JP2006061791A - Washing device, washing method and washing particle for railroad vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a washing device, a washing method and washing particles for railroad vehicles having little influence on environment, and removing dirt attached to recessed parts of irregular faces at low cost. <P>SOLUTION: When water F is sprayed from a nozzle 7d of a spray device 7, washing particles C in the spray water F impinge on the uneven face 3a of an outer plate 3 of the vehicle 2. The washing particles C can intrude into the recessed parts of the uneven face 3a, and easily intrude into the recessed parts of the uneven face 3a even if a spray pressure of the water F is low, and impinge on the surface of the recessed parts, as the water F can impinge on the surfaces of the recessed parts. Dirt D like iron oxide attached to the recessed parts of the uneven face 3a is removed from the recessed parts by the action of a physical force like shearing force applied to the dirt D, caused by impingement of the washing particles C on the dirt D. This washing results to dispense with high pressure spraying of the washing particles C onto the outer plate 3, to prevent intrusion of water into the vehicles or equipment through gaps of the vehicle 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a cleaning apparatus and a cleaning method for spraying cleaning particles on an uneven surface to clean the uneven surface, and a railway vehicle cleaning particle for spraying the uneven surface of a railway vehicle to clean the uneven surface.

  Since railway vehicles are the closest to customers, they have a great influence on customer images of goods for transportation. For this reason, the inside and outside of the vehicle are frequently cleaned so as not to cause discomfort to the customer. In the cleaning of the outer panel of a vehicle, mechanical cleaning using chemicals such as surfactants and oxalic acid chemical agents and careful cleaning (special sweeping) by hand are performed. A conventional vehicle cleaning device includes a chemical solution applying device that applies a chemical solution such as a detergent to the surface of a vehicle, a cleaning water injection device that injects cleaning water onto the surface of the vehicle on which the chemical solution is applied, and a vehicle that has been applied with the chemical solution A cleaning brush for cleaning the surface, an air blower for injecting an airflow onto the surface of the vehicle after cleaning, and the like are provided (for example, see Patent Document 1). In such a conventional vehicle cleaning device, the chemical liquid is applied to the surface of the vehicle while the vehicle is traveling at a low speed, and then the cleaning brush is rotated while spraying the cleaning water onto the surface of the vehicle to thereby clean the surface of the vehicle. It is washed and sprayed with airflow to blow off water droplets adhering to the surface of the vehicle.

JP-A-7-002064

  In recent years, the use of stainless steel vehicles (SUS vehicles) instead of painted vehicles has increased. In such a stainless steel vehicle, an uneven surface is formed on the surface of the stainless steel plate (SUS steel plate) of the outer plate of the vehicle by a roll having a mechanically or chemically rough surface, and is matte finish (dull finish). . In the conventional vehicle cleaning apparatus, since the nylon brush fiber is larger than the concave portion having such an uneven surface, the cleaning brush does not reach the bottom surface of the concave portion, and there is a problem that the removal of the dirt in the concave portion is insufficient. It was. For this reason, the uneven surface of the vehicle outer plate is smoothed by applying clear coating or wax to the vehicle outer plate so that the dirt does not adhere to the recess. As a result, there is a problem that the cleaning cost becomes high because a coating operation and an application operation are required. In addition, in recent years, due to the diversification of vehicle body shapes, there have been portions where conventional cleaning devices do not hit the cleaning brush, and there has been a demand for the development of new vehicle cleaning devices corresponding to various types of vehicle body modifications. is there.

  On the other hand, water jet cleaning is applied to railway vehicles as a cleaning method that uses the physical force of water flow without using a cleaning brush. However, this water jet cleaning method has a problem in that water enters the interior of the vehicle or equipment from the gap of the vehicle because the water pressure is as high as 5 MPa to 20 MPa. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been an increasing need to reduce the environmental impact of chemical substances contained in cleaning agents.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning device, a cleaning method, and a railcar vehicle cleaning particle that have a small influence on the environment and can remove dirt adhered to a concave portion of a concave and convex surface at a low cost.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the solving means described below.
In addition, although the code | symbol corresponding to embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this embodiment.
The invention of claim 1 is a cleaning device for cleaning the uneven surface by spraying cleaning particles (C) onto the uneven surface (3a), and has a shape capable of entering and colliding with the concave portion of the uneven surface. A cleaning apparatus comprising an injection means (7) for injecting the cleaning particles.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the cleaning apparatus according to the first aspect, the spraying means sprays the liquid mixture of the cleaning particles and the liquid by using a compressed gas or pressurizing the cleaning particles by using the liquid. This is a cleaning device.

  A third aspect of the present invention is the cleaning apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the spraying means sprays at least one of baking soda, acrylic resin, and pearlite as the cleaning particles. Device.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the cleaning apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the spraying means sprays the cleaning particles having a hardness lower than that of the uneven surface. It is a cleaning device.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the cleaning apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, when the uneven surface is a surface of a railcar, the spraying means is a surface of the railcar. The cleaning particles are sprayed on the cleaning device.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is the cleaning apparatus according to the fifth aspect, wherein when the uneven surface is a stainless steel surface of a railway vehicle, the spray means has at least one kind of the baking soda or the acrylic resin on the stainless steel surface. The cleaning apparatus is characterized by injecting the above.

  The invention of claim 7 is a cleaning method for cleaning the concavo-convex surface by injecting cleaning particles (C) onto the concavo-convex surface (3a), and has a shape capable of entering and colliding with the concave portion of the uneven surface. A cleaning method characterized by including an injection step of injecting the cleaning particles.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the cleaning method according to the seventh aspect, the spraying step is a step of spraying a mixed liquid of the cleaning particles and the liquid with a compressed gas, or pressurizing and spraying the cleaning particles with the liquid. It is a cleaning method characterized by being a process.

  The invention of claim 9 is the cleaning method according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the spraying step is a step of spraying at least one or more of baking soda, acrylic resin or perlite as the cleaning particles. A cleaning method characterized by the above.

  The invention of claim 10 is the cleaning method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the spraying step is a step of spraying the cleaning particles having a hardness lower than that of the uneven surface. A cleaning method characterized by the above.

  An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the cleaning method according to any one of the seventh to tenth aspects, wherein the injection step is performed when the uneven surface is a surface of a railway vehicle. The cleaning method is characterized by a step of spraying the cleaning particles.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the cleaning method according to the eleventh aspect, when the uneven surface is a stainless steel surface of a railway vehicle, the spraying step includes at least one kind of the baking soda or the acrylic resin on the stainless steel surface. This is a cleaning method characterized by being a step of spraying the above.

  A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a railcar cleaning particle that is sprayed onto the uneven surface (3a) of the railway vehicle to clean the uneven surface, and can enter and collide with the concave portion of the uneven surface. A railcar cleaning particle characterized by having a shape.

  A fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the railcar cleaning particle according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein the railcar cleaning particle contains at least one kind of baking soda, acrylic resin or perlite.

  A fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the railcar cleaning particle according to the thirteenth or fourteenth aspect, wherein the railcar cleaning particle has a hardness lower than that of the uneven surface of the railcar.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the railcar cleaning particle according to the fifteenth aspect, when the uneven surface of the railcar is a stainless steel surface, at least one kind of baking soda or acrylic resin having a hardness lower than that of the stainless steel surface. It is the washing | cleaning particle | grains for rail vehicles characterized by containing the above.

  According to this invention, it is possible to remove the dirt attached to the concave portion of the concave and convex surface at a low cost with little influence on the environment.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the spray device of the cleaning device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view for explaining the principle of the cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Below, the case where the uneven surface of the outer plate | board of a railway vehicle is wash | cleaned is mentioned as an example, and is demonstrated.
A track 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a path (track) in which a vehicle 2 travels, and includes a rail 1a that supports and guides the vehicle 2, a support 1b that fixes the rail 1a, and the like. The vehicle 2 is a railway vehicle such as a train or a train, and includes a vehicle body 2a that is a structure for loading and transporting passengers, wheels 2b that are in rolling contact with the rail 1a, and the like. The outer plate 3 shown in FIG. 3 is an object to be cleaned such as a side plate constituting a part of the main structure (structure) of the vehicle body 2a, and the surface of a metal plate such as a SUS steel plate is roughened by surface treatment such as dull finish. 3a is formed. As shown in FIG. 1, the outer plate 3 includes a line segment identification band 3 b for identifying a line section on which the vehicle 2 travels. The line segment identification band 3b is formed of a resin tape or the like colored for each line section, and is attached to the outer plate 3.

  The cleaning particles C shown in FIG. 3 are railway vehicle cleaning particles that are sprayed onto the uneven surface 3a of the vehicle 2 to remove the dirt D attached to the uneven surface 3a. The cleaning particle C is a particle having a shape capable of entering and colliding with the concave portion of the uneven surface 3 a, and removes the dirt D attached to the uneven surface 3 a of the outer plate 3. As such washing | cleaning particle | grains C, what is marketed as a blasting material (abrasion particle | grains) and a soil modifier which does not violate the water pollution prevention method and has little influence with respect to an environment can be utilized. Further, the cleaning particles C are particles that are as soft as possible so as not to damage the uneven surface 3a and the line segment identification band 3b and have a lower hardness than the uneven surface 3a and the line segment identification band 3b, and are a material that can flow along with drainage. It is preferable that the material has a particle size as small as possible so that physical force acts on the dirt D adhering to the fine uneven surface 3a. Examples of such cleaning particles C include at least one kind of water-soluble baking soda that does not violate the Water Pollution Control Law even when discharged, or an acrylic resin that can easily produce homogeneous particles and can be reused. preferable. If the outer diameter of the cleaning particle C is less than 5 μm, the price increases and there is a disadvantage that the cleaning cost increases, and if it exceeds 100 μm, it is difficult to enter the concave portion of the concave and convex surface 3a and the cleaning effect is reduced. It is preferably about 5 μm to 100 μm. The shape of the cleaning particle C is preferably a polygonal particle having a protrusion at the tip which can be inserted into the recess of the uneven surface 3a.

  The dirt D shown in FIG. 3 is a foreign matter adhering to the concave portion of the concave and convex surface 3a. For example, iron wear caused by friction between the wheel 2b and the control wheel, friction between the rail 1a and the wheel 2b, or the like. Iron oxide from powder. The jet water F is a mixed fluid composed of the cleaning particles C, water and compressed air, a mixed fluid composed of the cleaning particles C and water, and the like, and is sprayed onto the outer plate 3 of the vehicle 2 by the cleaning device 4.

  The cleaning device 4 shown in FIG. 1 is a device that cleans the vehicle 2, and cleans the uneven surface 3a by injecting cleaning particles C onto the uneven surface 3a. The cleaning device 4 includes a cleaning particle supply device 5, a compressed fluid supply device 6, an injection device 7, a recovery device 8, and the like. As shown in FIG. 3, the cleaning device 4 injects cleaning particles C from the injection device 7 toward the vehicle body 2a so as to collide with the dirt D remaining on the uneven surface 3a. Dirt D is removed from the surface 3a. The cleaning particle supply device 5 is a device that supplies the cleaning particles C to the ejection device 7 and supplies a mixed liquid of a liquid such as water and the cleaning particles C. The compressed fluid supply device 6 is a device that supplies an injection fluid such as compressed air to the injection device 7 and includes a compressor that supplies compressed air.

  The injection device 7 is a device that injects the cleaning particles C onto the surface of the vehicle 2. The injection device 7 is a pneumatic injection device that injects a mixture of cleaning particles C and water with compressed air. As shown in FIG. 2, the injection device 7 includes a suction port 7 a that sucks the mixed liquid composed of the cleaning particles C and water from the cleaning particle supply device 5, and an injection port 7 b that jets compressed air from the compressed fluid supply device 6. , A main body (projection gun body) 7c that is agitated while sucking the liquid mixture from the suction port 7a by compressed air from the injection port 7b, and jet water F composed of cleaning particles C, water, and air are ejected from the main body 7c. A circular or slit-shaped nozzle portion 7d is provided. The injection device 7 injects the injection water F with a discharge pressure as low as about 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa, for example. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the injection device 7 is disposed so that the nozzle portions 7 d face both side surfaces of the vehicle 2, and the cleaning particles C are higher in hardness than the line segment identification band 3 b. Ejects the cleaning particles C from the nozzle portion 7d avoiding the region where the line segment identification band 3b is affixed.

  The recovery device 8 is a device that recovers the jet water F after cleaning, and is disposed below the track 1. The collection device 8 includes a receiving portion 8a that receives the jet water F and the like. When the cleaning particles C are water-soluble particles such as baking soda, the recovery device 8 discharges the recovered jet water F as dirty water, and the cleaning particles C are non-water-soluble particles and can be reused. In this case, the recovered jet water F is sent to the cleaning particle supply device 5 and reused.

Next, a cleaning method by the cleaning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the vehicle 2 is allowed to pass through the cleaning device 4 while traveling, the spray water F is sprayed from the cleaning device 4 toward the outer plate 3 of the vehicle 2. As shown in FIG. 3, when the spray water F is sprayed from the nozzle portion 7 d of the spray device 7, the cleaning particles C in the spray water F collide with the uneven surface 3 a of the outer plate 3. At this time, since the cleaning particles C can enter the recesses of the uneven surface 3a and can collide with the surface of the recesses, the cleaning particles C can easily enter the recesses of the uneven surface 3a even when the spray pressure of the spray water F is low. It enters and collides with the surface of the recess. When dirt D such as iron oxide adheres to the recesses of the uneven surface 3a, the cleaning particles C collide with the dirt D, and physical forces such as shearing force act on the dirt D, so that the dirt D is removed from the recesses. Removed. The washing device 8 collects the jetted water F after washing and is discharged as waste.

The cleaning device according to the first embodiment of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) In this 1st Embodiment, the injection apparatus 7 injects the cleaning particle C which has the shape which can enter into the recessed part of the uneven surface 3a, and can collide. For this reason, the cleaning particles C can collide with the dirt D adhering to the concave portion of the concave / convex surface 3a, and the dirt D can be easily removed from the concave portion by the physical force acting at the time of the collision. As a result, a process of applying clear coating or wax to the uneven surface 3a becomes unnecessary, and thus the cleaning cost can be reduced. Further, since the cleaning particle C enters the concave portion of the uneven surface 3a and the cleaning particle C collides with the dirt D attached to the concave portion of the uneven surface 3a, the cleaning particle C is applied to the outer plate 3 at a high pressure. It is not necessary to inject, and it is possible to prevent water from entering the interior of the vehicle or equipment from the gap of the vehicle 2.

(2) In the first embodiment, the liquid mixture of the cleaning particles C and water is jetted with compressed air. For this reason, it is difficult to remove a mixed liquid of fine grinding particles and water by using a pneumatic injection device having a simple structure and an inexpensive pneumatic injection device. Can be easily removed from the uneven surface 3a.

(3) In the first embodiment, the injection device 7 injects at least one kind of baking soda or acrylic resin as the cleaning particles C. For this reason, the cleaning agent like the conventional vehicle washing | cleaning apparatus becomes unnecessary, and the load with respect to an environment can be reduced. In addition, since it is possible to use commercially available abrasive particles and abrasive particles that are easily available and inexpensive, cleaning costs can be reduced.

(4) In the first embodiment, the ejection device 7 ejects cleaning particles C having a hardness lower than that of the uneven surface 3a. For this reason, when the cleaning particles C collide with the uneven surface 3a, the uneven surface 3a can be prevented from being damaged.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an ejection device for a cleaning device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the following, the same parts as those shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.
4, only the cleaning particles C are supplied from the cleaning particle supply device 5 shown in FIG. 1, and high-pressure water is supplied by a hydraulic pump of the compressed fluid supply device 6 or the like. The injection device 7 is a hydraulic injection device that accelerates and injects the cleaning particles C with water. As shown in FIG. 4, the spray device 7 accelerates the cleaning particles C sucked from the suction port 7a by the high-pressure water flowing in from the spray port 7b by the main body 7c and ejects them from the nozzle portion 7d. This second embodiment has the same effect as the first embodiment.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
(Evaluation test of cleaning effect)
The cleaning particles according to the embodiment of the present invention were sprayed onto the test plate by a low-pressure spray device to evaluate the cleaning effect and cleaning conditions. First, compared with the conventional high-pressure jet cleaning method, we examined whether or not the SUS steel plate recess can be cleaned using a low-pressure jet cleaning method with a low discharge pressure range of about 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa. . Applying a method that uses water and abrasive particles in combination, spraying water on an artificial rust stain test plate (hereinafter referred to as a test plate) that simulates iron oxide stains on a SUS vehicle outer plate, The cleaning effect was evaluated by the presence or absence of residual rust. In addition, as for the effect of this cleaning method on rubber and coating film, spray water is applied to the resin tape for line segment identification affixed to the SUS steel plate, and the degree of damage on the tape surface is visually and enlarged, and before and after cleaning. Was evaluated for changes.

(Test plate)
As the test plate, a dull-finished SUS steel plate (SUS301L DLT DF) for a vehicle was used. On the surface of the test plate, there are irregularities with an average roughness of 10 points of about 11 μm, and there are 5 to 8 concave portions with a width of about 100 μm per 1 mm ² . The artificial rust used was colloidal particles of iron hydroxide synthesized by adding 100 ml of 2 mol aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to 50 ml of 2 mol iron (II) sulfate aqueous solution. The test plate was coated with approximately 1 g / m ² of the synthesized colloidal particles on a SUS steel plate with a brush, dried in a room for 72 hours to promote oxidation, and then exposed to running water for 30 minutes to remove soluble substances and dried again. And then used for the test.

(Washing particles)

  Table 1 shows the properties of the cleaning particles according to the examples of the present invention. Here, the Mohs hardness shown in Table 1 is obtained by testing whether or not 10 kinds of general minerals can be scratched each other and evaluating them in 10 stages. The higher the numerical value, the higher the hardness. For example, the only mineral with the highest hardness “10” is diamond, human nails are equivalent to about 2.5, and SUS steel is about 5.0. Here, baking soda # 20 was selected for the purpose of comparing the effect of the particle size on the cleaning effect.

(Low pressure injection device)
Two types of low-pressure injection devices were used: a pneumatic injection device that is an injection method that blows off with compressed air, and a hydraulic injection device that is an injection method that directly pressurizes injection water. The pneumatic injection device uses the blast gun attached to the blast machine manufactured by Anest Iwata Co., Ltd. (CHB-500 type), sucks the mixture of cleaning particles and water while stirring, and injects it with air It was. The blast gun has an air jet hole diameter of 1.5 mm, a gun nozzle diameter of 3.7 mm, and a mixed solution suction hole diameter of 4.0 mm.

  The hydraulic spraying apparatus is efficient in that the liquid mixture of water and cleaning particles is directly pressurized and sprayed. However, it was difficult to maintain the dispersed state of the cleaning particles from mixing to spraying, and it was not possible to design the apparatus. Therefore, the cleaning particles are sucked by a blast gun similar to the pneumatic cleaning device, mixed by a nozzle, and sprayed. As the spray nozzle, a clean gun head (JCH-12) manufactured by Sugino Machine Co., Ltd. having a nozzle diameter of 4.0 mm was used, and cleaning particles were supplied from a hopper attached to the spray nozzle.

(Test conditions for cleaning effect evaluation)
The test conditions when using the pneumatic injection system were as follows: The distance between the gun nozzle and the test plate (hereinafter referred to as the stand-off distance) was 50 mm, and a mixed solution of sodium bicarbonate # 100 mixed with 10 mass% in water was 0.4 MPa. For 10 seconds. The cleaning marks at that time were magnified and observed at a magnification of about 100 times, and the presence or absence of a range in which the artificial rust was completely removed (hereinafter referred to as a complete cleaning area) was examined. Here, the compressed air pressure of 0.4 MPa is a low pressure with an average collision pressure of about 12 kPa at a standoff distance of 50 mm when the suction rate of the mixed liquid reaches the upper limit of 8.6 ml / sec from the nozzle structure used in the test. Selected from conditions. On the other hand, the test conditions when using the hydraulic injection device were carried out when the discharge pressure was 0.8 MPa, the standoff distance was 50 mm, the injection fluid was only water, and sodium bicarbonate # 100 was mixed.

(Evaluation result of cleaning effect)
In the test using the pneumatic injection device, it was confirmed visually that all the rust in the injection range was removed 3 seconds after the injection, and the glossy surface of the SUS steel plate was exposed. Moreover, when the ejection surface was observed by magnifying observation 10 seconds after the ejection, it was confirmed that all the rust in the concave portion was removed. In the test using the pneumatic spraying device, when acrylic resin # 80 is used as cleaning particles, the time required to completely remove about 1 cm ² of rust stains is 4 to 5 seconds. 4.3g was required. When pearlite with a particle size of 5 μm was used, the required time was 1.4 seconds and 0.28 g of pearlite was required.

  In a test using a hydraulic injection device, when sodium bicarbonate # 100 is mixed, rust in a narrow area at the center of the jet can be removed with an injection time of 5 seconds, and about 80% of the injection range within an injection time of 20 seconds. It was possible to remove the rust in the recess. On the other hand, under the condition where the jet fluid was only water, rust could not be removed not only in the recesses on the surface of the SUS steel plate but also in the entire jet range even with a jet time of 20 seconds.

  In order to confirm the adhesion strength of the artificial rust stain, the test plate was rubbed with a nylon brush having a diameter of 0.25 mm under running water for several tens of times, washed until the entire stain was not changed, and observed with a microscope. On the surface of the test plate, rust remains partially in minute recesses of about 10 μm, and artificial rust remains in all recesses in the recesses of about 100 μm width, and the artificial rust stains are removed by brush cleaning. I confirmed that I couldn't. Furthermore, when the water jet washer with a discharge pressure of 20MPa was washed until there was no change in the color difference from the new surface of the SUS steel plate, rust remained in the minute recesses and could not be removed sufficiently even with high-pressure water. It was confirmed. From the above results, it was confirmed that rust stains adhering to the recesses of the SUS steel plate can be removed by the low-pressure jet cleaning method in which cleaning particles are mixed.

(Cleaning condition examination)
Next, since the dirt removal effect by the low-pressure jet cleaning method was confirmed, the relationship between the cleaning conditions and the cleaning effect was examined. In the examination of cleaning conditions, the degree of removal of rust stains with respect to the injection conditions and the mixing conditions of cleaning particles was organized by observing the size of the cleaning area and the color change with a color difference meter in addition to observing the cleaning marks. In the low-pressure jet cleaning system, it is considered that the cleaning power depends on the collision between the cleaning particles mixed in the jet fluid acting as a physical force and rust dirt. For this reason, the following tests were conducted to clarify the factors related to the collision between rust stains and cleaning particles. The hydraulic cleaning method has a lower cleaning effect and uses more water than the pneumatic cleaning method. Further, the low pressure injection device used for the evaluation test of the cleaning effect cannot increase the mixing rate because the mixing amount of the cleaning particles depends on the injection pressure. For this reason, the examination of the cleaning conditions was performed by a pneumatic injection system in which the cleaning particles can be easily set.

(Standoff distance and cleaning range)
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the examination test results of the standoff distance and the cleaning range.
In the test, a mixed liquid in which 12.5 mass% of acrylic resin # 80 was mixed at different standoff distances was sprayed onto the test plate for 10 seconds each at a compressed air pressure of 0.4 MPa. In this test, in order to perform a quantitative evaluation, an insoluble acrylic resin was used for the cleaning particles, and the diameters of the complete cleaning area and the incomplete cleaning area were measured to determine the relationship with the standoff distance. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, when the stand-off distance exceeded 50 mm, the complete cleaning region became unclear, and it was confirmed that the stand-off distance within 50 mm was an effective cleaning range under this test condition.

(Concentration of cleaning particles, spraying time and cleaning range)
Since the amount of cleaning particles that collide with rust stains is also related to the particle concentration of the mixed solution and the injection time, the cleaning range when the particle concentration and the injection time were changed was measured. The mixed solution was prepared by decreasing acrylic resin # 80 from 12.5 mass% by 1/2 to 0.78 mass% in 5 stages. The test conditions were a compressed air pressure of 0.4 MPa, a stand-off distance of 50 mm, an injection time of 5 seconds, 3 seconds, and 1 second. Each condition was tested with a single test plate. The comparison of the cleaning range was performed by image processing. All cleaning marks were captured at once by the scanner so that the image conditions were constant.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the examination test result of the change in the cleaning range due to the difference in the cleaning particle concentration and the jetting time.
As shown in FIG. 6, when the cleaning particle concentration of the mixed liquid is thin and the spraying time is short, the complete cleaning region disappears. For this reason, the comparison of cleaning ranges was performed using characteristic values obtained by image processing. First, luminance information (256 levels) of the complete cleaning area that can be confirmed was measured, and the average value was used as a representative value of the complete cleaning area as a reference luminance. Next, a concentric circle that is one size larger than the cleaning mark of 12.5 mass%, which is the largest cleaning mark, and the condition of spraying for 5 seconds is determined. The clean surface ratio was used as the characteristic value of the range. The clean surface ratio includes information on the clean area where rust in the incompletely cleaned area is removed, and is considered to be proportional to the occupancy ratio of the rust removed surface in the injection range.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in the clean surface ratio with respect to the cleaning particle concentration and the jetting time, FIG. 7A is a graph showing the relationship between the clean surface ratio and the cleaning particle concentration, and FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a required cleaning particle amount and a clean surface ratio.
The vertical axis | shaft shown to FIG. 7 (A) is a clean surface ratio (%), and a horizontal axis | shaft is cleaning particle concentration (mass%). The vertical axis shown in FIG. 7B is the required cleaning particle amount (g), and the horizontal axis is the clean surface ratio (%). As shown in FIG. 7 (A), when the cleaning particle concentration is 6.25 mass% or less, the clean part is rapidly decreased at any injection time, and the clean part is at 1 second as compared to 5 seconds at the injection. It has decreased to about 1/2. As a result, as the cleaning particle concentration decreases and the jetting time decreases, the cleaning particles that collide with the artificial rust decrease, and it is considered that the clean portion is reduced.

As shown in FIG. 7B, the total amount of particles ejected from the cleaning particle concentration and the ejection time for all the data of the cleaning condition test was determined and plotted against the clean surface ratio. As a result, since the relationship between the clean surface ratio and the amount of cleaning particles is on a curve as shown in FIG. 7B, it was found that the cleaning effect depends on the number of cleaning particles colliding with rust. If the amount of cleaning particles at the point where the curve rises rapidly is the amount of cleaning particles required to reach the upper limit of the complete cleaning area within the spraying range, 4.7 g of cleaning particles are required per cm ^{2 under} this condition. I understood.

(Washing particle size and cleaning effect)
Since the size of the cleaning particles is considered to influence the number of collision points, the cleaning particles having different sizes were tested, and the cleaning effect due to the difference in particle size was examined. Using baking soda # 20 (particle size: approx. 1000 μm) and baking soda # 100 (particle size: approx. 130 μm) adjusted to 50 mass%, the injection pressure is changed to 0.4 MPa, the standoff distance is 50 mm, and sprayed onto the test plate for cleaning. The change in the color of the marks was measured. The color is measured using a sensor of a color measuring device (Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., simplified spectrophotometer NF333) compliant with JIS Z 8722 (color measurement method type 2 spectroscopic measurement condition b). _{Using a 65} with a 10 degree field of view. The measurement results were arranged in an L * a * b * display system, and the color difference (ΔE * ab) indicating how far away in the color space was obtained to evaluate the cleaning effect.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the cleaning particle diameter and the cleaning effect.
As shown in FIG. 8, in the case of baking soda # 20 (particle size of about 1000 μm) compared to baking soda # 100 (particle size of about 130 μm), even if the concentration is as high as 50 mass%, complete cleaning can be achieved with an injection time of 5 seconds. Rust remains partially and the color difference is large. For this reason, rust is removed at the part where the cleaning particles are in contact, but at a low collision pressure, the cleaning particles are not destroyed by collision, and it is considered that the number of contact points decreases as the particle size increases for the same concentration of particles. . As estimated from the surface roughness of the test plate, it is considered that cleaning particles having a particle diameter of 10 μm or less effectively act on rust stains adhering to the recesses. Using pearlite having a particle diameter of 5 μm as the cleaning particles, the spraying conditions were tested under the same conditions as the cleaning effect evaluation test. As a result, when the cleaning particle concentration is 10 mass% and jetting is 5 seconds, the complete cleaning zone is 25% wider than the cleaning mark that was the reference in the acrylic resin test, and the cleaning particle concentration is 2.5 mass% and 23% even after 1 second jetting. It remained in decline. Pearlite has a higher hardness than SUS steel because it contains silica and alumina as the main component, and it not only removes rust stains by washing, but also smoothes out the fine irregularities of the steel plate at the center of the jet with strong impact pressure. The SUS steel plate was slightly glossy.

(Influence on resin)
About the influence on resin materials, such as rubber | gum and a coating film, washing | cleaning particle | grains were sprayed on the resin tape for line | wire identification identified on the SUS steel plate, and the degree of damage on the tape surface was observed visually and enlarged. For any of the four types of cleaning particles, the surface of the resin tape for line segment identification was damaged on the order of microns under cleaning conditions that could remove rust stains. As a result, the portion where the cleaning particles collided was whitened at the center of the jet axis, and a decrease in gloss was visually observed at the periphery. Since the four types of cleaning particles are all harder than the resin tape, it is preferable to consider softer cleaning particles in order to avoid damage to the resin and the like. Of the four types of cleaning particles, pearlite had the highest hardness, but the particle size was as small as 5 μm, so the impact energy was small, the range of whitening was narrower and the gloss was lower than other cleaning particles. There were few. As a result, it was found that it is better not only for the cleaning effect but also for the coating film and the resin tape to have a smaller particle size. In addition, it was predicted that a low-elasticity material such as rubber may absorb the collision energy of cleaning particles.

  From the above test results, it was found that the cleaning effect depends on the number of collisions of the cleaning particles with the rusted surface. It was also found that fine cleaning particles having a cleaning particle diameter of 10 μm or less are suitable for increasing the cleaning effect. Furthermore, it was confirmed that softer cleaning particles need to be selected for the effect on the resin tape and the coating film.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications or changes can be made as described below, and these are also within the scope of the present invention.
(1) In this embodiment, the railway vehicle is described as an example of the object to be cleaned, but the present invention is also applied to other transportation means such as an automobile, an aircraft, a ship, a wall surface, and a fixed structure such as a building. Can be applied. In this embodiment, the case where the outer plate 3 is a SUS steel plate has been described as an example. However, the present invention can also be applied to the case where the outer plate 3 is another metal such as an aluminum steel plate. For example, when cleaning the outer plate of a railway vehicle other than stainless steel, pearlite or the like having a hardness equal to or higher than that of a SUS steel plate and being used as a soil modifier or a filter aid is used as the cleaning particle C. It can be used alone or in a mixture with sodium bicarbonate and / or acrylic resin. In this case, it is possible to expect a cleaning effect on railway vehicles other than stainless steel, other transportation means, fixed structures, and the like. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the injection device 7 is a pneumatic injection device or a hydraulic injection device has been described as an example. However, any one of these can be selected or used at the same time. You can also. For example, when the distance to the cleaning object is long, the hydraulic injection apparatus can be selected, and when the distance to the cleaning object is short, the pneumatic injection apparatus can be selected.

(2) In this embodiment, the case where the cleaning particles C are jetted at a low pressure has been described as an example, but the cleaning particles C can also be jetted at a high pressure. In this case, it can be expected that the cleaning particles C collide with the concavo-convex surface 3a and the cleaning particles C are destroyed and enter the recesses, so that cleaning particles having a large particle size can be used. In this embodiment, the case where a mixed liquid of cleaning particles C and water is jetted has been described as an example. However, when water-soluble cleaning particles are jetted, the water-soluble cleaning particles are used as air. Can also be injected. In this case, water is sprayed in a small amount so as to cover the periphery of the water-soluble cleaning particles that are ejected to prevent the water-soluble cleaning particles from being scattered, and the cleaning particles are prevented from adhering to the vehicle. Can be prevented. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the cleaning particles C have been described by taking baking soda, acrylic resin, pearlite, and the like as examples, but other particles such as salt can also be used. In this case, the salt attached to the outer plate 3 can be washed by spraying water onto the outer plate 3 after the injection.

(3) In this embodiment, the case where the dull-finished outer plate 3 is washed is described as an example. However, the present invention is also applied to the case where the outer plate 3 subjected to hairline processing such as the lower portion of the vehicle body 2a is washed. Can be applied. Further, in this embodiment, when the cleaning particle C has higher hardness than the line segment identification band 3b, the cleaning particle C is ejected while avoiding the line segment identification band 3b, but the line segment identification band 3b is shielded. It is also possible to install a shielding part or the like. Furthermore, in this embodiment, those that can be selected from commercially available industrial materials are listed as the cleaning particles C, but organic polymer particles that can be reused and are economically advantageous can also be used.

1 is a configuration diagram of a cleaning device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram of the injection apparatus in the washing | cleaning apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the principle of the washing | cleaning apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the injection apparatus in the washing | cleaning apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the examination test result of a standoff distance and a washing | cleaning range. It is a figure which shows the examination test result of the change of the washing | cleaning range by the difference in washing | cleaning particle density | concentration and jetting time. It is a graph which shows the change of the cleaning surface ratio with respect to cleaning particle density | concentration and jetting time, (A) is a graph which shows the relationship between a cleaning surface ratio and cleaning particle density | concentration, (B) is a required cleaning particle amount and a clean surface ratio. It is a graph which shows the relationship. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a cleaning particle diameter and a cleaning effect.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Track 2 Vehicle 3 Outer plate 3a Uneven surface 3b Line segment identification zone 4 Cleaning device 5 Cleaning particle supply device 6 Compressed fluid supply device 7 Injection device C Cleaning particle D Dirt F Spray water

Claims (16)

A cleaning device for cleaning the uneven surface by spraying cleaning particles on the uneven surface,
An injection means for injecting the cleaning particles having a shape capable of entering and colliding with the concave portion of the uneven surface;
Features a cleaning device. The cleaning device according to claim 1,
The jetting means jets a liquid mixture of the cleaning particles and a liquid with a compressed gas or pressurizes the cleaning particles with a liquid and jets the liquid;
A cleaning device characterized by. In the cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The spraying means sprays at least one of baking soda, acrylic resin or perlite as the cleaning particles;
A cleaning device characterized by. In the washing | cleaning apparatus of any one of Claim 1- Claim 3,
The spraying means sprays the cleaning particles having a hardness lower than that of the uneven surface;
A cleaning device characterized by. In the washing | cleaning apparatus of any one of Claim 1- Claim 4,
The jetting means jets the cleaning particles onto the surface of the railway vehicle when the uneven surface is the surface of the railcar;
A cleaning device characterized by. The cleaning apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
When the uneven surface is a stainless steel surface of a railway vehicle, the spraying means sprays at least one kind of the baking soda or the acrylic resin onto the stainless steel surface,
A cleaning device characterized by. A cleaning method for cleaning the uneven surface by spraying cleaning particles on the uneven surface,
Including an injection step of injecting the cleaning particles having a shape capable of entering and colliding with the concave portion of the uneven surface,
Cleaning method characterized. The cleaning method according to claim 7,
The jetting step is a step of jetting a liquid mixture of the cleaning particles and a liquid with a compressed gas or a step of jetting the cleaning particles under pressure with a liquid;
A cleaning method characterized by. In the cleaning method according to claim 7 or 8,
The spraying step is a step of spraying at least one of baking soda, acrylic resin or perlite as the cleaning particles;
A cleaning method characterized by. In the cleaning method according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
The spraying step is a step of spraying the cleaning particles having a hardness lower than that of the uneven surface;
A cleaning method characterized by. In the cleaning method according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
The injection step is a step of injecting the cleaning particles onto the surface of the railway vehicle when the uneven surface is the surface of the railway vehicle.
A cleaning method characterized by. The cleaning method according to claim 11,
The injection step is a step of injecting at least one kind of the baking soda or the acrylic resin onto the stainless steel surface when the uneven surface is a stainless steel surface of a railway vehicle.
A cleaning method characterized by. Railroad vehicle cleaning particles for spraying on the uneven surface of the railway vehicle to clean the uneven surface,
Having a shape capable of entering and colliding with the concave portion of the concave-convex surface;
Cleaning particles for railway vehicles. In the railcar cleaning particles according to claim 13,
Containing at least one of baking soda, acrylic resin or perlite,
Cleaning particles for railway vehicles. In the railcar cleaning particles according to claim 13 or 14,
The hardness is lower than the uneven surface of the railway vehicle,
Cleaning particles for railway vehicles. In the railway vehicle cleaning particles according to claim 15,
When the uneven surface of the railway vehicle is a stainless steel surface, containing at least one kind of baking soda or acrylic resin having a lower hardness than the stainless steel surface,
Cleaning particles for railway vehicles.