JP2006175371A - Crushing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing apparatus having such a constitution that when the size of crushed particles is made large, the object to be crushed can be crushed in the time shorter than the time to be taken when the size of crushed particles is made small. <P>SOLUTION: An opening being a feeding port of the object to be crushed is arranged in the upper part of a case 31. A rotary crushing body 38 to be rotated by a drive is arranged rotatably in the case 31. A fixed crushing body 46 having a crushing projection for crushing the object to be crushed in corporation with the rotary crushing body 38 is arranged on both of the front wall 28 and back wall 29 of the case 31. A screen 55 having a plurality of crushed particle dropping holes of predetermined size is arranged in a lower opening of the case 31. The fixed crushing bodies 46 are arranged on the front wall 28 and back wall 29 so that the space between the fixed crushing body 46 on the front wall 28 side at the least and the rotary crushing body 38 can be adjusted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing device that crushes concrete blocks, cobblestones, rocks, and the like by rotating crushing rollers provided in a case, and more particularly to a configuration that enables efficient crushing of an object to be crushed that is input from an inlet. .

  Concrete blocks obtained by dismantling concrete structures, cobblestones, rocks, etc. are crushed to a predetermined size and reused. For this crushing, for example, a crushing device as described in Patent Document 1 is used. As shown in FIG. 10, the crushing apparatus includes a case 91 into which an object to be crushed such as a concrete demolition material is charged, a rotary crushing body 93 provided in the case 91, a front wall 94 and a rear of the case 91. A fixed crushed body 96 provided on each of the walls 95 and a fixed crushed body 97 attached to the lower surface opening of the case 91 are provided.

  The rotary crushing body 93 includes a central shaft 98 that is rotationally driven by a motor, two rotary plates 92 having a central portion fixed to the central shaft 98, a plurality of shafts 98 that connect the rotary plates 92, and The crushing roller 99 is rotatably fitted to each shaft 98.

  The fixed crushing body 96 provided at the lower surface opening of the case 91 includes a screen 100 having an arcuate side shape and a holder 102 that supports the screen 100 and attaches it to the case 91 with bolts 101. The screen 100 has a plurality of holes 103 for dropping an object to be crushed. A gap G between the screen 100 and the outermost rotation trajectory of the crushing roller 99 is formed so as to become narrower in a later portion when viewed in the direction in which the rotary crushing body 93 rotates (indicated by an arrow R). . The holder 102 has a mounting plate 104 composed of a vertical plate 104 a and a horizontal plate 104 b on the rear side when viewed in the rotation direction of the rotary crushing body 93, and the horizontal plate 104 b is fixed to the case 91 with bolts 101.

  In this crushing apparatus, an object to be crushed such as rock or concrete introduced into the case 91 is moved between the crushing roller 99 and the fixed crushing body 96 as the rotary crushing body 93 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow R. Then, the material is crushed between the screen 100 and the crushing roller 99 and falls below the size of the hole 103. What has not fallen from the hole 103 is pushed up while being crushed between the rotating crushing body 93 and the rear wall 95, passes over the rotating crushing body 93 again, and between the front wall 94 and the rotating crushing body 93. The crushing operation is performed by repeating the operation of crushing and reaching the screen 100.

JP 2003-278180 A

  In the crushing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 described above, when the crushing waste having a maximum diameter of 4 cm or less is obtained from the concrete block for recycling the concrete block, the length of one side of the square hole 103 provided in the screen 100 is obtained. Crushing to 4 cm. Here, according to the use and demand of the crushing waste, the same concrete block is used as a raw material, and the maximum diameter of the crushing waste is 6 cm or 8 cm. A screen 100 having a size of 8 cm or 10 cm is attached to the lower surface opening of the case 91.

  When such a large hole 103 size is used, it becomes easy for the crushed waste to pass through the hole 103. Therefore, compared with the case of obtaining crushed trash having a maximum diameter of 4 cm, the case 91 can be efficiently and shortly processed. When a standard amount of concrete block to be put is charged, it is expected that the total number of rotations of the rotating crushed body 93 until it is crushed is reduced. However, in practice, there is a problem that even if the size of the hole 103 is increased, the time required for crushing is not shortened much.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention has an object to provide a crushing device having a configuration that enables crushing in a shorter time than a small size when the size of crushing waste obtained by the crushing device is large. To do.

The crushing apparatus according to claim 1 has a case having an opening serving as a charging port for an object to be crushed on the upper part,
A rotationally crushed body that is rotatably provided in the case and is rotated by a driving device;
A fixed crushed body provided on the front wall and the rear wall of the case, and having a crushing projection for crushing a material to be crushed with the rotary crushed body;
A fixed crushed body having a screen provided in the lower opening of the case and provided with a plurality of crushed dust dropping holes of a predetermined size;
Among the front wall and the rear wall, at least a fixed crushed body on the front wall side is provided so as to be able to adjust a distance with respect to the rotating crushed body.

The crushing device according to claim 2 is the method according to claim 1,
As the fixed crush body provided in the lower surface opening of the case, a plurality of types having different sizes of crushing dust dropping holes are provided, and the fixed crush body selected from the plurality of types is attached to the lower surface opening of the case. It is characterized by that.

  In the first aspect of the present invention, since at least the fixed crushed body on the front wall side of the case is provided so as to be capable of adjusting the interval with respect to the rotating crushed body, when obtaining relatively large crushed debris, the position of the fixed crushed body is determined. By separating from the rotationally crushed object, the object to be crushed such as a concrete block is not crushed unnecessarily and finely, and therefore the crushing operation can be performed efficiently in a relatively short time.

  In invention of Claim 2, the various crushing waste from which size differs can be obtained with one crushing apparatus.

  FIG. 1 is a side view of a crusher showing an embodiment of a crushing apparatus according to the present invention. The crushing apparatus of the present invention can be realized as a stationary crushing apparatus or a device installed on the body of a self-propelled crusher as described in Patent Document 1, but this embodiment is a hydraulic excavator. The thing which attaches the crusher attachment 3 to the working arm 2 of the working machine 1 which consists of detachable is shown.

  In the present embodiment, the work implement 1 is configured by attaching a revolving body 6 on a traveling body 4 via a revolving device 5, and attaching a work arm 2 to the revolving body 6. The working arm 2 includes a boom 8 attached to a swing body 6 by a boom cylinder 7 so as to be raised and lowered, and an arm 10 attached to the tip of the boom 8 so as to be vertically rotatable by an arm cylinder 9.

  One end of the crusher attachment 3 is attached to the tip of the arm 10 so as to be freely rotatable by a pin 11. The rotation device of the crusher attachment 3 includes a bucket cylinder 13 having one end connected to the arm 10 by a pin 12 and a pin 14 and 15 connected between the other end of the bucket cylinder 13 and the arm 10 respectively. The arm link 16 is attached, and the bucket link 18 is connected between the other end of the bucket cylinder 13 and the crusher attachment 3 by pins 14 and 17.

  2 to 5 are views showing details of the crusher attachment 3. FIG. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 2 (A), the side view of FIG. 2 (B), the bottom view of FIG. 3 (A), and the plan view of FIG. 3 (B), the crusher attachment 3 The crushing device 22 is provided in the bucket 21 that has the opening portion 23 (see a cross-sectional view in FIG. 4) for attaching a screen 55 and a holder 56 to be described later on the bottom surface of the bucket.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the crushing device 22 forms a case 31 in the bucket 21 by left and right side walls 27, a front wall 28, and a rear wall 29. Bearings 33 are provided in the vicinity of both side plates 21 a of the bucket 21, and a central shaft 34 that is rotatably passed through the side wall 27 is supported by these bearings 33. Near the inner surface of the side wall 27 on the central shaft 34, the centers of the rotating plates 35, 35 facing each other are fixedly attached. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of concentrically arranged shafts (four in the illustrated example) are provided between the rotating plates 35 and 35, with their both ends connected to the rotating plates 35 and 35. A crushing roller 37 is rotatably fitted to each shaft 36. The crushing roller 37 is provided with crushing projections 37b on the outer periphery of a cylindrical body 37a. Thereby, the crushing roller 37 has a configuration that can rotate (revolve) around the shaft 36 and rotate (revolve) in the forward and reverse directions around the center shaft 34. The central shaft 34, the rotating plate 35, the shaft 36 and the crushing roller 37 constitute a rotary crushing body 38.

  2 (A), (B), and FIG. 3 (A), on the opposite side of the excavation claw 20 in the bucket 21, brackets 41 are provided extending from both sides of the bucket 21, A drive motor 40 of the crushing device 22 is attached. Sprockets 42 and 43 are respectively attached to the output shaft and the central shaft 34 of the motor 40, and the rotational force of the motor 40 is transmitted to the rotary crusher 38 by hanging the chains 44 on the sprockets 42 and 43. .

  The front and rear of the rotating crush body 38 are surrounded by the left and right side walls 27, the front wall 28, and the rear wall 29, respectively. The front wall 28 is rotated forward (as indicated by an arrow R in FIG. 4). It is a wall in a position where the upper surface portion of the rotary crushing body 38 approaches when rotating in the crushing operation. Fixed crushed bodies 46 are respectively provided on the inner surfaces of the front wall 28 and the rear wall 29, and the fixed crushed bodies 46 face each other while the crushing roller 37 is rotating.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the fixed crushed body 46 attached to the front wall 28 is attached to the front wall 28 via a shim 47 for adjusting the distance between the fixed crushed body 46 and the rotary crushed body 38. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the mounting structure. A shim 47 is sandwiched between the fixed crushed body 46 and the front wall 28, and a fastening bolt 48 is inserted into the hole 46b of the fixed crushed body 46 from the inner wall side. It is inserted into the hole 47a of the shim 47 and the hole 28a of the front wall 28, accommodated in the head portion 48a of the bolt 48 in the recess 46c provided on the inner wall of the fixed crushing body 46, and the nut 49 is screwed into the bolt 48 and fastened. As a result, the fixed crushed body 46 is fixed to the front wall 28 via the shim 47. As a result, a gap g1 (see FIG. 4) between the lower portion of the fixed crushing body 46 provided on the front wall 28 and the rotation trajectory of the crushing roller 37a of the rotary crushing body 38 is set to the crushing scrap dropping hole 55a of the screen 55 described later. A relatively narrow value corresponding to the size (4 cm × 4 cm in this example) is set.

  In addition, the fixed crush body 46 of this Embodiment is manufactured by casting, and the protrusion 46a is formed in the inner surface. In addition, although this fixed crushing body 46 may use what welded the sphere which consists of a super hard material to the steel plate, manufacturing processes are carried out by manufacturing the fixed crushing body 46 by casting like this Embodiment. It is simplified, suitable for mass production, and contributes to cost reduction.

  As shown in FIGS. 3B and 4, the fixed crushed body 46 provided on the front wall 28 is positioned above the upper part of the rotating crushed body 38 in the posture during the crushing operation in which the bucket 21 faces upward. And the protrusion part 50 which protrudes in the rotation crushing body 38 side and has the processus | protrusion 50a for crushing is provided. Here, it is preferable that the surface 50b on which the crushing protrusion 50a is provided is inclined obliquely downward in order to prevent the object to be crushed from lifting upward and to increase the crushing efficiency.

  The crushing device charging opening 53 at the top of the crushing device 22 is provided with a hopper 54 that protects the crushing device rotation drive device from the crushing material and guides the crushing material to the crushing device 22.

  In the opening 23 below the rotary crushing body 38 in the case 31, as shown in FIG. 4 and a development view of FIG. 6, a screen made of an arc-shaped plate having a plurality of holes 55a of the same size for dropping crushing waste. A fixed crushed body 57 is attached which includes 55 and a holder 56 that supports the screen 55 and is attached to the case 31. The gap G between the screen 55 and the outermost peripheral locus of the crushing roller 37 of the rotary crushing body 38 is formed so as to become gradually narrower in the normal rotation direction of the rotary crushing body 38 so that crushing debris is removed from the hole 55a of the screen 55. It is forced to be pressed down to be dropped, thereby improving the sieving efficiency. The size of the hole 55a is set according to the size of the crushing waste to be obtained (for example, the maximum diameter is 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm).

  In the present embodiment, the screen 55 is integrally formed by casting, and two screens 55 are attached to one holder 56. However, this number can be arbitrarily changed. On the left and right sides of the lower surface of the screen 55, there are four pairs of attachment plates 59 for each screen 55.

  The holder 56 is assembled and welded in a well shape by a plurality of (four in this example) arc-shaped plates 60 whose plate surfaces are oriented vertically and a horizontal coupling plate 61. A mounting plate 62 is provided in common to the plurality of arc-shaped plates 60 at the front portion of the plurality of arc-shaped plates 60, that is, the portion where the crushing roller 37 reaches first by the rotation of the rotating crushing body 38. The mounting plate 62 is a vertical plate 62a fixed to the front ends of a plurality of arc-shaped plates 60 by welding or the like (here, vertical means that the bucket is in a crushing work posture, that is, when the opening 53 is in an upward posture). And a horizontal plate 62b fixed to the front surface of the vertical plate 62a by welding or the like, and the horizontal plate 62b has a bolt insertion hole 63.

  A mounting plate 64 is provided at the upper end of the rear part of the plurality of arcuate plates 60. The mounting plate 64 includes a vertical plate 64a fixed to the plurality of arc-shaped plates 60 by welding or the like, and a horizontal plate 64b fixed to the vertical plate 64a. Bolt insertion holes 65 are provided in the horizontal plate 64b.

  The screen 55 is fixed to the holder 56 by fitting a pair of mounting plates 59 provided on the left and right of the lower surface of the screen 55 to the left and right arc-shaped plates 60 of the holder 56, respectively. This is done by inserting a pin 66 into a pin hole provided in 60.

  In this way, the holder 56 with the screen 55 fixed is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 63 of the horizontal plate 62b of the front mounting plate 62, and the bolt 67 is inserted into the receiving seat 69 of the case 31. Screw into the hole and fix. Further, the bolt 70 is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 65 provided in the horizontal plate 64 b of the attachment plate 64 at the rear portion of the holder 56, and is screwed and fixed to the screw hole provided in the seat 71 of the case 31. With this configuration, when the screen 55 is worn or damaged, the bolts 67 and 70 can be removed, the screen 55 can be removed from the case 31 together with the holder 56, and a new screen 55 can be attached to the holder 56 and replaced with the case 31.

  This crusher moves to a place where the object to be crushed, such as a cobblestone or a concrete block, is moved by itself, and the object to be crushed in the bucket 21 by the operation of the working arm 2 or the operation of the bucket 21 as shown in FIG. The excavation claw 20 is scooped up toward the work machine 1 side, the motor 40 is operated, the crushing roller 37 is revolved together with the rotating plate 35, and the crushing object is crushed between the crushing roller 37 and the fixed crushing body 46. To do.

  At this time, the crushing roller 37 is rotated by the revolution of the crushing roller 37, the movement of the crushing object in the bucket 21 accompanying the revolution, and the crushing object sandwiched between the crushing roller 37 and the fixed crushing bodies 46 and 57 ( The crushing protrusions 37b collide with the object to be crushed and crushing is promoted. Since the crushing roller 37 is rotatably fitted to the shaft 36, the crushing roller 37 is appropriately rotated according to the movement of the object to be crushed during the crushing process, and an unreasonable force is applied to the crushing roller 37 and the crushing projection 37b. When acting, this can be escaped by rotation. Therefore, damage to the crushing roller 37 and crushing projections 37b and progress of wear are suppressed.

  The crushed debris that can pass through the hole 55a of the screen 55 as a result of crushing falls downward from the hole 55a of the screen 55, and is accumulated on the truck or the accumulation location. The object to be crushed that cannot pass through the screen 55 is crushed again between the fixed crushed body 46 fixed to the rear wall 29 and the crushing roller 37, the crushed crushed debris partially falls, and the rest again on the front wall 28. It is crushed again between the fixed crushed body 46 and the crushing roller 37. Thus, the to-be-crushed object which cannot pass the screen 55 is crushed until it can pass, and is crushed into the crushed debris with the maximum size.

  Here, in the present embodiment, by adjusting the thickness or the number of the shims 47, the interval between the fixed crushing body 46 and the rotating crushing body 38 on the front wall 28 is adjusted. The example of FIG. 4 is a case where the size of the hole 55a of the screen 55 is 4 cm × 4 cm. By adjusting the thickness or number of shims 47 according to this, the inner wall of the fixed crushing body 46 of the front wall 28 and the crushing are crushed. The interval when the roller 37 is closest to the cylindrical body 37a is set to be, for example, about 5 cm.

  The example of FIG. 7 is a case where the size of the hole 55a of the screen 55 is 6 cm × 6 cm. In this case, the thickness of the shim 47 is made thinner than the case of FIG. The minimum gap g2 between the fixed crushing body 46 to be rotated and the crushing roller 37 of the rotary crushing body 38 is set larger than that in the case of FIG. Further, when the size of the hole 55a of the screen 55 is 8 cm × 8 cm, the shim 47 is eliminated, and the gap g2 is further enlarged, for example, 9 cm.

  In this way, the shim 47 is interposed between the front wall 28 of the case 31 and the fixed crushed body 46, and the thickness and number of the shims 47 are adjusted so that the fixed crushed body 46 is fixed to the rotary crushed body 38. Since it is provided so that the distance can be adjusted, when obtaining relatively large crushed debris, the object to be crushed such as a concrete block is not unnecessarily finely crushed by separating the position of the fixed crushed body from the rotating crushed body. For this reason, the crushing operation can be performed efficiently in a relatively short time.

  In addition, by preparing a plurality of types of screens 55 having different sizes of the holes 55a for one crushing device, the plurality of types of screens have compatibility and can be attached to the case 31, thereby Various crushing pieces having different sizes can be obtained by the crushing apparatus.

  FIG. 8 is a view showing another structural example of the position adjusting device for the fixed crushing body 46 attached to the front wall 28. In this position adjusting device, a cylinder 73 such as an electric cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder is attached to a front wall 28 by a bolt 72, and the rod 73a is applied to the fixed crushing body 46, and the bolt 48 is attached to the hole 46b of the fixed crushing body 46, the front wall. 28 is inserted into the hole 28a of the 28 and screwed into the nut 49 and fastened.

  When the position of the fixed crushing body 46 is pushed away from the front wall 28 by this position adjusting device, the nut 49 is loosened to extend the cylinder 73, and when the cylinder 73 is extended to the target length, the nut 49 is removed. The fixed crush body 46 is fixed to the front wall 28 by fastening. On the contrary, when the fixed crushed body 46 is brought closer to the front wall 28, the cylinder 73 is contracted, and then the nut 49 is tightened to fix the fixed crushed body 46 to the front wall 28.

  FIG. 9 shows an adjustment bolt 74 instead of the cylinder 73 of FIG. The adjustment bolt 74 is screwed into a screw hole 28b provided in the front wall 28 (or a nut 75 fixed to the front wall 28 by welding or the like instead of the screw hole 28b), and the tip of the adjustment bolt 74 contacts the fixed crushing body 46. Make contact. The fastening structure by the bolt 48 and the nut 49 is the same as the example of FIG. Also in the structure of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9, the distance between the fixed crushed body 46 and the front wall 28, that is, the distance between the rotating crushed body 38 and the fixed crushed body 46 is adjusted to a suitable one that fits the hole 55 a of the screen 55. Can do.

  When realizing the crushing apparatus of the present invention, not only the fixed crushing body 46 attached to the front wall 28 but also the fixed crushing body 46 attached to the rear wall 29 may be attached to the rotary crushing body 38 so that the interval can be adjusted. It is also possible to adjust the distance between the fixed crushing body 46 and the rotating crushing body 38 by changing the size of the rotating crushing body 38.

  In the crushing apparatus of the present invention, the driving device for rotating the rotary crushing body 38 is not limited to the one in the above embodiment, and a system for transmitting power by a gear or the like may be used, and the rotary crushing body 38 may also be configured as a drum type. .

It is a side view of the crusher which shows one Embodiment of the crushing apparatus by this invention. (A), (B) is the top view and side view of the crusher attachment which each implement | achieved the crushing apparatus of this Embodiment. (A) is a bottom view of the crusher attachment of FIG. 2, (B) is a top view of the crushing apparatus of this Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the crushing apparatus of this Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the attachment structure of the fixed crushing body with respect to the front wall of embodiment of FIG. It is an expanded view of the screen and its holder of embodiment of FIG. In embodiment of FIG. 4, it is sectional drawing of the crushing apparatus comprised by changing the thickness of a shim. In this invention, it is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the position adjustment apparatus of the fixed crushing body with respect to a front wall. In this invention, it is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the position adjustment apparatus of the fixed crushing body with respect to a front wall. It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional crushing apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1: working machine, 2: working arm, 3: crusher attachment, 4: traveling body, 5: turning device, 6: turning body, 7: boom cylinder, 8: boom, 9: arm cylinder, 10: arm, 13: Bucket cylinder, 16: Arm link, 18: Bucket link, 20: Excavation claw, 21: Bucket, 22: Crushing device, 23: Opening part, 27: Side wall, 28: Front wall, 29: Rear wall, 31: Case, 33: bearing, 34: central shaft, 35: rotating plate, 36: shaft, 37: crushing roller, 38: rotating crushing body, 40: motor, 41: bracket, 42, 43: sprocket, 44: chain, 46 : Fixed crush body, 46a: projection for crushing, 46b: hole, 46c: recess, 47: shim, 48: bolt, 49: nut, 50: protrusion, 50a: projection for crushing, 50b: inclined surface, 53: opening Part 5 : Hopper, 55: Fixed crushed body, 55a: Hole, 56: Holder, 59: Mounting plate, 60: Arc plate, 61: Connecting plate, 62, 64: Mounting plate, 63, 65: Bolt insertion hole, 66: Pin 69, 71: Seat, 67, 70: Bolt, 73: Cylinder, 74: Adjustment bolt, 75: Nut

Claims (2)

A case having an opening serving as an inlet for an object to be crushed at the top;
A rotationally crushed body that is rotatably provided in the case and is rotated by a driving device;
A fixed crushed body provided on the front wall and the rear wall of the case, and having a crushing projection for crushing a material to be crushed with the rotary crushed body;
A fixed crushed body having a screen provided in the lower opening of the case and provided with a plurality of crushed dust dropping holes of a predetermined size;
Of the front wall and the rear wall, a crushing apparatus characterized in that at least a fixed crushing body on the front wall side is provided so as to be able to adjust a distance from the rotating crushing body. The crushing device according to claim 1,
As the fixed crush body provided in the lower surface opening of the case, a plurality of types having different sizes of crushing dust dropping holes are provided, and the fixed crush body selected from the plurality of types is attached to the lower surface opening of the case. A crushing device characterized by that.

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