JP2006188918A - Tunnel waterproof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily repair a water leakage part even if a water leakage occurs in a tunnel after construction regarding a tunnel waterproof structure of a watertight tunnel or the like. <P>SOLUTION: The tunnel waterproof structure provided with a waterproof layer formed of waterproof sheets or the like at a tunnel lining back face, is formed with a plurality of waterproof sections by partitioning a boundary part between the waterproof layer and lining by water barriers having projections projected onto the lining side, and provided with a cut-off material injection means for injecting a cut-off material between the waterproof layer and the lining for every waterproof section. As the cut-off material injection means, a grout hose having a large number of small through holes in the peripheral surface is mounted to the inner surface of the waterproof layer, and both ends thereof are exposed into a tunnel space. Alternatively, as the cut-off material injection means, a grout disk is mounted to the inner surface of the waterproof layer, and the other end of a cut-off material injection hose communicating with the grout disk is exposed into the tunnel space. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a waterproof structure for a tunnel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a tunnel waterproof structure suitable for application in construction of a watertight tunnel, for example.

  Conventionally, for example, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, when water leakage occurs in an existing tunnel T, the water leakage portion on the inner surface of the lining concrete 3 is scraped off with a tool or the like to cut a V-shaped or U-shaped cross section. A recessed groove g is formed, a drain hose h is accommodated in the groove g and embedded with a caulking material c or a sealing material s, and a cover plate b is attached to the surface with an anchor bolt a or the like. As a result, the water that has entered the tunnel from the above water leakage location is guided to the drain groove d at the lower part of the tunnel through the drain hose h, and drained out of the tunnel through the drain groove d.

  However, in order to perform the waste water treatment as described above, facilities and work for forming the cut groove g in the lining concrete 3 are necessary, and there is a problem that construction takes a lot of labor, time and cost. . Moreover, the treatment method as described above does not prevent leakage of water into the tunnel itself, but simply drains water while allowing leakage, so that wastewater treatment requires equipment and costs, and only the amount drained. The surrounding ground will be loosened, and the lining concrete and the like may be gradually eroded due to water leaking into the tunnel, leading to a decrease in durability.

  Therefore, for example, water leakage can be stopped by injecting a water-stopping material such as urethane on the back side of the lining concrete, but in order to perform such operations, it is necessary to drill holes in the lining concrete with a hammer drill or the like. There is. However, since reinforced concrete usually contains reinforcing bars, it takes a lot of time and labor to drill holes to avoid it. Moreover, there is a possibility that a hole is accidentally formed in a waterproof sheet or the like laid on the back surface of the lining by drilling, and there is a risk of further increasing the amount of water leakage.

  On the other hand, as in Patent Document 1 below, for example, when a repair material injection pipe is embedded in advance between shotcrete and lining concrete, and water leakage occurs, the shotcrete and lining concrete are injected from the injection pipe. In the meantime, it has been proposed to repair water leakage by injecting repair materials.

  However, normally, when placing lining concrete, a movable lining formwork is installed at the construction position, and the concrete is blown while pouring so that the concrete is blown up from the vicinity of the top end portion. Therefore, it is inevitable that there is a certain gap between the back of the lining concrete and the waterproof sheet or shotcrete. Therefore, even if injection is performed from the location where the water leakage has occurred and the water leakage in that portion is stopped, the water may move through the gap on the back of the lining concrete, and water leakage may occur in a new weak location. Therefore, if there is water leakage at one location, it is necessary to inject the repair material over the entire length of the tunnel, which is very troublesome.

JP 2003-176698 A

  The present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel waterproof structure capable of easily repairing a water leakage location even when water leakage occurs in the tunnel structure after construction. .

  In order to achieve the above object, the tunnel waterproof structure according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, in a tunnel waterproof structure in which a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet or the like is provided on the backside of the tunnel, the boundary between the backside of the tunnel and the waterproof layer has a ridge that protrudes toward the inner surface side of the waterproof layer. In addition to partitioning into a plurality of waterproof compartments by a barrier, each of the plurality of waterproof compartments is provided with injection means capable of injecting an injection material between the lining back surface and the waterproof layer.

  In general, when water leakage occurs due to damage to a waterproof layer such as a waterproof sheet, it often leaks into the tunnel from the tunnel lining, that is, the lining of the lining concrete, followed by cracks in the lining concrete. Leak from water etc. However, according to the present invention, the barrier prevents the water leakage from the waterproof layer from passing through the gap between the waterproof layer and the back of the lining, and the water leaks to the adjacent compartment. It is limited to this, and further expansion is prevented. Therefore, when water leaks, water-stopping material such as urethane is injected from the injection means (grouting hose, grouting disc) only to the section, so that labor for drilling the lining is not required. The predetermined watertightness can be restored by repairing the water leakage safely and reliably without risk of damaging the waterproof sheet. This is not necessary if there is no water leak, but it will be insurance in the future.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments of the drawings in which the present invention is applied to a watertight tunnel. 1 is a perspective view of a water-tight tunnel constructed with a tunnel waterproof structure according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view thereof, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A in FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG.

  The watertight tunnel of the illustrated example has a waterproof layer 2 made of a waterproof sheet or the like on the inner surface of the excavated tunnel T or on the inner surface of the shotcrete 1 cast on the inner surface of the tunnel T so as to have almost the entire length in the tunnel circumferential direction and the tunnel axis direction. It is provided over. The waterproof layer 2 may be provided with a buffer material 2a made of a nonwoven fabric or a temporary drainage material 2b made of a water-permeable material, if necessary.

  Further, as the waterproof sheet for forming the waterproof layer 2 as described above, for example, a sheet made of a thermoplastic resin is used, and those formed in a predetermined size in advance are sequentially arranged on the inner surface of the tunnel T or the shotcrete 1. If it arrange | positions and it adjoins sequentially by adjoining sheet | seat materials by heat welding etc., it can lay easily.

  Covering concrete is placed as tunnel lining (or secondary lining) 3 on the inner surface of the waterproof layer 2 laid on the inner surface of the tunnel directly or via the shotcrete 1 or the like as described above. At that time, by providing a water barrier 4 having a protrusion 41 projecting toward the lining 3 between the lining 3 by the lining concrete and the waterproof layer 2, the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3 are provided. A water-stopping material injection means for injecting a water-stopping material between the lining 3 and the waterproof layer 2 in each of the water-proofing partitions while partitioning the boundary portion into a plurality of water-proofing sections. This is provided for each waterproof compartment.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the water barrier 4 has a plurality of protrusions 41 projecting toward the lining 3 and extending in the circumferential direction of the tunnel as shown in FIG. The water barrier 4 is provided over almost the entire length in the circumferential direction of the tunnel in the figure, and each protrusion 41 is configured to be continuous in a ring shape in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. Has been.

  In addition, the position of the water barrier 4 in the tunnel extending direction (axial direction), that is, the partitioning position of the waterproof section S can be easily recognized from the tunnel after the lining 3 is applied to the inner surface. It is desirable to provide it at a position corresponding to 3 joints. In the illustrated example, as shown in FIG. 2, a water barrier 4 is provided for each predetermined tunnel extension, that is, for each joint of the lining 3, and the lining is provided at the center in the width direction of the strip-shaped water barrier 4 that is long in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. 3 joints are located.

  By providing the water barrier 4 extending in the tunnel circumferential direction at a predetermined position in the tunnel extending direction on the inner surface of the waterproof layer 2 as described above, between the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3 constructed on the inner surface side thereof. The boundary portion is partitioned into a plurality in the tunnel axis direction by the water barrier 4, whereby a large number of waterproof compartments S are formed in the tunnel axis direction.

  In addition, between the adjacent protrusions 41 and 41 of the water barrier 4, as shown in FIG. It is desirable to arrange 4a and the injection hose 4b along the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 41. And when an unfilled part arises, if the air which remains from the said exhaust hose 4a is discharged | emitted while injecting concrete etc. from the said injection | pouring hose 4b, concrete etc. will be filled easily in the said unfilled part. be able to.

  Next, at each boundary portion between the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3, a waterproofing material injection means 5 for injecting a waterproofing material into the boundary portion to perform a waterproofing treatment is provided with each waterproof section S. In this embodiment, a liquid-permeable grout hose 50 having a large number of through-holes on the peripheral surface is used as the water-stopping material injection means 5. In the grout hose 50, a water-stopping material such as urethane or cement milk can be circulated on the peripheral surface through a small through hole, and a clogging of the lining concrete blocks the through small hole in the peripheral surface to block the clog. A structure that prevents clogging that does not occur is used.

  In the present embodiment, six grout hoses 50 are provided for each waterproofing section S in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and the longitudinal direction of each grout hose 50 is substantially parallel to the tunnel extension direction (axial direction). As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, both ends are fixed by fixing bands 50b fixed to the waterproof layer 2 by welding or the like. Further, both end portions 50a of each of the grout hoses 50 are disposed so as to pass through the cover 3 constructed on the inner surface side of the waterproof layer 2 and be exposed to the tunnel space side in the vicinity of the joint of the cover 3. .

  In addition, you may form the both ends 50a of each said grout hose 50 with the non-liquid-permeable hose which does not have a through-hole. Moreover, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in order to clarify the arrangement configuration of the water barrier 4 and the grout hose 50 as the water-stopping material injection means 5, the lining 3 is represented by a virtual line (two-dot chain line). .

  In the above configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. 5A, in the event that water leaks at any position in the tunnel T, the grout hose 50 in the waterproof compartment S where the water leak has occurred, In particular, a water stop treatment such as filling and filling a water stop material between the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3 from the grout hose 50 above the water leak position to close the water leak portion, As shown in FIG. 5 (b), the water stop material is injected in order from the grout hose 50 at the highest position on the tunnel top end side. Do it. In this case, since the water leakage range does not extend beyond the waterproof section S where water leakage has occurred due to the water barrier 4, the water stop material is injected from all the grout hoses 50 in the waterproof section S at the maximum. Good.

  Further, if both ends of the grout hose 50 pass through the lining 3 and are exposed in the tunnel space as shown in the illustrated example, a water stop material is injected from one end side thereof and overflows from the other end side. By injecting until it comes out, it becomes possible to perform more complete injection filling and confirmation of the situation easily. If there is no overflow of the water stop material to the other end side, the water stop material can be injected also from the other end side.

  In the above embodiment, the grout hose 50 is used as the water-stopping material injection means 5, but a grout disk or the like can be used instead. FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 show an example, and a disc-shaped grout disk 51 is freely discharged around the inner surface of a waterproof layer 2 made of a waterproof sheet or the like laid in the same manner as in the above embodiment. It is arranged and fixed at a predetermined interval. In particular, in the case of FIGS. 9A and 9B, the flange portion 51a of the grout disk 51 is integrally provided, and welded portions 51b with the waterproof layer 2 are provided at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the flange portion 51a. The non-welding part 51c is provided between the welding parts 51b and 51b adjacent in the direction.

  When the grouting disk 51 has a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 9B, the grouting disk 51 is solid so as to be less deformable than the waterproof sheet constituting the waterproof layer 2, and is directly or sprayed on the inner surface of the tunnel. When the flexible waterproof layer 2 laid through the concrete 1 or the like is wavy, the non-welded portion 51c is floated with respect to the waterproof layer 2 by partially welding the peripheral edge of the disk which is difficult to deform, and is stopped. The water material can be discharged freely.

  The grout disk 51 may have a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 9 (c), and a welded part 51b and a non-welded part 51c with the waterproof layer 2 on the flange part 51a of the flattened bowl-shaped grout disk 51. Are alternately provided in the circumferential direction, and the water stop material is discharged through the non-welded portion 51c.

  The grout disc 51 is integrally provided with a water stop material injection hose 52 communicating with the inside of the disc, and the end of the injection hose 52 opposite to the disc 51 penetrates the lining and enters the tunnel space. Since the injection hose 52 may be a short one that allows the injection port of the water-stopping material into the grout disk 51 to be discharged to the inner surface of the lining 3, there is little risk of crushing, etc. Since the injection hose 52 does not have to have a special structure like the grout hose 50, it can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.

  In the above configuration, when water leaks in the tunnel as described above, the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3 are connected to each other through the grout disk 51 from the injection hose 52 in the waterproof section S where the water leak has occurred. In the illustrated embodiment, when a water stop material is injected into the grout disk 51 from the end of the injection hose 52 exposed on the tunnel space side, the disk is stopped. A water-stopping material flows between the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3 from a non-welded portion between the peripheral flange portion 51a of the 51 and the waterproof layer 2, so that the water leakage portion is closed.

  In each of the above embodiments, the water barrier 4 is provided in the tunnel circumferential direction to form a large number of waterproof sections S in the tunnel extension direction (axial direction). However, the water barrier 4 is provided in the tunnel axial direction to provide a tunnel circumferential direction. A large number of waterproof compartments S may be formed on each other, or water barriers 4 may be provided in both the tunnel circumferential direction and the axial direction to form a large number of waterproof compartments S in both the tunnel axial direction and the circumferential direction. May be.

  Moreover, although the said embodiment showed the example applied to the watertight type | mold tunnel which provides a waterproof layer all around a tunnel, For example, it can apply also to the type of tunnel which provides a waterproof layer only in the arch part except the invert part of a tunnel. it can.

  As described above, the tunnel waterproof structure according to the present invention forms a waterproof partition by partitioning the boundary between the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3 into a plurality by providing a water barrier at the time of tunnel construction. In the unlikely event that water leakage occurs in the tunnel by simply providing a water stop material injection means for injecting a water stop material between the waterproof layer and the lining for each compartment, By injecting a water-stopping material between the waterproof layer and the lining by the water-stopping material injection means, the water leakage portion is blocked, and the water stop treatment can be easily performed.

The perspective view of the tunnel which shows one Embodiment of the tunnel waterproof structure by this invention. The vertical side view of the said tunnel waterproof structure. The enlarged view of the A section in FIG. BB expanded sectional view in FIG. (A) And (b) Sectional drawing before and after a water leak process. The perspective view of the tunnel which shows other embodiment of the tunnel waterproof structure by this invention. The vertical side view of the said tunnel waterproof structure. The enlarged view of the A section in FIG. (A) is a top view of a grout disk, (b) is the sectional view, (c) is a sectional view of a modification. Explanatory drawing of the conventional tunnel water leakage treatment method. An enlarged cross-sectional plan view of a part thereof.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shotcrete 2 Waterproofing layer 3 Covering 4 Water barrier 41 Projection 5 Water stop material injection means 50 Grout hose 51 Grout disk 52 Water stop material injection hose T Tunnel S Waterproof section

However, normally, when placing lining concrete, a movable lining formwork is installed at the construction position, and the concrete is blown while pouring so that the concrete is blown up from the vicinity of the top end portion. Therefore, it is inevitable that there is a certain gap between the back of the lining concrete and the shotcrete . Therefore, even if injection is performed from the location where the water leakage has occurred and the water leakage in that portion is stopped, the water may move through the gap on the back of the lining concrete, and water leakage may occur in a new weak location. Therefore, if there is water leakage at one location, it is necessary to inject the repair material over the entire length of the tunnel, which is very troublesome.

JP 2003-176698 A JP 2000-337096 A

In order to achieve the above object, the tunnel waterproof structure according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, in a tunnel waterproof structure in which a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet or the like is provided on the rear surface of the tunnel lining , the boundary between the waterproof layer and the lining is a water barrier having a ridge protruding toward the lining side. A plurality of waterproof sections are formed by partitioning, and for each of the waterproof sections, there is provided a water stop material injection means for injecting a water stop material between the waterproof layer and the lining, and the water stop material injection means A grout hose having a large number of through-holes on the surface is attached to the inner surface of the waterproof layer in a state of being arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the tunnel axis direction, and both ends of the grout hose penetrate the lining and enter the tunnel space. It is characterized by being exposed to. Or, in a tunnel waterproof structure in which a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet or the like is provided on the back of the tunnel lining, a boundary between the waterproof layer and the lining is a water barrier having a ridge protruding to the lining side. A plurality of waterproof sections are formed by partitioning, and a waterproof material injection means for injecting a waterproof material between the waterproof layer and the lining is provided for each waterproof section, and the waterproof material injection means is flat. Attach a bottomed bowl-shaped grout disk to the inner surface of the waterproof layer, let one end of an injection hose that injects a water blocking material into the grout disk communicate with the grout disk, and cover the other end of the injection hose. It is characterized by being penetrated and exposed in the tunnel space .

In order to achieve the above object, the tunnel waterproof structure according to the present invention has the following configuration. That is, in a tunnel waterproofing structure in which a waterproof layer on the tunnel lining back made of tarpaulins etc., the interface between the lining and the waterproof layer, a water barrier having a ridge projecting above the lining side A plurality of waterproof sections are formed by partitioning, and a water stop material injection means for injecting a water stop material between the waterproof layer and the lining for each waterproof section is provided. A flat bowl-shaped grout disk is attached to the inner surface of the waterproof layer, and one end of an injection hose for injecting a water-stopping material into the grout disk is communicated with the grout disk, and the other end of the injection hose is covered. And is exposed in the tunnel space.

In general, when water leakage occurs due to damage to a waterproof layer such as a waterproof sheet, it often leaks into the tunnel from the tunnel lining, that is, the lining of the lining concrete, followed by cracks in the lining concrete. Leak from water etc. However, according to the present invention, the barrier prevents the water leakage from the waterproof layer from passing through the gap between the waterproof layer and the back of the lining, and the water leaks to the adjacent compartment. It is limited to this, and further expansion is prevented. Therefore, when water leakage occurs, the water stopping material of grout disk or al urethane is injection means, by limiting injected only to the partition, without requiring the effort to drilling the lining, also waterproof The predetermined water tightness can be restored by repairing water leakage safely and reliably without risk of damaging the seat. This is not necessary if there is no water leak, but it will be insurance in the future.

Hereinafter, per To describe the embodiment of FIGS. 6-9 of the present invention is applied to a watertight tunnel will be described reference example relating to the configuration of the waterproof layer and a waterproof compartment such as a a prerequisite. 1 is a perspective view of a watertight tunnel having a tunnel waterproof structure using a grout hose as a water stop material injection means as a reference example thereof , FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.

Next, at each boundary portion between the waterproof layer 2 and the lining 3, a waterproofing material injection means 5 for injecting a waterproofing material into the boundary portion to perform a waterproofing treatment is provided with each waterproof section S. In this example , a liquid-permeable grout hose 50 having a large number of through-holes on the peripheral surface is used as the water-stopping material injection means 5. In the grout hose 50, a water-stopping material such as urethane or cement milk can be circulated on the peripheral surface through a small through hole, and a clogging of the lining concrete blocks the through small hole in the peripheral surface to block the clog. A structure that prevents clogging that does not occur is used.

In this example , six grout hoses 50 are provided in the circumferential direction of the tunnel for each waterproof section S, and the longitudinal direction of each grout hose 50 is substantially parallel to the tunnel extension direction (axial direction). As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, both ends are fixed by fixing bands 50b fixed to the waterproof layer 2 by welding or the like. Further, both end portions 50a of each of the grout hoses 50 are disposed so as to pass through the cover 3 constructed on the inner surface side of the waterproof layer 2 and be exposed to the tunnel space side in the vicinity of the joint of the cover 3. .

The above reference example, was used grout hose 50 as the water stopping material injection means 5, it is obtained using a grout disc in the present invention. FIG. 6 to FIG. 9 show an embodiment thereof , and a disc-shaped grout disk 51 is disposed around the inner surface of a waterproof layer 2 made of a waterproof sheet or the like laid in the same manner as the reference example. It is arranged and fixed at a predetermined interval in a dischargeable form. In particular, in the case of FIGS. 9A and 9B, the flange portion 51a of the grout disk 51 is integrally provided, and welded portions 51b with the waterproof layer 2 are provided at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the flange portion 51a. The non-welding part 51c is provided between the welding parts 51b and 51b adjacent in the direction.

Although as above you facilities embodiment forms a plurality of waterproof compartments S is provided a water barrier 4 in the tunnel circumferentially tunnel extending direction (axial direction), provided with a water barrier 4 to the tunnel axis direction Tunnel A large number of waterproof sections S may be formed on the circumference, or the water barrier 4 may be provided in both the tunnel circumferential direction and the axial direction to form a large number of waterproof sections S in both the tunnel axial direction and the circumferential direction. It may be.

The perspective view of the tunnel which has a tunnel waterproof structure of a reference example . The vertical side view of the said tunnel waterproof structure. The enlarged view of the A section in FIG. BB expanded sectional view in FIG. (A) And (b) Sectional drawing before and after a water leak process. The perspective view of the tunnel which shows embodiment of the tunnel waterproof structure by this invention. The vertical side view of the said tunnel waterproof structure. The enlarged view of the A section in FIG. (A) is a top view of a grout disk, (b) is the sectional view, (c) is a sectional view of a modification. Explanatory drawing of the conventional tunnel water leakage treatment method. An enlarged cross-sectional plan view of a part thereof.

Claims (3)

  In a tunnel waterproof structure in which a waterproof layer made of a waterproof sheet or the like is provided on the rear surface of the tunnel lining, a boundary between the waterproof layer and the lining is partitioned by a water barrier having a protrusion protruding toward the lining side. A tunnel waterproof structure characterized in that a plurality of waterproof sections are formed, and a waterproofing material injection means for injecting a waterproof material between the waterproof layer and the lining is provided for each waterproof partition.   A grout hose having a number of through-holes on the peripheral surface as the water-stopping material injection means is attached to the inner surface of the waterproof layer in a state of being arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the tunnel axial direction, and both ends of the grout hose are attached to the inner surface of the waterproof layer. The tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel waterproof structure is exposed through the lining.   A grout disk is attached to the inner surface of the waterproof layer as a means for injecting the water stop material around the grout disk as one of the water stop material injection means, and one end of an injection hose for injecting the water stop material into the grout disk is connected to the grout disk. 2. The tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel waterproof structure is formed by communicating with the inside of the disk and exposing the other end of the injection hose through the lining to the tunnel space.

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