JP2006079794A - Recording and reproducing apparatus, and device and method for access control - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To minimize the amount of data which are lost owing to a battery fall while enabling recording even when the writing speed and data transfer rate of a recording medium are close to each other. <P>SOLUTION: A packing/unpacking part 22 converts video and audio data inputted from an application into packed video and audio data. An interface part 23 outputs the packed video and audio data to a disk control block 3. A buffer control part 34 stores the inputted packed video and audio data in a buffer 35. A hard disk drive 4, with one track as a recording unit, secures one track or a plurality of successive tracks to record the packed video and audio data on a magnetic disk 45. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a recording / reproducing apparatus using a disk as a recording medium, an access control apparatus for controlling access to the disk, and a disk access control method.

  Conventionally, there is a hard disk drive as one of large capacity recording means. The hard disk drive records data in a concentric area drawn when the magnetic disk is rotated. This concentric recording area is called a track. When writing data to the hard disk, the track is divided into smaller units for management. Usually, an area called a sector obtained by dividing a track radially from the center of a circle is set as a minimum recording unit. In general hard disk drives, it is often set to 512 bytes. The position information on the magnetic disk when the hard disk drive records data is determined by the track and sector.

  A logical minimum unit of data blocks on the hard disk is called a cluster. Several sectors are bundled to form a cluster as a minimum unit for area management. How many sectors a cluster consists of depends on the medium.

  In a conventional hard disk drive, data is often managed by a file system employed in a personal computer. In a file system adopted in a personal computer, one file is divided into a plurality of clusters and recorded.

  Normally, clusters are arranged so as to be physically continuous. However, as data is repeatedly deleted and overwritten, fragmentation occurs and it cannot be guaranteed that the clusters are continuously arranged. At this time, if the file is recorded, the clusters constituting the file are dispersed on the magnetic disk.

  This situation will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11 shows how one file is divided into six. The divided files are named division file A, division file B, division file C, division file D, division file E, and division file F in order from the top. When fragmentation occurs, the clusters are arranged at physically discontinuous positions as shown in FIG. Also, a management table for storing file recording positions and attributes exists at a position away from the cluster storing the files. When the rate at which a file is fragmented increases, memory access and disk access become slow due to an increase in address calculation and seek control overhead (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-3-171238

  For example, when recording large data such as video data and audio data, if the fragmentation is in progress, the hard disk drive will seek the track containing the requested data and the target address will be Wait for access to be possible. Here, data seek time and rotation waiting time occur.

  If the hard disk transfer rate is sufficient, there is no problem even if it takes time to access. However, in recent years, there is a system that has to improve the data transfer rate as the quality of video data and music data increases. For example, a camcorder for professional photographers must be able to shoot high-quality data such as digital hi-vision. Camcorders are portable electronic devices, and when shooting video, sudden accidents such as collisions and falls may occur. In such an accident, the power supply to the electronic device may be interrupted, and the data stored in the buffer may be lost.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is capable of recording even when the writing speed of the recording medium and the data transfer rate are close to each other, and recording / reproducing that minimizes the amount of data lost due to battery loss or the like. It is an object to provide an apparatus, an access control apparatus, and an access control method.

  A recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention is a recording / reproducing apparatus that uses a disk on which a plurality of tracks are formed substantially concentrically as a recording medium, and includes video data, audio data, and video / audio data included in video / audio data. Packed video / audio data generating means for separating the synchronization information and generating packed video / audio data based on the video data, audio data, and synchronization information, and creating a management table using the synchronization information as an index File management means for managing data, and control means for securing one or a plurality of continuous tracks with one track on the disk as a recording unit and recording packed video and audio data.

  An access control device according to the present invention is an access control device that controls access to a magnetic disk having a plurality of tracks formed substantially concentrically, and the video data, audio data, and synchronization information of the video / audio data are stored in a predetermined format. Storing data and inputting packed video and audio data; file management means for creating a management table using synchronization information as an index and managing packed video and audio data; And control means for recording the track on one or a plurality of continuous tracks as a recording unit.

  An access control method according to the present invention is an access control method for controlling access to a disk in which a plurality of tracks are formed substantially concentrically, and includes video data, audio data, and video / audio data included in video / audio data. Packed video / audio data generation process that separates synchronization information and generates packed video / audio data based on video data, audio data, and synchronization information, and a management table creation process that creates a management table using the synchronization information as an index And a control step of securing one or a plurality of continuous tracks using one track on the disc as a recording unit and recording packed video and audio data.

  In the data recording system to which the present invention is applied, by using one track as a recording unit, it is possible to increase the transfer rate by increasing the access speed of the hard disk.

  Furthermore, in the data recording system to which the present invention is applied, even if data recording units are not accumulated, data of one decoding unit is forcibly recorded at a certain time interval, so that the amount of data that can be restored can be increased. it can.

  A data recording / reproducing system to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the data recording / reproducing system 1 includes an application control block 2 as packed video and audio data generating means and a disk control block 3 as control means.

  The application control block 2 is provided in an electronic device that uses a hard disk (HD) as a recording means. Electronic devices include camcorders, hard disk recorders, personal computers, and the like. In the present embodiment, an electronic device including the application control block 2 is referred to as an application.

  The application control block 2 converts the video / audio data supplied from the application into packed video / audio data. The source of video / audio data varies depending on the type of application. In camcorders, video cameras and microphones are sources of video and audio data, and in hard disk recorders, recording media such as DVDs and CDs (compact discs), communication media such as satellite broadcasts, terrestrial waves, and cable televisions, and personal computers, Other information devices such as digital cameras are sources of video and audio data.

  The application control block 2 performs a process of packing the video / audio data supplied from the application. Packing is, for example, a process of collecting encoded video / audio data in units of decoding. In the packing, the playback time information of the continuously reproduced video / audio data is extracted as synchronization information, and the recording position of the packed video / audio data and the playback time information of the packed video / audio data are recorded in association with each other. A table associating the reproduction time information and the recording position is called a management table, and a packet generated by packing is called packed video / audio data.

  The configuration of the application control block 2 will be specifically described. The application control block 2 includes a video / audio input / output unit 21 that mediates data input / output with the application, a pack / unpack unit 22 that packs and unpacks video / audio data input from the application, and a disk control block 3. And an interface unit 23 that mediates between these.

  The pack / unpack unit 22 converts the video / audio data into packed video / audio data. Here, a specific example of converting video / audio data into packed video / audio data will be described. For example, when the input video / audio data is encoded in MPEG, the pack / unpack unit 22 includes a PCR (Program Clock Reference) as a reference clock in the case of an MPEG-2 transport stream. Based on the above, a PTS (Presentation Time Stamp) is included as a time at which video data and audio data should be reproduced. Further, it is possible to calculate at what timing video or audio data should be reproduced from the frame period, sampling frequency, etc., even for video-only data or audio-only data without time information. In any case, the time at which video data and audio data should be reproduced can be obtained.

  Further, there is a unit for decoding video data and audio data. The encoded data can be decoded only when all the data of the decoding unit is prepared, and the video frame and the audio sample included in the unit can be decoded. The decoding unit differs depending on the encoding format. For example, the decoding unit of MPEG video is 1 GOP (Group Of Picture), which is composed of 15 video frames. Even if only data relating to a specific frame (or field) is extracted from this GOP, a video frame (or field) cannot be reproduced only from that data. In this embodiment, in order to ensure reproducibility, the minimum unit of video / audio data stored in the packed video / audio data is set as one decoding unit.

  The interface unit 23 is provided in the same manner as the C language library and provides an API (Application Programming Interface) function similar to a standard function or a system call to the disk control block 3. The application control block 2 implements recording and reproduction of packed video and audio data by calling various API functions provided by the interface unit 23 according to the processing purpose.

  Data sent from the interface unit 23 to the disk control block 3 includes packed video / audio data to be recorded, a recording start command, a reproduction start command, a name of the recorded video / audio data, identification information of the reproduced video / audio data, and the like. . The application control block 2 and the disk control block 3 standardize the exchange of data and commands using API functions. Therefore, the disk control block 3 and the application control block 2 can be separated.

  The configuration of the disk control block 3 will be specifically described. The disk control block 3 includes a host interface unit 31 that mediates with the application control block 2, a command processing unit 32 that processes commands according to instructions from a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 33, and a buffer that controls reading and writing to the buffer 35. A control unit 34 and a disk interface unit 36 that mediates between the hard disk drive 4 are provided.

  The command processing unit 32 instructs a hardware operation to the data read / write control unit 41 and the servo control unit 42 (described later) according to the command processing result by the CPU 33.

  Prior to specific description of the command processing unit 32, the configuration of the hard disk drive 4 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the hard disk drive 4 includes a data read / write control unit 41 and a servo control unit 42. The data read / write control unit 41 performs a data read / write operation using the magnetic head 43 that scans the surface of the magnetic disk 45 as a recording medium, a write data modulation process, and a read data decode process.

  The servo control unit 42 synchronously drives a voice coil motor (VCM) 44 that moves an arm on which the magnetic head 43 is mounted and a spindle motor (SPM) 46 that rotates the magnetic disk 45 to thereby move the magnetic head. 43 is controlled to reach the target track on the magnetic disk 45. Further, control is performed to seek the head position to a predetermined position from the servo pattern on the magnetic disk 45.

  On the magnetic disk 45, a large number of tracks, which are sections for recording data, are formed concentrically, and track numbers 0, 1,... Are assigned from the outermost circumference to the inner circumference. Each track is further divided into sectors, and data is read and written for each sector.

  The amount of data in the sector is fixed at 512 bytes, for example. In addition to the data body, header information, error correction code, and the like are added to the actually recorded sector. As for the number of sectors per round, a zone bit recording system is employed in which the number of sectors in one track increases as the circumference increases for each of a plurality of zones divided in the radial direction. The disc shown in FIG. 3 is divided into m + 1 zones, zone 0 to zone m. Each zone is set to have the same number of sectors. The zone 0 on the outer circumference has a longer circumference than the zone m on the inner circumference, and includes many sectors. In zone bit recording, the recording capacity increases toward the outside. The lower part of FIG. 3 represents an arbitrary zone n in a band shape. A certain zone n is composed of a plurality of tracks, and each track includes a plurality of sectors. When zone n includes 500 sectors per track, 250 kilobytes can be recorded on one track.

  The command processing unit 32 secures an area for storing the packed video / audio data and controls the disk drive. For the area reservation, the minimum unit is one track. The command processing unit 32 secures one track or a plurality of continuous tracks in order to store the packed video / audio data. Since the packed video / audio data is continuously recorded in this area, fragmentation does not occur, and the data access time is shortened.

  The command processing unit 32 secures an area for storing the packed video / audio data on the hard disk, and controls the data read / write control unit 41 and the servo control unit 42 to write the data stored in the buffer 35 to the track. When writing to a track, the command processing unit 32 assigns a relative position address in order from the sector in which the magnetic head is on-track, and records data for one track.

  On the other hand, when reading data stored in the hard disk, the command processing unit 32 reads data for one track from the on-track sector. At this time, the command processing unit 32 rearranges the command processing unit 32 in the buffer in the order of the relative position address allocated to each sector.

  By using one track as a recording unit, the indefinite process of prefetching is omitted, and the seek activation timing is reliably determined. In addition, the rotation waiting time can be eliminated by using one track as a recording unit. As a result, the number of seeks is minimized and the access time is shortened. Note that the CPU 33 may directly drive the data read / write control unit 41 and the servo control unit 42 without using the command processing unit 32.

  As described above, the data recording / reproducing system to which the present invention is applied secures a continuous area for storing the packed video and audio data, so that fragmentation does not occur and the data access time is shortened. The data recording / reproducing system to which the present invention is applied can eliminate the rotation waiting time and shorten the access time by using one track as a recording unit.

  The command processing unit 23 records one or a plurality of packed video / audio data together in one recording operation. Here, data recorded on the hard disk in one recording operation is referred to as one access unit.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship among access units, packed video and audio data, and decoding units. The packed video / audio data is composed of video / audio data of one or more decoding units. Further, one access unit is composed of one or a plurality of packed video / audio data.

  How much packed video / audio data is recorded together depends on the CODEC and the data transfer speed. For example, assuming that the transfer rate of video / audio data is 1 to several hundred Mbps, the data per second is 131 kilos to several tens of megabytes. The unit constituting the video / audio data depends on the CODEC, but several pieces of data of several frames to several seconds are further collected and recorded in one track to a plurality of tracks.

  In the example of FIG. 5, one frame encoded in DV (digital video) format is stored in one packed video / audio data. The data size of one frame of DV format video / audio data with a bit rate of 25 Mbps is about 100 kilobytes. This one frame of data can be stored as packed video and audio data in units of tracks.

  By the way, in the data recording process, in order to secure a free area on the disk for recording data, the amount of data to be recorded in one recording process, a recording area in which the difference between the secured area and the reserved area is not used, That is, an unused area occurs. In the data recording / reproducing system to which the present invention is applied, since one track is used as a recording unit, the capacity of the unused area generated by one recording process is increased. When the number of recordings increases, the number of occurrences of unused areas increases accordingly, and the recording efficiency of the hard disk deteriorates.

  In order to improve the recording efficiency, it is only necessary to increase the recording unit at one time and decrease the number of recordings. In FIG. 6, 6 frames are used as one access unit. For example, in the case of a disk having 500 sectors per track, 250 kilobytes can be recorded on one track. Assuming that the data size of one frame is 100 kilobytes, 150 (= 250-100) kilobytes becomes an unused area when one frame is recorded on one track. In FIG. 5, 6 tracks are required to record 6 frames, but in FIG. 6, 6 frames (= 100 × 6 = 600 kilobytes) can be recorded with 3 tracks (= 250 × 3 = 750 kilobytes). In this process, the access unit may be increased by increasing the number of frames included in the packed video / audio data, or the access unit may be increased by collecting a plurality of packed video / audio data. Good.

  Next, a method for protecting data against a sudden accident that occurs during data recording will be described. When the application is a portable device such as a camcorder, there is a possibility that the operation of the application may stop due to the battery dropping or damage due to impact. At this time, if the data stored in the buffer 35 is recorded on the hard disk, data loss can be prevented.

  Here are two ways to reduce data loss. First, the first method will be described. In the first method, when one access unit is composed of a plurality of parks, data is forcibly recorded on the hard disk at the end of one pack (for example, one decryption unit). For example, in FIG. 7, one access unit is composed of data of three decoding units. The end D of the first decoding unit does not match the end T of the track. In the conventional system, the data is not written until the data for one track is accumulated in the buffer 35. Therefore, if a problem occurs in the system before the last track of the decoding unit is written, the entire decoding unit including this track is recorded. It becomes impossible to decrypt. In this system, the data of the track including the end of one decoding unit is forcibly recorded to enable decoding of the data.

  The recording start time for forcibly starting the recording process is determined on the basis of a timer or the count of packed video / audio data. In the recording process using a timer, the recording process is started when a predetermined time elapses after the packed video / audio data is input. In the recording process using the count, the recording process is forcibly started when the packed video / audio data input from the application control block 2 reaches a predetermined number.

  8A shows a normal recording operation, FIG. 8B shows a forced recording operation by the timer in the disk control block 3, and FIG. 8C shows a forced recording operation by the control of the application control block 2. FIG. One hollow rectangle connected by an arrow indicates data for one track. The data is output to the hard disk drive 4 via the interface unit of the application control block 2, the buffer control unit 34 of the disk control block 3, and the disk interface. The data output to the hard disk drive 4 is recorded on the hard disk under the control of the hard disk drive 4.

  In the normal recording operation, as shown in FIG. 8A, first, the application control block 2 starts transferring the packed video / audio data 41 to the host interface unit 31 of the disk control block 3 (time A1). The buffer control unit 34 stores the input packed video and audio data 41 in the buffer 35. When the command processing unit 32 finishes storing the packed video / audio data 41 in the recording unit in the buffer 35 (time A2), the command processing unit 32 outputs the packed video / audio data 41 stored in the buffer 35 to the disk interface unit 36 (time). A3). The disk interface unit 36 outputs the input packed video and audio data 41 to the hard disk drive 4 (time A4). The hard disk drive 4 records the packed video / audio data 41 on the magnetic disk 45 when the capacity of the input data reaches the capacity of one track. On the other hand, when the capacity for one track is not reached, the next packed video / audio data 42 is waited.

  In the conventional recording method, the recording process is not started until the data for one track is stored in the buffer 35. Therefore, if a problem occurs in the system before the data for one track is input, the data stored in the buffer 35 is stored. May disappear.

  Next, the forced recording operation by the timer in the disk control block 3 will be described with reference to FIG. The application control block 2 transfers the packed video / audio data 51 generated via the interface unit 23 (time B1). The buffer control unit 34 stores the input packed video and audio data 51 in the buffer 35. When the buffer control unit 34 finishes storing the packed video and audio data 51 for one track in the buffer 35 (time B2), the buffer control unit 34 outputs the packed video and audio data 51 stored in the buffer 35 to the disk interface unit 36 ( Time B3). The disk interface unit 36 outputs the input packed video / audio data 51 to the hard disk drive 4 (time B4). The hard disk drive 4 records the packed video / audio data 51 on the magnetic disk 45 when the capacity of the input data reaches the capacity of one track.

  If the capacity of the input data has not reached one track, the next packed video / audio data 52 is input (time B5). When the timer reaches a predetermined time (time B6), the command processing unit 32 issues a command for causing the hard disk drive 4 to start forced recording. Upon receiving this command, the hard disk drive 4 starts forced recording. As a result, the packed video / audio data 52-1 less than one track is recorded on the magnetic disk 45.

  As described above, by performing the forced recording, the data of the decoding unit is recorded on the magnetic disk 45, and even if the application is stopped due to a sudden accident, the data of one decoding unit can be restored.

  Next, the forced recording operation by the application control block 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The application control block 2 transfers the packed video / audio data 61 generated via the interface unit 23 (time C1). The buffer control unit 34 stores the input packed video and audio data 61 in the buffer 35. When the buffer control unit 34 finishes storing the packed video / audio data 61 for one track in the buffer (time C2), the buffer control unit 34 outputs the packed video / audio data 61 stored in the buffer 35 to the disk interface unit 36 (time). C3). The disk interface unit 36 outputs the input packed video and audio data to the hard disk drive 4 (time C4). The hard disk drive 4 records the packed video / audio data 61 on the magnetic disk 45 when the capacity of the input data reaches the capacity of one track. On the other hand, when the capacity for one track is not reached, the next packed video / audio data 62 is input (time C5).

  After creating the management table 70, the application control block 2 requests the disk interface unit 36 to start forced recording via the interface unit 23 (time C6). The command processing unit 32 outputs a command for starting forced recording to the disk interface unit 36 using the input of the management table 70 as a trigger. The disk interface 36 outputs the packed video / audio data 62 to the hard disk drive 4 (time C7), and then outputs the management table 70 to the hard disk drive 4 (time C8). The hard disk drive 4 records the packed video / audio data 62-1 and the management table 70 which are less than one track on the magnetic disk 45 in accordance with a command for starting forced recording.

  As described above, since the management table is recorded on the magnetic disk 45 under the control of the application control block 2, complete data including the management table and the packed video / audio data can be recorded.

  FIG. 9 shows how the management table 70 is recorded. When the hard disk drive 4 receives a command from the disk control block 3, it forcibly writes packed video and audio data for one track. Then, the hard disk drive 4 adds the management table 70 by moving the head to the recording track 71 of the management table 70. When the management table 70 is additionally written, the head is moved and recording of the packed video / audio data is resumed.

  At this time, if the track storing the management table and the track storing the packed video / audio data are too far apart, the seek time for moving the head to the management table storage track becomes long, and the hard disk There is a risk that the transfer rate of this will be reduced. When it is not desired to reduce the transfer rate, the interval between the management table storage tracks is kept within a range in which the transfer rate can be guaranteed. This interval can be obtained by the calculation formula (5) described later. In order to apply this calculation formula, it is essential that the data recording unit is one track and an ECC (Error Collecting Code) for error correction is included in one track.

  Another example of the recording position of the management table is as shown in FIG. In this management table recording method, the management table 70 is recorded on a track 72 that is continuous with the track on which the packed video and audio data is recorded. In this case, since it is not necessary to move the head, a high transfer rate can be guaranteed. The recording frequency of the management table is not particularly limited, but one management table may be recorded every time one recording unit is recorded, or one management table may be recorded for several recording units. Good. In the example shown in FIG. 10, one management table is recorded every time one recording unit is recorded.

  Next, a calculation formula for controlling the transfer rate will be described. By setting the minimum unit for securing the recording area to one track, the time Ttrack required for recording / reproducing on the hard disk can be expressed as shown in Equation (1).

Ttrack = command response time + seek time + rotation wait time + actual transfer time + error processing time
= Tcommand + Tseek + Twait + Ttransfer + Terror (1)
Of these, the command response time and the actual transfer time (time required for rotation of one track) can be expressed as a constant numerical value Tconst. Replacing equation (1) in this way can be rewritten as equation (2).

Ttrack = Tseek + Twait + Terror + Tconst (2)
If an ECC code for error correction is included in one track, the error processing time can be set to 0 by correcting the error with ECC. Assuming that the error processing time is 0, Equation (2) becomes Equation (3).

Ttrack = Tseek + Twait + Tconst (3)
Further, one track is accessed from the sector where the magnetic head 43 is on-tracked. By using one track as an access unit, the rotation waiting time can be reduced to zero. When the rotation waiting time is 0, Expression (3) is expressed by Expression (4) using seek time as a parameter.

Ttrack = Tseek + Tconst (4)
Assuming that the number of bits of data recorded in one track is Btrack, the bit rate Bitrate at the time of recording / playback of this one track can be expressed by Expression (5).

Bitrate = (Btrack-Becc) / Ttrack
= (Btrack-Becc) / (Tseek + Tconst) (5)
The transfer rate can be controlled by adjusting the variable Tseek in Equation (5), that is, the seek time.

  As described above, in the data recording / reproducing system 1 to which the present invention is applied, the minimum unit for securing the recording area is set to one track, thereby eliminating the hard disk rotation waiting time and increasing the transfer rate. it can.

  In the data recording / reproducing system 1 to which the present invention is applied, data having a capacity larger than one track is recorded across continuous tracks. Thereby, the seek time of the hard disk can be reduced and the transfer rate can be increased.

  Further, in the data recording / reproducing system 1 to which the present invention is applied, the packed video / audio data and the track boundary are not coincident, but data of one decoding unit is forcibly recorded at a certain time interval. Data of one decoding unit is recorded on the magnetic disk 45, thereby enabling data restoration.

  The data and the management table are continuously recorded. As a result, even if the power is not supplied to the buffer 35 due to a battery dropping or the like, the management table is recorded on the magnetic disk 45, so that the data recording position can be grasped and the reproduction of the data can be guaranteed. it can.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a data recording / reproducing system. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a hard disk drive. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the track and sector which are formed on a disc. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a decoding unit, packed audio-video data, and an access unit. It is a figure which shows typically the usage condition of a hard disk when recording data by making 1 frame into 1 access unit. It is a figure which shows the usage condition of a hard disk when recording data by making 6 frames into 1 access unit. It is a figure which shows the usage condition of a hard disk when the data for 1 track | truck are forcibly recorded. It is a figure which shows the flow of the packed video / audio data in normal recording, forced recording by a disk control block, and forced recording by an application control block. It is a figure which shows a mode that a management table is recorded on the track decided beforehand. It is a figure which shows a mode that a management table is recorded on the track | truck continuous with the packed audio | voice data. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a file and a cluster. It is a figure which shows a mode that the file divided | segmented into the several cluster and recorded is managed with a management table.

Explanation of symbols

1 data recording / reproducing system, 2 application control block, 3 disk control block, 4 hard disk drive, 21 video / audio input / output unit, 22 pack / unpack unit, 23 interface unit, 31 host interface unit, 32 command processing unit, 33 CPU, 34 buffer control unit, 35 buffer, 36 disk interface unit, 37 timer, 41 data read / write control unit, 42 servo control unit, 43 magnetic head, 45 magnetic disk

Claims (23)

A recording / reproducing apparatus using a disk having a plurality of tracks formed substantially concentrically as a recording medium,
Packed video / audio data generating means for separating video data, audio data and synchronization information of the video / audio data included in the video / audio data, and generating packed video / audio data based on the video data, the audio data, and the synchronization information; ,
A file management means for creating a management table using the synchronization information as an index and managing the packed video and audio data;
A recording / reproducing apparatus comprising: control means for securing one or a plurality of continuous tracks with one track on the disk as a recording unit and recording the packed video and audio data. 2. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of packed video and audio data are grouped into one access unit, and the packed video and audio data for one access unit is recorded on one or a plurality of continuous tracks. The recording / reproducing apparatus as described. It has time measuring means to measure time,
The recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control means forcibly starts recording of the packed video and audio data at a predetermined time interval. The packed video / audio data generating means creates a management table at a predetermined time interval, and forcibly starts recording of the packed video / audio data and the management table to the control means. Item 4. The recording / reproducing apparatus according to Item 1. 2. The control means forcibly starts recording of the packed video / audio data every time a predetermined number of packed video / audio data is inputted from the packed video / audio data generating means. The recording / reproducing apparatus as described. The control means discretely secures an area for storing the management table across a predetermined number of tracks, and each time the packed video / audio data is recorded, the control means is positioned close to the recording area of the packed video / audio data. The recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein synchronization information of the packed video / audio data is recorded in a certain management table. 2. The recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit records the management table of the packed video / audio data on a track continuous with the track on which the packed video / audio data is recorded.   2. The synchronization information is reproduction time information of the video / audio data, and the management table is a table in which reproduction time information of the video / audio data is associated with a recording position on the recording medium. Recording and playback device. The recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control means assigns a relative position address to each sector of the recording medium in order from a sector that has started access on a track during recording. 2. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein at the time of reproduction, the data read from each sector on the track of the recording medium is rearranged in accordance with a relative position address to reproduce the recorded packed video / audio data. Recording and playback device. The packed video / audio data generating means encodes the video / audio data, and stores the encoded video / audio data in one or a plurality of decoding units in packed video / audio data. Item 4. The recording / reproducing apparatus according to Item 1. An access control device for controlling access to a magnetic disk having a plurality of tracks formed substantially concentrically,
Input means for storing video data, audio data and video / audio data synchronization information in a predetermined format and inputting packed video / audio data;
A file management means for creating a management table using the synchronization information as an index and managing the packed video and audio data;
An access control device comprising: control means for recording the packed video / audio data on one or a plurality of continuous tracks using one track on the disk as a recording unit. 13. The control means comprises a plurality of packed video / audio data as one access unit, and records the packed video / audio data for one access unit on one or a plurality of continuous tracks. The access control device described. It has time measuring means to measure time,
The access control apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the control means forcibly starts recording the packed video and audio data at a predetermined time interval. The access control apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the control means forcibly starts recording the packed video and audio data and the management table. 13. The access control apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the control means forcibly starts recording the packed video and audio data and the management table when the management table is input via the input means. 13. The access according to claim 12, wherein the control means forcibly starts recording of the packed video and audio data every time a predetermined number of packed video and audio data are input via the input means. Control device. The control means discretely secures an area for storing the management table across a predetermined number of tracks, and each time the packed video / audio data is recorded, the control means is positioned close to the recording area of the packed video / audio data. The access control apparatus according to claim 12, wherein synchronization information of the packed video and audio data is recorded in a certain management table. 13. The access control apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the control means records a management table of the packed video / audio data on a track continuous with the track on which the packed video / audio data is recorded. 13. The synchronization information is reproduction time information of the video / audio data, and the management table is a table in which reproduction time information of the video / audio data is associated with a recording position on the recording medium. Access control device. 13. The access control device according to claim 12, wherein the control means assigns a relative position address in order from a sector that starts access on a track to each sector of the recording medium during recording. 13. The reproduction means according to claim 12, wherein the control means rearranges the data read from each sector on the track of the recording medium according to the relative position address during reproduction, and reproduces the recorded packed audio / video data. Access control device. An access control method for controlling access to a disk having a plurality of tracks formed substantially concentrically,
A packed video / audio data generating step for separating video data, audio data and synchronization information of the video / audio data included in the video / audio data, and generating packed video / audio data based on the video data, the audio data, and the synchronization information; ,
A management table creation step for creating a management table using the synchronization information as an index;
An access control method comprising: a control step of securing one or a plurality of continuous tracks using one track on the disk as a recording unit and recording the packed video and audio data.

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