JP2006054253A - Method for manufacturing electric double-layer capacitor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the internal resistance of an electric double-layer capacitor. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of electrode sheets in each of which a polarizable electrode layer mainly formed of activated carbon is formed on one side or both sides of a collector are stacked with separators between to make a rectangular cylinder capacitor. The rectangular cylinder capacitor is housed in a rectangular cylinder exterior case, and when the capacitor is immersed in an electrolyte, it is swollen as it is impregnated with the electrolyte. The swelling of the capacitor gives specified pressure to the capacitor from the inner circumferential surface of the exterior case to reduce the internal resistance. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electric double layer capacitor in which a capacitor element formed by laminating a polarizable electrode, a current collector, and a separator is impregnated with an electrolytic solution.

  Recently, electric double layer capacitors capable of charging and discharging a large current have attracted attention. An electric double layer capacitor is a capacitor that uses an electric double layer formed by ion polarization at the interface between an electrode and an electrolytic solution, and has a larger capacitance than an electrolytic capacitor and is also compared with a battery. Rapid charge / discharge is possible, and its application is expected.

  In such an electric double layer capacitor, a plate-like electrode sheet having polarizable electrode layers formed on both sides of a current collector is used as a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and these are alternately stacked via separators to form a capacitor element. A multilayer electric double layer capacitor is known which is formed and accommodated in an exterior case made of aluminum or the like and has an opening end sealed with a sealing plate.

  Such a multilayer electric double layer capacitor can produce a prismatic electric double layer capacitor as compared with a wound type electric double layer capacitor, so that the storage efficiency in an electric device can be increased. There is an advantage.

  In addition, the multilayer electric double layer capacitor is provided with a tab protruding outward from one side of each current collector, and electrically connects the tabs serving as positive electrodes and the tabs serving as negative electrodes, respectively. It is connected to an external electrode embedded in the sealing plate of the multilayer capacitor and is electrically connected to an external circuit. And, as described above, by pulling out the external extraction tab from each current collector, the current capacity at the tab portion can be increased, and charging / discharging with a large current can be performed on the electric double layer capacitor. It becomes possible.

The following documents exist as known documents related to the multilayer electric double layer capacitor as described above.
JP 2001-244149 A

  As described above, the electric double layer capacitor has a large capacitance and can be charged and discharged with a large current. However, an electric double layer capacitor requires a high capacity and a high discharge density. However, when the internal resistance of the capacitor is high, as the current density increases, a sudden drop in voltage at the initial stage of discharge, a so-called IR drop is observed. Therefore, it is required to reduce the internal resistance of the capacitor.

  The internal resistance largely depends on the part depending on the specific resistance of the electrolytic solution of the electric double layer capacitor and the part depending on the electric resistance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Among these, the electrical resistance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is greatly influenced by the contact frequency between the activated carbon powders, and the internal resistance is increased unless the contact frequency between the activated carbon powders is very large. Therefore, it is attempted to reduce the internal resistance by increasing the contact frequency of the activated carbon and increasing the conductive path inside the polarizable electrode layer.

  As a method of increasing the contact frequency between the activated carbon powders of the polarizable electrode layer and reducing the internal resistance, there is a method of increasing the contact frequency between the activated carbon powders by applying a press pressure to the polarizable electrode layer formed in a sheet shape. is there. In addition, a method is also known in which after the capacitor element is housed in the exterior case, the exterior case is deformed inward from the periphery of the exterior case, and pressure is applied to the polarizable electrode layer.

  Although the electrical resistance of the polarizable electrode layer can be reduced by the measures as described above, a technique that can further reduce the internal resistance is desired.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a prismatic capacitor obtained by laminating a polarizable electrode in which an electrode material mainly composed of activated carbon is formed on one or both sides of a metal foil as a current collector through a separator. After the prismatic capacitor element is housed in the prismatic outer case, the capacitor element is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, and a predetermined pressure is applied to the capacitor element from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case by swelling of the capacitor element due to the impregnation of the electrolytic solution. It is characterized by being added.

  A polarizable electrode used for an electric double layer capacitor is formed into a sheet by kneading activated carbon powder, carbon black, and a binder. The polarizable electrode swells when impregnated with an electrolytic solution. Therefore, a predetermined pressure is applied to the capacitor element from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case by utilizing the swelling due to the impregnation of the electrolytic solution. When pressure is applied to the capacitor element, the contact frequency between the activated carbon powders increases, and the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is reduced. In addition, the adhesion strength between the polarizable electrode sheet and the polarizable electrode layer is increased, the contact resistance at this interface is reduced, and the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor can be reduced.

The invention according to claim 2 is the method for producing an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the activated carbon is in the range of 1500 to 3000 m ² / g.

When the specific surface area of the activated carbon used as the material for the polarizable electrode is in the range of 1500 to 3000 m ² / g, it is considered that the activated carbon itself does not absorb the electrolyte and expand. A graphite material having a smaller specific surface area is known in which graphite takes in an electrolyte solution and expands, but this invention does not include a material having a property of expanding a carbon material. The swelling of the polarizable electrode in this invention is considered to swell when the electrolyte enters between the activated carbon powders.

And in the range whose specific surface area of activated carbon is 1500-3000 m < ² > / g, since the contact area of activated carbon and electrolyte solution also becomes large, and the area of the electric double layer formed also becomes large, a big electrostatic capacitance is obtained. Be able to.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing an electric double layer capacitor according to the first or second aspect, the outer periphery of the capacitor element is wound with an elastic winding tape. And

  Even if the polarizable electrode swells, if the swelling of the capacitor element is hindered by the winding tape that circulates around the outer periphery of the capacitor element, a predetermined pressure cannot be applied to the outer case from the inner peripheral surface of the capacitor element. . Therefore, by setting the winding tape to be extensible, a predetermined pressure can be applied to the capacitor element from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case.

  The electric double layer capacitor obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention can further reduce the internal resistance by a simple method. Furthermore, since the capacitor element on the inner side surface of the outer case comes into contact with the capacitor element and the capacitor element does not move inside the outer case, the vibration resistance performance of the electric double layer capacitor is improved and the electrostatic capacity per volume is increased. The size of the capacity can also be large.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 shows the structure of an electric double layer capacitor manufactured according to the present invention.

  As an outline of the structure of the electric double layer capacitor, as shown in FIG. 4, the capacitor element 1 in which the positive electrode sheets 11 and the negative electrode sheets 12 are alternately laminated via the separators 13 is housed in a metal outer case 2, The opening end of the case is sealed with the sealing plate 3.

  Below, the manufacturing method of the electric double layer capacitor of this invention is demonstrated one by one.

  The positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 12 are flat electrode sheets in which polarizable electrode layers 14 and 14 mainly composed of activated carbon are formed on both sides of a current collector 13 as shown in FIG. The electrode arranged on the outermost part of the capacitor element may be one in which the polarizable electrode layer 14 is formed only on the inner surface.

The positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 12 are obtained by kneading activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1500 to 3000 m ² / g, carbon black as a conductive auxiliary agent, and polytetrafluoroethylene powder as a binder in a wet or dry manner. A kneaded product is obtained, and the kneaded product is applied to the current collector 13 and dried to solidify the kneaded product to form the polarizable electrode layers 14 and 14 on the current collector 13. Furthermore, you may press the polarizable electrode layers 14 and 14 so that it may become predetermined thickness with a rolling roll.

  In addition to the above steps, the kneaded product may be formed into a sheet and dried, and this sheet may be attached to a current collector with a conductive adhesive to produce a polarizable electrode. In this case, the thickness may be set to a predetermined thickness with a rolling roll in the state of the sheet, or the thickness may be set to a predetermined thickness with the rolling roll after the sheet is attached to the current collector.

  The current collector 13 can be a metal foil, mesh, or the like, rather than a metal, but it is 40 μm from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance to the electrolyte, conductivity of the current collector itself, and mechanical strength of the current collector. An aluminum foil having a thickness of about can be suitably used. In addition, when using aluminum foil, it is good to form the fine unevenness | corrugation in the surface by the etching process. If there are fine irregularities on the surface, the wettability is improved when the kneaded product is applied to the current collector or when a conductive adhesive is applied to the current collector, and the adhesion strength with the polarizable electrode layer is strong. It will be a thing.

  Further, a tab 15 for external drawing is connected to the current collector 13 in advance. The tab 15 is obtained by projecting a part of the current collector 13 from one side of the current collector 13. The tab 15 may be formed by connecting a member different from the current collector 13 to the current collector by a cold welt method, an ultrasonic welding method, or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 12 are alternately laminated with a plurality of positive electrode sheets 11 and negative electrode sheets 12 with separators 16 interposed therebetween to form a laminate. As the separator 16, a polypropylene nonwoven fabric or the like can be used. At this time, lamination is performed so that the positive electrode tabs and the negative electrode tabs overlap each other.

  Moreover, the winding tape 17 is wound around the outer periphery of these laminated bodies, and it fixes so that a laminated body may not loosen. The anti-winding tape used here preferably has a stretchability of 4% or more. As a material for the winding tape having such an extensibility, a polyimide film coated with an adhesive can be used.

  In the capacitor element produced as described above, the dimension indicated by the arrow in FIG. 2 is the thickness in the stacking direction.

  Next, the tab derived from the capacitor element and the external connection terminal 21 of the sealing plate 2 are electrically joined. The sealing plate 2 is made of a hard resin and is embedded so that the metal external connection terminals 21 and 21 penetrate therethrough. The connection method of the tab 15 and the external connection terminal 21 is not particularly limited, but one end of the connection lead is attached by overlapping a plurality of tabs, and the other end of the connection lead is connected to the inner end of the external connection terminal. A connection method can be taken.

  Then, the capacitor element 1 connected to the sealing plate 2 is stored in the outer case 3. The outer case 3 has a prismatic shape, and one end is open. Aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be used as the material of the outer case 3. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the side surfaces, ribs that protrude from the inner side to the outer side may be provided. Further, the inner dimension of the outer case is slightly larger than the outer peripheral dimension of the capacitor element, and the thickness of the capacitor element in the stacking direction is about 98.5% of the inner dimension of the outer case to be accommodated. . On the other hand, when the initial size of the capacitor element is larger than the internal dimension of the outer case, it is difficult to store the capacitor element in the outer case, and therefore 100% of the inner dimension of the outer case to be stored. The following size is preferable.

  The size of the capacitor element with respect to the inner dimension of the outer case can be appropriately designed depending on the degree of swelling when the capacitor element is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. For example, when the size (swelling degree) after impregnating the electrolytic solution is about 5% larger than the size before impregnating the electrolytic solution, the capacitor element before impregnating the electrolytic solution Even when the size is about 96% of the inner dimension of the outer case, when the capacitor element is impregnated with an electrolyte and swollen, it can receive a press pressure from the outer case. Further, when the size of the capacitor element is about 99% with respect to the inner dimension of the outer case, even if the degree of swelling of the capacitor element is about 1%, it receives a press pressure from the outer case. . In addition, since the capacitance per volume of the electric double layer capacitor can be increased by increasing the amount of the polarizable electrode with respect to the storage volume of the outer case, in terms of the storage efficiency of the capacitor element, the stacking direction It is preferable that the thickness is 98.5% or more of the inner dimension of the outer case that accommodates the thickness of the outer case.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 1A, the capacitor element 1 is accommodated in the outer case 3. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1B, the electrolytic solution 4 is injected into the outer case 18 and the capacitor element 1 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. In FIG. 1, the tab of the capacitor element 1 is omitted.

The electrolyte used here is a solute composed of cations such as lithium ions and quaternary phosphonium ions and anions such as BF ₄ ⁻ , PF ₆ ⁻ , ClO ₄ ⁻ and CF ₃ SO ₃ ⁻ , propylene carbonate, 1 An organic electrolytic solution composed of an aprotic solvent such as butylene carbonate, sulfolane, acetonitrile, γ-butyrolactone, and dimethylformamide is preferable.

  As shown in FIG. 1C, by injecting the electrolytic solution 4, the capacitor element 1 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution, and the capacitor element 1 swells. The direction of the swelling becomes conspicuous with respect to the thickness direction of the stacking direction 1 of the capacitor element in which the electrode sheets as indicated by arrows in FIG. Although it is going to swell also in the horizontal direction, the polarizable electrode layer is bonded to the aluminum foil as the current collector, so that the swelling in the horizontal direction is inhibited.

  When the thickness of the capacitor element in the stacking direction is 98.5% or more of the inner dimension of the housing case to be accommodated, the use of the capacitor element having a swelling degree of 2% or more provides good storage efficiency, and the capacitor Since the degree of swelling of the element is large, it is preferable because the pressure applied to the capacitor element as a reaction from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case can be increased.

  The capacitor element 1 swollen by the electrolytic solution comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer case 3 and further presses the outer case 3. Due to the reaction, the entire capacitor element 1 receives a pressing pressure from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case 3. At this time, the outer case 3 is required to have such a strength that it is not deformed by pressure due to swelling of the capacitor element 1. If the outer case 3 is deformed by the pressure caused by the swelling of the capacitor element 1, it becomes impossible to apply an appropriate pressing pressure to the capacitor element 1.

  Then, when the entire capacitor element 1 receives a pressing pressure, the position of the capacitor element 1 inside the outer case 3 is fixed. Furthermore, due to the pressing of the polarizable electrode layer by the pressing pressure, the frequency of adhesion between the activated carbon powders inside the polarizable electrode layer increases, and the conductive path inside the polarizable electrode increases, reducing the internal resistance of the capacitor element. You will be able to do it. Further, the adhesion strength between the current collector of the electrode sheet and the polarizable electrode layer becomes strong, and the contact resistance at these interfaces is also reduced.

  In addition, since the press pressure is applied to the entire capacitor element, the polarizable electrode layer receives the press pressure, and the contact frequency of the activated carbon powder within the polarizable electrode layer is increased substantially uniformly. For this reason, the reduction effect of the internal resistance as a whole becomes large.

  And as shown in FIG.1 (d), an electrical double layer capacitor is completed by sealing the opening edge part of an exterior case with a sealing board.

  In the electric double layer capacitor manufactured by the above manufacturing method, the capacitor element receives press pressure from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case, and therefore the capacitor element is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer case. In this state, the capacitor element occupies a large volume in the housing space of the outer case, and the capacitance per volume of the electric double layer capacitor is also large.

  The invention will now be described on the basis of more detailed examples.

(Example)
An activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of 2200 m ² / g, carbon black and tetrafluoroethylene powder were kneaded together with isopropyl alcohol to obtain a kneaded product. The kneaded product was rolled with a rolling roll to obtain a polarizable electrode sheet having a thickness of 100 μm. Next, the polarizable electrode sheet was cut into a size of 108 mm × 47 mm.
Next, a high-purity aluminum foil having a thickness of 40 μm was cut into a size of 110 mm × 47 mm so that a tab having a width of 13 mm and a length of 20 mm was led out from one of the short sides to obtain a current collector. .
A polarizable electrode sheet was attached to both surfaces of the current collector with a conductive adhesive to produce an electrode sheet.
160 layers of electrode sheets were laminated via a 112 mm × 47 mm separator to obtain a laminate. At this time, lamination was performed such that the tabs were alternately led out from one end face.
Next, the outer periphery of the laminate in which the electrode sheets were laminated was circulated with an adhesive tape in which an adhesive was applied to a polyimide film. This polyimide film is extensible.
The capacitor element formed as described above had a size of 47 mm × 47 mm × 112 mm.
Here, in order to observe the degree of swelling when the capacitor element was impregnated with the electrolytic solution, the capacitor element was impregnated with the electrolytic solution. As a result, the capacitor element swelled mainly in the stacking direction of the multilayer body, and the maximum thickness in the stacking direction was 48.2 mm.
As described above, when the capacitor element is impregnated with the electrolytic solution, the size in the thickness direction of the capacitor element after impregnation is about 2% larger than the size in the thickness direction of the capacitor element before impregnation. It was confirmed that it increased by about 2% due to swelling.
Next, the capacitor element before being impregnated with the electrolytic solution was housed in a case with a rectangular columnar shape. The outer case is made of aluminum and has an inner dimension of 48 mm × 48 mm and a length dimension of 130 mm.
Thus, since the outer diameter dimension of the capacitor element is slightly smaller than the inner dimension of the outer case, the capacitor element can be easily stored in the outer case.
Next, an electrolytic solution was injected into the outer case. By impregnating the electrolytic solution, the capacitor element swells, and comes into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer case and presses the outer peripheral surface. As a reaction, a pressing pressure is applied to the capacitor element from the outer case.
And the opening end part of the exterior case was sealed with the sealing plate, and the electric double layer capacitor was completed.
The electric double layer capacitor was rated for a rated voltage of 2.3 V, a rated capacitance of 2700 F, and an internal resistance of 1.0 mΩ.
(Comparative example)
As a comparative example, the same capacitor element as in the example was used, and it was housed in an outer case having an inner size of 49 mm × 49 mm and a length of 130 mm. And electrolyte solution was inject | poured into the exterior case and the capacitor element was impregnated with electrolyte solution. In this case, although the capacitor element swells due to the impregnation with the electrolytic solution, even if the capacitor element swells, it is smaller than the inner dimension of the outer case, and therefore, it does not receive a pressing pressure from the outer case.
And the opening end part of the exterior case was sealed with the sealing plate, and the electric double layer capacitor was completed.
The electric double layer capacitor was rated for a rated voltage of 2.3 V, a rated capacitance of 2700 F, and an internal resistance of 1.3 mΩ.

  Comparing the above example and comparative example, it is clear that the rated voltage and the rated capacitance obtained are the same, but there is a difference in the value of the internal resistance, and the internal resistance of the example is lower. It was.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is drawing explaining the manufacturing method of the electrical double layer capacitor of this invention, (a)-(d) represents each process. It is a perspective view which shows an electrode sheet. It is a perspective view which shows a capacitor element. It is sectional drawing which shows the internal structure of an electrical double layer capacitor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 0 Electric double layer capacitor 1 Capacitor element 11 Positive electrode 12 Negative electrode 13 Current collector 14 Polarization electrode layer 15 Tab 16 Separator 17 Winding tape 2 Sealing plate 21 External connection terminal 3 Exterior case 4 Electrolyte

Claims (3)

A plurality of electrode sheets each having a polarizable electrode layer mainly composed of activated carbon formed on one side or both sides of a current collector are stacked via a separator to obtain a prismatic capacitor element. An electric double layer in which a capacitor element is impregnated with an electrolytic solution after being stored in a columnar outer case, and a predetermined pressure is applied to the capacitor element from the inner peripheral surface of the outer case by swelling of the capacitor element due to the impregnation of the electrolytic solution. A method for manufacturing a capacitor. The method for producing an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon has a specific surface area of 1500 to 3000 m ² / g. The method for producing an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the outer periphery of the capacitor element is wound with a winding tape having extensibility.

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