JP2006104310A - Method for reforming unutilized heavy oil and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably reform an unutilized heavy oil without causing choking by coking. <P>SOLUTION: The unutilized heavy oil is fed into a cylindrical body for reaction with a heavy oil feed pipe 17 passing through a vessel wall of a reaction vessel 11, communicating with and connecting to the cylindrical body 23 for the reaction. When the unutilized heavy oil is fed, high-pressure water is fed to a first high-pressure water feed pipe 31 covering the heavy oil feed pipe and extending into the reaction vessel to thereby cool the heavy oil feed pipe and cool the outer surface of the cylindrical body for the reaction with the high-pressure water. The unutilized heavy oil is reacted with supercritical water or subcritical water in the cylindrical body for the reaction having the cooled outer surface and converted into a reformed oil. The resultant reformed oil converted in the cylindrical body 23 for the reaction is discharged from the cylindrical body 23 for the reaction and the reaction vessel 11 with a reformed oil discharge pipe 18 passing through the vessel wall of the reaction vessel, communicating with and connecting to the cylindrical body for the reaction. When the reformed oil is discharged, the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is cooled by feeding the high-pressure water to a second high-pressure water feed pipe 32 covering the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 and extending into the reaction vessel 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for reforming unused heavy oil and an apparatus therefor, in which unused heavy oil is converted into reformed oil by reacting with supercritical water or subcritical water.

  Conventionally, crude oil, which is a fossil fuel, is refined by an atmospheric distillation column, a vacuum distillation column, etc., and superheavy oil that accumulates in the lowest part of the vacuum distillation column is considered to have low utility value other than asphalt. It was. In recent years, however, it has been proposed that such unused heavy oil be converted to reformed oil by reacting with supercritical water or subcritical water, and that the reformed oil be used as fuel for power generation of gas turbines, etc. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). Here, subcritical water means a state of water at a temperature of 200 to 374 ° C. and a pressure of 15.68 to 21.07 MPa. The supercritical state of water means a state of water at a temperature of 374 to 900 ° C. and a pressure of 21.07 to 49.00 MPa. Therefore, in an apparatus for reforming unused heavy oil, a reaction vessel that stores such high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water or subcritical water is used.

As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the conventional reaction vessel 1 has a container body 2 that is open at the top and configured to store supercritical water or subcritical water, and an upper opening 2 a of the container body 1 is opened. And a lid 3 that closes as possible. A lower concave groove 2d for packing is formed continuously in the circumferential direction in the container body 2, and an upper concave groove 3b is formed continuously in the circumferential direction at a portion corresponding to the lower concave groove 2d of the lid 3. The The packing 4 is attached to the upper and lower concave grooves 3b and 2d, and the upper opening 2a of the container body 2 is closed by the lid 3. On the other hand, the lid 3 is provided with a high-pressure water supply pipe 6, a heavy oil supply pipe 7, and a reformed oil discharge pipe 8 penetrating through the lid 3. And a heater 9 is provided for converting the high-pressure water supplied to the reaction vessel 1 through the high-pressure water supply pipe 6 into supercritical water or subcritical water. In the reaction vessel 1, unused heavy oil is supplied to the reaction vessel 1 via the heavy oil supply pipe 8, and the unused heavy oil is stored in the reaction vessel 1 with supercritical water or After being converted to reformed oil by reacting with subcritical water, the reformed oil is discharged from the reaction vessel 1 via the reformed oil discharge pipe 8.
JP 2003-286491 A ("Conventional Technology" column)

However, in the above-described conventional reformer, the heavy oil supply pipe 7 and the reformed oil discharge pipe 8 are provided by penetrating the lid 3 of the reaction vessel 1 around which the heater 9 is provided. Therefore, the heavy oil supply pipe 7 and the reformed oil discharge pipe 8 are also heated together with the reaction vessel 1 by the heat generated from the heater 9 and the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water. Here, since the unused heavy oil supplied from the heavy oil supply pipe 7 to the reaction vessel 1 is generally coked at 430 ° C. or higher, when the temperature of the reaction vessel 1 rises, the heavy oil near the inner wall thereof Has a problem of causing caulking and adhering to its inner wall. Further, when the temperature of the supply pipe 7 provided through the lid body 3 rises, there is a problem that heavy oil causes coking inside the supply pipe 7 and closes the supply pipe 7. In particular, this phenomenon occurs for about 1 to 2 hours at 430 ° C after the oil has passed. However, since the caulking speed increases at high temperatures, it may be possible to cause clogging in a shorter time. For this reason, it is difficult for a conventional reformer using a reaction vessel to stably reform unused heavy oil for a relatively long time.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for reforming unused heavy oil and an apparatus therefor that can stably reform unused heavy oil without causing blockage due to coking.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the invention according to claim 1 is not provided in a reaction cylinder 23 provided in a reaction vessel 11 storing supercritical water or subcritical water so as to be separated from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel 11. After the used heavy oil is supplied and the unused heavy oil is converted into reformed oil by reacting with supercritical water or subcritical water, the reformed oil is discharged from the reaction cylinder 23 and the reaction vessel 11. This is a method for reforming unused heavy oil.

  The characteristic point is that unused heavy oil is supplied to the reaction cylinder 23 through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 that is connected to the reaction cylinder 23 through the container wall of the reaction container 11. When supplying heavy oil, the heavy oil supply pipe 17 is cooled by supplying high pressure water to the first high pressure water supply pipe 31 that covers the heavy oil supply pipe 17 and extends into the reaction vessel 11. The outer surface of the reaction cylinder 23 is cooled by the high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31, and unused heavy oil is supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction cylinder 23 whose outer surface is cooled. The reformed oil is converted into reformed oil, and is converted in the reaction cylinder 23 by the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 that is connected to the reaction cylinder 23 through the container wall of the reaction vessel 11. Is discharged from the reaction cylinder 23 and the reaction vessel 11, and when the reformed oil is discharged, the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is The reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is cooled by supplying high-pressure water to the second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 that covers and extends into the reaction container 11, and the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31, 32 provide the inside of the reaction container 11. The high-pressure water supplied to the reactor is converted into supercritical water or subcritical water by a heater 39 that heats the reaction vessel 11.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the invention according to claim 5 further includes a reaction vessel 11 for storing supercritical water or subcritical water, and is provided in the reaction vessel 11 so as to be separated from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel 11. A reaction cylinder 23 that can be converted into reformed oil by reacting unused heavy oil with supercritical water or subcritical water, and is connected to the reaction cylinder 23 through the container wall of the reaction vessel 11. A heavy oil supply pipe 17 that supplies unused heavy oil to the reaction cylinder 23, a first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 that covers the heavy oil supply pipe 17 and extends into the reaction vessel 11; The reformed oil discharge pipe which passes through the container wall of the reaction vessel 11 and communicates with the reaction cylinder 23 and converts the reformed oil converted in the reaction cylinder 23 from the reaction cylinder 23 and the reaction vessel 11. 18 and a second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 that covers the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 and extends into the reaction vessel 11. When the high pressure water is supplied to the first high pressure water supply pipe 31 and the unused heavy oil is supplied, the heavy oil supply pipe 17 is cooled and the outer surface of the reaction cylinder 23 is placed on the first high pressure water supply pipe 31. A first high-pressure water supply pump 34 that is cooled by the high-pressure water supplied to the second high-pressure water, and a second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 that cools the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 when the high-pressure water is supplied to the reformed oil. A high-pressure water supply pump 36 and a heater 39 provided with a heater 39 that heats the high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel 11 by the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 to form supercritical water or subcritical water. It is a heavy oil reformer.

In the method for reforming unused heavy oil described in claim 1 and the reformer for unused heavy oil described in claim 5, high-pressure water is supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31. As a result, the high-pressure water cools the heavy oil supply pipe 17 provided through the container wall 13 from the surroundings, so that the unused heavy oil passing through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 is heated and the supply pipe is supplied. 17 prevents heavy oil from coking. Since the high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 also cools the outer surface of the reaction cylinder 23, the vicinity of the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 23 does not reach the coking temperature, and the inside of the reaction cylinder 23 The heavy oil supplied to the tank prevents coking and adheres to its inner wall.
On the other hand, the high-pressure water supplied to the second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 cools the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 provided through the container wall 13 from the surroundings. The oil is heated to prevent heavy oil from coking inside the discharge pipe 18. Since the high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel 11 by the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 is heated by the heater for heating the reaction vessel 11 to be supercritical water or subcritical water, Supercritical water or subcritical water that is reformed from the heavy oil and is discharged to the outside from the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is newly created and continuously supplied to the reaction cylinder 23 via the heavy oil supply pipe 17. It is possible to stably and continuously reform the unused heavy oil supplied to.

The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 based on the temperature change state of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31. It is characterized by controlling the amount of water.
The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes are based on the temperature change state of the high-pressure water in the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32. The amount of high-pressure water supplied to 31 and 32 is controlled, respectively.
In the method for reforming unused heavy oil according to claim 2 and claim 3, the first and second high-pressure water in the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 are changed based on the temperature change state of the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32. 2 Since the amount of high-pressure water supplied to the high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 is controlled, the heavy oil passing through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 or both the heavy oil supply pipe 17 and the reformed oil discharge pipe 18. Can be effectively prevented from being heated and causing coking.

The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the first temperature sensor 41 that measures the temperature of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 and the detection output of the first temperature sensor 41 are used. The reformer is provided with a controller 43 that controls the first high-pressure water supply pump 34.
The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 5, wherein the first temperature sensor 41 for measuring the temperature of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 and the second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 are provided. A second temperature sensor 42 that measures the temperature of the high-pressure water, and a controller 43 that controls the first high-pressure water supply pump 34 and the second high-pressure water supply pump 36 based on the detection outputs of the first temperature sensor 41 and the second temperature sensor 42. Is a reforming apparatus.
In the reformer for unused heavy oil described in claims 6 and 7, the controller 43 controls the pumps 34 and 36 based on the detection outputs of the temperature sensors 41 and 42 so that the first and second high-pressure waters are supplied. Since the amount of high-pressure water supplied to the supply pipes 31 and 32 is controlled, the heavy oil passing through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 or both the heavy oil supply pipe 17 and the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is heated. Can effectively prevent coking.

The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reforming is performed by controlling the heater 39 based on the temperature change state of the supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction vessel 11. Is the method.
The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a third temperature sensor 44 for measuring the temperature of the supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction vessel 11, and the controller 43 includes The reformer is configured to control the heater 39 based on the detection output of the three temperature sensor 44.
In the reforming method described in claim 4 and the reforming apparatus described in claim 8, the heater 39 is changed depending on the temperature change state of the supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction vessel 11 which is changed by the supply of high-pressure water. Therefore, the temperature change of supercritical water or subcritical water caused by the high pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel 11 by the first and second high pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 is effectively reduced, and the reaction is performed. The unused heavy oil continuously supplied to the cylindrical body 23 is stably and continuously reformed.

  In the present invention, when high pressure water is supplied to the first high pressure water supply pipe, the high pressure water cools the heavy oil supply pipe provided through the container wall from the surroundings. It is possible to prevent the unused heavy oil passing therethrough from being heated and causing heavy oil to coke inside the supply pipe. Since the high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe also cools the outer surface of the reaction cylinder, the vicinity of the inner wall of the reaction cylinder does not reach the coking temperature, and is supplied to the inside of the reaction cylinder. It is possible to prevent heavy oil from causing caulking and adhering to its inner wall. On the other hand, since the high-pressure water supplied to the second high-pressure water supply pipe cools the reformed oil discharge pipe provided through the container wall from the surroundings, the reformed oil passing through the reformed oil discharge pipe is heated. Thus, heavy oil components can be prevented from coking inside the discharge pipe. Then, the high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel by the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes is heated to a supercritical water or subcritical water by a heater that heats the reaction vessel. Supercritical water or subcritical water discharged to the outside from the reformed oil discharge pipe is newly made and continuously supplied to the reaction cylinder through the heavy oil supply pipe The oil can be stably and continuously modified.

The best mode of the present invention will be described below.
As shown in FIG. 3, the unused heavy oil reforming apparatus 10 of the present invention includes a reaction vessel 11 for storing supercritical water or subcritical water. Examples of unused heavy oils include super heavy oils such as oil sand oil and oil shale oil, and unusable super heavy oils generated from petroleum refining processes. As shown in detail in FIG. 1, the reaction vessel 11 has a container body 12 that is open at the top and configured to store supercritical water or subcritical water, and an upper opening 12 a of the container body 12 can be opened. And a lid 13 for closing. The container body 12 and the lid body 13 are each made by cutting a bulk body made of a metal such as stainless steel by cutting. A flange portion 12b is formed on the periphery of the upper portion of the container body 12 so as to protrude outward. A plurality of female screw holes 12c are formed in the flange portion 12b in the vertical direction, and a lower concave groove 12d for packing is formed on the upper surface thereof. Are continuously formed in the circumferential direction.

  On the other hand, the lid body 13 is formed in a disk shape having an outer diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the flange portion 12b, an attachment hole 13a is formed at a position corresponding to the female screw hole 12c, and a portion corresponding to the lower concave groove 12d. The upper concave groove 13b is continuously formed in the circumferential direction. Packing 14 is mounted in the upper and lower concave grooves 13b, 12d, and the lid 13 is fitted into the female screw hole 12c in this state, so that the lid 13 is placed in the upper opening 12a of the container body 12. Configured to close.

  The lid body 13 is provided with a heavy oil supply pipe 17 and a reformed oil discharge pipe 18 through the lid body 13. Further, a reaction cylinder 23 is provided inside the reaction vessel 11 so as to be separated from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel 11. The reaction cylinder 23 is connected to the end of the heavy oil supply pipe 17 inside the reaction vessel 11, and the heavy oil supply pipe 17 supplies unused heavy oil into the reaction cylinder 23. Configured. As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the reaction cylinder 23 in this embodiment is a cylinder whose upper end is closed and whose lower end is opened, and a heavy oil supply pipe 17 provided vertically on the lid body 13. The upper end closed at the lower end is connected, and the reaction vessel 11 is vertically provided in the reaction vessel 11 while being separated from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel 11. In this reaction cylinder 23, a sintered filter 23a is provided at the lower end opening, and supercritical water or subcritical water and heavy oil supply pipe that has entered the inside through the sintered filter 23a from the lower end opening. The unused heavy oil supplied via 17 reacts and is converted into reformed oil inside thereof.

  On the other hand, the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 penetrating the lid 13 and provided in the lid 13 has a lower end inside the reaction vessel 11 communicated with the side wall of the reaction cylinder 23, The converted reformed oil is configured to be discharged from the reaction cylinder 23 and the reaction vessel 11. The lid 13 is covered with a heavy oil supply pipe 17 and a first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 provided extending in the reaction vessel 11 and a reformed oil discharge pipe 18 and the reaction vessel 11. A second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 extending inward is further provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a heavy oil storage tank 19 is connected to an end of a heavy oil supply pipe 17 outside the reaction vessel 11, and a heavy oil supply between the heavy oil storage tank 19 and the lid body 13 is connected. The pipe 17 includes a heavy oil supply pump 21 that supplies unused heavy oil from the heavy oil storage tank 19 to the reaction vessel 11, and a heat retaining heater 22 that keeps the heavy oil flowing through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 warm. Is provided. A gas-liquid separation tank 24 is connected to the end of the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 outside the reaction vessel 11, and a heat exchanger 26 is connected to the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 between the reaction vessel 11 and the gas-liquid separation tank 24. A pressure reducing valve 27 is provided.

  The ends of the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 outside the reaction vessel 11 are connected to a water storage tank 33, respectively, and the first and second high-pressure water between the reaction vessel 11 and the water storage tank 33 are connected. The supply pipes 31 and 32 are provided with first and second high-pressure water supply pumps 34 and 36 for supplying water stored in the water storage tank 33 to the reaction vessel 11, respectively. The first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 are provided with a temperature control heater 37 and a heater 38 that control the temperature of the high-pressure water flowing through the first and second high-pressure water. The first high-pressure water supply pump 34 cools the heavy oil supply pipe 17 when supplying high-pressure water from the water storage tank 33 to the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 to supply unused heavy oil, and also a reaction cylinder. The outer surface of the body 23 is configured to be cooled by the high pressure water supplied to the first high pressure water supply pipe 31, and the second high pressure water supply pump 36 supplies the high pressure water to the second high pressure water supply pipe 32 for reforming. The reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is cooled when the oil is discharged. A heater 39 is provided outside the reaction vessel 11 to heat the high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel 11 through the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32 to make supercritical water or subcritical water. It is done.

  The first high-pressure water supply pipe 31 is provided with a first temperature sensor 41 for measuring the temperature of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31, and the second high-pressure water supply pipe 32 is provided with the first high-temperature water supply pipe 31. 2 A second temperature sensor 42 for measuring the temperature of the high-pressure water in the high-pressure water supply pipe 32 is provided. The reaction vessel 11 is further provided with a third temperature sensor 44 that measures the temperature of supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction vessel 11. The detection outputs of the first and second temperature sensors 41 and 42 and the third temperature sensor 44 are connected to the input terminal of the controller 43, and the control output of the controller 43 is the first and second high-pressure water supply pumps 34 and 36. The heaters 39 are connected to each other. The controller 43 is configured to control the first high-pressure water supply pump and the second high-pressure water supply pump based on the detection outputs of the first temperature sensor 41 and the second temperature sensor 42, and detects the third temperature sensor 44. The heater 39 is controlled by the output.

Next, the unused heavy oil reforming method of the present invention using such an unused heavy oil reforming apparatus will be described.
The method for reforming unused heavy oil of the present invention is not used for the reaction cylinder 23 provided in the reaction vessel 11 storing supercritical water or subcritical water so as to be separated from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel 11. Method of discharging heavy oil from reaction cylinder 23 and reaction vessel 11 after converting heavy oil into reformed oil by reacting unused heavy oil with supercritical water or subcritical water It is. The specific procedure is as follows.

(a) Unused heavy oil supply step Unused heavy oil is supplied to the reaction cylinder 23 by a heavy oil supply pipe 17 that is connected to the reaction cylinder 23 through the container wall of the reaction vessel 11. Supply. As this premise, supercritical water or subcritical water is stored in the reaction vessel 11, and this supercritical water or subcritical water is supplied into the reaction vessel 11 through the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes 31 and 32. It is obtained by heating high-pressure water with the heater 39.

(b) Step of Cooling Heavy Oil Supply Pipe and Reaction Cylinder First High Pressure Water Supply Pipe 31 that covers heavy oil supply pipe 17 and extends into reaction vessel 11 when supplying unused heavy oil Supply high pressure water. The high-pressure water is supplied by driving the first high-pressure water supply pump 34, and the high-pressure water passes through the lid body 13 by supplying high-pressure water from the water storage tank 33 to the first high-pressure water supply pipe 31. The heavy oil supply pipe 17 provided in the reaction vessel 11 is cooled from the surroundings, and the high pressure water discharged into the reaction vessel 11 is provided continuously to the lower end of the heavy oil supply pipe 17. The outer surface of 23 is further cooled. As a result, it is avoided that unused heavy oil passing through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 is heated and coking of the heavy oil inside the supply pipe 17 is avoided, and the supply pipe 17 is blocked. Can be effectively prevented.

(c) Reformed oil conversion step Unused heavy oil is reacted with supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction cylinder 23 whose outer surface is cooled by the high pressure water supplied to the first high pressure water supply pipe 31. To convert to reformed oil. Here, the unused heavy oil is supplied to the inside from the upper part of the reaction cylinder 23 via the heavy oil supply pipe 17 by driving the heavy oil supply pump 21, and the supplied unused heavy oil is supplied. The oil reacts with supercritical water or subcritical water that has entered the inside through the lower end opening, and is converted into reformed oil in the inside. Here, although the unused heavy oil supplied from the heavy oil supply pipe 17 is generally caulked at 430 ° C. or higher, the reaction cylinder 23 is cooled on its outer surface, so that the reaction cylinder 23 The vicinity of the inner wall does not reach the coking temperature, and it is possible to avoid a situation in which heavy oil supplied to the inside of the reaction cylinder 23 causes coking and adheres to the inner wall.

(d) Step of taking out reformed oil Next, the reformed oil converted in the reaction cylinder 23 is discharged from the reaction cylinder 23 and the reaction vessel 11 together with water. This discharge is performed by a reformed oil discharge pipe 18 that passes through the container wall of the reaction container 11 and is connected to the reaction cylinder 23. The reformed oil discharged together with water through the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is then cooled by the heat exchanger 26 and depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 27 to reach a subcritical state or lower temperature and pressure of water. The mixed fluid of the reformed oil and water is sent to the flash separation tank 24 to separate the hydrocarbon-based heavy reformed oil, and the remaining liquid is further cooled by the cooler 25a, and then the gas oil / water separation tank 25 is separated. Is separated into gas, light reforming oil and water. The separated gas is used as fuel for a power generation boiler (not shown). The separated heavy and light reformed oils are used as fuel for boilers (not shown) or the like, or used as intermediate raw materials for petroleum refining plants.

(e) Reformed oil discharge pipe cooling step When discharging the reformed oil, high pressure water is supplied to the second high pressure water supply pipe 32 that covers the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 and extends into the reaction vessel 11. The high-pressure water is supplied by driving the second high-pressure water supply pump 36, and the high-pressure water passes through the lid body 13 by supplying high-pressure water from the water storage tank 33 to the second high-pressure water supply pipe 32. Then, the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 provided is cooled from the surroundings. As a result, it is avoided that the reformed oil passing through the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is heated to cause coking of heavy oil components in the discharge pipe 18, and the discharge pipe 18 is blocked. Can be effectively prevented.

(f) High-pressure water heating step The high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel 11 by the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes is heated by a heater for heating the reaction vessel 11 to be supercritical water or subcritical water. As a result, the unused heavy oil is reformed, and supercritical water or subcritical water discharged to the outside from the reformed oil discharge pipe 18 is newly made, and the reaction cylinder through the heavy oil supply pipe 17 The unused heavy oil continuously supplied to the fuel oil can be continuously reformed.

It is an expanded sectional view which shows the structure of the reaction container in the reformer of this invention. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the structure of the cylinder for reaction provided in the inside. It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the apparatus. It is sectional drawing corresponding to FIG. 1 which shows the conventional reaction container.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Reformer 11 Reaction container 17 Heavy oil supply pipe 18 Reformed oil discharge pipe 23 Reaction cylinder 31 First high-pressure water supply pipe 32 Second high-pressure water supply pipe 34 First high-pressure water supply pump 36 Second high-pressure water Supply pump 39 Heater 41 First temperature sensor 42 Second temperature sensor 43 Controller 44 Third temperature sensor

Claims (8)

In the reaction vessel (11) for storing supercritical water or subcritical water, unused heavy oil is supplied to the reaction cylinder (23) provided spaced apart from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel (11). After converting the unused heavy oil into reformed oil by reacting with the supercritical water or subcritical water, the reformed oil is discharged from the reaction cylinder (23) and the reaction vessel (11). A method for reforming unused heavy oil,
The unused heavy oil is passed through the container wall of the reaction vessel (11) and communicated with the reaction cylinder (23) by the heavy oil supply pipe (17), and the unused heavy oil is supplied to the reaction cylinder (23). To supply
When supplying the unused heavy oil, supplying high-pressure water to the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31) that covers the heavy oil supply pipe (17) and extends into the reaction vessel (11). And cooling the heavy oil supply pipe (17) and cooling the outer surface of the reaction cylinder (23) with high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31),
In the reaction cylinder (23) whose outer surface is cooled, the unused heavy oil is reacted with supercritical water or subcritical water to be converted into reformed oil,
The reformed oil converted in the reaction cylinder (23) by the reformed oil discharge pipe (18) connected to the reaction cylinder (23) through the container wall of the reaction container (11). Is discharged from the reaction cylinder (23) and the reaction vessel (11),
When discharging the reformed oil, the high pressure water is supplied to a second high pressure water supply pipe (32) that covers the reformed oil discharge pipe (18) and extends into the reaction vessel (11). Cool the reforming oil discharge pipe (18),
The high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel (11) by the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes (31, 32) is supercritical water or subcritical water by a heater (39) for heating the reaction vessel (11). A method for reforming unused heavy oil, characterized by using water.   The reforming method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31) is controlled based on a temperature change state of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31).   The amount of high-pressure water supplied to the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes (31, 32) based on the temperature change state of the high-pressure water in the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes (31, 32), respectively. The reforming method according to claim 1 to be controlled.   The reforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heater (39) is controlled based on a temperature change state of supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction vessel (11). A reaction vessel (11) for storing supercritical water or subcritical water;
The reaction vessel (11) can be converted into a reformed oil by reacting with the supercritical water or subcritical water inside the reaction vessel (11) separated from the vessel wall of the reaction vessel (11). A reaction cylinder (23);
A heavy oil supply pipe (17) that is connected to the reaction cylinder (23) through the container wall of the reaction container (11) and supplies the unused heavy oil to the reaction cylinder (23). )When,
A first high-pressure water supply pipe (31) provided to cover the heavy oil supply pipe (17) and extend into the reaction vessel (11);
The reformed oil that passes through the container wall of the reaction vessel (11) and is connected to the reaction cylinder (23) and converted in the reaction cylinder (23) is converted into the reaction cylinder (23) and A reformed oil discharge pipe (18) discharged from the reaction vessel (11);
A second high-pressure water supply pipe (32) provided to cover the reformed oil discharge pipe (18) and extend into the reaction vessel (11);
When the high-pressure water is supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31) to supply the unused heavy oil, the heavy oil supply pipe (17) is cooled and the reaction cylinder (23) A first high-pressure water supply pump (34) for cooling the outer surface with high-pressure water supplied to the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31);
A second high-pressure water supply pump (36) for cooling the reformed oil discharge pipe (18) when high-pressure water is supplied to the second high-pressure water supply pipe (32) and the reformed oil is discharged;
A heater (39) for heating the high-pressure water supplied into the reaction vessel (11) by the first and second high-pressure water supply pipes (31, 32) to form supercritical water or subcritical water. Equipment for reforming unused heavy oil.   A first temperature sensor (41) for measuring the temperature of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31), and the first high-pressure water supply pump (34) are controlled by the detection output of the first temperature sensor (41). The reformer according to claim 5, further comprising a controller (43) for performing the operation.   A first temperature sensor (41) for measuring the temperature of the high-pressure water in the first high-pressure water supply pipe (31) and a second temperature sensor (for measuring the temperature of the high-pressure water in the second high-pressure water supply pipe (32)) 42) and a controller for controlling the first high-pressure water supply pump (34) and the second high-pressure water supply pump (36) according to the detection outputs of the first temperature sensor (41) and the second temperature sensor (42). 43. The reformer according to claim 5, wherein 43) is provided. A third temperature sensor (44) for measuring the temperature of supercritical water or subcritical water in the reaction vessel (11) is further provided, and the controller (43) is provided with a heater (39) according to the detection output of the third temperature sensor (44). 8) A reformer according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the reformer is configured to control the above.

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