JP2006195058A - Observation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an observation apparatus capable of reducing burdens of aligning observer's eyes with a limited viewing area. <P>SOLUTION: The observation apparatus includes left/right eye image projecting means 20<SB>L</SB>and 20<SB>R</SB>for projecting the left-eye image and the right-eye image, and an image display means 15 arranged near the images projected via the image projecting means 20<SB>L</SB>and 20<SB>R</SB>so as to image the light-exit pupils 16<SB>L</SB>and 16<SB>R</SB>of the image projecting means 20<SB>L</SB>and 20<SB>R</SB>on the positions of observer's left and right eyes EL and ER. A reflecting means 30 for reflecting at least a part of the observer's face area so that the observer can observe the reflected part being arranged near the image display means 15 so that the relative position with the image display means 15 can be fixed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an observation apparatus in which a viewing area (an area where an observer can see an image) is narrowly limited, such as a stereoscopic projection observation apparatus and a stereoscopic image display apparatus.

Conventionally, it is arranged in the vicinity of the image projected via the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means that can project the left-eye image and the right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means. There is known a stereoscopic projection observation apparatus that includes image display means for forming the exit pupils of the right and left eye image projection means on the left and right eyes of an observer.
In such an observation apparatus, the viewing area (the area in which the exit pupils of the image projection means for the right eye and the left eye form an image at the observation position) is narrowly limited. Outside the limited viewing zone, the image is distorted and a bright normal projected image cannot be observed.
However, as long as one of the left and right eyes of the observer is located in the viewing zone, it is not always easy for the viewer to recognize that his / her eyes are out of the limited viewing zone.
For this reason, in such a projection observation apparatus, there is a problem that it takes a burden on the observer such as complicated work for aligning the left and right eyes in the viewing zone and spending a lot of time.

However, conventionally, for example, the following Patent Document 1 proposes an observation apparatus that allows an observer himself / herself to easily recognize that his / her eyes are out of the restricted viewing zone.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-221111

  An observation apparatus described in Patent Document 1 observes a projection apparatus for forming an exit pupil for a positional deviation warning adjacent to (or overlapping with) an exit pupil for observation (an exit pupil that forms an image at an observation position). The projector is arranged adjacent to and separate from the projection device for forming the exit pupil for the projector.

However, like the observation apparatus described in Patent Document 1, in addition to the projection apparatus for forming the exit pupil for observation, the projection apparatus for forming the exit pupil for misalignment warning is arranged. The space in which the observer can move is cut accordingly, and the degree of freedom is reduced, which makes the observer unusable. In addition, when light is projected from the projection device for forming an exit pupil for misalignment warning onto the display surface of the image display means, flare light unnecessary for observation easily enters the eyes of the observer, and further for observation. The contrast of the image becomes small and it becomes difficult to obtain a good observation image.
As described above, the observation apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that a new burden is imposed on the observer as the position of the eye of the observer is easily adjusted to the limited viewing area.

Conventionally, as another observation apparatus with a narrow viewing zone, for example, an image is displayed like an observation apparatus of a type in which an observation image is directly displayed on a liquid crystal monitor using a liquid crystal monitor or the like on a display panel. An observation apparatus having image display means for guiding right and left images with parallax to the left and right eyes of an observer is known.
However, the liquid crystal monitor has a narrow viewing area in principle, and the observation range (observer position) that the observer can normally observe is limited. Furthermore, in recent years, liquid crystal monitors capable of three-dimensional observation are becoming widespread. A liquid crystal monitor capable of three-dimensional observation is generally called a parallax barrier type, and is configured to guide different images to the left and right eyes of the observer, and is further viewed than a liquid crystal monitor capable of two-dimensional observation. The area is narrow.
For this reason, conventionally, when observing with an observation apparatus that directly displays an observation image on a liquid crystal monitor, the observer must carefully align the position of the observer's eyes with the viewing area, which complicates the viewing area adjustment work. I spent a lot more time.

  Moreover, these observation devices described above are often used for operations such as surgery. In operations such as surgery, the observer's eyes are easily removed from the viewing zone by moving or changing the posture of the observer who is the observer. If the observer's eye position must be aligned with the viewing zone each time, the burden on the observer increases and operations such as surgery are frequently interrupted, affecting the patient undergoing surgery. May give.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an observation apparatus capable of reducing a burden for bringing an observer's eyes into a limited viewing area.

  In order to achieve the above object, an observation apparatus according to the present invention includes a left-eye and right-eye image projecting unit capable of projecting a left-eye image and a right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye images. An image display means is provided in the vicinity of the image projected via the projection means, and images the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at the positions of the left and right eyes of the observer. In the observation device, the reflecting means for projecting at least a part of the face of the observer's face so that the observer can observe is fixed in the vicinity of the image display means with respect to the image display means. It is characterized by being prepared.

  In addition, the observation apparatus according to the present invention includes a left-eye and right-eye image projection unit that can project a left-eye image and a right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projection unit. In an observation apparatus having image display means arranged in the vicinity of the projected image and for forming images of the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer, An imaging means for imaging at least a part of the face of the observer's face and a display means for displaying an image captured by the imaging means are provided in the vicinity of the image display means.

  In addition, the observation apparatus according to the present invention includes a left-eye and right-eye image projection unit that can project a left-eye image and a right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projection unit. In an observation apparatus having image display means arranged in the vicinity of the projected image and for forming images of the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer, At least part of the observer's body is positioned so that the left and right eyes of the observer are fixed in the imaging area of the exit pupil of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by the first-order diffracted light. It is characterized by comprising positioning means.

  Further, in the observation apparatus of the present invention, in the observation apparatus having an image display unit that displays an image and guides left and right images with parallax to the left and right eyes of the observer, the left and right eyes of the observer have the parallax. Reflecting means for projecting at least a part of the face of the observer so that the observer can observe only when the left and right images can be observed is provided in the vicinity of the image display means. It is preferable that the relative position with respect to the image display means is fixed.

  In the observation apparatus of the present invention, the left and right eyes of the observer are arranged in a region where the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by primary light are imaged. Are arranged so that the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means with zero-order light form images at predetermined positions off the left and right eyes on the face of the observer. Reflecting means for projecting so that the observer can observe the peripheral region where the exit pupil of the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means by the zero-order light on the face of the observer is imaged. It is preferable that a relative position with the image display unit is fixed in the vicinity of the image display unit.

  In the observation apparatus of the present invention, only when the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned in the imaging region of the exit pupil of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by the first-order diffracted light. It is preferable to provide a reflecting means for projecting the left and right eye images so that the observer can observe the image so that the relative position with the image display means is fixed in the vicinity of the image display means. .

  In addition, the observation apparatus according to the present invention includes a left-eye and right-eye image projection unit that can project a left-eye image and a right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projection unit. In an observation apparatus having image display means arranged in the vicinity of the projected image and for forming images of the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer, When the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned in the region where the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by primary light are imaged, The exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means are configured to form an image at a predetermined position off the left and right eyes on the observer's face, and the zero-order light on the observer's face. Of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by which the exit pupil is imaged A zero-order light exit pupil imaging peripheral region detection means for photographing a region; and a zero-order light exit pupil imaging peripheral region display means for displaying an image photographed by the zero-order light exit pupil imaging peripheral region detection means; It is provided near the image display means.

  In the observation apparatus of the present invention, the image display means and the left-eye and right-eye image projection means are movable in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional direction with their relative positions fixed. Preferably means are provided.

  Further, the observation device of the present invention has image display means for displaying an image and guiding left and right images with parallax to the left and right eyes of the observer, and the left and right eyes of the observer have left and right with the parallax. It is preferable to provide positioning means for positioning at least a part of the observer's body so that the position is fixed at a position where the image can be observed.

  Moreover, in the observation apparatus of this invention, it is preferable that the said positioning means is a forehead support member.

  Moreover, in the observation apparatus of this invention, it is preferable that the said positioning means is a back head support member.

  In the observation apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the relative position between the positioning unit and the image display unit is kept constant.

  In the observation apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the positioning means is fixed to the image display means directly or via a connecting member.

  Further, in the observation apparatus of the present invention, the positioning means and the image display based on the positioning means position information detecting means for detecting the position information of the positioning means, and the position information detected by the positioning means position information detecting means. Tracking means for calculating a movement amount and a movement direction of the image display means necessary to keep the relative position with the means constant, and moving the image display means according to the calculated movement amount and movement direction. Is preferred.

  In the observation apparatus of the present invention, the image display means position information detection means for detecting the position information of the image display means, and the image display means based on the position information detected by the image display means position information detection means. And a follow-up means for calculating a movement amount and a movement direction of the positioning means necessary for keeping a relative positional relationship between the positioning means and the positioning means constant, and moving the positioning means according to the calculated movement amount and movement direction. It is preferable to provide.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the observation apparatus which can reduce the burden for aligning an observer's eyes to the limited visual field is obtained.

1A and 1B are explanatory views showing an example of a projection observation apparatus to which the present invention can be applied. FIG. 1A is a schematic configuration diagram of a transmission type stereoscopic projection observation apparatus, and FIG. 1B is a schematic configuration diagram of a reflection type stereoscopic projection observation apparatus. It is. In FIG. 1 (b), only the configuration for the right eye is shown for convenience, and the configuration for the left eye is omitted.
The projection observation apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) is for left eye and right eye as left eye and right eye image projecting means capable of projecting a left eye image and a right eye image. Projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R and a display panel 15 as image display means are provided.
The left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R include display elements 11 _L and 11 _R and projection optical systems 12 _L and 12 _R , respectively.

The left-eye and right-eye projection optical systems 12 _L and 12 _R project parallax images displayed on the left and right display elements 11 _L and 11 _R on the same display surface of the display panel 15.
Display panel 15 through the projection device 20 _L, 20 _R are disposed in the vicinity of the projected image position, projecting the exit pupil 16 _L, 16 _R of the projection optical system 12 _L, 12 _R to the observer side, The exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R are formed on the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer. Then, by aligning the positions of the left and right eyes EL and ER with the imaging regions of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R projected by the observer, the images displayed on the display elements 11 _L and 11 _R are synthesized to form a three-dimensional image. It can be observed.
The display panel 15 includes an imaging optical system 13 and a diffusion plate 14. The imaging optical system 13 and the diffusion plate 14 are arranged at the position of the display surface.

The position of the display surface substantially coincides with the image formation position of the images of the display elements 11 _L and 11 _R projected via the projection optical systems 12 _L and 12 _R of the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R.
The imaging optical system 13 disposed at this imaging position uses a Fresnel convex lens in the transmission type stereoscopic observation apparatus (FIG. 1A) and a Fresnel concave mirror in the reflection type stereoscopic observation apparatus (FIG. 1B). Configured.
The diffuser plate 14 may be, for example, a diffuser plate having a rough surface on a transparent substrate to provide directivity, a directional HOE scattering film, an incident surface of a Fresnel mirror, or an exit surface of a Fresnel lens. It is composed of a diffusing surface with directivity formed on the surface.

The Fresnel mirror and the Fresnel lens have a diffractive action, and form images of the two exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R by the predetermined order light separated through the diffractive action at different positions on the viewer side. It has become. In FIG. 1, for convenience, an image formation state by the first-order diffracted light is shown. Since these Fresnel surfaces are arranged at the position of the display surface (or in the vicinity thereof) as described above, the image quality of the projected image can be observed with high resolution without deterioration. Further, the Fresnel mirror and the Fresnel lens are arranged in a flat plate shape.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle that the observation pupils 21 _L and 21 _{R obtained} by enlarging the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R are imaged at the position of the observer's eye in the stereoscopic projection observation apparatus 10 of FIG. is there.
In FIG. 2, for the sake of convenience, the configuration of a transmission type stereoscopic projection observation apparatus is used.
A diffusion plate 14 is disposed together with the imaging optical system 13 at or near the display surface of the display panel 15. The imaging optical system 13 is for observing the + 1st order diffracted light at a predetermined position on the observer side with a diameter Φ0 of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R of the left and right projection optical systems 12 _L and 12 _R being Φ0 ′. Images are formed as exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R. In the projection observation apparatus of FIG. 2, the imaging positions of the exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R for observation by the + 1st order diffracted light are in the vicinity of the positions of the eyes EL and ER of the observer. Here, the diffusion plate 14 causes the exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R for observation of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R to be imaged with a size of Φ0 ′ at a predetermined position on the observation side by the diffusion action. It expands to the size of Φ1. Note that the positions and diameters of the left and right observation exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R enlarged by the diffusion plate 14 are set so as not to overlap each other.

An embodiment of an observation apparatus in which the configuration of the present invention is applied to such a stereoscopic projection observation apparatus will be described.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views of the principal part showing the principle of the observation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a side view of the observation apparatus, and FIG. 3B is an illustration of the observation apparatus of FIG. It is the figure seen from diagonally back.
The observation apparatus according to the first embodiment includes left and right eye projection apparatuses 20 _L and 20 _R , a display panel 15, and a mirror 30.
The display panel 15 is an observation image that is an enlarged image of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R of the left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _{R using} the first-order diffracted light in addition to the configuration shown in FIGS. When the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer are respectively positioned in the region where the exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R for image formation are formed, the exit pupils 16 _L and _L The exit pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ in which 16 _R is enlarged are configured to form an image at a position (in the example of FIG. 3) that is out of the left and right eyes EL and ER on the face of the observer. .
Further, the mirror 30 allows the observer to view a peripheral region where enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the left-eye and right-eye exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R are formed on the viewer's face by zero-order light. Is fixed to the lower portion of the display panel 15 in such a direction and angle that it can be observed.

In general, in this type of projection observation apparatus, any one of ± first-order diffracted light is used as observation light, and zero-order light is unnecessary light.
That is, in this type of projection observation apparatus, as described with reference to the configuration examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the projection light incident on the display panel 15 from the left-eye and right-eye projection apparatuses 20 _L and 20 _R. Is diffracted through a Fresnel surface or the like when transmitted or reflected from the display panel 15 to the viewer side. An enlarged image of the exit pupil by the first-order diffracted light diffracted at this time is formed at the position of the observer's eye as an exit pupil for observation, and an exit pupil image by the 0th-order light that is not diffracted by the display panel is predetermined. The image is formed at the position. This zeroth-order light is inevitably generated in the configuration using the diffraction action, is unnecessary light for observing the projected image, and is light that obstructs observation when entering the observer's eyes. For this reason, in this type of conventional stereoscopic observation apparatus, it has not been considered to use this zero-order light for observation.

The observation apparatus according to the first embodiment uses zero-order light, which is unnecessary for observation in the related art, as a means for recognizing a positional deviation from the viewing area of the observer's eye.
In the observation apparatus of the first embodiment, the observer observes the imaging positions of the zero-order light exit pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ on the face of the observer projected on the mirror 15, and the exit pupil by the zero-order light. The observation position is adjusted so that 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ are located at the forehead position of the observer. At this time, the relative positions of the exit pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ by the 0th-order light and the observation exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R by the 1st-order diffracted light are constant. For this reason, the observer adjusts the observation position while observing the mirror 15 as described above, so that the viewing area (magnification of the enlarged images 21 _L and 21 _R of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R by the first-order diffracted light can be easily obtained. The positions of the observer's eyes EL and ER can be aligned within the image area.
In addition, according to the observation apparatus of the first embodiment, the projection apparatus for forming the exit pupil for misalignment warning as in Patent Document 1 is not required, and accordingly, a space in which the observer can move is increased. The flare light that is not necessary for the observation can hardly enter the observer's eyes, and the contrast of the observation image can be kept constant, so that a good observation image can be obtained.
Other configurations and operational effects are almost the same as those of the projection observation apparatus of FIGS.
In the example of FIG. 3, the exit pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ are imaged on the forehead. However, any position other than the forehead may be used as long as it is away from the left and right eyes EL and ER on the face of the observer. You may make it image-form. Further, the mirror 30 may be provided at any position as long as the relative position with the display panel 15 is fixed in the vicinity of the display panel 15.
Further, the mirror 30 observes only the peripheral region where the enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the left-eye and right-eye exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R are formed by the zero-order light on the face of the observer. It is preferable to form in a size that can be observed by a person. In this way, light unnecessary for observation from the observer's background or the like enters the mirror 30 and is difficult to enter the observer's eyes, so that the position of the eye can be more easily aligned with the viewing zone. it can.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in which the observation apparatus according to Example 2 of the present invention is applied to a display device for a surgical stereomicroscope.
The surgical stereomicroscope shown in FIG. 4 includes the observation apparatus according to the first embodiment in the microscope main body 50. The left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R project a parallax image of the affected area O captured through the microscope main body 50 onto the display panel 15.
In the observation apparatus according to the second embodiment, the display panel 15 and the mirror 30 and the projection apparatuses 20 _L and 20 _R are supported by the support member 60 with their relative positions fixed.
The support member 60 includes a spherical movable portion 60a at one end, and the movable portion 60a is fitted in a spherical concave portion 50a provided in the microscope main body 50, and is configured to be movable in a three-dimensional direction. ing.
The display panel 15 is provided with a handle 40.

According to the observation apparatus of the second embodiment configured as described above, when the observer operates the handle 40 in a predetermined direction, the display panel 15 and the mirror 30 and the projection apparatuses 20 _L and 20 _R are relatively relative to each other. It moves in a three-dimensional direction with its position fixed.
Therefore, the observer observes the imaging position of the exit pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the 0th-order light on the face of the observer projected on the mirror 15, while exiting pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R by the 0th-order light. The position of the display panel 15 is adjusted by operating the handle 40 so that 'is positioned at the forehead position of the observer. At this time, the relative positions of the exit pupils 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ by the 0th-order light and the observation exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R by the 1st-order diffracted light are constant. For this reason, the observer can easily align the position of the eye with the viewing zone (here, the exit pupil region of the + 1st order light) by performing an operation with the handle 40.
Other configurations and operational effects are almost the same as those of the observation apparatus of the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a main part when the observation apparatus according to Example 3 of the present invention is viewed from the side.
The observation apparatus of Example 3 includes a mirror 30 in addition to the configurations shown in FIGS.
Mirror 30, the observer's left and right eyes EL, ER projection apparatus left-eye and right-eye according to first-order diffracted light 20 _L, 20 _R of the projection optical system 12 _L, 12 the exit pupil 16 of the _{R L,} 16 _R Only when the observation exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R for observation are positioned in the regions where the images are formed, respectively, and the direction in which the images of the left and right eyes of the observer are projected so that the observer can observe them. It is fixed to the lower part of the display panel 15 at an angle.

According to the observation apparatus of the third embodiment, similarly to the observation apparatus of the first embodiment, the observer can easily align the positions of the eyes EL and ER of the observer with the viewing zone by adjusting the observation position. In addition, it is not necessary to use a projection device for misalignment warning like the conventional observation device, and it is possible to reduce the burden on the observer such as narrowing of the work space and difficulty in observation of the observation image due to flare light. .
In the observation apparatus of the third embodiment, as in the observation apparatus of the second embodiment, the display panel 15 and the mirror 30, and the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R are mutually connected via the support member 60 and the handle 40. In a state where the relative position is fixed, it may be configured to be movable in a three-dimensional direction. In this way, the observer can more easily align the position of the eye with the viewing zone by performing an operation with the handle 40.
Furthermore, the mirror 30 is preferably formed in a size that allows the observer to observe only the images of the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer. In this way, light unnecessary for observation from the observer's background or the like enters the mirror 30 and is difficult to enter the observer's eyes, so that the position of the eye can be more easily aligned with the viewing zone. it can.
Other configurations and operational effects are almost the same as those of the observation apparatus of the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram in which the observation apparatus according to Example 4 of the present invention is applied to a display device for a surgical stereomicroscope.
The surgical stereomicroscope shown in FIG. 6 is similar to the surgical stereomicroscope shown in FIG. 4. The left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R of the affected part O captured through the microscope main body 50 are used. An image with parallax is projected onto the display panel 15.
The observation apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes an LCD monitor 70 instead of the mirror 15 in the observation apparatus according to the first embodiment and a TV camera 80.
The TV camera 80 captures the peripheral region where the enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the left-eye and right-eye exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R are formed by zero-order light on the face of the observer. Further, the support member 60 is provided.
The LCD monitor 70 displays an image of the peripheral region where the enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _{R formed} by the zero-order light on the face of the observer imaged by the TV camera 80 are formed. It is configured.
Other configurations are almost the same as those of the observation apparatuses of the first and second embodiments.

According to the observation apparatus of the fourth embodiment, the observer has enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R displayed on the LCD monitor 70 by the zero-order light on the face of the observer. By observing the image of the peripheral area to be formed, the observer can easily position the positions of the eyes EL and ER of the observer in the viewing area, similarly to the observation devices of the first and second embodiments. In addition, it is not necessary to use a projection device for misalignment warning like the conventional observation device, and it is possible to reduce the burden on the observer such as narrowing of the work space and difficulty in observation of the observation image due to flare light. .
Furthermore, in the observation apparatus of the fourth embodiment, the TV camera 80 has enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ of the left-eye and right-eye exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R with zero-order light on the face of the observer. It is preferable to configure the angle of view so that only the peripheral region to be imaged can be imaged. In this way, it becomes difficult for the TV camera 80 to capture an image unnecessary for observation from the background of the observer, and the surroundings where the enlarged images 21 _L ′ and 21 _R ′ displayed on the LCD monitor 70 are formed. Since it becomes easy to observe the image of the region, the position of the eye can be more easily aligned with the viewing zone.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram in which the observation apparatus according to Example 5 of the present invention is applied to a display device for a surgical stereomicroscope.
The surgical stereomicroscope of FIG. 7 is similar to the surgical stereomicroscope of FIG. 4 in that the left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R of the affected part O captured through the microscope main body 50 are used. An image with parallax is projected onto the display panel 15.
In the observation apparatus according to the fifth embodiment, the TV camera 80 in the observation apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes the projection optical systems 12 _L and 12 _R of the left-eye and right-eye projection apparatuses 20 _L and 20 _{R using} the first-order diffracted light. Only when the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer are located in the region where the observation exit pupils 21 _L and 21 _R are formed by magnifying the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R , respectively. The support member 60 is provided so as to capture images of the eyes EL and ER.
The LCD monitor 70 is configured to display images of the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer imaged by the TV camera 80.

According to the observation apparatus of the fifth embodiment, the observer observes the images of the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer displayed on the LCD monitor 70, thereby observing the observation apparatuses of the first and second embodiments. Similarly, the observer can easily align the positions of the eyes EL and ER of the observer to the viewing zone, and it is not necessary to use a projection device for misalignment warning like a conventional observation device. It is possible to reduce the burden on the observer, such as narrowing of the work space and difficulty in observing the observation image due to flare light.
Furthermore, in the observation apparatus of the fifth embodiment, the TV camera 80 is preferably configured to have an angle of view that can capture only the images of the left and right eyes EL and ER of the observer. This makes it difficult for the TV camera 80 to capture an image unnecessary for observation from the observer's background and the like, and makes it easier to observe the left and right eye images of the observer displayed on the LCD monitor 70. The position of the eye can be aligned with the viewing zone more easily.
Other configurations and operational effects are almost the same as those of the observation apparatus of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram in which the observation apparatus according to Example 6 of the present invention is applied to a display device for a surgical stereomicroscope.
The surgical microscope of FIG. 8 has the parallax of the affected part O captured by the left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R via the microscope main body 50 in the same manner as the surgical stereoscopic microscope of FIG. The projected image is projected onto the display panel 15.
The observation device of the sixth embodiment is provided with a forehead 90 as a positioning means. The mirror 30 in the observation device of the first to third embodiments, the LCD monitor 70 and the TV camera 80 in the observation devices of the fourth and fifth embodiments. Etc. are not provided.
The forehead support 90 has a tip 90a formed of a buffer member. The forehead support 90 projects the left and right eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R by the first-order diffracted light when the observer puts the forehead on the tip 90 a. Are fixed to the support member 60 so as to be positioned in the imaging regions of the enlarged images 21 _L and 21 _R of the exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R.
The support member 60 connects the display panel 15 and the forehead support 90 so that the relative position is kept constant.
Other configurations and operational effects are almost the same as those of the observation apparatus of the fifth embodiment.

According to the observation device of the sixth embodiment, the eyes can be easily searched without looking for the viewing zone while moving the image to adjust the viewing zone while observing the image reflected on the mirror or the LCD, or without adjusting the position of the display panel. Can be aligned with the viewing zone. In addition, since the posture of the observer can be maintained, the burden on the observer can be further reduced.
Moreover, in the observation apparatus of Example 6, since the positioning means is configured by the forehead support 90 that supports the frontal head close to the eyes of the observer, the position of the eyes can be positioned with high accuracy.
Further, according to the observation apparatus of Example 6, the forehead support 90 is kept constant with respect to the display panel 15 via the support member 60, so even when the display panel 15 is moved. By applying the observer's forehead to the forehead pad 90, the observer's eyes can always be positioned in the viewing zone.
In the configuration of FIG. 8, the forehead support 90 is fixed to the display panel 15 via the support member 60, but the forehead support 90 may be directly fixed to the display panel 15.

  In the observation apparatus of the sixth embodiment, the positioning unit may be configured by a member that supports the occipital region such as a neck pad instead of the member that supports the forehead region such as the forehead support 90. By doing so, in addition to being able to easily align the position of the eye with the viewing zone, the reclining effect can be given by leaning on the observer.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram in which the observation apparatus according to Example 7 of the present invention is applied to a display device for a surgical stereomicroscope.
The surgical microscope of FIG. 9 has the parallax of the affected area O captured by the left-eye and right-eye projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R via the microscope main body 50 in the same manner as the surgical stereoscopic microscope of FIG. The projected image is projected onto the display panel 15.
The observation apparatus of Example 7 includes the display panel 15 and the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the support member 60, the back head support member (back head support) 100 as positioning means, the position The light-emitting unit 110, the light-receiving unit 111, and the digitizer 112 as detection means, and the navigation control unit 120, the left-right direction rotation drive unit 130, and the up-down direction rotation drive unit 140 as follow-up means are configured.

The back head support member 100 is provided on the chair 101.
The light emitting units 100 are provided in at least three places on the back surface of the occipital region supporting member 100.
The light receiving unit 111 is provided in the digitizer 112.
The digitizer 112 has a function of converting the position information of the occipital head support member 100 into three-dimensional coordinates using the light received through the light receiving unit 111 and detecting it.
The navigation control unit 120 uses the position information of the occipital region support member 100 detected via the digitizer 112 to enlarge the enlarged image 21 _L of the exit pupil of the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R using the first-order diffracted light diffracted by the display panel 15. The amount of movement and the direction of movement of the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R and the display panel 15 necessary for positioning the left and right eyes of the observer in the 21 _R imaging region are calculated. The direction rotation drive unit 140 has a function of transmitting a drive signal for rotating at a predetermined amount of rotation.
The left-right direction rotation drive unit 130 is fixed to a support member 61 extending from the microscope main body 50. Further, based on the drive signal transmitted from the navigation control unit 120, the support member 62 is held so as to be rotatable by a predetermined amount in the left-right direction (arrow A direction).
The vertical rotation drive unit 140 is fixed to the support member 62. Further, based on the drive signal transmitted from the navigation control unit 112, the support member 60 is held so as to be rotatable by a predetermined amount in the vertical direction (arrow B direction).

According to the observation apparatus of Example 7 configured in this manner, the digitizer 112 receives light from the light emitting unit 110 provided on the occipital region supporting member 100 via the light receiving unit 111, whereby the occipital region supporting member 100. The position of is detected. Next, based on the position information detected via the digitizer 112, the navigation control unit 120 calculates the movement amounts and movement directions of the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R and the display panel 15. Next, based on the movement amount and movement direction calculated via the navigation control unit 120, the left-right direction rotation drive unit 130 and the up-down direction rotation drive unit 140 rotate the support members 62, 60 by a predetermined amount, respectively.
Thereby, according to the observation apparatus of Example 7, the projection apparatuses 20 _L and 20 _R and the display panel 15 move following the movement of the occipital support member 100, and the relative positional relationship between them is always kept constant. .
For this reason, according to the observation apparatus of Example 7, even if the observer moves the observation position, the chair 101 is moved to that position, and the back of the head support member 100 is applied to the back of the head to sit on the chair 101. Thus, the position of the eye is aligned with the viewing zone. For this reason, the observer can freely move the observation position without considering the alignment of the eye with the viewing zone, and can observe a good observation image.

In the observation apparatus of Example 7, the light emitting unit 110 is provided on the occipital region support member 100, and the horizontal rotation driving unit 130 and the vertical rotation driving unit 140 are connected to the display panel 15 and the projection devices 20 _L and 20 _R. The structure in which the supporting member 60 to be supported is provided so as to be movable in a predetermined direction has been described. However, the light emitting unit 110 is provided in the vicinity of the display panel 15, and the left-right direction rotation driving unit 130 and the up-down direction rotation driving unit 140 are provided. The back head support member 100 may be provided so as to be movable in a predetermined direction by a predetermined amount.

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to the projection observation apparatus is shown. However, the configuration of the observation apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the projection observation apparatus. For example, the parallax barrier method is used. The present invention is also applicable to a stereoscopic observation apparatus that displays an image on the display panel itself and guides left and right images with parallax to the left and right eyes of the observer.

  For example, the configuration of the projection observation apparatus of Example 3 is applied to a stereoscopic observation apparatus including a parallax barrier type display panel, and the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned at positions where the left and right images with parallax can be observed. Only occasionally, a mirror (mirror 30 in the observation apparatus of Example 3) that projects the image of the left and right eyes of the observer so that the observer can observe the display panel in the vicinity of the display panel. You may prepare so that a relative position may be fixed.

  In addition, for example, the configuration of the projection observation apparatus according to the sixth embodiment is applied to a stereoscopic observation apparatus including a parallax barrier type display panel so that the left and right eyes of the observer can observe right and left images with parallax. Positioning means for fixing at least a part of the observer's body (forehead support 90 or neck support in the observation apparatus of Example 6) may be provided so that the position is fixed.

  Further, for example, the configuration of the projection observation apparatus of the seventh embodiment is applied to a stereoscopic observation apparatus including a parallax barrier type display panel, and position information of positioning means (the back head support member 100 in the observation apparatus of the seventh embodiment). Positioning means for detecting position information (light emitting unit 110, light receiving part 111 and digitizer 112 in the observation apparatus of Example 7) and positioning means and image display based on position information detected by the positioning means position information detecting means Follow-up means for moving the display panel according to the calculated movement amount and movement direction (in the observation apparatus of Example 7), which calculates the movement amount and movement direction of the display panel necessary to keep the relative position with the means constant. The navigation control unit 120, the left-right direction rotation drive unit 130, and the up-down direction rotation drive unit 140) may be provided.

  The observation device of the present invention is suitable for a display device for a surgical microscope that stereoscopically observes an observation object in a limited viewing zone.

It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the projection observation apparatus which can apply this invention, (a) is a schematic block diagram of a transmission type | mold stereoscopic projection observation apparatus, (b) is a schematic block diagram of a reflection type stereoscopic projection observation apparatus. In the stereoscopic projection viewing system 10 of FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of pupil 21 _L, 21 _R for observation of an enlarged exit pupil 16 _L, 16 _R is imaged at the position of the observer's eyes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is principal part explanatory drawing which shows the principle of the observation apparatus concerning Example 1 of this invention, (a) is the figure which looked at the observation apparatus from the side, (b) is the observation apparatus of (a) from the diagonally back of a display panel. FIG. It is the schematic diagram which applied the observation apparatus concerning Example 2 of this invention to the display apparatus of the stereo microscope for surgery. It is principal part explanatory drawing which looked at the observation apparatus concerning Example 3 of this invention from the side. It is the schematic diagram which applied the observation apparatus concerning Example 4 of this invention to the display apparatus of the stereo microscope for surgery. It is the schematic diagram which applied the observation apparatus concerning Example 5 of this invention to the display apparatus of the stereo microscope for surgery. It is the schematic diagram which applied the observation apparatus concerning Example 6 of this invention to the display apparatus of the stereo microscope for surgery. It is the schematic diagram which applied the observation apparatus concerning Example 7 of this invention to the display apparatus of the stereo microscope for surgery.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Stereoscopic projection observation apparatus _11L , _11R Display element _12L , _12R Projection optical system 13 Imaging optical system 14 Diffusion plate 15 Display panel _16L , _16R Exit pupil _20L , _20R Projection apparatus _21L , _21R Exit pupil for observation (by primary light) (magnified images of exit pupils 16 _L and 16 _R )
21 _L ', 21 _R ' exit pupil for observation (by 0th order light) (magnified images of exit pupils 16 _L , 16 _R )
30 Mirror 40 Handle 50 (for operation) Microscope main body 50a Recess 60, 61, 62 Support member 60a Movable part 70 LCD monitor 80 TV camera 90 Forehead support 90a Tip part 100 Rear head support member (back head support)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Chair 110 Light-emitting part 111 Light-receiving part 112 Digitizer 120 Navigation control part 130 Left-right direction rotation drive part 140 Vertical direction rotation drive part EL, ER

Claims (15)

Arranged in the vicinity of the image projected through the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means for projecting the left-eye image and the right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means, In the observation apparatus having image display means for forming the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer,
Reflecting means for projecting at least a part of the face of the observer's face so that the observer can observe the image display means so that the relative position with the image display means is fixed in the vicinity of the image display means. An observation apparatus characterized by comprising. Arranged in the vicinity of the image projected through the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means for projecting the left-eye image and the right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means, In the observation apparatus having image display means for forming the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer,
An observation apparatus comprising: an imaging unit that captures at least a partial region of the face of the observer; and a display unit that displays an image captured by the imaging unit, in the vicinity of the image display unit. Arranged in the vicinity of the image projected through the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means for projecting the left-eye image and the right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means, In the observation apparatus having image display means for forming the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer,
At least a part of the observer's body is fixed so that the left and right eyes of the observer are fixed in the imaging region of the exit pupil of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by the first-order diffracted light. An observation apparatus comprising positioning means for positioning. In an observation apparatus having image display means for displaying an image and guiding left and right images with parallax to the left and right eyes of an observer,
Only when the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned so that the left and right images with the parallax can be observed, at least a part of the area of the face of the observer is projected so that the observer can observe. The observation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reflection unit is provided so that a relative position of the reflection unit is fixed in the vicinity of the image display unit. When the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned in the region where the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means by the primary light are imaged, the image display means is zero-order light. The exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means according to the above are configured to form an image at a predetermined position off the left and right eyes on the face of the observer,
Reflection means for projecting so that the observer can observe a peripheral region where the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by the zero-order light on the face of the observer are imaged; The observation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the observation apparatus is provided so that a relative position with the image display unit is fixed in the vicinity of the image display unit.   Only when the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned in the imaging region of the exit pupil of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by the first-order diffracted light, the images of the left and right eyes of the observer are observed. The observation unit according to claim 1, further comprising a reflection unit that reflects the image display unit so that a person can observe the image, so that a relative position to the image display unit is fixed in the vicinity of the image display unit. apparatus. Arranged in the vicinity of the image projected through the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means for projecting the left-eye image and the right-eye image, and the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means, In the observation apparatus having image display means for forming the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means at positions of the left and right eyes of the observer,
When the left and right eyes of the observer are positioned in the region where the exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projecting means by the primary light are imaged, the image display means is zero-order light. The exit pupils of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means according to the above are configured to form an image at a predetermined position off the left and right eyes on the face of the observer,
0th-order light exit pupil imaging peripheral area detection means for photographing a peripheral area where the exit pupil of the left-eye and right-eye image projection means by the 0th-order light on the face of the observer is imaged; An observation apparatus comprising: a zero-order light exit pupil imaging peripheral area display means for displaying an image photographed by a secondary light exit pupil imaging peripheral area detection means, in the vicinity of the image display means.   The image display means and the left-eye and right-eye image projection means include moving means capable of moving in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional direction with their relative positions fixed. The observation apparatus according to claim 1. Having image display means for displaying the image and guiding the left and right images with parallax to the left and right eyes of the observer;
It is provided with positioning means for positioning at least a part of the observer's body so that the right and left eyes of the observer can be fixed at a position where the left and right images with parallax can be observed. The observation apparatus according to claim 3.   The observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the positioning means is a forehead support member.   The observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the positioning unit is a occipital support member.   The observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a relative position between the positioning unit and the image display unit is kept constant.   The observation apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the positioning unit is fixed to the image display unit directly or via a connecting member. Positioning means position information detecting means for detecting position information of the positioning means;
Based on the position information detected by the positioning means position information detection means, the amount of movement and the direction of movement of the image display means necessary to keep the relative position between the positioning means and the image display means constant are calculated. The observation apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising: a tracking unit that moves the image display unit according to the calculated movement amount and movement direction. Image display means position information detection means for detecting position information of the image display means;
Based on the position information detected by the image display means position information detection means, the amount of movement and the direction of movement of the positioning means necessary to keep the relative positional relationship between the image display means and the positioning means constant are calculated. The observation apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising: a tracking unit that moves the positioning unit according to the calculated movement amount and movement direction.