JP2006077935A - Method of evaluating hydraulic importance of pipeline - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は管路の水理的重要度の評価方法に関し、評価指標を用いて水道管網の中から水理的に重要な水道管路を特定する評価を行う技術に係り、水理的重要度が高い管路を的確に抽出することで、水道管路更新計画に必要な「科学的根拠を有した計画」に役立てるものである。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the hydraulic importance of pipes, and relates to a technique for performing an evaluation to identify hydraulically important water pipes from a water pipe network using an evaluation index. By accurately extracting high-quality pipelines, it is useful for “scientific-based plans” necessary for water pipeline renewal planning.
従来、大規模な水道施設、特に都市部における水道管網は複雑化しており、管網の全体に安定して送水することが困難となっている。このため、水道事業を行う当局においては日常的な業務として各地域における水圧変動の原因の調査や、管網に配設した管路や弁装置が有効に機能しているかなどを調査するとともに、各管路の水理的重要度を判断し、水道管路を整備する計画立案時の資料としている。 Conventionally, a large-scale water supply facility, particularly a water pipe network in an urban area, has become complicated, and it is difficult to stably supply water to the entire pipe network. For this reason, in the water supply business authorities, as a daily work, investigate the cause of water pressure fluctuation in each region, investigate whether the pipes and valve devices arranged in the pipe network are functioning effectively, Judgment is made on the hydraulic importance of each pipeline, and is used as a document when planning to develop water pipelines.
水道管網等において各管路の水理的重要度を評価する方法としては、図2に示すように、水理解析をもとに指標として「流量比」、「平均圧力変化量」を求めるものや、「重要拠点ルート」を求めるものなどがある。 As a method of evaluating the hydraulic importance of each pipeline in a water pipe network, etc., as shown in FIG. 2, “flow rate ratio” and “average pressure change” are obtained as indicators based on hydraulic analysis. There are things that ask for "important base route".
図3に示すように、「流量比」は管網内の全給水量に対して各評価対象管路の流量が占める比率を表した指標であり、流量比が大きいほどに水理的重要度が高い管路であると評価する。 As shown in FIG. 3, the “flow rate ratio” is an index representing the ratio of the flow rate of each evaluation target pipe to the total water supply amount in the pipe network. Is evaluated as a high pipeline.
図4、図5に示すように、「平均圧力変化量」は評価対象管路に障害(断水)が発生した場合の管網全体の圧力変動を表す指標であり、求めた平均圧力変化量が大きいほどに水理的重要度が高い管路であると評価し、また当該評価対象管路に障害が発生した場合のバックアップ管路を把握する。この平均圧力変化量については後に詳述する。 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the “average pressure change amount” is an index representing the pressure fluctuation of the entire pipe network when a failure (water cutoff) occurs in the evaluation target pipe line. It is evaluated that the pipe is higher in hydraulic importance as it is larger, and the backup pipe in the case where a failure occurs in the evaluation target pipe is grasped. This average pressure change will be described in detail later.
図6、図7に示すように、「重要拠点ルート」は配水池から病院・災害時の非難場所等の重要拠点に至る配水ルートを流量、通過回数等の水理的な評価項目から探索を行う方法であり、重要施設への供給管路を把握する。 As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, "Important base route" searches the water distribution route from the distribution reservoir to the important base such as the hospital / disaster location from the hydraulic evaluation items such as flow rate and number of passages. This method is used to grasp the supply pipelines to important facilities.
次に、平均圧力変化量について詳述する。平均圧力変化量は、管網を構成する複数の管路の中から解析対象の管路を1本ずつ閉塞または抜き取った(以下においては「閉止」と呼称する)状態を想定し、各状態で水理解析を行って各管路の重要度を計算する場合の指標であり、以下の手順で求める。 Next, the average pressure change amount will be described in detail. The average pressure change amount assumes a state in which one analysis target pipe line is closed or extracted (hereinafter referred to as “closed”) from a plurality of pipe lines constituting the pipe network. This is an index for calculating the importance of each pipeline by conducting a hydraulic analysis.
図1に示すように、管網の構成要件をなす配水池(水源)、複数の管路k1〜k5、各管路の始点、終点を結ぶ節点s1〜s4で管網モデルを設定する。図1に示す管網モデルにおいて、どの管路も閉止しない状態、つまり「非閉止」で水理解析を行い、水源、節点s1〜s4における非閉止時有効水頭を求める。また、各管路k1〜k5を1本ずつ閉止して繰り返し水理解析を行い、各管路k1〜k5を閉止した状態毎に閉止時有効水頭を求める。この水理解析は公知の技術であり、詳細な説明を省略する。 As shown in FIG. 1, a pipe network model is set with distribution reservoirs (water sources) that constitute the constituent elements of the pipe network, a plurality of pipes k1 to k5, and nodes s1 to s4 that connect the start and end points of each pipe. In the pipe network model shown in FIG. 1, hydraulic analysis is performed in a state in which no pipeline is closed, that is, “non-closed”, and the non-closed effective water heads at the water sources and nodes s1 to s4 are obtained. Further, each of the pipelines k1 to k5 is closed one by one and the hydraulic analysis is repeatedly performed, and the effective head at the time of closing is obtained for each state in which the pipelines k1 to k5 are closed. This hydraulic analysis is a known technique and will not be described in detail.
次に、求めた非閉止時有効水頭、および閉止時有効水頭に基づいて次式により平均圧力変化量を求める。 Next, an average pressure change amount is obtained by the following formula based on the obtained non-closed effective water head and the closed effective water head.
この値を上述の式1に適用すると平均圧力変化量は次式のようになる。
When this value is applied to the above-described
この種の技術に係る先行技術文献としては下記のものがある。
しかし、上記した従来の方法では、平均圧力変化量が非閉止時と閉止時の有効水頭の変化を絶対量を用いた値で示されるだけとなる。この平均圧力変化量では、体積が大きい管路ほど水理的重要度が高いと評価され、各節点における水の取り出し量(使用量)については考慮されていない。 However, in the above-described conventional method, the average pressure change amount is only indicated by a value using an absolute amount of the change in the effective head at the time of non-closing and at the time of closing. In this average pressure change amount, it is evaluated that the higher the volume, the higher the hydraulic importance, and the amount of water taken out (used amount) at each node is not taken into consideration.
例えば、有効水頭が30mから25mに変化する管路と、有効水頭が15mから10mに変化する管路は、平均圧力変化量で評価すると同じ評価値5mとなる。しかし、圧力変化が各節点における水の取り出し量に与える実際的な影響は、有効水頭が15mから10mに変化する管路の方が大きく、平均圧力変化量が同じであるとして評価することには実際の運用面において問題がある。 For example, a pipeline in which the effective head changes from 30 m to 25 m and a pipeline in which the effective head changes from 15 m to 10 m have the same evaluation value of 5 m when evaluated by the average pressure change amount. However, the actual effect of the pressure change on the amount of water taken out at each node is larger when the effective water head is changed from 15 m to 10 m and the average pressure change is the same. There is a problem in actual operation.
本発明は上記した課題を解決するものであり、各節点における水の取り出し量で重要度に重み付けをすることで、より実際的に管路の重要度を評価することができる管路の水理的重要度の評価方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and the weight of the importance is weighted by the amount of water taken out at each node, so that the importance of the pipe can be more practically evaluated. The purpose is to provide a method for evaluating the degree of importance.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の管路の水理的重要度の評価方法は、管網の構成要件をなす水源、節点、節点間および節点と水源の間を結ぶ管路とからなる管網モデルにおいて、評価対象管路の閉止に起因する節点圧力変化率を求め、節点圧力変化率が大きいほどに評価対象管路の水理的重要度が大きいと評価するものであり、
節点圧力変化率は、各節点において想定する節点取り出し水量、および水理解析によって算出する、全ての管路が非閉止状態にある各節点の非閉止時節点有効水頭と、評価対象管路を閉止した閉止状態における各節点の閉止時節点有効水頭とに基づき求めるもので、
各節点ごとに、非閉止時節点有効水頭から閉止時節点有効水頭を減算して節点有効水頭変化量を求め、この節点有効水頭変化量を非閉止時節点有効水頭で除算して有効水頭変化率を求め、この有効水頭変化率に節点取り出し水量を乗算することで重要度の重み付けを行い、全ての節点における重み付け後の有効水頭変化率の総和値を求め、この総和値を全ての節点における節点取り出し水量の総和である全取り出し水量で除算した値を節点圧力変化率とするものである。
In order to solve the above problems, the hydraulic importance evaluation method for pipes according to the present invention comprises a water source, nodes, nodes, and pipes connecting the nodes and water sources that constitute the pipe network. In the pipe network model, the nodal pressure change rate resulting from the closure of the evaluation target pipe is obtained, and the higher the nodal pressure change rate, the greater the hydraulic importance of the evaluation target pipe.
The rate of change in node pressure is calculated by the amount of water taken out at each node and the hydraulic analysis, and the non-closed node effective head of each node where all pipes are in the non-closed state and the evaluation target pipe are closed. Calculated based on the effective water head at the time of closing of each node in the closed state,
For each node, subtract the closed node effective head from the non-closed node effective head to obtain the nodal effective head change, and divide this nodal effective head change by the non-closed node effective head to obtain the effective head change rate. The weight of importance is obtained by multiplying the effective head change rate by the amount of water taken out from the nodes, and the sum of the weighted effective head change rates at all nodes is obtained, and this sum is calculated for all nodes. The value obtained by dividing the total amount of water taken out, which is the sum of the amounts of water taken out, is the nodal pressure change rate.
以上のように本発明によれば、節点圧力変化率は、各節点における節点有効水頭の変化に加え、節点取り出し水量で重要度の重み付けをしたものとなるので、実際的な管路の水理的重要度を評価することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the node pressure change rate is obtained by weighting the importance by the amount of extracted water in addition to the change in the effective head of the node at each node. Can assess the importance.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1に示すように、管網の構成要件をなす水源、節点s1〜s4、節点間および節点と水源の間を結ぶ管路k1〜k5とからなる管網モデルを設定する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, a pipe network model is set which includes water sources that constitute the constituent elements of the pipe network, nodes s1 to s4, nodes between nodes, and pipes k1 to k5 that connect the nodes and the water source.
この管網モデルにおいて、どの管路k1〜k5も閉止しない状態、つまり非閉止状態で水理解析を行い、水源、節点s1〜s4における非閉止時節点有効水頭p1、p2、p3、p4を求める。また、各管路k1〜k5を1本ずつ閉止して繰り返し水理解析を行い、各管路k1〜k5を閉止した状態毎に閉止時節点有効水頭p1’、p2’、p3’、p4’を求める。この水理解析は公知の技術であり、詳細な説明を省略する。 In this pipe network model, hydraulic analysis is performed in a state where none of the pipelines k1 to k5 is closed, that is, in a non-closed state, and the non-closed node effective heads p1, p2, p3, and p4 at the water sources and nodes s1 to s4 are obtained. . In addition, each of the pipelines k1 to k5 is closed one by one and the hydraulic analysis is repeated, and the closed-node effective heads p1 ′, p2 ′, p3 ′, and p4 ′ for each state in which the pipelines k1 to k5 are closed. Ask for. This hydraulic analysis is a known technique and will not be described in detail.
次に、各節点s1〜s4において節点取り出し水量c1、c2、c3、c4を想定する。そして、節点取り出し水量、各節点の非閉止時節点有効水頭と、各節点の閉止時節点有効水頭とに基づいて、評価対象管路の閉止に起因する節点圧力変化率を以下の手順で求める。 Next, the node extraction water amounts c1, c2, c3, and c4 are assumed at the nodes s1 to s4. Then, based on the amount of extracted water, the non-closed nodal effective head of each node, and the nodal effective nose of each node, the nodal pressure change rate resulting from the closure of the evaluation target pipe is obtained by the following procedure.
各節点s1〜s4の非閉止時節点有効水頭p1、p2、p3、p4から閉止時節点有効水頭p1’、p2’、p3’、p4’を減算して節点有効水頭変化量p1−p1’、p2−p2’、p3−p3’、p4−p4’を求める。 The node effective heads p1 ', p2', p3 ', and p4' are subtracted from the non-closed node effective heads p1, p2, p3, and p4 of the nodes s1 to s4. p2-p2 ′, p3-p3 ′, and p4-p4 ′ are obtained.
この節点有効水頭変化量を非閉止時節点有効水頭で除算して有効水頭変化率(p1−p1’)/p1、(p2−p2’)/p2、(p3−p3’)/p3、(p4−p4’)p4を求める。 This nodal effective head change amount is divided by the non-closing nodal point effective head to obtain an effective head change rate (p1-p1 ′) / p1, (p2-p2 ′) / p2, (p3-p3 ′) / p3, (p4 -P4 ') Find p4.
この有効水頭変化率に節点取り出し水量c1、c2、c3、c4を乗算して節点取り出し水量による重み付けした後の有効水頭変化率c1×(p1−p1’)/p1、c2×(p2−p2’)/p2、c3×(p3−p3’)/p3、c4×(p4−p4’)p4を求める。 The effective head change rate c1 × (p1−p1 ′) / p1, c2 × (p2−p2 ′) obtained by multiplying the effective head change rate by the node extraction water amounts c1, c2, c3, and c4 and weighting by the node extraction water amount. ) / P2, c3 × (p3-p3 ′) / p3, c4 × (p4-p4 ′) p4.
全ての節点における重み付け後の有効水頭変化率の総和値c1×(p1−p1’)/p1+c2×(p2−p2’)/p2+c3×(p3−p3’)/p3+c4×(p4−p4’)p4を求め、この総和値を全ての節点における節点取り出し水量の総和である全取り出し水量c1+c2+c3+c4で除算した値を節点圧力変化率とするものである。 Total value of weighted effective head change rate at all nodes c1 × (p1−p1 ′) / p1 + c2 × (p2−p2 ′) / p2 + c3 × (p3−p3 ′) / p3 + c4 × (p4−p4 ′) p4 And the value obtained by dividing this total value by the total amount of extracted water c1 + c2 + c3 + c4, which is the sum of the amount of extracted water at all nodes, is used as the nodal pressure change rate.
上述した計算をまとめると次式のようになる。 The above calculation is summarized as follows.
この値を上述の式2に適用すると節点圧力変化率は次式のようになる。
When this value is applied to the above-described
s1〜s4 節点
k1〜k5 管路
s1-s4 nodes k1-k5 pipeline
Claims (1)
節点圧力変化率は、各節点において想定する節点取り出し水量、および水理解析によって算出する、全ての管路が非閉止状態にある各節点の非閉止時節点有効水頭と、評価対象管路を閉止した閉止状態における各節点の閉止時節点有効水頭とに基づき求めるもので、
各節点ごとに、非閉止時節点有効水頭から閉止時節点有効水頭を減算して節点有効水頭変化量を求め、この節点有効水頭変化量を非閉止時節点有効水頭で除算して有効水頭変化率を求め、この有効水頭変化率に節点取り出し水量を乗算することで重要度の重み付けを行い、全ての節点における重み付け後の有効水頭変化率の総和値を求め、この総和値を全ての節点における節点取り出し水量の総和である全取り出し水量で除算した値を節点圧力変化率とすることを特徴とする管路の水理的重要度の評価方法。 In a pipe network model consisting of water sources, nodes, between nodes, and pipes connecting the nodes and water sources, which constitute the components of the pipe network, the rate of change in node pressure due to the closure of the pipe to be evaluated is determined The higher the rate, the more important the hydraulic importance of the pipe to be evaluated.
The rate of change in node pressure is calculated by the amount of water taken out at each node and the hydraulic analysis, and the non-closed node effective head of each node where all pipes are in the non-closed state and the evaluation target pipe are closed. Calculated based on the effective water head at the time of closing of each node in the closed state,
For each node, subtract the closed node effective head from the non-closed node effective head to obtain the nodal effective head change, and divide this nodal effective head change by the non-closed node effective head to obtain the effective head change rate. The weight of importance is obtained by multiplying the effective head change rate by the amount of water taken out from the nodes, and the sum of the weighted effective head change rates at all nodes is obtained, and this sum is calculated for all nodes. A method for evaluating the hydraulic importance of a pipe, characterized in that a value obtained by dividing the total amount of water taken out by the total amount of water taken out is defined as a nodal pressure change rate.
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CN115456432A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-09 | 厦门市政水务集团有限公司 | Water supply pipeline importance evaluation method and computer readable storage medium |
JP7455054B2 (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2024-03-25 | 株式会社管総研 | Pipeline function evaluation method and conduit design method |
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