JP2006150148A - Desalination method and device for water containing salt and the like, and floating porous carrier used for the device - Google Patents

Desalination method and device for water containing salt and the like, and floating porous carrier used for the device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2006150148A
JP2006150148A JP2002368289A JP2002368289A JP2006150148A JP 2006150148 A JP2006150148 A JP 2006150148A JP 2002368289 A JP2002368289 A JP 2002368289A JP 2002368289 A JP2002368289 A JP 2002368289A JP 2006150148 A JP2006150148 A JP 2006150148A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
water
dome
sealer
porous carrier
carrier
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JP2002368289A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akira Watanabe
昭 渡辺
Kyoko Shinjo
恭子 新庄
Norio Yamada
紀夫 山田
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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Priority to JP2002368289A priority Critical patent/JP2006150148A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/014173 priority patent/WO2004056707A1/en
Priority to AU2003277592A priority patent/AU2003277592A1/en
Publication of JP2006150148A publication Critical patent/JP2006150148A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and device for efficiently desalinating water containing salts and the like at a low cost using a simple structure and solar heat, and a floating porous carrier used for the device. <P>SOLUTION: A dome-shaped closed container 2 is installed on the surface of the water 1 containing salts and the like so as to close the water surface. Floating porous carriers 3 are floated on the water surface closed by the dome-shaped closed container 2, and are moved by wave power to form thin films of the water containing salts and the like on the surface and in the inside of each carrier 3. Evaporated and condensed water in the dome-shaped closed container 2 is recovered along the inner wall of the closed container 3. It is desirable that the upper part of the dome-shaped closed container 2 has a moderate slant so that the evaporated water convects and the condensed water is introduced into a condensed water recovery tank 4 at the edge of the closed tank 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は塩類等含有水の淡水化方法、装置およびそれに用いる浮上性多孔担体に関し、特に、単純な構造で、低コストで、太陽熱を利用した効率的な塩類等含有水の淡水化方法、装置およびそれに用いる浮上性多孔担体に関する。
【従来の技術】
【0002】
逆浸透(RO)法による淡水化装置や火力による蒸発装置、太陽光を専用の集光装置を用いて集光させ、その熱エネルギーを使った蒸発装置などがある。また、海水を海水面上に浮かせた蒸発槽に導入して底面の集熱板により集めた太陽熱で蒸発させ、凝縮水を得る方式もある(例えば、特許文献1及び2参照。)。その他、気密的に透光性シートでドーム状に覆った気膜構造内に送った炭酸ガスを太陽の輻射熱で加熱するとともに、下部の海水を蒸発させ、夜間の降温とともに凝縮水を集水し、海水を淡水化する方法がある(例えば、特許文献3参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開昭56−130291号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭56−133088号公報
【特許文献3】
特開昭57−21976号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決するための課題】
しかしながら、前記の従来の技術の装置は省スペースであるが、複雑で設備費が高く、また、電気や化石燃料を使うためランニングコストがかかっていた。また、太陽熱を利用した淡水化方法は低コストであるが効率的に不十分であった。
本発明は、上記従来の技術の欠点を克服し、単純な構造で、低コストで、太陽熱を利用した効率的な塩類等含有水の淡水化方法、装置およびそれに用いる浮上性多孔担体を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、以下の構成を採ることにより上記従来の技術の欠点を克服できることを見出し本発明を成すに至った。
即ち、本発明は以下の通りである。
(1)塩類等を含有する水の水面上に、ドーム型密閉器を該水面を密閉するように設置し、該ドーム型密閉器で密閉された水面上に浮上性多孔担体を浮かべ、波力により浮上性担体を動かすことで担体表面及び内部に塩類等含有水の薄膜を形成させ、該ドーム型密閉器内で蒸発・凝縮した水分を該密閉器の内壁に沿って回収することを特徴とする塩類等含有水の淡水化方法。
(2)前記ドーム型密閉器の上部は、蒸発した水分が対流し、且つ凝縮水が担体を浮べた水面ではない密閉器端部の凝縮水回収タンクに導かれるように適度な勾配を有していることを特徴とする前記(1)の塩類等含有水の淡水化方法。
【0006】
(3)塩類等を含有する水の水面上に該水面を密閉するように設置されるドーム型密閉器と、該ドーム型密閉器で密閉された水面上に浮かべ波力により動かすことで表面及び内部に塩類等含有水の薄膜を形成させる浮上性多孔担体とを有することを特徴とする塩類等含有水の淡水化装置。
(4)前記(1)の塩類等含有水の淡水化方法で用いられる浮上性担体であって、該素材が炭化ジルコニウム等の発熱性・蓄熱性を有する材料を混入して成型されたものであることを特徴とする浮上性多孔担体。
【0007】
本発明は、用いる装置構造が単純で、太陽光や太陽熱を直接利用するだけなので低コストで塩類等を含有する水を脱塩できる。また、浮上性多孔担体を用いて波力により薄膜を形成させるため、従来法に比べて経済的且つ効率的である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明について、その概略を示した図1を用いて説明する。
本発明は、海上等の塩類等を含有する水1の水面上に、ドーム型密閉器2を該水面を密閉するように設置し、該ドーム型密閉器2で密閉された水面上に浮上性多孔担体3を浮かべ、波力により浮上性担体3を動かすことで担体表面及び内部に塩類等含有水の薄膜を形成させ、該ドーム型密閉器2内で蒸発・凝縮した水分を該密閉器2の内壁に沿って回収することを特徴とするものである。
ドーム型密閉器2で密閉された水面上に浮かべられた浮上性多孔担体3は、波の動きにより、上下及び横方向に移動・回転することにより、その表面および内部に塩類等含有水の薄膜が形成される。塩類等含有水が浮上性多孔担体3の表面および内部に薄膜として形成されることにより、ドーム型密閉器2内で気化・蒸散し易くなる。
【0009】
該ドーム型密閉器2内では、昼間は、太陽の輻射熱によって塩類等含有水の蒸発が促進され、水蒸気が過飽和の状態で対流し、夜間は、蒸気が凝縮して水滴となり該ドーム型密閉器2の内壁に付着する。
該ドーム型密閉器2の端部に貯水槽4を設けることにより、上記の如くドーム型密閉器2の内壁に付着した水滴が、該密閉器の内壁に沿って貯水槽4へ回収される。
また、ドーム型密閉器2は、下端部に浮体5を設ける事によって、水面上に設置してもよい。
【0010】
浮上性多孔担体3は、淡水化しようとする塩類等含有水よりも密度が小さく、該塩類等含有水中で浮き上がるものである。淡水化しようとする塩類等含有水は、その密度が純水(密度:1)より大きいため、使用する浮上性多孔担体3は、必ずしも1未満ではない。
浮上性多孔担体3は、脱塩する塩水等の水温や濃度により最も薄膜を形成しやすい孔径に制御することで、効率的に薄膜形成を行うことができる。該浮上性多孔担体3は、その素材として炭化ジルコニウム等の発熱性・蓄熱性を有する材料を混入して成型されたものであることが好ましい。
ドーム型密閉器2は、設置した水面域において太陽の輻射熱によって生じた水蒸気を密閉し、夜間等に温度が低くなった際にはその内壁に水蒸気を凝縮させ、凝縮させた水滴が内壁に沿って貯水槽4へ回収されるような、素材、構造、形状、大きさであれば、特に限定されない。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこの実施例により何等制限されるものではない。
図1に示すような直径500mmの円形ドーム2個(ドーム1、ドーム2)に海水をはった水槽(2,000mm×2,000mm×500mm)に浮かべた。ドーム1には内部に多孔性担体(ポリスチレン製、φ20mm、比重0.3、200個投入)を全面に浮かべ、ドーム2は担体を投入しない系とした。水槽は攪拌機により攪拌し、水面を波立たせた。外気温は28℃、海水の水温は20℃とした。
実験の結果、ドーム2の回収凝縮水量は1日当り0.7リットルであり、ドームで覆った海面面積当り3.6リットル/m2・日であった。一方、ドーム1の回収凝縮水量は1日当り2.7リットルであり、ドームで覆った海面面積当り13.8リットル/m2・日であった。
【0012】
【発明の効果】
本発明の塩類等含有水の淡水化方法および装置は、単純な構造で、安価に造水が可能であり、水不足解消に有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の塩類等含有水の淡水化方法および装置の概略を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 水
2 ドーム型密閉器
3 浮上性多孔担体
4 貯水槽
5 浮体
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for desalinating water containing salts and the like, and a floating porous carrier used therefor, and more particularly, a method and apparatus for efficiently desalinating water containing salts and the like using solar heat with a simple structure and low cost. And a floating porous carrier used therefor.
[Prior art]
[0002]
There are a desalination apparatus using a reverse osmosis (RO) method, an evaporation apparatus using thermal power, and an evaporation apparatus that collects sunlight using a dedicated condensing device and uses the thermal energy. There is also a method of obtaining condensed water by introducing seawater into an evaporation tank floated on the seawater surface and evaporating with solar heat collected by a heat collecting plate on the bottom surface (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, the carbon dioxide gas sent into the air-film structure covered in a dome shape with a light-transmitting sheet is heated by the radiant heat of the sun, the seawater below is evaporated, and condensed water is collected as the temperature falls at night. There is a method of desalinating seawater (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-56-130291 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-56-1333088 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-57-21976 [0004]
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
However, although the above-mentioned conventional apparatus is space-saving, it is complicated and expensive in equipment cost, and it requires running cost because it uses electricity and fossil fuel. Moreover, although the desalination method using solar heat is low cost, it was insufficient efficiently.
The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides an efficient method for desalinating salt-containing water using solar heat, a simple structure, low cost, and a floating porous carrier used therefor. For the purpose.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the drawbacks of the above-described conventional techniques can be overcome by adopting the following configuration, and have achieved the present invention.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) A dome-shaped seal is installed on the surface of water containing salt or the like so as to seal the surface of the water, and a floating porous carrier is floated on the surface of the water sealed by the dome-type seal. By moving the levitation carrier, a thin film of water containing salts and the like is formed on the surface and inside of the carrier, and the water evaporated and condensed in the dome type sealer is collected along the inner wall of the sealer To desalinate water containing salt.
(2) The upper part of the dome-shaped seal has an appropriate gradient so that the evaporated water is convected and the condensed water is led to the condensate recovery tank at the end of the seal that is not the water surface where the carrier floats. The method for desalinating water containing salts or the like as described in (1) above.
[0006]
(3) A dome-type sealer installed so as to seal the water surface on the surface of water containing salts and the like, and the surface and the surface by moving by floating wave force on the water surface sealed by the dome-type sealer An apparatus for desalinating water containing salt or the like, comprising a flotation porous carrier for forming a thin film of water containing salt or the like inside.
(4) A levitating carrier used in the desalination method of salt-containing water as described in (1) above, wherein the material is molded by mixing a material having exothermic and thermal storage properties such as zirconium carbide. A levitation porous carrier characterized by being.
[0007]
In the present invention, the structure of the apparatus to be used is simple and only sunlight or solar heat is directly used, so that water containing salts or the like can be desalted at low cost. In addition, since a thin film is formed by wave force using a levitating porous carrier, it is more economical and efficient than the conventional method.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the present invention, a dome-shaped sealer 2 is installed on the surface of water 1 containing salt or the like at sea so as to seal the water surface, and floats on the water surface sealed by the dome-shaped sealer 2. The porous carrier 3 is floated and the floating carrier 3 is moved by wave force to form a thin film of water containing salts and the like on the surface and inside of the carrier, and the moisture evaporated and condensed in the dome-type sealer 2 It collect | recovers along the inner wall of this.
The levitating porous carrier 3 floated on the water surface sealed by the dome-shaped sealer 2 is moved and rotated in the vertical and horizontal directions by the movement of waves, so that a thin film of water containing salts or the like is formed on the surface and inside thereof. Is formed. By forming the salt-containing water as a thin film on the surface and inside of the floating porous carrier 3, it becomes easy to vaporize and evaporate in the dome-type sealer 2.
[0009]
In the dome-shaped seal 2, the evaporation of water containing salts and the like is promoted by the radiant heat of the sun during the daytime, and the water vapor is convected in a supersaturated state, and at night the steam condenses into water droplets. It adheres to the inner wall of 2.
By providing the water storage tank 4 at the end of the dome type sealer 2, water droplets adhering to the inner wall of the dome type sealer 2 as described above are collected into the water storage tank 4 along the inner wall of the sealer.
Moreover, you may install the dome shape sealing device 2 on the water surface by providing the floating body 5 in a lower end part.
[0010]
The floatable porous carrier 3 has a density lower than that of water containing salts and the like to be desalinated, and floats in the water containing salts and the like. Since the density of the salt-containing water to be desalinated is higher than that of pure water (density: 1), the floating porous carrier 3 to be used is not necessarily less than 1.
The levitating porous carrier 3 can be efficiently formed into a thin film by controlling the pore diameter so that the thin film can be formed most easily depending on the temperature and concentration of salt water to be desalted. The levitation porous carrier 3 is preferably formed by mixing a material having exothermic properties and heat storage properties such as zirconium carbide as the material.
The dome type sealer 2 seals the water vapor generated by the radiant heat of the sun in the water surface area where it is installed, and condenses the water vapor on its inner wall when the temperature drops at night, etc., and the condensed water droplets follow the inner wall. The material, structure, shape, and size that can be collected in the water storage tank 4 are not particularly limited.
[0011]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by this Example.
As shown in FIG. 1, two circular domes having a diameter of 500 mm (Dome 1 and Dome 2) were floated on a water tank (2,000 mm × 2,000 mm × 500 mm) with seawater. A porous carrier (made of polystyrene, φ20 mm, specific gravity 0.3, 200 charged) was floated inside the dome 1, and the dome 2 was a system in which no carrier was charged. The water tank was stirred with a stirrer to make the water surface rippled. The outside air temperature was 28 ° C., and the sea water temperature was 20 ° C.
As a result of the experiment, the amount of condensed water collected in the dome 2 was 0.7 liter per day, and 3.6 liter / m 2 · day per sea area covered with the dome. On the other hand, the amount of recovered condensed water in the dome 1 was 2.7 liters per day, and 13.8 liters / m 2 · day per sea surface area covered with the dome.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
The method and apparatus for desalinating salt-containing water according to the present invention has a simple structure, can produce water at low cost, and is effective in eliminating water shortage.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a desalination method and apparatus for water containing salts and the like according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Water 2 Dome Seal 3 Floating Porous Carrier 4 Water Tank 5 Floating Body

Claims (4)

塩類等を含有する水の水面上に、ドーム型密閉器を該水面を密閉するように設置し、該ドーム型密閉器で密閉された水面上に浮上性多孔担体を浮かべ、波力により浮上性担体を動かすことで担体表面及び内部に塩類等含有水の薄膜を形成させ、該ドーム型密閉器内で蒸発・凝縮した水分を該密閉器の内壁に沿って回収することを特徴とする塩類等含有水の淡水化方法。  A dome-shaped seal is installed on the surface of water containing salt, etc. so that the surface of the water is sealed, and a levitation porous carrier is floated on the surface of the water sealed by the dome-type seal. Salts and the like characterized by forming a thin film of water containing salts etc. on the surface and inside of the carrier by moving the carrier, and recovering the water evaporated and condensed in the dome type sealer along the inner wall of the sealer A method for desalination of contained water. 前記ドーム型密閉器の上部は、蒸発した水分が対流し、且つ凝縮水が密閉器端部の凝縮水回収タンクに導かれるように適度な勾配を有していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の塩類等含有水の淡水化方法。  2. The upper part of the dome-shaped sealer has an appropriate gradient so that evaporated water convects and condensed water is guided to a condensed water recovery tank at the end of the sealer. The desalination method of the water containing salt etc. of description. 塩類等を含有する水の水面上に該水面を密閉するように設置されるドーム型密閉器と、該ドーム型密閉器で密閉された水面上に浮かべ波力により動かすことで表面及び内部に塩類等含有水の薄膜を形成させる浮上性多孔担体とを有することを特徴とする塩類等含有水の淡水化装置。  Dome-type sealer installed to seal the water surface on the water surface containing salt, etc., and salt on the surface and inside by moving by floating wave force on the water surface sealed by the dome-type sealer A desalination apparatus for water containing salts or the like, comprising a floating porous carrier for forming a thin film of water containing equal water. 請求項1記載の塩類等含有水の淡水化方法で用いられる浮上性担体であって、該素材が炭化ジルコニウム等の発熱性・蓄熱性を有する材料を混入して成型されたものであることを特徴とする浮上性多孔担体。  A levitation carrier used in the desalination method of salt-containing water according to claim 1, wherein the material is formed by mixing a material having exothermic properties and heat storage properties such as zirconium carbide. Floating porous carrier characterized.
JP2002368289A 2002-12-19 2002-12-19 Desalination method and device for water containing salt and the like, and floating porous carrier used for the device Pending JP2006150148A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002368289A JP2006150148A (en) 2002-12-19 2002-12-19 Desalination method and device for water containing salt and the like, and floating porous carrier used for the device
PCT/JP2003/014173 WO2004056707A1 (en) 2002-12-19 2003-11-07 Desalination device, desalination method, and floatable porous carrier
AU2003277592A AU2003277592A1 (en) 2002-12-19 2003-11-07 Desalination device, desalination method, and floatable porous carrier

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160015947A (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-02-15 장준형 Amphibious support type water distillation generator
CN106629943A (en) * 2017-02-25 2017-05-10 广西壮族自治区特种设备检验研究院 Seawater desalting device
CN107416990A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-12-01 西安建筑科技大学 A kind of solar energy aeration reaction unit suitable for distributing water process
CN108862445A (en) * 2018-08-10 2018-11-23 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of solar distilling water body purification device
CN112553888A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-03-26 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Zirconium carbide modified cloth and preparation method and application thereof
JP7473728B1 (en) 2023-09-20 2024-04-23 太人 田中 Water collection system and method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160015947A (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-02-15 장준형 Amphibious support type water distillation generator
KR101667106B1 (en) * 2014-08-01 2016-10-28 장준형 Amphibious support type water distillation generator
CN106629943A (en) * 2017-02-25 2017-05-10 广西壮族自治区特种设备检验研究院 Seawater desalting device
CN107416990A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-12-01 西安建筑科技大学 A kind of solar energy aeration reaction unit suitable for distributing water process
CN108862445A (en) * 2018-08-10 2018-11-23 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of solar distilling water body purification device
CN112553888A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-03-26 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Zirconium carbide modified cloth and preparation method and application thereof
CN112553888B (en) * 2019-09-25 2023-03-31 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Zirconium carbide modified cloth and preparation method and application thereof
JP7473728B1 (en) 2023-09-20 2024-04-23 太人 田中 Water collection system and method

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