JP2006174769A - Method for producing phospholipid hydrolysate - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a phospholipid hydrolysate able to remove a phospholipase in the phospholipid by more easily and industrially available means in the method for producing the phospholipid hydrolysate by phospholipase treatment. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the phospholipid hydrolysate comprises: a process in which a mixture comprising the phospholipid, water, an ester of a 1-5C lower fatty acid with a 1-6C lower alcohol and a phospholipid-dissolving and water-immiscible organic solvent is reacted in the presence of phospholipase D or phospholipase C; a process in which the 1-6C lower alcohol is added to the reaction mixture; a process in which a supernatant is obtained by removing precipitate from the reaction mixture after adding the alcohol; and a process in which the phospholipid hydrolysate is recovered from the supernatant. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate that does not contain phospholipase.

  Phospholipids are widely distributed in nature as constituents of living cells, and are abundant in various parts such as animal brains, nerves, viscera, blood, eggs, and plant seeds. In addition, it is an important substance that fulfills many functions for life support such as protection of cellular tissues, transmission of information, and control of mass transfer in various places in the living body. Therefore, phospholipids are used as natural emulsifiers and surfactants not only for industrial applications such as foods, cosmetics and paints, but also for pharmaceutical and health food applications.

  As described above, phospholipids used in industrial applications are produced mainly by treatment with phospholipase, and various production methods for industrialization have been studied. For example, it has been reported that the phospholipid hydrolyzate can be recovered in a higher yield by performing enzyme treatment of phospholipid in a two-phase system (Patent Document 1).

However, when phospholipid is treated with phospholipase, phospholipase remains in the phospholipid hydrolyzate obtained by a conventional method. For this reason, phospholipase remaining in industrial products may cause deterioration of quality and generation of off-flavors, which is a big problem. So far, it has been reported that phospholipase is inactivated by heating or protease treatment (Patent Document 2) and that phospholipase is removed by complicated solvent extraction operation (Patent Document 3).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-4795 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-77506 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-11234

  The present invention provides a method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate, wherein the phospholipase in the phospholipid hydrolyzate can be removed by a simpler and industrializable means in the method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate by phospholipase treatment. For the purpose.

The present invention provides a method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate, the method comprising:
A mixture containing phospholipid, water, an ester of a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a lower fatty acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a water-immiscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the phospholipid is obtained as phospholipase D or phospholipase Reacting in the presence of C;
Adding a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms to the reaction mixture;
Removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture after addition of the alcohol to obtain a supernatant; and recovering a phospholipid hydrolyzate from the supernatant;
including.

The present invention also provides another method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate, the method comprising:
Reacting a mixture containing phospholipid, water, a water miscible polar organic solvent, and a water immiscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the phospholipid in the presence of phospholipase D or phospholipase C;
Removing a water miscible polar organic solvent from the reaction mixture;
Adding a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms to the reaction mixture from which the polar organic solvent has been removed;
Removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture after addition of the alcohol to obtain a supernatant; and recovering a phospholipid hydrolyzate from the supernatant;
including.

  In any of the above methods, in one embodiment, the phospholipid hydrolyzate is phosphatidic acid.

  According to the method of the present invention, phospholipase remaining in the obtained phospholipid hydrolyzate can be removed by a simple, inexpensive, and industrializable means, and phospholipid hydrolysis containing little or no phospholipase. You can get things. Therefore, in the product containing the phospholipid hydrolyzate obtained by the method of the present invention, the deterioration of quality and the generation of a strange odor are suppressed as compared with the conventional product.

(Definition)
The origin of the phospholipid used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and it may be derived from a natural product (for example, an extract or a concentrate), or may be chemically synthesized. Examples of such phospholipids include phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and the like, and may be a mixture thereof. .

  The constituent fatty acids of these phospholipids are the same or different saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 8 to 24 carbon atoms. Such fatty acids include caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, arachidic acid, palmitooleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α- and γ-linolenic acid, erucic acid, Examples include arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and tetracosatetraenoic acid.

  Examples of the enzyme (phospholipase) used in the present invention include phospholipase D and phospholipase C. In the present invention, phospholipase D (PLD) is particularly preferable. The origin of PLD and PLC is not particularly limited, but generally an enzyme of microbial origin is used. Such microorganisms are not particularly limited. For example, in the case of PLD, microorganisms belonging to the genus Streptomyces are mentioned, and in the case of PLC, microorganisms belonging to the genus Streptomyces, Bacillus, or Pseudomonas are included. Can be mentioned. The microorganism may be a naturally occurring wild type or a transformant. The enzyme is generally used as a purified enzyme or a crudely purified enzyme isolated or extracted from a microorganism. The enzyme may be immobilized and used, or the microbial cell itself may be used as it is.

  Examples of the water used in the present invention include distilled water, purified water, and ion exchange water. Alternatively, salts (for example, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, etc.) may be added as necessary. Alternatively, an acetate buffer solution (pH 4 to 7), a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6 to 8), a tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH 7 to 9.5), and the like may be used.

  In the present invention, examples of the lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, and n-hexanol.

  In the present invention, the lower fatty acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms includes formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and the like.

  In the present invention, an ester of a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a lower fatty acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is used. Examples of such esters include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, and ethyl butyrate. In the present invention, a water-miscible polar organic solvent (for example, acetone) may be used instead of such an ester.

  The water-immiscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the phospholipid used in the present invention usually has a melting point of 40 ° C. or less, is a liquid at the temperature used in the method of the present invention, and has a solubility in water of 5% or less. A hydrocarbon is preferred. Examples of such organic solvents include aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and octane; aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons such as hexene and decene; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and cycloheptane; And a linear or branched alkane halide. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Method for producing phospholipid hydrolyzate of the present invention)
The method for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate according to the present invention comprises a phospholipid, water, an ester of a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a lower fatty acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and water immiscibility that can dissolve the phospholipid. Reacting a mixture containing the organic solvent in the presence of phospholipase D or phospholipase C; adding a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms to the reaction mixture; precipitating from the reaction mixture after addition of the alcohol Removing a substance to obtain a supernatant; and recovering a phospholipid hydrolyzate from the supernatant.

  In the method of the present invention, as described above, first, phospholipid, water, an ester of a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a lower fatty acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and water immiscible that can dissolve the phospholipid. The mixture containing the active organic solvent is reacted in the presence of phospholipase D or phospholipase C.

  In this enzyme reaction step, the mixing ratio of the mixture of the ester and the water-immiscible organic solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an organic mixed solvent) is such that the water-immiscible organic solvent is mixed with 1 part by volume of the ester. It is usually 0.1 to 100 parts by volume, alternatively 0.2 to 20 parts by volume, alternatively 0.5 to 5 parts by volume, and most commonly about 1 part by volume.

  Phospholipids are generally dissolved in the organic mixed solvent at a concentration of 0.1 to 50 w / v%, or 1 to 30 w / v%.

  In this step, the mixing ratio of the organic mixed solvent and water is usually 1 to 20 parts by volume, or 1.2 to 5 parts by volume with respect to 1 part by volume of water.

  The usage-amount of an enzyme is 0.01-10000 units with respect to 1g of phospholipids, or 0.1-1000 units. Here, 1 unit of enzyme activity represents the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1 μmol of phospholipid per minute.

  In this step, the reaction temperature may be any temperature at which the enzyme is not deactivated, and is, for example, 5 to 60 ° C., usually about 20 to 45 ° C. The reaction time varies depending on the amount of phospholipid and the amount of enzyme used, but is usually 2 to 72 hours.

  After completion of the enzyme reaction, a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is added to the reaction mixture. The amount of the lower alcohol added is suitably about 1/10 to about 3/10 volume with respect to the reaction mixture. In the above enzyme reaction step, for example, when acetone is used instead of ester, once the enzyme reaction is completed, acetone is once removed under reduced pressure, and 1/5 to 2/1 volume of the removed acetone. After the ester is newly added, the lower alcohol is added. After the addition of the lower alcohol, the mixture is generally stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to 3 hours. The addition of this lower alcohol produces a precipitate in the reaction mixture.

  Next, the generated precipitate is removed by suction filtration, centrifugation, or the like to obtain a supernatant. This removed precipitate contains the enzyme used in the above reaction and free fatty acid. Thus, in this step, the enzyme can be removed from the reaction product.

  Next, the phospholipid hydrolyzate is recovered from the obtained supernatant. The recovery of the phospholipid hydrolyzate can be performed by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art. For example, a method of removing the solvent under reduced pressure, or a method of dropping the supernatant into acetone and collecting it as a precipitate can be mentioned. In this invention, the method of dripping in acetone is suitable. Acetone is used in an amount of about 3 to 10 times the volume of the supernatant, or about 5 times the volume. The precipitate produced in acetone is collected by suction filtration, centrifugation, etc., and dried by vacuum drying or the like.

  The resulting precipitate may contain a phospholipid hydrolyzate. The phospholipid hydrolyzate is mainly phosphatidic acid (PA) when PLD is used as an enzyme, and diacylglycerol when PLC is used.

  The phospholipid hydrolyzate obtained by the above method contains little or no phospholipase. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention, a phospholipid hydrolyzate free from phospholipase can be easily obtained.

Example 1
Lecithin (ADM Ultrac P) was dissolved in an organic mixed solvent in which heptane / ethyl acetate was mixed at a ratio of 1/1 (volume ratio) so as to be 10 w / v%. To this organic mixed solvent, ½ volume of phospholipase D (200 U / g lecithin) and Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) containing 0.2 M calcium chloride were added and stirred at 30 ° C. for 20 hours. And reacted. After completion of the enzyme reaction, 1/5 volume of ethanol was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then the precipitate was removed by suction filtration. To the obtained supernatant, 1/5 volume of 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution was added and stirred for 30 minutes, and then the upper layer was recovered by a liquid separation operation. The obtained upper layer was dropped into 5 times volume of acetone with respect to the upper layer. The produced precipitate was collected by suction filtration and vacuum-dried to obtain PA-containing lecithin.

  About the obtained PA-containing lecithin, phospholipase D activity was measured using cholinesterase B-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) using soybean-derived phosphatidylcholine (AVANTI POLAR LIPIDS, INC) as a substrate. As a result, the phospholipase D activity was less than the detection limit (0.01 U / g lecithin). Therefore, it was found that PA-containing lecithin from which PLD was removed was obtained.

(Example 2)
The PA-containing lecithin was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that isopropyl alcohol was used instead of ethanol after the completion of the enzyme reaction. The phospholipase D activity in the obtained PA-containing lecithin was below the detection limit.

(Example 3)
Lecithin (ADM Ultrac P) was dissolved in an organic mixed solvent in which heptane / acetone was mixed at a ratio of 1/1 (volume ratio) so as to be 10 w / v%. To this organic mixed solvent, ½ volume of phospholipase D (200 U / g lecithin) and Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) containing 0.2 M calcium chloride were added and stirred at 30 ° C. for 20 hours. And reacted. The reaction solution was concentrated twice with an evaporator to remove acetone, and then 1/2 volume of heptane was added to ethyl acetate. 2/5 volume of ethanol was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then the precipitate was removed by suction filtration. To the obtained supernatant, 1/5 volume of 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution was added and stirred for 30 minutes, and then the upper layer was recovered by a liquid separation operation. The obtained upper layer was dropped into 5 times volume of acetone with respect to the upper layer. The produced precipitate was collected by suction filtration and vacuum-dried to obtain PA-containing lecithin.

  About the obtained PA-containing lecithin, phospholipase D activity was measured using cholinesterase B-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) using soybean-derived phosphatidylcholine (AVANTI POLAR LIPIDS, INC) as a substrate. As a result, the phospholipase D activity was less than the detection limit (0.01 U / g lecithin). Therefore, it was found that PA-containing lecithin from which PLD was removed was obtained.

Example 4
The PA-containing lecithin was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that isopropyl alcohol was used instead of ethanol after the completion of the enzyme reaction. The phospholipase D activity in the obtained PA-containing lecithin was below the detection limit.

  According to the method of the present invention, phospholipase remaining in the obtained phospholipid hydrolyzate can be removed by a simple, inexpensive, and industrializable means, and phospholipid hydrolysis containing little or no phospholipase. You can get things. Therefore, in the product containing the phospholipid obtained by the method of the present invention, the deterioration of quality and the generation of a strange odor are suppressed as compared with the conventional product. Therefore, it is suitable for use in food, cosmetics, medicine, and health food applications. In addition, the method of the present invention can be a useful method for producing functional phospholipids.

Claims (4)

A mixture containing phospholipid, water, an ester of a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a lower fatty acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a water-immiscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the phospholipid is obtained as phospholipase D or phospholipase Reacting in the presence of C;
Adding a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms to the reaction mixture;
Removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture after addition of the alcohol to obtain a supernatant; and recovering a phospholipid hydrolyzate from the supernatant;
A process for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate.   The method of claim 1, wherein the phospholipid hydrolyzate is phosphatidic acid. Reacting a mixture containing phospholipid, water, a water miscible polar organic solvent, and a water immiscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the phospholipid in the presence of phospholipase D or phospholipase C;
Removing a water miscible polar organic solvent from the reaction mixture;
Adding a lower alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms to the reaction mixture from which the polar organic solvent has been removed;
Removing a precipitate from the reaction mixture after addition of the alcohol to obtain a supernatant; and recovering a phospholipid hydrolyzate from the supernatant;
A process for producing a phospholipid hydrolyzate.   4. The method of claim 3, wherein the phospholipid hydrolyzate is phosphatidic acid.