from rivers, mountains and seas, and a mixture of these two or more in combination. Aggregates can be used.
The aggregate may be mixed at the construction site, but when it is mixed with cement in advance, a dry aggregate obtained by drying the aggregate may be used.
骨材の使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して５０〜２６０質量部が好ましい。５０質量部未満では吹き付けたときにダレが多くなる場合があり、２６０質量部を越えると跳ね返りが多くなる場合がある。 As for the usage-amount of aggregate, 50-260 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of cement. If it is less than 50 parts by mass, dripping may increase when sprayed, and if it exceeds 260 parts by mass, rebound may increase.
本発明で使用する軽量骨材は、かさ密度０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以下のものであり、吹き付けた直後のダレを防止するためにモルタル密度を低減する目的で使用する。
軽量骨材の種類としては，特に限定されるものではないが、火力発電所から発生するフライアッシュバルーン，シラスシラスバルーン、黒曜石等の天然材料を原料とし焼成した発泡体、廃ガラス等のリサイクル材料を原料とし焼成したものが挙げられ、かさ密度０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以下のものであれば使用できる。
The lightweight aggregate used in the present invention has a bulk density of 0.7 g / cm 3 or less, and is used for the purpose of reducing the mortar density in order to prevent sagging immediately after spraying.
There are no particular restrictions on the type of lightweight aggregate, but recycled materials such as foam and waste glass fired from natural materials such as fly ash balloons, shirasu shirasu balloons and obsidian generated from thermal power plants. Can be used if it has a bulk density of 0.7 g / cm 3 or less.
軽量骨材の使用量は、砂１００質量部に対して２〜１５質量部が好ましく、４〜１０質量部がより好ましい。２質量部未満では、モルタル密度を十分に低減することができず、１５質量部を越えると流動性に悪影響を与える場合がある。 2-15 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of sand, and, as for the usage-amount of a lightweight aggregate, 4-10 mass parts is more preferable. If it is less than 2 parts by mass, the mortar density cannot be sufficiently reduced, and if it exceeds 15 parts by mass, the fluidity may be adversely affected.
本発明で使用する高分子増粘剤は、モルタルの粘度を調整するものであり、特に限定されるものではないが、一般に水溶性高分子物質と呼ばれているもので、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸やそのナトリウム塩やカリウム塩、及びポリエチレンオキサイド等が挙げられ、モルタルが跳ね返ったり、脱落したりするのを防止したり、圧送時のモルタルの滑りを良くするために使用される。 The polymer thickener used in the present invention adjusts the viscosity of the mortar and is not particularly limited, but is generally referred to as a water-soluble polymer substance, such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, Polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and its sodium and potassium salts, polyethylene oxide, etc. are mentioned, and it is used to prevent the mortar from bouncing off and falling off, and to improve the sliding of the mortar during pumping. The
高分子増粘剤の使用量は、通常、セメント１００質量部に対して０．０２〜０．５質量部であり、０．０５〜０．３質量部がより好ましい。０．０２質量部未満ではモルタルの跳ね返りを低減することが難しく、０．５質量部を越えるとその効果の向上が期待できない場合がある。 The usage-amount of a polymer thickener is 0.02-0.5 mass part normally with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, and 0.05-0.3 mass part is more preferable. If it is less than 0.02 parts by mass, it is difficult to reduce the rebound of the mortar, and if it exceeds 0.5 parts by mass, the improvement of the effect may not be expected.
本発明で使用する膨張材は、モルタルの乾燥による硬化収縮を低減するために使用されるもので、特に限定されるものではないが、アウイン系、カルシウムアルミノフェライト系、石灰系等のものが挙げられる。 The expansion material used in the present invention is used to reduce curing shrinkage due to drying of the mortar, and is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include Auin, calcium aluminoferrite, and lime. It is done.
膨張材の使用量は、通常、セメント１００質量部に対して１〜１０質量部が好ましく２〜８質量部がより好ましい。１．０質量部未満では硬化収縮を抑制する効果が十分でなく、１０質量部を超えて配合してもその効果の向上が少ない。 The amount of the expansion material used is usually preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass and more preferably 2 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. If the amount is less than 1.0 part by mass, the effect of suppressing curing shrinkage is not sufficient, and even if the amount exceeds 10 parts by mass, the improvement in the effect is small.
本発明で使用する収縮低減剤は、特に限定されるものではないが、ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体が好ましく、その一般式がＸ{Ｏ(ＡＯ)ｎＲ}ｍで示され、Ｘは２〜８個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基、ＡＯは炭素数２〜１８のオキシアルキレン基、Ｒは水素原子、炭素数１〜１８の炭化水素基、又は炭素数２〜１８のアシル基、ｎは３０〜１０００、ｍは２〜８であり、オキシアルキレン基の６０モル％以上はオキシエチレン基であるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体からなるものである。
ｎの値が３０未満であると融点が低くなり粉体で使用することが難しくなり、ｎの値が１０００を超えると粘度が高くなり製造が難しくなる。
オキシエチレン基が６０モル％未満であると融点が低くなり粉体で使用することが難しくなり、セメント溶液中での溶解性が悪くなる。
The shrinkage reducing agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a polyoxyalkylene derivative, the general formula of which is represented by X {O (AO) nR} m, and X is 2-8. Residue of a compound having a hydroxyl group, AO is an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, R is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 30 to 1000 , M is 2 to 8, and 60 mol% or more of the oxyalkylene group is composed of a polyoxyalkylene derivative which is an oxyethylene group.
When the value of n is less than 30, the melting point becomes low and it becomes difficult to use it in powder form. When the value of n exceeds 1000, the viscosity becomes high and the production becomes difficult.
If the oxyethylene group is less than 60 mol%, the melting point becomes low, making it difficult to use in powder form, and the solubility in the cement solution becomes poor.
一般式Ｘ{Ｏ(ＡＯ)ｎＲ}ｍにおいて、Ｘは２〜８個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基であるが、水酸基を２〜８個有する化合物としては、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、スチレングリコール、炭素数８〜１８のアルキレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール等のグリコール類、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、ポリグリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、１，３，５−ペンタントリオール、エリスリトール、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ソルバイド、ソルビトールとグリセリンの縮合物、アドニトール、アラビトール、キシリトール、マンニトール等の多価アルコール類、あるいはそれらの部分エーテル化物、又はエステル化物、キシロース、アラビノース、リボース、ラムノース、グリコース、フルクトース、ガラクトース、マンノース、ソルボース、セロビオース、マルトース、イソマルトース、トレハロース、シュークロース、ラフィノース、ゲンチアノース、メレジトース等の糖類、あるいはそれらの部分エーテル化物又はエステル化物等が挙げられる。 In the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, X is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups. Examples of the compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol. , Hexylene glycol, styrene glycol, alkylene glycols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, glycols such as neopentyl glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, polyglycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, Erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbide, condensates of sorbitol and glycerin, polyhydric alcohols such as adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol, or partially etherified products thereof Or esterified products, xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, fructose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, melezitose, etc., or their partially etherified products or Examples include esterified products.
一般式Ｘ{Ｏ(ＡＯ)ｎＲ}ｍにおいて、ＡＯで示される炭素数２〜１８のオキシアルキレン基は、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、ブチレンオキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、炭素数６〜１８のα−オレフィンオキシド等に由来するもので、オキシエチレン基、オキシプロピレン基、オキシブチレン基、オキシテトラメチレン基、炭素数６〜１８のオキシアルキレン基等があり、２種以上が付加しているときは、ブロック状付加でもランダム状付加でもよい。 In the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, the oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms represented by AO is converted to ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, α-olefin oxide having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or the like. It is derived from oxyethylene group, oxypropylene group, oxybutylene group, oxytetramethylene group, oxyalkylene group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, etc. Random addition may be used.
上記一般式において、Ｒで示される炭素数１〜１８の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、アリル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、第三ブチル基、アミル基、イソアミル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、２−エチルヘキシル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、イソトリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、イソセチル基、オクタデシル基、イソステアリル基、オレイル基、ベンジル基、クレジル基、ブチルフェニル基、ジブチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基、スチレン化フェニル基等が挙げられる。 In the above general formula, the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R is methyl group, ethyl group, allyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tertiary butyl group, amyl group, Isoamyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, isotridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, isocetyl, octadecyl, isostearyl, oleyl Benzyl group, cresyl group, butylphenyl group, dibutylphenyl group, octylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group, dodecylphenyl group, styrenated phenyl group and the like.
また、同じくＲで示される炭素数２〜１８のアシル基としては、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、イソ酪酸、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、２−エチルヘキサン酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸，パルミチン酸、イソパルミチン酸、マーガリン酸、ステアリン酸、イソステアリン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、安息香酸等に由来するアシル基が挙げられる。 Similarly, as the acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic Examples include acyl groups derived from acids, palmitic acid, isopalmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, benzoic acid and the like.
収縮低減剤の使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して、１〜１０質量部が好ましく、２〜８質量部がより好ましい。１質量部未満では収縮低減効果が得られず、１０質量部を越えると強度発現が阻害される場合がある。 1-10 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, and, as for the usage-amount of a shrinkage reducing agent, 2-8 mass parts is more preferable. If the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the shrinkage reduction effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the strength expression may be inhibited.
本発明で使用する流動化剤は、特に限定されるものではないが、メラミン系，ナフタレン系、リグニン系、ポリカルボン酸系のものが挙げられ、モルタルの流動性の調整に使用される。 The fluidizing agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include melamine-based, naphthalene-based, lignin-based, and polycarboxylic acid-based ones, and are used for adjusting the fluidity of mortar.
流動化剤の使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して０．０２〜０．５質量部が好ましく、０．０６〜０．３質量部がより好ましい。０．０２質量部未満では、流動性を改善する効果が発揮されない場合があり、０．５質量部を越えると、流動性が良すぎ吹付けたときにダレや跳ね返りが多くなる場合がある。
本発明の流動化剤の混合方法は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、あらかじめセメントに、またはセメントや水に分散しておくことが好ましい。
0.02-0.5 mass part is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, and, as for the usage-amount of a fluidizing agent, 0.06-0.3 mass part is more preferable. If the amount is less than 0.02 parts by mass, the effect of improving the fluidity may not be exhibited. If the amount exceeds 0.5 parts by mass, the fluidity may be too good and dripping or rebound may increase.
Although the mixing method of the fluidizing agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, it is preferable that the fluidizing agent is previously dispersed in cement or in cement or water.
本発明で使用する空気連行剤は、練り混ぜたモルタルを軽くして圧送抵抗を低減したり、混入されるエントレインドエアの効果により凍結融解抵抗性をより向上する目的で使用する。空気連行剤の種類としては、特に限定されるものではなく、市販されているものが使用できる。例えば、ヴィンソル等の脂肪酸石鹸類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルサルフェート等の高級アルコール硫酸エステル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルやポリオキシアルキルフェニルエーテル等のエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンオレェート等のエステルエーテル類、ベタイン類、イミダゾリンベタイン類等が挙げられる。 The air-entraining agent used in the present invention is used for the purpose of reducing the pressure resistance by lightening the kneaded mortar or further improving the freeze-thaw resistance by the effect of the entrained entrained air. The type of air entraining agent is not particularly limited, and commercially available products can be used. For example, fatty acid soaps such as Vinsol, higher alcohol sulfate esters such as polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate, ethers such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and polyoxyalkyl phenyl ether, ester ethers such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate, Examples include betaines and imidazoline betaines.
空気連行剤の使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して０．０００５〜０．０５質量部が好ましく、０．００１〜０．０２質量部がより好ましい。０．０００５質量部未満では、空気の混入効果が小さく、０．０５質量部を越えると空気混入が多くなりすぎ強度発現性に悪影響を与える場合がある。 0.0005-0.05 mass part is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, and, as for the usage-amount of an air entraining agent, 0.001-0.02 mass part is more preferable. If it is less than 0.0005 parts by mass, the effect of air mixing is small, and if it exceeds 0.05 parts by mass, the air mixing becomes too much, which may adversely affect strength development.
本発明では、吹き付けたモルタルの曲げ耐力や初期ひび割れ抵抗性を向上させることを目的に繊維類を配合して使用することが可能である。
繊維の種類としては、ビニロン繊維やプロピレン繊維に代表される高分子繊維類、鋼繊維、ガラス繊維、及び炭素繊維に代表される無機繊維類が挙げられ、特に限定されるものではない。
In the present invention, it is possible to mix and use fibers for the purpose of improving the bending strength and initial crack resistance of the sprayed mortar.
Examples of the types of fibers include polymer fibers typified by vinylon fibers and propylene fibers, steel fibers, glass fibers, and inorganic fibers typified by carbon fibers, and are not particularly limited.
繊維の使用量は、非収束タイプの場合は、セメントモルタル１ｍ３に対して０．１〜１．５容積部が好ましく、０．２〜１．０容積部がより好ましい。０．１容積部未満では曲げ耐力を向上させる効果が発揮されない場合があり、１．５容積部を越えるとモルタルの流動性に悪影響を与える場合がある。収束タイプの場合は、０．０３〜０．５容量部が好ましく、０．０５〜０．３容量部がより好ましい。０．０３容量部未満では初期収縮ひび割れを抑制することが難しく、０．５容量部を越えると流動性を悪くする場合がある。繊維の長さは、収束及び非収束タイプ共に、ポンプ圧送性を考慮して３〜４０ｍｍが好ましい。 In the case of a non-converging type, the amount of the fiber used is preferably 0.1 to 1.5 parts by volume, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 part by volume with respect to 1 m 3 of cement mortar. If it is less than 0.1 volume part, the effect of improving the bending strength may not be exhibited, and if it exceeds 1.5 volume part, the flowability of the mortar may be adversely affected. In the case of the convergence type, 0.03 to 0.5 capacity part is preferable, and 0.05 to 0.3 capacity part is more preferable. If it is less than 0.03 part by volume, it is difficult to suppress initial shrinkage cracking, and if it exceeds 0.5 part by volume, fluidity may be deteriorated. The length of the fiber is preferably 3 to 40 mm in consideration of pumping ability for both the convergent and non-convergent types.
本発明で使用する凝結促進剤は、モルタルの凝結を促進させるものであり、練り混ぜてモルタルを圧送するのに支障のない程度に凝結を促進させるものである。
凝結促進剤の種類としては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムの炭酸塩、重炭酸塩、硫酸塩、ケイ酸塩、水酸化物、ギ酸塩、酢酸塩等が挙げられる．これらの中で，モルタルの練り混ぜや圧送に悪影響を与えにくい点でリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムのケイ酸塩やギ酸塩の使用が好ましい。
凝結促進剤の添加によりモルタルの練り混ぜや圧送に悪影響を与えても、有機酸やリン酸塩等の凝結遅延剤を併用することで改善できるのであれば凝結遅延剤と併用して使用してもよい。
The setting accelerator used in the present invention accelerates the setting of the mortar, and promotes the setting to such an extent that it does not hinder kneading and feeding the mortar.
Examples of the setting accelerator include lithium, sodium, potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, silicate, hydroxide, formate, acetate, and the like. Of these, the use of lithium, sodium and potassium silicates and formates is preferred because they do not adversely affect mortar mixing and pumping.
Use in combination with a set retarder if it can be improved by using a set retarder such as an organic acid or phosphate even if it adversely affects kneading and pumping of the mortar by adding a set accelerator. Also good.
凝結促進剤の使用量は、セメント１００質量部に対して０．１〜１質量部が好ましく、０．２〜０．８質量部がより好ましい。０．１質量部未満では、凝結を促進させる効果が十分に発揮できず、１質量部を越えると、モルタルの練り混ぜや圧送に悪影響を与える場合がある。 0.1-1 mass part is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, and, as for the usage-amount of a setting accelerator, 0.2-0.8 mass part is more preferable. If the amount is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect of promoting the setting cannot be sufficiently exhibited. If the amount exceeds 1 part by mass, the mortar may be mixed and pumped.
本発明では、必要に応じ、消泡剤、撥水剤、抗菌剤等の各種セメント混和剤を併用することが可能である。 In the present invention, various cement admixtures such as an antifoaming agent, a water repellent and an antibacterial agent can be used in combination as necessary.
本発明の吹付け材料と混合する水量は、モルタルのポンプ圧送性、吹付け性、及び硬化物性を考慮し、通常、骨材とプレミックスされたモルタル１００質量部に対して１０〜２２質量部が好ましく、１２〜１９質量部がより好ましい。１０質量部未満ではモルタルのポンプ圧送できる流動性を確保することが難しく、２２質量部を越えると強度発現性が低下する場合がある。１０〜２２質量部の範囲であれば、流動化剤を併用することでポンプ圧送に適する適度な流動性に調整することができる． The amount of water to be mixed with the spray material of the present invention is usually 10 to 22 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of mortar premixed with aggregate in consideration of the pumpability of the mortar, sprayability, and cured material properties. Is preferable, and 12 to 19 parts by mass is more preferable. If it is less than 10 parts by mass, it is difficult to ensure the fluidity of the mortar to be pumped, and if it exceeds 22 parts by mass, the strength development may be reduced. If it is the range of 10-22 mass parts, it can adjust to moderate fluidity | liquidity suitable for pump pumping by using a fluidizing agent together.
本発明の吹付け材料の施工方法は、吹付け材料と水とを混合し、練り混ぜたモルタルをポンプで圧送し、圧送途中で圧縮空気を合流して吹き付ける方法であれば、吹付けシステムや方法は特に限定されるものではない。 The spraying material construction method of the present invention is a method of mixing a spraying material and water, pumping the kneaded mortar with a pump, and joining and spraying compressed air in the middle of pumping. The method is not particularly limited.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、及びポゾラン微粉末を表１に示すように加え、ドライセメントモルタルを調製した。なお、ポゾラン微粉末は骨材と置換した。このドライセメントモルタル１００質量部に対して、水を１６．５質量部となるように加え、パン型ミキサーで練り混ぜてモルタルとし、フローを測定し、これをスクイズポンプで圧送し、吐出ノズル手前で圧縮空気を合流させて吹付けた後、モルタルの単位容積質量、圧縮強度、付着強度、リバウンド率、厚付け性、中性化深さ、及び塩化物イオン浸透深さを測定した。結果を表１に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 0.3 parts by mass of hectorite with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement And pozzolanic fine powder were added as shown in Table 1 to prepare dry cement mortar. The pozzolana fine powder was replaced with aggregate. To 100 parts by mass of this dry cement mortar, add 16.5 parts by mass of water, knead with a pan mixer to make mortar, measure the flow, pump this with a squeeze pump, and before the discharge nozzle Then, the unit volume mass, compressive strength, adhesion strength, rebound rate, thickening property, neutralization depth, and chloride ion penetration depth of the mortar were measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
（使用材料）
セメント：普通ポルトランドセメント、市販品
骨材：新潟県青海町産石灰砂乾燥品、最大粒径１．２ｍｍ
軽量骨材：中国産フライアッシュバルーン、かさ密度０．４２ｇ／ｃｍ３、最大粒子径０．８ｍｍ
ヘクトライト：市販品、密度：２．６ｇ／ｃｍ３
ポゾラン微粉末Ａ：高炉水砕スラグ、ブレーン比表面積７５００ｃｍ２／ｇ、市販品
ポゾラン微粉末Ｂ：高炉徐冷スラグ、ブレーン比表面積８０００ｃｍ２／ｇ
ポゾラン微粉末Ｃ：Ａ：Ｂ＝１：１の混合物
ポゾラン微粉末Ｄ：シリカフューム、市販品
ポゾラン微粉末Ｅ：フライアッシュ、ブレーン比表面積４５００ｃｍ２／ｇ
(Materials used)
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, Commercial aggregate: Dry lime sand from Aomi-cho, Niigata Prefecture, maximum particle size 1.2mm
Lightweight aggregate: Chinese fly ash balloon, bulk density 0.42 g / cm 3 , maximum particle size 0.8 mm
Hectorite: Commercial product, density: 2.6 g / cm 3
Pozzolanic fine powder A: granulated blast furnace slag, specific surface area of Blaine 7500 cm 2 / g, commercially available pozzolanic fine powder B: blast furnace chilled slag, specific surface area of Blaine 8000 cm 2 / g
Pozzolanic fine powder C: A: B = 1: 1 mixture Pozzolanic fine powder D: Silica fume, commercially available pozzolanic fine powder E: Fly ash, Blaine specific surface area 4500 cm 2 / g
（吹付け方法）
５０リットルのパン型ミキサーにドライセメントモルタル５０ｋｇ、水を所定量加え２分間練り混ぜた。練り混ぜたモルタルをホッパー付きのスクイズポンプ（電源１００Ｖ、消費電力０．２ＫＷ、圧送距離：３ｍ、圧送ホース径２５ｍｍ）で圧送し、モルタル吐出口（ノズル径：１０ｍｍ）手前で圧縮空気（０．７ＭＰａ、消費空気量：０．５ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）を挿入して吹付けた。
(Blowing method)
A 50-liter pan mixer was mixed with 50 kg of dry cement mortar and a predetermined amount of water and kneaded for 2 minutes. The kneaded mortar is pumped with a squeeze pump with a hopper (power supply 100 V, power consumption 0.2 KW, pumping distance: 3 m, pumping hose diameter 25 mm), and compressed air (0. 0 mm) before the mortar outlet (nozzle diameter: 10 mm). 7 MPa, air consumption: 0.5 m 3 / min) was inserted and sprayed.
（試験方法）
流動性：ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１に規定されているフロー試験を実施した。
単位容積質量：ＪＩＳ Ａ １１７１に準拠した。
圧縮強度：４×４×１６ｍｍの形枠に吹付けて採取し、材齢７日、２８日の圧縮強度を測定した。養生は採取後、温度２０℃、相対湿度６０％で所定材齢まで行った。測定はＪＩＳＡ ５２０１に準拠した。
付着強度：厚付け性評価で作製した試験体を吹付けてから３日目にφ５５ｍｍのコアドリルで下地となる側溝ふたの界面より５〜１０ｍｍ削孔し、材齢７日と２８日における付着強度を建研式付着力試験機で測定した。
リバウンド率：天井面に設置したコンクリート製プレキャスト板に２分間吹き付けたときに落下した材料と吹付けに使用した全モルタル量との百分率。
厚付け性：縦４００ｍｍ×横６００ｍｍ×厚さ６０ｍｍのコンクリート製Ｕ形側溝ふたに厚み９０ｍｍとなるように吹付けたときの厚付け性を評価した。吹付けて２４時間後の落下や浮きの有無を確認した。
中性化深さ：ＪＩＳ Ａ １１７１に準拠した。
塩化物イオン浸透深さ：ＪＩＳ Ａ １１７１に準拠した。
(Test method)
Flowability: A flow test defined in JIS R 5201 was performed.
Unit volume mass: Conforms to JIS A 1171.
Compressive strength: The sample was sprayed and collected on a 4 × 4 × 16 mm frame, and the compressive strength was measured at 7 days and 28 days of age. After curing, the curing was performed at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60% until a predetermined age. The measurement was based on JISA 5201.
Adhesion strength: 3 to 10 days after spraying the specimen prepared in the evaluation of thickness, 5 to 10 mm was drilled from the interface of the side groove lid as a base with a core drill of φ55 mm, and the adhesion strength at the age of 7 and 28 days Was measured with a Kenken-type adhesion tester.
Rebound rate: Percentage of material dropped when sprayed on concrete precast plate installed on ceiling for 2 minutes and total mortar amount used for spraying.
Thickness: Thickness was evaluated when sprayed on a concrete U-shaped side groove lid of length 400 mm × width 600 mm × thickness 60 mm to a thickness of 90 mm. The presence or absence of falling or floating 24 hours after spraying was confirmed.
Neutralization depth: compliant with JIS A 1171.
Chloride ion penetration depth: Conforms to JIS A 1171.
表１より、本発明において、リバウンド率が低く、厚付け性に優れるモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 1, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having a low rebound rate and excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、及びヘクトライトを表２に示す量を加えた以外は実施例１と同様に行った。なお、比較としてモンモリロナイトを使用した場合について、実施例１と同様に試験を行った。結果を表２に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement And hectorite were added in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts shown in Table 2 were added. In addition, about the case where montmorillonite was used as a comparison, the test was done similarly to Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 2.
（使用材料）
モンモリロナイト：市販品、密度２．７ｇ／ｃｍ３
(Materials used)
Montmorillonite: commercial product, density 2.7 g / cm 3
表２より、本発明において、リバウンド率が低く、厚付け性に優れたモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 2, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having a low rebound rate and an excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、及び骨材の砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部加え、前記骨材の砂をセメント１００質量部に対して表３に示す量を加えた以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表３に併記する。 To 100 parts by mass of cement, 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic powder A, 0.3 parts by mass of hectorite, and 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate to 100 parts by mass of aggregate sand, The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of sand shown in Table 3 was added to 100 parts by mass of cement. The results are also shown in Table 3.
表３より、本発明において、リバウンド率が小さく、厚付け性に優れるモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 3, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having a small rebound rate and excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して、骨材の砂を１８０質量部、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、及び前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を表４に示す量を加え、吹付け前のモルタルの単位容積質量を測定したこと以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表４に併記する。 Aggregate sand is 180 parts by mass, pozzolanic fine powder A is 8 parts by mass, hectorite is 0.3 parts by mass, and light aggregate is based on 100 parts by mass of cement. The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the unit volume mass of the mortar before spraying was measured. The results are also shown in Table 4.
表４より、本発明において、軽量で、リバウンド率が小さく、厚付け性に優れるモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 4, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar that is lightweight, has a small rebound rate, and is excellent in thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、及び高分子増粘剤を表５に示す量を加えた以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表５に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that 0.3 parts by mass of hectorite and the amount of polymer thickener shown in Table 5 were added. The results are also shown in Table 5.
（使用材料）
高分子増粘剤：メチルセルロース、市販品
(Materials used)
Polymer thickener: methylcellulose, commercial product
表５より、本発明において、リバウンド率が低く、厚付け性に優れたモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 5, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having a low rebound rate and an excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、実施例５の高分子増粘剤を０．０５質量部、及び膨張材を表６に示す量を加え、硬化収縮を測定したこと以外は実施例１と同様に行った。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement Example 1 except that 0.3 parts by mass of hectorite, 0.05 parts by mass of the polymer thickener of Example 5 and the amount of expansion material shown in Table 6 were added and the cure shrinkage was measured. The same was done.
（試験方法）
硬化収縮率：ＪＨＳ−４１６に準拠して測定した。
(Test method)
Curing shrinkage: measured in accordance with JHS-416.
（使用材料）
膨張材：カルシウムサルホアルミネート系膨張材、市販品
(Materials used)
Expansion material: calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansion material, commercial product
表６より、本発明において、膨張材を使用すると、硬化収縮率が小さく、リバウンド率が小さく、厚付け性に優れるモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 6, it can be seen that when an expansion material is used in the present invention, a mortar having a small curing shrinkage rate, a small rebound rate, and an excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、実施例５の高分子増粘剤を０．０５質量部、実施例６の膨張材を５質量部、及び収縮低減剤を表７に示す量を加えたこと以外は実施例６と同様に行った。結果を表７に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement In addition, 0.3 parts by mass of hectorite, 0.05 parts by mass of the polymer thickener of Example 5, 5 parts by mass of the expansion material of Example 6, and the amounts shown in Table 7 for the shrinkage reducing agent were added. Except that, the same procedure as in Example 6 was performed. The results are also shown in Table 7.
（使用材料）
収縮低減剤：ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体、ＨＯ−（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）１８９−Ｈ、市販品
(Materials used)
Shrinkage reducing agent: polyoxyalkylene derivative, HO— (CH 2 CH 2 O) 189 -H, commercially available product
表７より、本発明において、硬化収縮率が小さく、リバウンド率が小さく、厚付け性に優れるモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 7, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having a small curing shrinkage rate, a small rebound rate, and an excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、実施例７の高分子増粘剤を０．０５質量部、ヘクトライを０．３質量部、実施例５の収縮低減剤を３質量部、実施例６の膨張材を５質量部、水を１４質量部、及び流動化剤と空気連行剤を表８に示す量を加え、吹付けたモルタルの凍結融解抵抗性、吹付け前のモルタルの単位容積質量を測定したこと以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表８に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement , 0.05 part by mass of the polymer thickener of Example 7, 0.3 part by mass of Hector, 3 parts by mass of the shrinkage reducing agent of Example 5, 5 parts by mass of the expansion material of Example 6, and water Example 1 with the exception that 14 parts by mass and the amounts of fluidizing agent and air entraining agent shown in Table 8 were added and the freeze-thaw resistance of the sprayed mortar and the unit volume mass of the mortar before spraying were measured. The same was done. The results are also shown in Table 8.
（使用材料）
流動化剤：メチロールメラミン系流動化剤、市販品
空気連行剤：ポリオキシエチレンアルキルサルフェート系空気連行剤、市販品
(Materials used)
Fluidizer: Methylol melamine fluidizer, commercial product Air entrainer: Polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate air entrainer, commercial product
（試験方法）
凍結融解抵抗性：ＪＳＣＥ−Ｇ５０１に準拠し行い３００サイクルル時の相対動弾性係数を求めた。
(Test method)
Freeze-thaw resistance: Performed according to JSCE-G501, and determined the relative kinematic modulus at 300 cycles.
表８より、本発明において、流動性や凍結融解抵抗性に優れ、リバウンド率が小さく、厚付け性に優れたモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 8, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar excellent in fluidity and freeze-thaw resistance, having a small rebound rate, and having excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、実施例７の高分子増粘剤を０．０５質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、実施例５の収縮低減剤を３質量部、実施例６の膨張材を５質量部、実施例８の流動化剤を０．１質量部、実施例８の空気連行剤を０．００５質量部、水を１４質量部、及び繊維を表９に示す量を加え、吹付けたモルタルの初期ひび割れ発生の有無と曲げタフネスを測定した以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表９に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement , 0.05 part by mass of the polymer thickener of Example 7, 0.3 part by mass of hectorite, 3 parts by mass of the shrinkage reducing agent of Example 5, and 5 parts by mass of the expansion material of Example 6 0.1 parts by mass of the fluidizing agent of Example 8, 0.005 parts by mass of the air entraining agent of Example 8, 14 parts by mass of water, and the amount of fibers shown in Table 9 were added, and the initial stage of sprayed mortar This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the presence or absence of cracking and the bending toughness were measured. The results are also shown in Table 9.
（使用材料）
繊維Ａ： ビニロン繊維、繊維長さ６ｍｍ、繊維径０．０２６ｍｍ、収束タイプ、市販品
繊維Ｂ： ビニロン繊維、繊維長さ６ｍｍ、繊維径０．２ｍｍ、非収束タイプ、市販品
(Materials used)
Fiber A: Vinylon fiber, fiber length 6 mm, fiber diameter 0.026 mm, convergence type, commercial product Fiber B: Vinylon fiber, fiber length 6 mm, fiber diameter 0.2 mm, non-convergence type, commercial product
（試験方法）
初期ひびわれ：縦３００ｍｍ×横３００ｍｍ×厚さ６０ｍｍのコンクリート製平板に厚さ１０ｍｍとなるように吹き付け、表面をコテで均し、温度５℃、湿度４０％の環境下で２４時間養生後のひび割れ発生の有無を観察した。
曲げタフネス：ＪＳＣＥ Ｇ ５５２に準拠した。養生方法は温度２０℃、湿度６０％の部屋で気中養生した。測定材齢は２８日とした。
(Test method)
Initial cracks: Sprayed to a concrete flat plate with a length of 300 mm x width 300 mm x thickness 60 mm to a thickness of 10 mm, leveled with a trowel, and cracked after curing for 24 hours in an environment of temperature 5 ° C and humidity 40% The presence or absence of occurrence was observed.
Bending toughness: Conforms to JSCE G552. The curing method was air curing in a room at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 60%. The measurement material age was 28 days.
表９より、本発明において、初期ひび割れが無く、曲げタフネスに優れ、厚付け性に優れたモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 9, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having no initial crack, excellent bending toughness and excellent thickness can be obtained.
セメント１００質量部に対して骨材の砂を１８０質量部、前記砂１００質量部に対して軽量骨材を６質量部、さらに、セメント１００質量部に対して、ポゾラン微粉末Ａを８質量部、実施例７の高分子増粘剤を０．０５質量部、ヘクトライトを０．３質量部、実施例５の収縮低減剤を３質量部、実施例６の膨張材を５質量部、実施例９の繊維Ａを０．１質量部、実施例８の流動化剤を０．１５質量部、実施例８の空気連行剤を０．００５質量部、水を１４質量部、及び凝結促進剤を表１０に示す量を加え、モルタルの始発時間を測定した以外は、実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表１０に併記する。 180 parts by mass of aggregate sand with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, 6 parts by mass of lightweight aggregate with respect to 100 parts by mass of sand, and 8 parts by mass of pozzolanic fine powder A with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement , 0.05 part by mass of the polymer thickener of Example 7, 0.3 part by mass of hectorite, 3 parts by mass of the shrinkage reducing agent of Example 5, and 5 parts by mass of the expansion material of Example 6 0.1 part by mass of fiber A of Example 9, 0.15 part by mass of the fluidizing agent of Example 8, 0.005 part by mass of the air entraining agent of Example 8, 14 parts by mass of water, and a setting accelerator Was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount shown in Table 10 was added and the initial time of the mortar was measured. The results are also shown in Table 10.
（使用材料）
凝結促進剤：ケイ酸ナトリウム、市販品
(Materials used)
Setting accelerator: Sodium silicate, commercial product
（試験方法）
凝結：ＪＩＳ Ａ １１４７に準拠してプロクター貫入抵抗値より始発時間を測定した。
(Test method)
Condensation: The initial time was measured from the Proctor penetration resistance value according to JIS A 1147.
表１０より、本発明において、始発時間が短く、厚付け性に優れたモルタルが得られることが判る。 From Table 10, it can be seen that in the present invention, a mortar having a short initial start time and excellent thickness can be obtained.
本発明の吹付け材料と比較する目的で、一般的なコンクリートの中性化抵抗性と塩化物イオン浸透性を評価した。コンクリート配合と材齢２８日の圧縮強度を下記に示す。 For the purpose of comparison with the spray material of the present invention, the neutralization resistance and chloride ion permeability of general concrete were evaluated. The concrete mix and compressive strength at 28 days of age are shown below.
（配合）
水／セメント比：５４％、細骨材率：４４．５％、セメント：３１２ｋｇ／ｍ３、水：１６７ｋｇ／ｍ３、細骨材：７９９ｋｇ／ｍ３、粗骨材：９８９ｋｇ／ｍ３
(Combination)
Water / cement ratio: 54%, fine aggregate ratio: 44.5%, Cement: 312kg / m 3, water: 167 kg / m 3, fine aggregates: 799kg / m 3, coarse aggregate: 989kg / m 3
（圧縮強度）
３９．４N／ｍｍ２
(Compressive strength)
39.4 N / mm 2
このコンクリートを実施例１の本発明の吹付け材料と同じ条件で、中性化抵抗性と塩化物イオン浸透抵抗性を測定した結果、中性化深さは５．９ｍｍ、塩化物イオン浸透深さは１２．５ｍｍであり、本発明品と比べ、著しく中性化抵抗性と塩化物イオン浸透抵抗性に劣ることが判った。 As a result of measuring the neutralization resistance and chloride ion penetration resistance of this concrete under the same conditions as the spray material of the present invention of Example 1, the neutralization depth was 5.9 mm, and the chloride ion penetration depth. The thickness was 12.5 mm, which was found to be significantly inferior in neutralization resistance and chloride ion penetration resistance as compared with the product of the present invention.
本発明では、急結剤を併用しなくても１回の吹付けで厚付けが可能となるから、施工スピードを短縮化できる。膨張材、収縮低減剤、繊維を使用することで、硬化収縮が防止され、大幅にひび割れ発生を低減することができる。また、中性化抵抗性や塩化物イオン浸透抵抗性が良好であり、空気連行剤を併用することで凍結融解抵抗性もより向上できる。さらに、流動化剤、凝結促進剤を併用することでポンプ圧送性やコテ仕上げスピードをより向上することができる。そのため、土木、建築分野での補修工事に幅広く適用できる。 In the present invention, since the thickening can be performed by one spraying without using the quick setting agent, the construction speed can be shortened. By using an expanding material, a shrinkage reducing agent, and a fiber, curing shrinkage can be prevented and the occurrence of cracks can be greatly reduced. Moreover, neutralization resistance and chloride ion penetration resistance are favorable, and freeze-thaw resistance can be further improved by using an air entraining agent in combination. Further, the use of a fluidizing agent and a setting accelerator together can further improve the pumpability and the finishing speed. Therefore, it can be widely applied to repair work in the civil engineering and construction fields.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005022893A JP4536537B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Spraying material and spraying method using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005022893A JP4536537B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Spraying material and spraying method using the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006206403A true JP2006206403A (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| JP4536537B2 JP4536537B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
Family
ID=36963648
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005022893A Expired - Fee Related JP4536537B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Spraying material and spraying method using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4536537B2 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008050212A (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Spray material and spraying method using the same |
| JP2008169085A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout material and grout construction method using the same |
| EP2331761A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2011-06-15 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Composite structure for exterior insulation applications |
| WO2011083839A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Shrinkage reducing agent for hydraulic material |
| JP2012041198A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-03-01 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Shrinkage reducing agent for blast furnace cement |
| WO2012111683A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Modifier for water-curable materials |
| JP2013053014A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for concrete |
| JP2013053015A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for concrete |
| JP2013053013A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for hydraulic material |
| JP2013121886A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-20 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for hydraulic material |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1036176A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | Spraying refractory |
| JPH11347488A (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-21 | Hojun Yoko:Kk | Water proofing method by bentonite spraying |
| JP2003212621A (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2003-07-30 | Elementis Specialties Inc | Viscosity stable smectite clay slurry and mixture of smectite clay and one or more phosphonate useful to manufacture the slurry |
| JP2004203699A (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Spray material and spraying method of construction using the same |
-
2005
- 2005-01-31 JP JP2005022893A patent/JP4536537B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1036176A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | Spraying refractory |
| JPH11347488A (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-21 | Hojun Yoko:Kk | Water proofing method by bentonite spraying |
| JP2003212621A (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2003-07-30 | Elementis Specialties Inc | Viscosity stable smectite clay slurry and mixture of smectite clay and one or more phosphonate useful to manufacture the slurry |
| JP2004203699A (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Spray material and spraying method of construction using the same |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008050212A (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-03-06 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Spray material and spraying method using the same |
| JP2008169085A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Grout material and grout construction method using the same |
| EP2331761A4 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2013-01-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composite structure for exterior insulation applications |
| EP2331761A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2011-06-15 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Composite structure for exterior insulation applications |
| JPWO2011083840A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2013-05-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Concrete composition |
| WO2011083840A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Concrete composition |
| EP2522643A4 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2014-03-12 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Concrete composition |
| CN102695688A (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Concrete composition |
| EP2522642A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2012-11-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Shrinkage reducing agent for hydraulic material |
| EP2522643A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2012-11-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Concrete composition |
| US20120289626A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2012-11-15 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Concrete composition |
| EP2522642A4 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2014-03-12 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Shrinkage reducing agent for hydraulic material |
| JP5930719B2 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2016-06-08 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Concrete composition |
| US8933151B2 (en) | 2010-01-08 | 2015-01-13 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Shrinkage-reducing agent for hydraulic material |
| JP5930718B2 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2016-06-08 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Shrinkage reducing agent for hydraulic materials |
| WO2011083839A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Shrinkage reducing agent for hydraulic material |
| JPWO2011083839A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2013-05-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Shrinkage reducing agent for hydraulic materials |
| JP2012041198A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-03-01 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Shrinkage reducing agent for blast furnace cement |
| WO2012111683A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Modifier for water-curable materials |
| JP2013053015A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for concrete |
| JP2013053013A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for hydraulic material |
| JP2013053014A (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for concrete |
| JP2013121886A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-20 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Modifier for hydraulic material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4536537B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4520321B2 (en) | Spraying material and spraying method using the same | |
| JP4536537B2 (en) | Spraying material and spraying method using the same | |
| JP5010209B2 (en) | Spraying material and spraying method using the same | |
| JP4516293B2 (en) | Repair mortar | |
| JP4787187B2 (en) | Rapid hardened mortar and repair method using the same | |
| JP5913705B2 (en) | Hydraulic composition | |
| JP4999188B2 (en) | Ultra-low shrinkage AE concrete composition | |
| JP2020158371A (en) | Polymer cement mortar and repair method of reinforced concrete | |
| JP4744681B2 (en) | Cement composition | |
| JP4785359B2 (en) | Spray material and repair method using the same | |
| JP2003306369A (en) | Spray material and spraying method using it | |
| JP4767785B2 (en) | Mortar or concrete composition | |
| JP4209191B2 (en) | Spraying material and spraying method using the same | |
| JP2008002176A (en) | Composite body and method of producing the same | |
| JP4987491B2 (en) | Grout material and grout method using the same | |
| JP2005089228A (en) | Cement admixture and cement composition | |
| KR102218193B1 (en) | Modified ceramic polymer mortar composition and method of repairing and reinforcing cross section of concrete structure using the same | |
| JP2019043793A (en) | Spray material, and spray method using the same | |
| JP4265761B2 (en) | Spraying material and spraying method using the same | |
| JP4994289B2 (en) | Ultra-low shrinkage AE concrete composition | |
| JP5073688B2 (en) | Spray material and spraying method | |
| JP4406246B2 (en) | Cement admixture and cement composition | |
| JP5483695B2 (en) | Crack-inhibiting spray material and spraying method using the same | |
| JP4553503B2 (en) | Cement mortar for wet spraying | |
| JP6300520B2 (en) | Spray concrete |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20061212 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20090424 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20091117 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091228 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20100223 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100514 |
|
| A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20100531 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100615 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100616 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130625 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4536537 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |