JP2006101623A - Ac motor - Google Patents

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JP2006101623A
JP2006101623A JP2004283946A JP2004283946A JP2006101623A JP 2006101623 A JP2006101623 A JP 2006101623A JP 2004283946 A JP2004283946 A JP 2004283946A JP 2004283946 A JP2004283946 A JP 2004283946A JP 2006101623 A JP2006101623 A JP 2006101623A
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rotor
motor
permanent magnet
arc
stator
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Kaneo Takaku
銀夫 高久
Tadashi Narakiya
正 楢木野
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TOYU TECHNICA CO Ltd
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TOYU TECHNICA CO Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To smoothly perform variable speed drive and constant speed drive by making the efficiency of an AC motor high, by making an output high, by making torque high, by reducing a size, and by suppressing the rise of a temperature. <P>SOLUTION: The AC motor comprises: a rotor equipped with permanent magnets on the rotor surface of the AC motor having a basket-shaped or winding-shaped conductor at the rotor; a stator core; and a stator winding composed of a distributed winding or a concentrated winding wound round the stator core. Skewing is applied to each of the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnets of which the number corresponds to the number of magnetic poles of the stator, and the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnets are attached on the surface of the rotor so as to substantially cover almost the whole of the surface, to form the non-salient motor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、交流電動機の高効率化、高出力化、高トルク化、小形化、温度上昇の低減化さらに可変速駆動および定速度駆動を円滑に行うために、かご形または巻線形導体を有する交流電動機の回転子の表面に 円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を装着したことを特徴とする交流電動機に関するものである。   The present invention has a squirrel-cage or winding-type conductor to improve the efficiency, increase the output, increase the torque, reduce the size of the AC motor, reduce the temperature rise, and smoothly perform variable speed driving and constant speed driving. The present invention relates to an AC motor characterized in that an arc or cylindrical permanent magnet is mounted on the surface of the rotor of the AC motor.

交流電動機の中には、誘導電動機のように負荷に応じてすべりを生じて回転し、回転子電流が流れてトルクが発生するので、電源周波数に同期した定速度駆動が不可能であり、回転子電流が流れて電力の損失となり、温度上昇の原因となる欠点があった。またブラシレスD Cモータは、回転する永久磁石の界磁極を利用しているので、誘導電動機のような回転子電流が不要となり効率が向上すると共に、定速度駆動が可能である。しかし位置検出のエンコーダや回転速度の検出が必要となり、駆動装置の構成が複雑となって高価となる欠点があった。   Some AC motors, such as induction motors, rotate by slipping according to the load, and the rotor current flows and torque is generated. Therefore, constant-speed driving synchronized with the power supply frequency is impossible. The child current flows, resulting in power loss, which causes a temperature rise. Further, since the brushless DC motor uses the field pole of a rotating permanent magnet, a rotor current unlike an induction motor is not required, and the efficiency is improved and a constant speed drive is possible. However, the position detecting encoder and the rotational speed need to be detected, and the configuration of the driving device is complicated and expensive.

交流電動機である誘導電動機において、回転子内部に回転できるマグネットを設け、このマグネットは固定子で発生する回転磁界と同期しており、回転子とは別に回転するようにした誘導電動機が、提案されている。この回転子は回転磁界から遅れてすべりで回転する。回転子の導体と鎖交する磁束数はマグネットにより増加し、マグネット付のトルクがマグネットのない従来形誘導電動機に比較して、1.2倍に、また定格出力400Wでの効率が従来形電動機では77%であるが、マグネット付では、87%となり、10%の改善結果を得ている(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。   In induction motors that are AC motors, a magnet that can be rotated inside the rotor is provided, and this magnet is synchronized with the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, and an induction motor that rotates separately from the rotor has been proposed. ing. The rotor rotates by slipping behind the rotating magnetic field. The number of magnetic fluxes linked to the rotor conductor is increased by the magnet, and the torque with the magnet is 1.2 times that of a conventional induction motor without a magnet, and the efficiency at a rated output of 400 W is 77 for a conventional motor. %, But with a magnet, it is 87%, and an improvement result of 10% is obtained (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

柴田・土田・今井:「回転マグネットを内蔵する高トルク誘導電動機」、電気学会論文誌D、115巻11号、1341頁−1346頁(平成7年)Shibata, Tsuchida, Imai: "High torque induction motor with a built-in rotating magnet", IEICE Transactions D, Vol. 115, pp. 1341-1346 (1995)

本発明は、交流電動機において、かご形または巻線形を有する交流電動機の回転子表面に円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を設けて非突極機とし、円弧状又は円筒形磁石にスキューを行って、コギングトルクの発生を低減化させるとともに、交流電動機の高効率化、高出力化、高トルク化、小型化、温度上昇の低減化をはかり、ブラシレスD Cモータで使用されている位置検出のエンコーダや回転速度の速度検出器を使用することなしに、高精度の定速度駆動および可変速駆動が行える安価な交流電動機を提供しようとするものである。また回転子導体には負荷変動に伴う速度の変動を抑制するダンパ効果が作用し、可変速駆動や定速度駆動の円滑な駆動を可能にしようとするものである。 In the AC motor, in the AC motor having a squirrel-cage or winding shape, an arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is provided on the rotor surface to form a non-salient pole machine, and the arc-shaped or cylindrical magnet is skewed. In addition to reducing the occurrence of cogging torque, the AC motor is more efficient, higher output, higher torque, smaller, and temperature rise is reduced. Position detection encoders and rotations used in brushless DC motors It is an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive AC motor capable of high-precision constant speed driving and variable speed driving without using a speed detector. The rotor conductor also has a damper effect that suppresses fluctuations in speed due to load fluctuations, and is intended to enable smooth driving of variable speed driving or constant speed driving.

そのためにかご形回転子又は巻線形回転子を有する交流電動機の回転子の表面に、スキューした円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を装着するために回転子の表面を切削加工するか、或いは予め円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石の装着部分をカットした回転子鉄心を作成して、アルミニウムダイカストを行い、スキューした円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を回転子表面に装着することにより、高精度の可変速駆動および定速度駆動がオープン・ループで行え、容易で安価な交流電動機を提供するものである。 For this purpose, the surface of the rotor is cut to mount a skewed arc shape or cylindrical permanent magnet on the surface of the rotor of an AC motor having a squirrel-cage rotor or a wound rotor, or in advance an arc shape. Alternatively, a rotor core with a cylindrical permanent magnet mounting portion cut is made, aluminum die casting is performed, and a skewed arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor surface, so that a highly accurate variable speed drive and An AC motor that can be driven at a constant speed in an open loop and is easy and inexpensive is provided.

本発明は、固定子鉄心と、該固定子鉄心に巻かれた分布巻線又は集中巻線よりなる固定子巻線と、かご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子とを具えた交流電動機において、該回転子の表面に固定子の磁極数と同じ磁極数を有する永久磁石を該回転子の実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように装着したことを特徴とする。
本発明は、前記実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように装着した永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成しことを特徴とする。
本発明は、前記実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように装着する永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成し、回転子に接着したことを特徴とする。
本発明は、前記円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石がスキューしていることを特徴とする。
本発明は、前記円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を、該円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石の装着部分を予めカットした回転子鉄心を作成して、アルミニウムダイカストを行い、回転子表面に装着固定したことを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機が、誘導電動機であることを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機が、単相誘導電動機であることを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機が、3相誘導電動機であることを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機が、同期電動機であることを特徴とする。
本発明は、固定子鉄心と、該固定子鉄心に巻かれた分布巻線又は集中巻線よりなる固定子巻線と、かご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子とを具えた交流電動機において、該回転子に実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように固定子の磁極数と同じ磁極数を有する永久磁石を装着する交流電動機の製造方法において、該永久磁石を回転子表面に装着することを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機の回転子の製造方法において、前記永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成し、該永久磁石を回転子表面に接着することを特徴とする。
本発明は、固定子鉄心と、該固定子鉄心に巻かれた分布巻線又は集中巻線よりなる固定子巻線と、かご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子とを具えた交流電動機において、該回転子に実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように固定子の磁極数と同じ磁極数を有する永久磁石を装着する交流電動機の製造方法において、該永久磁石を装着する部分をあらかじめカットした回転子鉄心を作製し、アルミニウムダイカストを行い、該永久磁石を回転子表面に装着することを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機の回転子の製造方法において、前記永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成し、該永久磁石を回転子表面に接着することを特徴とする。
本発明は、交流電動機の回転子の製造方法において、前記円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石がスキューしていることを特徴とする。
The present invention relates to an AC motor comprising a stator core, a stator winding made of distributed winding or concentrated winding wound around the stator core, and a rotor made of a cage or a wound conductor. A permanent magnet having the same number of magnetic poles as that of the stator is mounted on the surface of the rotor so as to cover substantially the most surface of the rotor.
The present invention is characterized in that the permanent magnet mounted so as to cover substantially the most surface is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape.
The present invention is characterized in that the permanent magnet to be mounted so as to cover substantially the most surface is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape, and is bonded to a rotor.
The present invention is characterized in that the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is skewed.
In the present invention, the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is prepared by preparing a rotor core in which the mounting portion of the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is cut in advance, and performing aluminum die casting, and mounting and fixing to the rotor surface. It is characterized by.
The present invention is characterized in that the AC motor is an induction motor.
The present invention is characterized in that the AC motor is a single-phase induction motor.
The present invention is characterized in that the AC motor is a three-phase induction motor.
The present invention is characterized in that the AC motor is a synchronous motor.
The present invention relates to an AC motor comprising a stator core, a stator winding made of distributed winding or concentrated winding wound around the stator core, and a rotor made of a cage or a wound conductor. In a method of manufacturing an AC motor in which a permanent magnet having the same number of magnetic poles as that of a stator is attached to the rotor so as to substantially cover most of the surface, the permanent magnet is attached to the rotor surface. Features.
The present invention is characterized in that in the method of manufacturing a rotor for an AC motor, the permanent magnet is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape, and the permanent magnet is bonded to the rotor surface.
The present invention relates to an AC motor comprising a stator core, a stator winding made of distributed winding or concentrated winding wound around the stator core, and a rotor made of a cage or a wound conductor. In a method of manufacturing an AC motor in which a permanent magnet having the same number of magnetic poles as that of a stator is mounted so as to cover substantially the most surface of the rotor, a rotation in which a portion where the permanent magnet is mounted is cut in advance. A core is produced, aluminum die casting is performed, and the permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor surface.
The present invention is characterized in that in the method of manufacturing a rotor for an AC motor, the permanent magnet is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape, and the permanent magnet is bonded to the rotor surface.
The present invention is characterized in that, in the method of manufacturing a rotor for an AC motor, the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is skewed.

従来形交流電動機である誘導電動機は、負荷時にすべりを生じて回転し、回転子電流が流れるのでトルクが発生する。しかし負荷に応じてすべりが変化するので定速度駆動が不可能であり、回転子電流が流れるので電力の損失となり、温度上昇の原因となる欠点があった。
本発明によるかご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子を具えた交流電動機においては、回転子導体の表面に円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を装着するために切削加工が容易であり、また円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石の装着部分を予めカットした回転子鉄心を作成してアルミニウムダイガストを行って、円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を回転子表面に容易に装着することができ、永久磁石付回転子は、電源周波数に同期して回転するので回転子導体には電流が流れないので高効率化、高出力化、高トルク化、小形化、温度上昇の低減化がはかれる。さらに回転子表面に装着した 円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石は回転中に空冷されて、温度上昇を低減できる。このように回転子表面に円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を設けて非突極機にし、円弧状又は円筒形磁石にスキューを行い、コギングトルクの発生を低減化させている。
An induction motor, which is a conventional AC motor, rotates when a load is generated, and a rotor current flows to generate torque. However, since the slip changes according to the load, it is impossible to drive at a constant speed, and since the rotor current flows, there is a disadvantage that power is lost and the temperature rises.
In the AC motor having a rotor made up of a cage or wound conductor according to the present invention, an arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is mounted on the surface of the rotor conductor, so that cutting is easy, A rotor core with a cylindrical permanent magnet mounting part cut in advance is made and aluminum die-casting is performed, and an arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet can be easily mounted on the rotor surface. Since the rotor conductor rotates in synchronization with the power supply frequency, no current flows through the rotor conductor, so that high efficiency, high output, high torque, miniaturization, and reduction in temperature rise can be achieved. Furthermore, the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet mounted on the rotor surface is air-cooled during rotation, and the temperature rise can be reduced. In this way, an arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is provided on the rotor surface to make a non-salient pole machine, and the arc-shaped or cylindrical magnet is skewed to reduce the occurrence of cogging torque.

さらにブラシレスD Cモータで使用されるエンコーダと速度センサが不要であり、三相電源にじか入れして始動を行い、電源周波数の同期速度での定速度駆動が容易で安価に提供できる。またインバータ装置を使用することによりインバータの指令周波数を操作し、可変速駆動と定速度駆動を市販のブラシレスD Cモータよりも容易かつ安価に提供できる。
また回転子導体には負荷変動に伴う速度の変動を抑制するダンパ効果が作用し、可変速駆動や定速度駆動を円滑に行うことができる。
Furthermore, the encoder and speed sensor used in the brushless DC motor are not required, and it is possible to provide a constant speed drive at a synchronous speed of the power supply frequency easily and inexpensively by starting it directly into a three-phase power supply. In addition, by using the inverter device, the command frequency of the inverter can be operated, and variable speed driving and constant speed driving can be provided more easily and cheaply than commercially available brushless DC motors.
The rotor conductor also has a damper effect that suppresses speed fluctuations caused by load fluctuations, so that variable speed driving and constant speed driving can be performed smoothly.

かご形又は巻線形導体を有する交流電動機の回転子の表面に、スキューした円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を装着することにより、三相じか入れ始動後に電源周波数に同期して円滑に回転し、またインバータ装置の指令周波数に同期してオープン・ループで円滑に回転することができ、市販のブラシレスD Cモータよりも容易かつ安価に提供できる。効率を最大9 1% で駆動することができ、出力が3 0 0% までの過負荷時においても、正確に同期速度で回転し、高効率化、高出力化、高トルク化、小形化がはかれる。この交流電動機は、同期速度で回転しているので回転子導体には電流が流れず、さらに円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石は回転子表面にあるので、回転中に空冷され、円弧状又は円筒形磁石のより一層の温度上昇の低減化がはかれる。電源周波数またはインバータの指令周波数に同期して回転している場合には、電源周波数または指令周波数から電動機の回転速度が演算されるので速度センサレスとすることができる。
回転子導体には負荷変動に伴う速度の変動を抑制するダンパ効果が作用し、可変速駆動や定速度駆動を円滑に行うことができる。
By attaching a skewed arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet to the surface of the rotor of an AC motor having a cage or winding conductor, it rotates smoothly in synchronization with the power supply frequency after starting the three-phase trapping, Further, it can rotate smoothly in an open loop in synchronization with the command frequency of the inverter device, and can be provided more easily and cheaply than a commercially available brushless DC motor. Efficiency can be driven at a maximum of 9 1%, and even when the output is overloaded up to 300%, it can rotate accurately at the synchronous speed, resulting in higher efficiency, higher output, higher torque, and smaller size. Peeled off. Since this AC motor rotates at a synchronous speed, no current flows through the rotor conductor, and since the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is on the rotor surface, it is air-cooled during rotation and is arc-shaped or cylindrical. The temperature rise of the magnet can be further reduced. When the motor rotates in synchronization with the power supply frequency or the command frequency of the inverter, the rotational speed of the motor is calculated from the power supply frequency or the command frequency, so that the speed sensor can be eliminated.
The rotor conductor has a damper effect that suppresses speed fluctuations associated with load fluctuations, so that variable speed driving and constant speed driving can be performed smoothly.

以下、図1 、図2 、図3 および図4 により、本発明の実施例を説明する。
図1 は、本発明による交流電動機の回転子に回転子導体と永久磁石を有する回転子の断面図であり、1 は、スキューした円弧状永久磁石、2 は、回転子の導体を、図1 は、磁極数4 の円弧状永久磁石の配置図を示す。
図1 において、 回転子導体を有する交流電動機の回転子表面に交流電動機の極数分だけのスキューした円弧状永久磁石を設けるために、先ず、回転子表面を円弧状磁石の厚さ分だけ切削加工し、永久磁石を所定の位置に接着する。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor having a rotor conductor and a permanent magnet in a rotor of an AC motor according to the present invention. 1 is a skewed arc-shaped permanent magnet, 2 is a rotor conductor, and FIG. These show the layout of the arc-shaped permanent magnet with 4 magnetic poles.
In FIG. 1, in order to provide an arc-shaped permanent magnet skewed by the number of poles of the AC motor on the rotor surface of the AC motor having the rotor conductor, first, the rotor surface is cut by the thickness of the arc-shaped magnet. Process and bond the permanent magnet in place.

実施例の交流電動機は、3相誘導電動機であり、定格電圧2 0 0V、 定格電流1 . 0 5A、周波数5 0 H z、定格出力2 0 0W、定格回転数1 4 0 0 m i n −1、回転子直径6 5 m m、 スロット数4 0である。図1 の導体の高さ3 は、9 . 5 m mであり、回転子表面に装着する円弧状磁石の厚みは、2 . 5 m mであり、その厚み分だけ回転子の表面を切削加工している。 図1 の極間4 は、1 m m、回転子軸方向の永久磁石の長さは、5 0m mである。 The AC motor of the embodiment is a three-phase induction motor, and has a rated voltage of 20 V, a rated current of 1.0 A, a frequency of 50 Hz, a rated output of 200 W, a rated rotational speed of 140,000 min −1 , The rotor diameter is 65 mm and the number of slots is 40. The height 3 of the conductor in FIG. 1 is 9.5 mm, and the thickness of the arc-shaped magnet attached to the rotor surface is 2.5 mm. The rotor surface is cut by that thickness. Yes. The distance 4 between the poles in FIG. 1 is 1 mm, and the length of the permanent magnet in the rotor axial direction is 50 mm.

また円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石の装着に当たっては、回転子の表面を磁石の厚さ分だけ切削加工して、接着する方法に代えて、永久磁石装着部分をあらかじめカットした回転子鉄心を作成して、アルミニウムダイカストを行って、回転子表面に装着することもできる。 Also, when mounting an arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet, instead of the method of cutting the surface of the rotor by the thickness of the magnet and bonding it, create a rotor core with the permanent magnet mounting part cut in advance. Then, it can be mounted on the rotor surface by performing aluminum die casting.

図2 は、図1 の回転子導体と永久磁石とを有する回転子から構成された交流電動機の回路図であり、回転子導体と永久磁石とを有する回転子5 は、非突極性を示している。図2 において、RS は、固定子巻線6 の各相抵抗をLa 、Lb、 Lcは、固定子巻線6 の各相自己インダクタンスを、

Figure 2006101623

は、固定子巻線6 の各相電流を、
Figure 2006101623

は、回転子導体のd軸電流7とq軸電流8 を、
Figure 2006101623

は、a相の固定子巻線軸と永久磁石のd軸間の角度位置( 電気角)と回転子の電気的角速度を表す。
図2 の回路図から、回転子に回転子導体と永久磁石とを有する交流電動機の発生トルク式を導出することができ、次式となる。 FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an AC motor composed of a rotor having the rotor conductor and permanent magnet of FIG. 1, and the rotor 5 having the rotor conductor and permanent magnet shows non-saliency. Yes. In FIG. 2, R S represents each phase resistance of the stator winding 6, L a , L b , and L c represent each phase self-inductance of the stator winding 6,
Figure 2006101623

Is the current of each phase of the stator winding 6
Figure 2006101623

Is the d-axis current 7 and q-axis current 8 of the rotor conductor,
Figure 2006101623

Represents the angular position (electrical angle) between the a-phase stator winding axis and the d-axis of the permanent magnet and the electrical angular velocity of the rotor.
From the circuit diagram of FIG. 2, a generated torque equation of an AC motor having a rotor conductor and a permanent magnet in the rotor can be derived, and the following equation is obtained.

Figure 2006101623
Figure 2006101623

( 1 )式において、τe(t)は、発生トルクを、K、K、Kは、比例定数を、ΨPmは、永久磁石の最大磁束を表す。
( 1 )式の第1項は、永久磁石により発生するマグネットトルクを、第2項は、d軸の回転子導体に発生する誘導トルクを、第3項は、q軸の回転子導体に発生する誘導トルクを表す。
さらに、( 1 )式をd、q軸座標上に変換し、その変換した発生トルク式を(2 )式に示す。
In Equation (1), τ e (t) represents the generated torque, K 1 , K 2 , and K 3 represent proportionality constants, and Ψ Pm represents the maximum magnetic flux of the permanent magnet.
The first term in equation (1) is the magnet torque generated by the permanent magnet, the second term is the induced torque generated in the d-axis rotor conductor, and the third term is generated in the q-axis rotor conductor. Represents the induced torque.
Further, the equation (1) is converted to the d and q axis coordinates, and the generated torque equation is shown in the equation (2).

Figure 2006101623
Figure 2006101623

( 2 )式において、K、K、Kは、比例定数を、

Figure 2006101623

は、固定子巻線6 の各相電流をd、q軸に座標変換したd軸電流とq軸電流を表す。
( 1 )式と同様に、( 2 )式の第1項は、マグネットトルクを、第2項は、d軸の回転子導体に発生する誘導トルクを、第3項は、q軸の回転子導体に発生する誘導トルクを表す。 In the equation (2), K 4 , K 5 , K 6 are proportional constants,
Figure 2006101623

Represents a d-axis current and a q-axis current obtained by coordinate-converting each phase current of the stator winding 6 to d and q axes.
Similar to equation (1), the first term of equation (2) is the magnet torque, the second term is the induced torque generated in the d-axis rotor conductor, and the third term is the q-axis rotor. This represents the induced torque generated in the conductor.

図3 は、本発明に係る回転子に回転子導体と永久磁石とを有する交流電動機の駆動装置の構成を示す。9 は、回転子に回転導体と永久磁石とを有する交流電動機1 3 をじか入れ始動するための三相電源の供給配線である。1 3 の交流電動機に三相電源を直接印加し、電源周波数の同期速度までじか入れ始動を行う。この始動時に、図1 に示す回転子導体2 に誘導電流が生じ、図2 に示す回転子導体のd、q軸電流によって( 1 )式および( 2 )式の各第2項と第3項の誘導トルクが発生するので電源周波数の同期速度まで始動が可能となる。同期速度では( 1 )式および(2 )式の各第1項のマグネットトルクにより定速度駆動が可能となる。このように始動がなされ同期速度での定速度駆動が容易で安価に提供できる。また、負荷変動に伴い速度が変動する場合には、回転子導体2 ( 図1 ) に誘導電流が生じ、回転子導体のd、q軸電流( 図2 ) により( 1 )式および( 2 )式の各第2項と第3項の誘導トルクが発生する。誘導トルクは、速度変動を抑制するダンパ効果として作用し、可変速駆動や定速度駆動の円滑な駆動が容易で安価に提供できる。
図3 の1 0 は、インバータ装置1 1 の指令周波数であり、1 2 は、インバータ装置1 1 を電源として交流電動機1 3 に電力を供給する電力供給線である。インバータ装置1 1 は、指令周波数1 0 に関して可変電圧と可変周波数の変換装置と回転速度の演算と表示の機能を備えており、交流電動機に用いられている市販のインバータ装置の機能が供えている。指令周波数1 0 をインバータ装置1 1 に入力する。インバータ装置1 1 では、指令周波数1 0 により、V / f制御がなされ、電力供給線1 2 を通して交流電動機1 3 に電力を供給する。V/ f制御により、交流電動機1 3 を始動させ、指令周波数1 0 を一定に保てば定速度駆動が、また指令周波数1 0 を可変すれば可変速駆動が行える。
このように三相じか入れ始動時に( 1)式と( 2 )式の各第2項と第3項が誘導トルクとして作用し、同期速度まで始動する。電源の周波数9 またはインバータ装置の一定の指令周波数1 0 で回転している場合には( 1 )式と( 2 )式の各第1項のマグネットトルクによって、同期速度で回転し定速度駆動が行える。
FIG. 3 shows the configuration of an AC motor driving device having a rotor conductor and a permanent magnet in the rotor according to the present invention. Reference numeral 9 denotes a three-phase power supply wiring for directly starting the AC motor 1 3 having a rotating conductor and a permanent magnet in the rotor. Apply the three-phase power directly to the AC motor of 1 3 and start by directly entering the synchronous speed of the power frequency. At this start-up, an induced current is generated in the rotor conductor 2 shown in FIG. 1, and the second and third terms of the expressions (1) and (2) are determined by the d and q-axis currents of the rotor conductor shown in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to start up to the synchronous speed of the power supply frequency. At the synchronous speed, constant speed driving can be performed by the magnet torque of each first term in the expressions (1) and (2). Thus, starting is performed, and constant speed driving at a synchronous speed can be easily and inexpensively provided. In addition, when the speed fluctuates due to load fluctuations, an induced current is generated in the rotor conductor 2 (Fig. 1), and the equations (1) and (2) are derived from the d and q axis currents (Fig. 2) of the rotor conductor. The induction torques of the second and third terms of the equation are generated. The induced torque acts as a damper effect that suppresses speed fluctuations, and smooth driving such as variable speed driving and constant speed driving can be easily and inexpensively provided.
3 is a command frequency of the inverter device 1 1, and 1 2 is a power supply line that supplies power to the AC motor 1 3 using the inverter device 1 1 as a power source. The inverter device 1 1 has a variable voltage and variable frequency conversion device with respect to the command frequency 1 0, and a function of calculating and displaying the rotational speed, and has the function of a commercially available inverter device used for an AC motor. . The command frequency 1 0 is input to the inverter device 1 1. In the inverter device 1 1, V / f control is performed by the command frequency 1 0, and power is supplied to the AC motor 1 3 through the power supply line 1 2. By V / f control, the AC motor 1 3 is started, and if the command frequency 1 0 is kept constant, constant speed driving can be performed, and if the command frequency 1 0 is varied, variable speed driving can be performed.
As described above, at the start of the three-phase joint insertion, the second and third terms of the equations (1) and (2) act as the induction torque to start up to the synchronous speed. When rotating at the frequency 9 of the power supply or the constant command frequency 10 of the inverter unit, the motor rotates at the synchronous speed and is driven at a constant speed by the magnet torque of the first term of each of the equations (1) and (2). Yes.

Figure 2006101623
Figure 2006101623

表1 は、 永久磁石を装着する前の従来形交流電動機である誘導電動機を三相電源( 2 0 0V、5 0 H z) にじか入れ始動後に負荷試験を行い、その結果を示している。表1 より、最大効率は、7 2% であり、定格出力2 0 0Wで固定子電流が1. 0 5 7A、すべりが0 . 0 6生じており、定速度駆動は不可能である。
定格電流の1. 0 5Aで、トルクは1. 3 4N・mの値となる。
Table 1 shows the results of a load test after starting an induction motor, which is a conventional AC motor before mounting a permanent magnet, directly into a three-phase power supply (20 0 V, 50 Hz). . From Table 1, the maximum efficiency is 72%, the rated output is 20.0 W, the stator current is 1.05 7A, the slip is 0.06, and the constant speed drive is impossible.
The rated current is 1.0 5 A, and the torque is 1.3 4 N · m.

Figure 2006101623
Figure 2006101623

表2 は、スキューした円弧状永久磁石を交流電動機である誘導電動機の回転子に装着した永久磁石付誘導電動機を三相電源( 2 0 0V、5 0 H z) にじか入れ始動し、電源周波数の同期速度における定速度駆動時の負荷試験の結果を示している。表2 より最大効率は、9 1% であり、表1 の従来形誘導電動機の最大効率より1 9% 向上する。
また定格出力2 0 0Wで固定子電流が約0 . 7 Aとなり、定格電流1 . 0 5Aの約6 7% に減少する。定格電流1 . 0 5Aの時に出力が約3 1 4 Wとなり、表1 の従来形誘導電動機の約1 . 6倍の出力が可能である。さらに回転速度は定格出力の約3倍においても、同期速度1 5 0 0 m i n −1 の一定値に保たれている。定格電流1 . 0 5Aでトルクは2 N・mの値となり、同じ定格電流において表1 の従来形誘導電動機よりも0 . 6 6 N・m増加する。
Table 2 shows that an induction motor with a permanent magnet, in which a skewed arc-shaped permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor of an induction motor that is an AC motor, is directly applied to a three-phase power source (200 V, 50 Hz) and started. The result of the load test at the time of constant speed drive in the synchronous speed of a frequency is shown. From Table 2, the maximum efficiency is 91%, which is 19% higher than the maximum efficiency of the conventional induction motor shown in Table 1.
At a rated output of 20 W, the stator current is about 0.7 A, decreasing to about 67% of the rated current of 1.0 A. When the rated current is 1.0 A, the output is about 3 14 W, which is about 1.6 times that of the conventional induction motor shown in Table 1. Further, the rotational speed is maintained at a constant value of the sync speed 15 00 min −1 even at about 3 times the rated output. At a rated current of 1.0 A, the torque is 2 N · m, which is 0.6 6 N · m higher than the conventional induction motor shown in Table 1 at the same rated current.

温度上昇試験については、 表1 の負荷試験で使用した従来形交流電動機である誘導電動機では、トルクが1. 2 7N・mで、出力約1 8 8Wを6 0分連続運転で負荷した場合に、室温2 8℃ において電動機ケースの出力側が6 1 .6℃ 、電動機ケースの中央部が7 1 .8℃ 、電動機ケースの後部が6 4 . 0℃ の各値であり、飽和を示さず上昇している。 表2 の負荷試験で使用した永久磁石付誘導電動機ではトルクが同じ1 . 2 7N・mで、出力約1 9 9Wを6 5分連続運転で負荷した場合に、室温2 6 .3℃ において、電動機ケースの出力側が4 6 . 4℃ 、電動機ケースの中央部が5 1 .2℃ 、電動機ケースの後部が4 3 .9℃ の各値であり、飽和を示している。このように本発明の永久磁石付誘導電動機は、室温を考慮して、ケースの出力側で13.5℃ 、ケース中央で18.9℃ 、ケースの後部で18.4℃ の各値で、従来形誘導電動機より温度が減少している。上記実施例では、スキューした永久磁石を具えたものについて、説明したがスキューを省略しても良い。
図4に示される回転子は、永久磁石を円筒形に構成した実施例である。この場合もスキューを施しても、施さなくても良い。
For the temperature rise test, the induction motor, which is a conventional AC motor used in the load test shown in Table 1, has a torque of 1.2 7 N · m and an output of about 1 88 W with 60 minutes of continuous operation. At room temperature of 28 ° C, the output side of the motor case is 61.6 ° C, the center of the motor case is 71.8 ° C, and the rear of the motor case is 64.0 ° C. is doing. In the induction motor with a permanent magnet used in the load test shown in Table 2, the torque is the same as 1.27 N · m, and when an output of approx. The output side of the motor case is 46.4 ° C., the center portion of the motor case is 51.2 ° C., and the rear portion of the motor case is 4 3.9 ° C., indicating saturation. As described above, the induction motor with a permanent magnet of the present invention has a temperature higher than that of the conventional induction motor at 13.5 ° C. on the output side of the case, 18.9 ° C. at the center of the case, and 18.4 ° C. at the rear of the case in consideration of room temperature. Is decreasing. In the above embodiment, the skewed permanent magnet is described, but the skew may be omitted.
The rotor shown in FIG. 4 is an embodiment in which a permanent magnet is formed in a cylindrical shape. In this case, the skew may or may not be applied.

以上、主として回転子に回転子導体と永久磁石とを有する三相誘導電動機について、説明したが、三相交流電動機はもとより、単相誘導電動機、2 相誘導電動機、および多相誘導電動機についても適用できることは、勿論である。 The three-phase induction motor having a rotor conductor and permanent magnet in the rotor has been described above, but it is applicable not only to a three-phase AC motor but also to a single-phase induction motor, a two-phase induction motor, and a multi-phase induction motor. Of course, we can do it.

従来から利用されている交流電動機およびブラシレスD Cモータの可変速駆動と定速度駆動の分野において、回転子導体を有する交流電動機の回転子表面に、スキューした円弧状ま又は円筒形永久磁石を装着することにより、電源周波数やインバータ装置の任意の周波数に同期してオープン・ループで、騒音と振動の少ない円滑な回転ができ、高効率化、高出力化、高トルク化、小形化およびセンサレス化にすることができ、容易で安価な可変速駆動および定速度駆動の用途に誘導電動機の提供が可能となる。
回転子電流による電力の損失が少なくなり、温度上昇が減少し、高効率化がはかれるので省電力モータとして利用が可能となる。
回転子導体には負荷変動に伴う速度の変動を抑制するダンパ効果が発生するので、円滑な可変速駆動や定速度駆動の利用が可能である。
In the field of variable speed drive and constant speed drive of AC motors and brushless DC motors that have been used conventionally, a skewed arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor surface of an AC motor having a rotor conductor. As a result, it is possible to perform smooth rotation with less noise and vibration in an open loop synchronized with the power supply frequency and any frequency of the inverter device, and to achieve high efficiency, high output, high torque, downsizing and sensorlessness. Therefore, it is possible to provide an induction motor for easy and inexpensive variable speed driving and constant speed driving.
The loss of power due to the rotor current is reduced, the temperature rise is reduced, and the efficiency is improved, so that it can be used as a power saving motor.
Since the rotor conductor has a damper effect that suppresses speed fluctuations caused by load fluctuations, smooth variable speed driving and constant speed driving can be used.

本発明に係る交流電動機の回転子の断面図であり、磁極数4 の場合の一実施例を示す図It is sectional drawing of the rotor of the alternating current motor concerning this invention, and is a figure which shows one Example in the case of the number of magnetic poles 4 本発明に係る交流電動機の回路図Circuit diagram of AC motor according to the present invention 本発明に係る交流電動機の駆動装置の一実施例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows one Example of the drive device of the alternating current motor which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る他の実施例の円筒形永久磁石を具えた回転子の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the rotor provided with the cylindrical permanent magnet of the other Example which concerns on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 円弧状永久磁石
2 回転子の導体
3 回転子導体の高さ
4 極間の間隙
5 表面に永久磁石を装着した回転子
6 固定子巻線
7 回転子導体に流れるd軸電流
8 回転子導体に流れるq軸電流
9 三相電源の電力供給配線
1 0 周波数の指令値
1 1 インバータ装置
1 2 インバータ装置からの電力供給配線
1 3 交流電動機
14 円筒形永久磁石
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Arc-shaped permanent magnet 2 Rotor conductor 3 Rotor conductor height 4 Gap between poles 5 Rotor 6 with permanent magnet mounted on the surface Stator winding 7 d-axis current flowing in rotor conductor 8 Rotor conductor Q-axis current 9 flowing through the power supply wiring of the three-phase power supply 1 0 Frequency command value 1 1 Inverter device 1 2 Power supply wiring from the inverter device 1 3 AC motor 14 Cylindrical permanent magnet

Claims (14)

固定子鉄心と、該固定子鉄心に巻かれた分布巻線又は集中巻線よりなる固定子巻線と、かご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子とを具えた交流電動機において、
該回転子の表面に固定子の磁極数と同じ磁極数を有する永久磁石を該回転子の実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように装着したことを特徴とする交流電動機。
In an AC electric motor comprising a stator core, a stator winding made of distributed winding or concentrated winding wound around the stator core, and a rotor made of a cage or a wound conductor,
An AC electric motor, wherein a permanent magnet having the same number of magnetic poles as that of a stator is mounted on a surface of the rotor so as to cover substantially the most surface of the rotor.
前記実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように装着した永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成しことを特徴とする前記請求項1に記載された交流電動機。 2. The AC motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet mounted so as to substantially cover most of the surface is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape. 前記実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように装着する永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成し、回転子に接着したことを特徴とする前記請求項1又は請求項2に記載された交流電動機。 3. The AC motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet to be mounted so as to substantially cover most of the surface is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape and is bonded to a rotor. . 前記円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石がスキューしていることを特徴とする前記請求項1乃至3に記載の交流電動機。 4. The AC motor according to claim 1, wherein the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is skewed. 前記円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石を、該円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石の装着部分を予めカットした回転子鉄心を作成して、アルミニウムダイカストを行い、回転子表面に装着固定したことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の交流電動機。 The arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is prepared by making a rotor core in which a mounting portion of the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet has been cut in advance, and performing aluminum die casting and mounting and fixing to the rotor surface. The AC motor according to claim 1 or 2. 交流電動機が、誘導電動機であることを特徴とする前記請求項1乃至請求項5に記載の交流電動機。 The AC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the AC motor is an induction motor. 交流電動機が、単相誘導電動機であることを特徴とする前記請求項1乃至請求項5に記載の交流電動機。 The AC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the AC motor is a single-phase induction motor. 交流電動機が、3相誘導電動機であることを特徴とする前記請求項1乃至請求項5に記載の交流電動機。 The AC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the AC motor is a three-phase induction motor. 交流電動機が、同期電動機であることを特徴とする前記請求項1乃至請求項5に記載の交流電動機。 The AC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the AC motor is a synchronous motor. 固定子鉄心と、該固定子鉄心に巻かれた分布巻線又は集中巻線よりなる固定子巻線と、かご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子とを具えた交流電動機において、該回転子に実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように固定子の磁極数と同じ磁極数を有する永久磁石を装着する交流電動機の製造方法において、該永久磁石を回転子表面に装着することを特徴とする交流電動機の回転子の製造方法。 In an AC electric motor comprising a stator core, a stator winding made of distributed winding or concentrated winding wound around the stator core, and a rotor made of a cage or a wound conductor, In an AC motor manufacturing method in which a permanent magnet having the same number of magnetic poles as that of a stator is mounted so as to substantially cover most of the surface, the permanent magnet is mounted on a rotor surface. A method for manufacturing a rotor of an electric motor. 前記永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成し、該永久磁石を回転子表面に接着することを特徴とする前記請求項10に記載の交流電動機の回転子の製造方法。 The method for manufacturing a rotor of an AC electric motor according to claim 10, wherein the permanent magnet is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape, and the permanent magnet is bonded to a rotor surface. 固定子鉄心と、該固定子鉄心に巻かれた分布巻線又は集中巻線よりなる固定子巻線と、かご形又は巻線形導体よりなる回転子とを具えた交流電動機において、該回転子に実質的に殆んどの表面を覆うように固定子の磁極数と同じ磁極数を有する永久磁石を装着する交流電動機の製造方法において、該永久磁石を装着する部分をあらかじめカットした回転子鉄心を作製し、アルミニウムダイカストを行い、該永久磁石を回転子表面に装着することを特徴とする交流電動機の回転子の製造方法。 In an AC electric motor comprising a stator core, a stator winding made of distributed winding or concentrated winding wound around the stator core, and a rotor made of a cage or a wound conductor, In an AC motor manufacturing method in which a permanent magnet having the same number of magnetic poles as that of the stator is mounted so as to substantially cover most of the surface, a rotor core in which a portion where the permanent magnet is mounted is cut in advance is manufactured. Then, aluminum die casting is performed, and the permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor surface. 前記永久磁石を円弧状又は円筒形に構成し、該永久磁石を回転子表面に接着することを特徴とする前記請求項12に記載の交流電動機の回転子の製造方法。 13. The method of manufacturing a rotor for an AC motor according to claim 12, wherein the permanent magnet is formed in an arc shape or a cylindrical shape, and the permanent magnet is bonded to a rotor surface. 前記円弧状又は円筒形永久磁石がスキューしていることを特徴とする前記請求項10乃至請求項13に記載の交流電動機の回転子の製造方法。 14. The method of manufacturing a rotor for an AC motor according to claim 10, wherein the arc-shaped or cylindrical permanent magnet is skewed.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013515456A (en) * 2009-12-22 2013-05-02 カーエスベー・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト Cage rotor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013515456A (en) * 2009-12-22 2013-05-02 カーエスベー・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト Cage rotor
KR101759698B1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2017-07-20 케이에스비 악티엔게젤샤프트 Rotor having a short circuit cage

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