JP2006077560A - Drain mechanism of tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means for basically solving the problem of water leakage, in the light of a point being a present state where the effect reduces by a change in the water leakage situation and the deterioration in a countermeasure, though conventionally preventing water leakage damage by using a water leakage receiver and a waterproof sheet, since spring water of a lining back face of a tunnel falls on a roadway not only polluting a wall surface but also intruding inside from a crack of the tunnel. <P>SOLUTION: An existing or new tunnel is protected from breaking caused by a fire, by arranging a drain pipe or a drainage channel on the lining back face in parallel to a tunnel main road, guiding and draining the spring water from the natural ground outside the tunnel, and passing various lifelines inside by using an upper space of the drain pipe or the drainage channel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a drainage mechanism for preventing leakage of water in a tunnel.

As a water leakage treatment, there is a means for guiding water leakage to a drainage ditch by covering a rod-like object along the crack line of the concrete wall of the tunnel. This is a means to prevent water leakage from concrete cracks from falling onto the roadway.
Next, there was a means to prevent leakage of water from cracks generated in the lining concrete from falling onto the roadway by providing a water conduit along the inner wall surface of the lining concrete and guiding it to the drainage groove.
On the other hand, by providing a waterproof sheet between the natural ground and the lining concrete, there was a means for preventing the natural spring water from leaking into the tunnel.
Japanese Patent Publication No.8-14237 JP 6-35800 7-51336

Referring to FIG. This figure is a cross-sectional view showing an existing general tunnel structure.
The old tunnel has water leakage (1), but the water leakage (1) is a crack that occurred in the lining concrete (2) due to the accumulation of spring water (4) from the ground (3) on the back of the lining concrete (2). (5) It falls from the (crack) into the tunnel.
There are lighting equipment (6) and fire extinguishing equipment (7) on the wall of the tunnel, and communication lines may be installed. The lower part of the tunnel is divided into a sidewalk (8) and a roadway (9), but a small tunnel may not have a sidewalk (8).
The water leakage (1) from the tunnel wall surface may cause the wall surface to become dirty and eroded by drying and crystallization of mineral components contained in the water leakage (1) on the wall surface. Furthermore, the water leak (1) may damage the lighting equipment (6).
When a fire breaks out in an existing tunnel, it sometimes leads to melting of fire extinguishing pipes, or melting of electric wiring and communication circuits, which may make tunnel safety management impossible.
As described above, it has been a problem to solve the incidental facility security at the same time as measures against water leakage in the tunnel.
In the first place, water leakage in tunnels is a common obstacle, but as a conventional countermeasure against water leakage, leaching into the tunnel from cracks in the lining concrete is the main cause. In view of this, a means such as a bag that receives this water leakage and a method of preventing the water from falling onto the roadway by applying a waterproof sheet have been adopted.
In addition, there was a method of setting a waterproof sheet between the back of the lining and the natural ground so that the spring water did not fall into the tunnel.
However, this conventional water leakage countermeasure is not intended to positively drain the spring water from the natural ground, but to prevent water leakage into the tunnel.
In other words, it is only a method for coping with spring water from the natural ground, and there is either a lot of spring water stored on the back of the lining, or it is gradually drained naturally from the natural ground. Let's go.
If the spring water from the ground increases for some reason, there is no guarantee that conventional water leakage countermeasures can handle a large amount of water leakage.

As for the water leakage in the tunnel, spring water is seen in the natural ground behind the concrete lining, and when this spring water is not drained quickly, it falls as water leakage into the tunnel from the cracks in the concrete. The cause of cracks in the lining concrete is that when the strain exceeds the resistance of the lining concrete due to distortion due to the pressure change of the natural ground, or for some reason, a cavity is formed on the back of the lining, and it is covered by the fall of rocks in the natural ground. In some cases, cracks occur in the engineered concrete.
Leakage in the tunnel not only falls into a passing vehicle, but also causes a slip accident due to wet road surfaces.
Moreover, since it falls along the inner wall of the concrete, it promotes the generation of dirt on the wall surface and organisms (mosses) that feed on the dirt, which not only significantly contaminates the concrete wall surface, but also causes erosion damage to the concrete surface.
In order to prevent water leakage, there are a method of constructing a reinforcing sheet on the back surface of the lining and a method of injecting air mortar or cement air milk into the cavity on the back surface of the lining.
However, this method may also be effective due to differences in ground conditions, but it may not be effective enough.
The above water leakage countermeasures are considered to be fundamentally defective in spring water countermeasures.
This is because the conventional water leakage countermeasure is a countermeasure against leakage in the tunnel by leaving the spring water.
The most important point is to stop the spring that is the cause of water leakage, but if the spring cannot be stopped, measures should be taken not to store the spring on the back of the lining.
Therefore, the present invention is a water drainage mechanism in which there is spring water on the backside of the concrete lining.
Spring from the natural ground is a troublesome phenomenon for concrete lining, and if it cannot be avoided, quick drainage is required.
Therefore, a drainage mechanism suitable for existing or new tunnels is provided.
First, a drainage mechanism for an existing tunnel will be described.
Water pipes will be installed in parallel on the backside of the existing tunnel lining. This is generally done by boring from the tunnel entrance and pressing the water pipe. The distribution pipe is provided with a number of holes that guide the spring water into the distribution pipe, and the spring water falls into the distribution pipe from the hole. The spring water that falls into the drain pipe is drained outside the tunnel as a normal drain pipe.
Next, in the new tunnel construction, a drain pipe may be buried in parallel with the tunnel, but a drainage channel may be provided on the back side of the tunnel lining.
In the above two construction methods, if a sufficient area can be secured in the water distribution pipe and the drainage channel, it is possible to pass the digestion equipment piping, electrical wiring, and other equipment in the tunnel.
And it can utilize as a ventilation duct of the exhaust gas in a tunnel, or can let a ventilation duct pass through this inside.

As for the means for preventing the leakage of water leaking through the cracks in the lining concrete from falling onto the roadway, various existing means have been described above, but each means has been achieved by receiving the leakage from the cracks with the rods of each invention. It was.
That is, the ready-made means was a means corresponding to the water leaked mainly from the crack of the lining concrete.
However, the present invention is a means aimed at draining water without storing spring water from the natural ground on the back of the lining, regardless of the presence or absence of cracks in the lining concrete. This is because, if measures are not taken for the spring water from the natural ground itself, it is possible that water leakage will occur again as water leakage works age.
The present invention is means for quickly draining spring water from a natural ground.
This means that spring water does not accumulate, so it is possible to prevent hollowing of the natural ground and solve the problem of breakage of lining concrete due to falling rocks from the top of the cavity. .
By installing a drainage pipe or equivalent equipment for draining spring water on the backside of the lining, there is no storage of spring water on the backside of the lining, and there is no leakage to the roadway even if cracking occurs in the lining concrete.

When the drainage pipe or drainage channel of the present invention is additionally provided, the following important effects are obtained.
The main object of the present invention was to prevent the leakage of water into the tunnel by quickly draining spring water from the natural ground, but secondary use of drainage pipes or drainage channels is conceivable. .
If the drain pipe or drainage channel is sufficiently wide, various facilities can be passed through the interior. For example, there are piping for passing fire extinguishing water of fire extinguishing equipment, electrical wiring of lighting equipment, wiring of communication equipment in a tunnel, and the like.
If a fire breaks out in the tunnel, the equipment will be paralyzed if these pipes and wiring melt out due to the fire. This is because pipes and wirings are currently attached to the inner wall of the tunnel and may become unusable due to a fire.
However, this risk can be avoided by means of the present invention. This is because, in the present invention, the equipment such as piping and wiring passes through the drain pipe or drainage channel on the back of the lining, so that damage due to direct fire does not occur.
Further, if a lifeline such as a power transmission line is passed through the drain pipe or the drainage channel, a new lifeline burial work is not required.

  Furthermore, if the drainage pipe or drainage channel is used as a ventilation duct in the tunnel, it is possible to expect the effect of purifying the air in the tunnel at normal times and the smoke exhausting effect in the event of a fire.

The existing tunnel drainage mechanism verifies the spring area on the backside of the tunnel lining and embeds one or several drainage pipes at appropriate positions parallel to the tunnel. The size and number of drain pipes are determined in consideration of the amount of spring water. The distribution pipe has many holes that guide the spring water into the distribution pipe. The spring water falls from the hole into the distribution pipe, and the spring water flows inside the drain pipe and drains outside the tunnel.
This method is generally a method of boring from the entrance of a tunnel and press-fitting a water pipe.

In the new tunnel construction, a drain pipe may be buried in parallel with the tunnel, but a drainage channel may be provided on the back side of the tunnel lining.
This is done by excavating a groove on the back of the tunnel lining just enough to allow the drainage channel to run in parallel with the tunnel.

If a sufficient area is secured in the water distribution pipe and the drainage channel, it is possible to provide a function as a duct for digestion equipment in the tunnel, electrical wiring, communication equipment, and the like.
In normal tunnels, water pipes and electrical wiring for fire extinguishing equipment are attached to the walls of the tunnel, but if a fire accident occurs, there is a risk that the piping and wiring will melt and become unusable. However, it is possible to protect each facility from a fire accident by passing the inside of the drain pipe or drainage channel on the backside of the lining where piping and wiring are isolated from the tunnel.
In addition, since water leaks in the lower part of the drainage pipe and drainage channel, it is preferable that the electrical wiring, communication line, etc. be supported in a suspended state rather than being submerged.
Furthermore, it is possible to give the drain pipe and the drain channel a function as an exhaust duct of the air cleaning equipment in the tunnel.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The present embodiment is a cross-sectional view showing a drainage mechanism in which a drain pipe for quickly draining spring water is provided on the back of the tunnel lining in parallel with the existing tunnel.
The existing large tunnel has a sidewalk (8) as well as a roadway (9), but there are some tunnels that have only a roadway (9) and no sidewalk (8). It has a cross section.
In the existing tunnel, spring water (4) springs out from the ground (3) on the back side of the lining concrete (2), and when this spring water (4) is not drained quickly, the lining concrete ( If there is a crack (5) in 2), it falls as a water leak (1) in the tunnel.
In the present embodiment, the existing boring is carried out parallel to the tunnel, and the drain pipe (10) is press-embedded. The position and number of drain pipes (10) are determined in consideration of the amount of spring water, the location of the spring water and drainage efficiency.
In the upper part of the drain pipe (10), a large number of water guide holes (11) for guiding the spring water (4) into the drain pipe (10) are provided. The spring water (4) from the natural ground (3) passes through the water conduit (11) and enters the drain pipe (10), and flows through the drain pipe (10) to the outside of the tunnel. Drained.
Here, although the drainage pipe (10) is buried, a method of boring a hole having a size through which the drainage pipe (10) penetrates from the entrance and exit of the tunnel is generally used. A method of crushing and additionally burying from inside the tunnel may be used.
In the first embodiment, the wiring of the lighting equipment (6) and the piping of the fire extinguishing equipment (7) are generally attached to the wall surface of the lining concrete (2).

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In this example, the drain pipe (10) burial method is the same as in the first example, but the first example is that the wiring of the lighting equipment (6), the piping of the fire extinguishing equipment (7), etc. are in the tunnel. The second embodiment is characterized in that it is installed inside a newly buried drain pipe (10).
For this reason, when a fire occurs in the tunnel, wiring and piping may be melted due to high heat caused by the fire, and the power failure and the fire extinguishing function may be paralyzed. However, even if the wiring and piping are melted only at the fire site, most of the lighting equipment (6) and the fire extinguishing equipment (7) in the tunnel are paralyzed, so this wiring and piping method is not preferable.
However, in this second embodiment, the wiring (12) of the lighting equipment (6) and the piping (13) of the fire extinguishing equipment (7) are installed inside the drain pipe (10) on the back of the lining. There is no fusing by fire, and in the event of a fire, even if the lighting equipment (6) and the fire extinguishing equipment (7) at the fire site falls paralyzed, each facility outside the fire site will not be damaged. .

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
A present Example is sectional drawing which shows the drainage mechanism corresponding to new tunnel construction.
In the present embodiment, after excavating the natural ground (3), lining work is performed with concrete, and at the same time, a drainage channel (14) is provided on the back surface of the lining. In the upper part of this drainage channel (14), a number of water guide holes (11) for guiding spring water (4) from the natural ground (3) are provided. Spring water (4) that has fallen into the drainage channel (14) from the water conduit (11) flows through the lower part of the drainage channel (14) and is drained to the outside of the tunnel.
The position and number of drainage channels (14) on the back of the lining are determined in consideration of the amount of spring water, the location of the spring water and drainage efficiency.
In a present Example, the construction method with which the wiring of lighting equipment (6) and piping of fire extinguishing equipment (7) are attached to the wall surface of lining concrete (2) is common.
In FIG. 4 showing the present embodiment, the drainage channel (14) has a rectangular shape, but it may have a round shape, an elliptical shape, or the like, and is not particularly limited to a shape.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
This embodiment is the same as the third embodiment in the method of burying the drainage channel (14), but the third embodiment is such that the wiring of the lighting equipment (6), the piping of the fire extinguishing equipment (7), etc. are in the tunnel. In the fourth embodiment, the wiring (12) of the lighting equipment (6) and the piping (13) of the fire extinguishing equipment (7) are installed inside the newly formed drainage channel (14). ) Different points are installed.
This fourth example is similar to the second example. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, even if the wiring and piping are heated due to the fire, the power outage and the fire extinguishing function are paralyzed. It stays at a standstill and no other faults occur.

A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the spring water (4) flows through the bottom of the drain pipe (10) or the drain channel (14), but a pipe for only flowing the spring water (4) may be separately installed inside. .
Moreover, it can utilize also as a pipe | tube which passes life lines, such as communication lines, such as a telephone and an optical fiber, and a power transmission line, in the drain pipe (10) and a drainage channel (14).

A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the first to fifth embodiments, an exhaust mechanism (15) for exhausting contaminated air in the tunnel may be provided, and the drain pipe (10) or the drain channel (14) may be used as an exhaust duct. 10) Or the exhaust duct (16) may be passed through the drainage channel (14).

  The present invention relates to a countermeasure against water leakage in a tunnel, and means for solving the problem of leakage of water on a roadway as well as conventional spring water that leaks from a crack in a tunnel wall and soils the wall. Become.

In the existing tunnel, spring water from the natural ground is stored on the backside of the lining and enters the tunnel through cracks in the lining concrete.
However, if there is a means for quickly draining the spring water on the backside of the lining, this water leakage problem is solved.
Therefore, if a drain pipe is buried in the existing tunnel in parallel with the tunnel, and the spring water is led to the drain pipe and drained, the leakage will be eliminated.
On the other hand, in the new tunnel, a drain pipe may be used, but if the drainage channel is installed in parallel with the tunnel, the spring water is drained quickly.

Although it is a drainage pipe and a drainage channel, it is originally for draining spring water, but it is also possible to use the upper space of the drainage pipe and drainage channel to pass the wiring of lighting equipment and the piping of fire extinguishing equipment.
Further, since it can be used as a pipe through a lifeline such as a communication line such as a telephone or an optical fiber or a power transmission line, each embedding work is simplified.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the conventional implementation method. It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of this invention. (Example 1) It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of this invention. (Example 2) It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of this invention. Example 3 It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of this invention. Example 4 It is sectional drawing which shows the Example of this invention. (Example 6)

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Leakage 2 Clay concrete 3 Ground mountain 4 Spring water 5 Crack 6 Lighting equipment 7 Fire extinguishing equipment 8 Sidewalk 9 Roadway 10 Drain pipe 11 Water conveyance hole 12 Wiring 13 Piping 14 Drainage path 15 Exhaust mechanism 16 Exhaust duct

Claims (4)

In the method of burying drainage pipes in parallel with existing tunnels, the position and number of drainage pipes are determined in consideration of the spring conditions on the back of the tunnel lining, and the spring water from the natural ground is taken from the hole provided in the drainage pipe. Spring water is drained outside the tunnel by guiding it to the inside of the drainage pipe, and the springwater drainage mechanism that also serves as firefighting equipment piping, lighting equipment wiring, communication lines, power lines, or lifeline equipment inside the drainage pipe . Along with the new construction of the tunnel, a drainage channel was installed on the backside of the lining parallel to this tunnel, and the spring from the ground on the backside of the lining was guided into the drainage channel through the hole provided in the drainage channel. Spring water drainage mechanism that drains spring water outside, and also serves as fire fighting equipment piping, lighting equipment wiring, communication lines, power lines, or lifeline equipment inside the drainage channel. A drainage mechanism for spring water only for the drainage of spring water by disposing of fire extinguishing equipment piping, lighting equipment wiring, communication lines, power lines, etc. inside the drain pipe or drainage channel according to claim 1. 4. The spring water drainage mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the drainage pipe or the drainage channel is used as an exhaust duct in the tunnel, or an exhaust duct is provided inside.

Images