JP2006029010A - Tile material for outer wall and outer wall structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent having of adverse influence of moisture infiltrating into an outer wall, while improving thermal insulation performance of the outer wall as an outer wall tile material. <P>SOLUTION: This tile material 10 is constructed by being juxtaposed on an outer wall surface 50 of a building; and has an obverse side projecting part 24 and a reverse side projecting part 34 having the whole forming a substantially rectangular plate shape, arranged on the opposed side edges and forming a shiplap joint for connecting the mutual tile materials 10 in the surface direction and an internally arranged thermal insulation material 90 arranged on the reverse surface side of the tile material 10 on the inside of the obverse side projecting part 24 and the reverse side projecting part 34. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an outer wall tile material and an outer wall structure, and more particularly, to an outer wall tile material used for finishing an outer wall of a building such as a house, and an outer wall structure constructed using such an outer wall tile material. It is targeted.

The technique of using fired tiles such as ceramics and non-fired tiles such as hardened cement for the outer wall finishing of buildings is already widely known. Tile-finished outer walls are widely used as those having good appearance design and excellent weather resistance.
In the conventional outer wall finishing using tiles that have been generally employed, tile pieces are pasted on the surface of an outer wall base plate made of plywood or the like via an adhesive or an adhesive mortar. A joint agent made of mortar or a joint material made of rubber or the like is embedded in the joint gap formed at the joint between the tile pieces to ensure waterproofness and water tightness of the joint.
In Patent Document 1, there is a technique for providing a joint joint on the side of a tile material made of a hardened cement material or the like and having a substantially rectangular plate shape, and constructing the tile material connected in the front, rear, left, and right surface directions. It is shown. A screw nail is inserted into a through hole provided on a side of the tile material constituting the joint joint, and the screw nail is screwed into the outer wall base material to fix the tile material to the outer wall base material. In this technique, tile members arranged adjacent to each other on the upper and lower sides of the outer wall are overlapped on the front and back at the joint joint portion to achieve waterproofness and watertightness at the joint. Watertightness is improved by devising the structure of the splice joint.

In Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-405759 filed by a part of the present patent applicant, a recess surrounding the mounting hole is provided on the back surface side of the through hole for screw nail mounting provided on the side of the tile material. A technique for improving the water tightness in the mounting hole portion by filling the concave portion with a caulking agent has been proposed.
If only tiles are attached to the base plate, the heat insulation of the outer wall may be insufficient. Therefore, a technique has been proposed in which a heat insulating material layer made of glass wool or expanded polystyrene board is provided between the base plate and the tile.
Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which a heat insulating material such as polystyrene foam is attached to the entire back surface of a rectangular plate-like tile. The heat insulating material is slightly protruded from the peripheral edge of the tile, and the gap between adjacent tiles is surely closed with the heat insulating material.
JP 2003-268946 A JP 2003-301585 A

In the conventional outer wall finishing structure using tiles, it is difficult to completely prevent water from entering the walls from the gaps between the tiles even if various watertight structures are applied.
Once the water has entered the back side of the tile, the infiltrated water is in turn not easily drained and therefore remains in the walls. Moisture promotes corrosion of the members constituting the wall or generates soot. The more highly watertight the structure is adopted, the more difficult it is to drain water that has once entered, and the durability of the wall may be reduced.
The splice joint structure of Patent Document 1 is effective in preventing water from entering the back side of the tile. Still, water can enter through the gaps between the tiles.

When the tile material is a material that absorbs water, such as cement-based materials, the moisture absorbed in the tile from the tile surface or the gap between the tiles stays in the tile or stays in the tile. Some of the water moves from the back of the tile to the interior space of the wall.
In a cold region, if moisture remains in the tile, the problem of frost damage that the tile cracks or cracks due to expansion and contraction when the moisture freezes or melts occurs. Moisture released from the back surface of the tile into the internal space of the wall promotes deterioration of the internal structure of the wall and a decrease in durability.
As shown in Patent Document 2, when a heat insulating material such as expanded polystyrene is attached to the back surface of the tile, moisture is prevented from being released directly from the back surface of the tile to the internal space of the wall. However, if the heat insulating material has water absorption, the heat insulating material absorbs water and deteriorates or the heat insulating property decreases. If the heat insulating material has no water absorption, moisture will stay in the tile forever. It becomes easy to generate | occur | produce the frost damage in the above-mentioned cold district.

In the technique of Patent Document 2, since the heat insulating material is provided to the outside from the periphery of the tile, the gap between the tiles is also covered with the heat insulating material, and moisture is released into the internal space of the wall as it is. Few. However, since a part of the heat insulating material is exposed to the outside through the gap between the tiles, there is a problem that the heat insulating material is damaged or deteriorated.
The subject of this invention is making it difficult to receive the bad influence of the water | moisture content permeating into the inside of an outer wall while being able to improve the heat insulation of an outer wall as an outer wall tile material used for the above-mentioned outer wall finishing.

The tile material for an outer wall according to the present invention is a tile material that is constructed side by side on the outer wall surface of a building, and is generally formed in a rectangular plate shape, arranged on opposite sides and connected to each other in the surface direction. The front side convex part and back side convex part used as the joint prick joint are provided, and the internal heat insulating material arrange | positioned inside the said front side convex part and back side convex part at the back surface side of a tile material is provided.
[Outer wall surface of the building]
The buildings to which the present invention is applied are ordinary houses, collective houses, office buildings, factories, and other ordinary various buildings.
The outer wall surface of the building includes the surface of the structural part exposed to the outer surface of the building such as the ceiling surface under the eaves and the outer peripheral surface of the columnar structure in addition to the side wall.

It is preferable to construct an outer wall base material for fixing the tile material on the outer wall surface. In this case, the surface of the outer wall base material becomes the outer wall surface.
As an outer wall base material, the same material as the base material used for normal outer wall construction, such as a plywood and a ceramic industry outer wall base material, is used. When nailing or screw nailing is used as a fixing means for the tile material, a material capable of that is used.
It is also possible to attach a grid-like base bar to the surface of the outer wall base material vertically and horizontally and fix the tile material to this base bar. The base rail can be fixed to the outer wall base material by means such as adhesion or nailing. The lattice space of the base rail also functions as a function for enhancing the heat insulation of the outer wall and a space for temporarily storing moisture released from the tile material.

Tile material can also be applied directly to the surface of the wall structure, such as concrete or steel, without using the outer wall base material.
[Tile material for outer wall]
As the material of the tile material, the same material and manufacturing technology as those of a normal tile for finishing an outer wall can be employed.
The tile material includes a fired tile formed by firing a ceramic material or the like, and a non-fired tile formed by forming a cement-based material and hydrating and hardening it. Either can be used.
A tile made of a cement-based material and having a relatively large area is sometimes called a siding material. Stucco and plaster can also be used as a cement material. Some have improved the strength and the like by mixing fiber material with cement. A humidity control material such as siliceous shale having a humidity control function can be added to the tile material. A material having various functions such as a breathable material can also be used as the tile material.

As the cement material, a hardened fiber-containing cement having a specific gravity of 1.3 or more can be used. The fiber-mixed cement cured product is excellent in durability as a cured product because fibers such as glass fiber and synthetic resin fiber are mixed in the cured material in addition to cement and aggregate. The higher the specific gravity of the hardened cement, the harder it is to absorb water and the greater the resistance to frost damage.
From the tile material itself and the decorative layer on the surface, such as those that are fired and cured by applying a glassy glaze to the surface of the tile material, or those that have been cured by baking such as applying paint or resin material Can also be used. A waterproof material can be used as the surface decorative layer. As the surface decorative layer, those having air permeability and those having moisture permeability can also be used.

The overall shape of the tile material can basically be the same shape as a normal outer wall tile. Specifically, the whole forms a substantially rectangular plate shape. Either a square or a rectangle may be used. It may be a polygon such as a hexagon. It is also possible to provide unevenness in a part of the outer periphery or to make a part in a curved shape. As overall dimensions, one side can be set to a range of 150 to 900 mm and a thickness of 5 to 25 mm.
If an uneven pattern or a relief pattern is formed on the surface of the tile material, the appearance design is enhanced. A ventilation space or a drainage space can be provided on the back surface of the tile material. Of the back side of the tile material, if the portion except the side where the back side convex portion exists is recessed, a large accommodation space for the internal heat insulating material can be taken, and it can be used as the ventilation space and the drainage space as described above. Saving and weight reduction.

[Side joint structure]
On the side of the tile material, a joint structure for connecting the tile materials in the front / rear / right / left surface direction is provided. A pair of connecting structures that can be connected to each other are provided on opposite sides of the tile material. As a connecting structure, a piling structure is adopted.
Coupling structure is known as a connecting structure of pillars and plates in construction technology. The notches up to the middle in the thickness direction are processed reversely on the front and back sides of the side members to be connected, and the front side convex portions and the back side convex portions are arranged. The front side convex part and the back side convex part of the member to be connected are overlapped and connected.

In the case of a rectangular tile material, when front side convex portions are arranged on two adjacent sides, back side convex portions are arranged on the remaining two adjacent sides. A front side convex part and a back side convex part are arrange | positioned at the mutually opposing side.
The detailed shape and dimensions of the pegging structure can be variously changed as in the case of the usual pegging structure.
In a normal mating structure, the front side convex part and the back side convex part on the opposite side are often perfectly symmetrical and have the same dimensions, but the dimensions of the front side convex part and the back side convex part are the same. Can be different.

The protrusion length of the front side convex part and the back side convex part can be set in the range of about 7 to 50 mm. By ensuring a sufficient overlap distance, the waterproof function and the connection strength can be enhanced.
If the protruding length L2 of the back side convex portion is made longer than the protruding length L1 of the front side convex portion, a joint gap can be formed on the surface of the laid tile material. As a result, the appearance design is enhanced, and unevenness, inclination, deviation, and the like between adjacent tile materials are less noticeable. The difference L2−L1 = 7 to 50 mm between the protrusion length L2 of the back-side protrusion and the protrusion length L1 of the front-side protrusion can be set.
Although the thickness of a front side convex part and a back side convex part can be set to the same, you may differ. However, the thickness is set such that both the front side convex portion and the back side convex portion can maintain sufficient mechanical strength. Specifically, the thickness can be set to 4 to 20 mm.

In the above-described Patent Document 1, the end surface of the back-side convex portion is an inclined surface, and the side of the mating tile material with which the inclined end surface of the back-side convex portion abuts is also an inclined surface corresponding to the inclined end surface of the back-side convex portion. The technology to put is shown. By adopting such an inclined end surface, it is possible to enhance the bondability and the waterproof function on the contact surface when tile materials are connected and arranged. The end surface of the front-side convex portion can be an inclined surface.
[Mounting hole]
As a means for attaching the tile material to the outer wall base material, adhesion by a mortar or an adhesive can be adopted as in the case of a normal outer wall tile, but fastening by a fixing tool such as nailing or a screw nail can also be adopted.

As a fixing tool, a nail, a screw nail, a bolt, etc. which are used in a normal construction technology field can be used. Fastening with such a fixture is unlikely to cause a decrease in bonding force due to deterioration over time or changes in environmental conditions, and can be strongly fixed over a long period of time.
In order to facilitate the fastening by the fixing tool, an attachment hole penetrating from the front surface to the back surface of the back-side convex portion can be provided. The inner diameter of the mounting hole is set according to the fixture, but is usually in the range of 4 to 6 mm inside diameter.
The number and positions of the mounting holes are set so that the tile material can be securely fixed. The number of installation varies depending on the size of the tile material, construction conditions, and the like, but usually it is installed in the range of 2 to 4 on the back side convex part of one side. If the installation position is the surface of the convex part on the back side, and it is covered with the convex part on the front side of another tile material after construction, the appearance is good, ensuring water tightness in the mounting hole, and attaching to the mounting hole It is also effective in preventing corrosion, deterioration, and dropout of the fixture.

<Counterbore part>
A counterbore part in which the head of the fixing tool is accommodated can be provided on the surface side of the rear-side convex part in the mounting hole.
If there are counterbore parts, the head of the fixture does not protrude from the surface of the back side convex part, and the front side convex part of another tile material can be placed in close contact with the back side convex part. A recess corresponding to the head of the fixture of the back side convex portion facing the back side of the front side convex portion may be provided, and the head of the fixture may be accommodated in this recess.
The shape and structure of the spot facing are set according to the head structure of the fixture. For example, if the head of the fixture is a countersunk head, the spot facing will be conical.

(Filling recess)
It is arranged so as to surround the attachment hole on the back side of the back side convex part, is recessed from the back side of the back side convex part, and is filled with a caulking agent.
As the caulking agent, a caulking agent that is used for the caulking treatment of the outer wall portion in the normal construction technology field can be used. The caulking agent is supplied in the form of a liquid or a paste, is cured after construction, and is tightly joined to surrounding members, thereby improving the water tightness of the construction site. As the caulking agent, an acrylic silicon-based, urethane-based, epoxy-based or other caulking agent is used.

The shape of the filling recess is not particularly limited as long as it can surround the entire circumference of the mounting hole. For example, a similar shape that is slightly larger than the mounting hole can be employed. A filling recess having a shape different from that of the mounting hole, such as a combination of a rectangular filling recess and a circular mounting hole, may be used. The width of the filling recess is set so that a sufficient amount of the caulking agent can be filled. It is also desirable to allow the caulking agent to contact the fixture in a sufficient range.
The depth of the filling recess can be set to 1 to 5 mm. The difference between the width of the filling recess and the outer diameter of the mounting hole can be set to 2 to 6 mm.
The filling recess may be provided with an independent filling recess for each mounting hole, or a single filling recess may be used for a plurality of mounting holes. For example, a plurality of mounting holes arranged on the back side convex portion on one side can be collectively surrounded by a single strip-shaped filling concave portion.

[Internal insulation]
It arrange | positions inside a front side convex part and a back side convex part in the back surface side of a tile material.
As a material of the internal heat insulating material, a normal heat insulating material for building can be used. Examples thereof include foams of polyolefin resins such as polystyrene and polyethylene. Fibrous insulation such as glass wool can also be used. A composite heat insulating material combining a plurality of materials can also be used.
An internal heat insulating material can also be provided in the whole surface inside a front side convex part and a back side convex part among the back surfaces of a tile material, and can also be provided in a part.
Between the side end surface of the internal heat insulating material and the inner end surface of the back side convex portion facing it, and the inner end surface of the back side convex portion in another tile material facing the side end surface of the internal heat insulating material when constructing the tile material A gap G of 3 to 30 mm can be provided. Thereby, in the construction state, a portion where the back surface of the tile material is reliably exposed is formed around the internal heat insulating material. This exposed part improves the moisture release action from the tile material.

By providing the internal heat insulating material intermittently on the back surface of the tile material or by providing a penetrating portion in a part of the internal heat insulating material, a portion where the back surface side of the tile material is exposed can be configured.
The thickness of the internal heat insulating material is better to improve the heat insulating property. Although there is a restriction due to the total thickness of the tile material, it can usually be set in a range of 7 to 30 mm. There may be locations where the thickness varies depending on the location of the internal insulation. When providing the ventilation space mentioned later, the thickness of an internal heat insulating material can be made thin by that much.
[Ventilation space]
Between the opposing sides of the tile material, it penetrates in the surface direction on the back surface side. It has a function of entering the back side of the tile material and removing moisture released from the tile material together with ventilation.

The ventilation space is arranged so as to penetrate in one direction or both directions in the up and down direction and the left and right direction when the tile material is applied.
Of the side edges of the tile material, a ventilation space can be formed by providing a concave groove or notch on the back side of the back side convex portion at a portion where the back side convex portion exists. Since the back side is originally open at the place where the front side convex portion exists, the ventilation space can be configured without providing a special structure. In the place where the internal heat insulating material exists, the ventilation space can be arranged on the back side of the internal heat insulating material. A concave groove, a hole, a notch or the like penetrating in the surface direction can be provided in the internal heat insulating material. Only one ventilation space may be provided in one direction of the tile material, or a plurality of ventilation spaces may be provided in one direction.

The size of the ventilation space is sufficient if the intended function can be exhibited. Usually a relatively narrow one is sufficient. For example, when the ventilation space is arranged on the back side of the internal heat insulating material, the thickness of the ventilation space is set to such an extent that the thickness of the internal heat insulating material is reduced and the heat insulating property is not deteriorated. Specifically, the thickness of the ventilation space can be set to 2 to 10 mm. Although it depends on the width of the ventilation space and the width of the tile material, it can usually be set in the range of 2 to 20 mm.
[Construction of exterior wall tiles]
Basically, it can be constructed using the same procedures and equipment as a tile material having a normal splice joint structure.

<When filling recesses are used>
Before the construction, the filling recess of the tile material is filled with a caulking agent covering the mounting hole. The caulking agent may be filled at the time of manufacturing the tile material, or the caulking agent may be filled immediately before the tile material is applied.
The outer wall surface on which the tile material is constructed is the wall structure of the wall surface or the surface of the outer wall base material.
The tile material filled with the caulking agent is disposed in contact with the outer wall surface in such a posture that the back side convex portion is disposed on the upper side. A front side convex portion is arranged on the lower side.
A fixing tool is inserted into the mounting hole of the back side convex portion to fix the tile material to the outer wall surface. The fixing tool reaches the outer wall surface from the mounting hole so that the caulking agent filled in the mounting hole can be pushed away. Caulking agent closes the gap between the fixture and the mounting hole. The caulking agent closes the gap between the spot facing and the head of the fixed part. A part of the caulking agent closes the gap between the back surface of the convex portion on the back side and the outer wall surface and the gap between the outer periphery and the outer wall surface of the fixing tool that has entered the outer wall surface. Due to the presence of such a caulking agent, the water tightness of the fixture and the surrounding members is improved in each stage.

After one tile material is constructed in this way, the tile material to be constructed next is arranged on the upper side of the previously fixed tile material. The next tile material is arranged so that the front side convex portion directed toward the lower side thereof is superimposed on the back side convex portion of the previous tile material. Of course, the back side convex portion of the tile material is placed on the upper side. The arranged tile material is fixed by a fixing tool in the same manner as described above.
By repeating such work steps, the tile material is constructed from the bottom to the top of the outer wall surface.
In addition, also in the horizontal direction of the outer wall surface, the construction is performed such that the front-side convex portion of the tile material to be constructed next overlaps the back-side convex portion of the tile material that has been constructed first. The tile materials are connected to each other in the plane direction by a joint joint.

After constructing the base rails arranged in a grid pattern vertically and horizontally on the surface of the outer wall base material, the tile material can be attached and fixed to the surface of the base rail. Heat insulation can be improved by providing an interval between the outer wall base material and the tile material. The space generated between the outer wall base material and the tile material becomes an accommodation space for moisture released from the tile material, and is effective for removing moisture in communication with the ventilation space.
<Installation by bonding>
A tile material is laid side by side on the surface of the outer wall base material in a state where an adhesive is disposed on the surface of the outer wall base material, the back surface of the tile material, or both. At this time, similarly to the above, the back side convex portion and the front side convex portion may be connected by a joint joint. The surface of the back side convex part and the back surface of the front side convex part can also be joined with an adhesive.

A tile material can be adhered and attached on a base rail constructed on the surface of the outer wall base material. In this case, surface bonding from the outer wall base material to the tile material through the base crosspiece is performed in a wide area. From the outer wall base material to the tile material, a rigid body is integrated, and the strength, deformation resistance, and durability of the outer wall can be improved.
[Outer wall structure]
By using the above-described construction method using the tile material of the present invention, an outer wall structure of a building can be constructed.
In the outer wall structure in which tile materials are arranged side by side on the outer wall surface, the tile materials are connected in the upper, lower, left, and right plane directions by the above-described joint joint structure.

Rainwater that falls on the outer wall surface can intrude up to the gap between the front side convex part and the rear side convex part in the tiles connected in the vertical direction of the outer wall surface, but in the back, the rear side convex part Since it stands up vertically, it is hard to penetrate more than that. Even in the tiles connected in the left-right direction of the outer wall surface, the infiltration of water is satisfactorily prevented by the connection structure of the front side convex portion and the back side convex portion. However, water may be absorbed by the tile material where the tile material and rainwater come into contact.
In the tile material, a fixing tool inserted into the mounting hole of the back side convex portion is fixed to the outer wall surface to fix the tile material to the outer wall surface. On the back surface side of the tile material, the caulking agent filled so as to cover the mounting hole in the filling concave portion is inserted in such a manner that the fixture can push away. The fixing tool and the mounting hole are tightly sealed with a caulking agent to exhibit extremely high water tightness. Even if water has entered beyond the above-described structure, the presence of the caulking agent can surely prevent water from entering deeper. The caulking agent closes the gap between the counterbore part and the head of the fixing part, the gap between the back surface of the convex part on the back side and the outer wall surface, the gap between the outer periphery of the fixing tool that has entered the outer wall surface, and the outer wall surface. It also improves the water tightness at this point.

The internal heat insulating material existing on the back side of the tile material enhances the heat insulating property of the outer wall. Moreover, since the internal heat insulating material is arranged inside the joint joint consisting of the back side convex portion and the front side convex portion, the tile material itself is exposed on the back surface of the tile material without being covered with the internal heat insulating material. It is possible to provide a place to do. The moisture absorbed by the tile material is released from the exposed portion of the tile material to the back surface side of the tile material, so that the tile material does not easily absorb water.
Among the outer wall structures, the structure on the indoor side of the outer wall base material to which the tile material is attached is not particularly limited, and an outer wall structure in a normal building can be adopted. For example, a heat insulating material layer or an interior material layer can be provided on the indoor side of the exterior base layer.

The tile material for an outer wall according to the present invention is connected by a joint joint structure with a back-side convex portion and a front-side convex portion, and on the back side of the tile material, an internal heat insulating material inside the front-side convex portion and the back-side convex portion. Is arranged, it is possible to improve the heat insulation of the outer wall tile material, that is, the outer wall.
Moreover, since the internal heat insulating material is not exposed at the side edges of the tile material, the internal heat insulating material is less likely to be damaged due to chipping or shaving during transportation storage and construction handling. Even if water enters from the connecting gap between the tile materials, it does not immediately come into contact with the internal heat insulating material. Even if the tile material absorbs water, moisture can be released from the back surface portion of the tile material that is not blocked by the internal heat insulating material. Tile material is unlikely to remain at high moisture content. In a cold region, frost damage caused by cooling to below freezing point in a high water content state can be effectively prevented.

In particular, even in the construction state, if a certain amount of gap is provided around the internal heat insulating material, the back surface of the tile material is reliably exposed at this gap, and moisture is released from the exposed part. To be done. This gap also improves moisture release from the side end face of the internal heat insulating material. As a result, the above-mentioned frost damage can be prevented more reliably.
If the tile material is made of a hardened fiber-containing cement having a relatively large specific gravity, it is difficult to absorb moisture and frost damage is unlikely to occur.
If the ventilation space is provided on the back surface side of the tile material, moisture is released well from the back surface of the tile material and the internal heat insulating material.

[Tile material for outer wall]
The outer wall tile material 10 whose construction state is shown in FIG. 1 and whose detailed structure is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is made of a molded and hardened material of cementitious material, and has a generally rectangular plate shape as a whole.
As shown in FIG. 2, the tile material 10 for outer walls is comprised by the surface board part 20 which makes | forms rectangular plate shape, and the back surface frame part 30 which makes L-shaped frame shape. The thickness of the front plate 20 and the back frame 30 is set to be the same.
A brick wall-like uneven pattern is formed on the surface of the surface plate portion 20, and a surface decorative layer 28 is provided by painting to improve the appearance design. Since the surface decorative layer 28 does not have water permeability, it can prevent water from being absorbed from the surface of the tile material 10 and moisture from passing through the tile material 10 in the thickness direction. The surface decorative layer 28 is not provided on the side end surface of the front surface plate portion 20 or the upper surface of the back surface frame portion 30.

<Fitting joint>
Two orthogonal sides of the front surface plate portion 20 project outside the back surface frame portion 30 to form front side convex portions 22 and 24. As shown in FIG. 2, the front side convex portion 24 on the long side protrudes from the end of the back side convex portion 32 on the short side by a length L1. The front side convex portion 22 on the short side also protrudes by the same length L1 from the end portion of the back side convex portion 34 on the long side.
The remaining two side edges of the front surface plate portion 20 are recessed inwardly of the outer side surfaces of the back surface frame portion 30 that are orthogonal. Outer sides of the back frame portion 30 projecting outward from the front plate portion 20 are back side convex portions 32 and 34. As shown in FIG. 2, the back side convex portion 34 on the long side protrudes by a length L 2 from the long side of the surface plate portion 20. The back side convex portion 32 on the short side also protrudes by a length L 2 from the short side of the surface plate portion 20.

Such a connecting structure of the tile material 10 by the front-side convex portions 22 and 24 and the back-side convex portions 32 and 34 arranged on the sides facing each other is a joint structure called “matching”.
The protrusion lengths L1 and L2 described above are set to satisfy the relationship L1 ≧ L2. The difference between L1 and L2 determines the joint spacing between adjacent tile materials 10, 10 when the tile material 10 is constructed.
<Ventilation space>
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the back-side convex portions 32, 34 cross the back-side convex portions 32, 34 by intermittently notching the bottom surfaces of the back-side convex portions 32, 34 in the middle of the length direction. A ventilation space 39 made of a rectangular groove is disposed. The ventilation space 39 is provided with two on the back side convex portion 34 on the long side and one on the back side convex portion 32 on the short side.

As a result, ventilation is possible on the bottom surface side of the tile material 10 in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
<Mounting hole and filling recess>
Circular attachment holes 36 pass through the back-side convex portions 32 and 34 at a plurality of locations at intervals in the length direction. As shown in detail in FIG. 3, a counterbore portion 37 having a conical shape is provided at the upper end of the mounting hole 36.
On the back side of the back side convex portions 32 and 34, there is a filling concave portion 38 that is recessed from the back side. As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the filling concave portion 38 has a rectangular shape extending along the length direction of each of the back side convex portions 32, 34, and each of the plurality of mounting holes 36 is surrounded by the filling concave portion 38. The filling recess 38 is not provided at a location where the ventilation space 39 crosses. The width of the filling recess 38 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole 36. The depth of the filling recess 38 is up to the middle of the mounting hole 36.

The filling recess 38 is filled with a caulking agent 40. The caulking agent 40 may be filled immediately before the tile material 10 is applied to the outer wall, or the caulking agent 40 may be already filled at the stage of shipping the tile material 10 from a factory or the like. The caulking agent 40 fills the entire inside of the filling recess 38 and covers the back side of the mounting hole 36.
<Internal insulation>
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, an internal heat insulating material 90 having a rectangular plate shape is disposed on the back side of the front surface plate portion 20 and inside the L-shaped back surface frame portion 30. The internal heat insulating material 90 is made of a foamed polystyrene board and bonded to the tile material 10.

There is a gap G between the inner end surface of each of the rear-side convex portions 32 and 34 constituting the back frame portion 10 and the side end surface of the internal heat insulating material 90 facing it. A similar gap G is also formed between the front end surfaces of the back-side convex portions 32 and 34 and the side end surfaces of the internal heat insulating material 90 adjacent in parallel therewith. On the back side of the tile material 10, a portion where the back surface of the surface plate portion 20 is exposed exists in a circumferential groove shape around the internal heat insulating material 90.
As shown in FIG. 3, the thickness of the internal heat insulating material 90 is smaller than the height of the back frame portion 30, and the lower surface of the internal heat insulating material 90 is disposed at substantially the same position as the upper end surface of the ventilation space 39. Yes. The internal heat insulating material 90 is configured not to obstruct the ventilation of the ventilation space 39.

<Specific examples of exterior tiles>
Tile material: Fiber blended cement hardened plate (vinylon fiber blend, specific gravity 1.9).
Overall: External dimensions 330 mm x 480 mm, thickness 12 mm.
Surface plate part 20: External shape 300 mm × 450 mm.
Back frame part 30: L-shape with a width of 45 mm.
Front side protrusion protrusion length L1 = 25 mm, back side protrusion protrusion length L2 = 25 mm.
Mounting hole 36: For inner diameter 5mm, counterbore diameter 7mm, φ4mm for high-low screw.
2 installations (short side), 3 installations (long side).

Filling recess 38: depth 3 mm, width 12 mm, length 15-25 mm.
Caulking agent: Epoxy-modified silicone caulking agent.
Ventilation space 39: width 20 mm, height 5 mm, two long sides, one short side.
Internal heat insulating material 90: made of expanded polystyrene, 400 mm × 280 mm, thickness 10 mm.
Gap G = 5 mm between the internal heat insulating material 90 and the back side convex portions 32 and 34.
Surface decorative layer 28: resin mortar base finish + acrylic emulsion finish,
Total film thickness 0.11 mm.
[Construction of exterior wall tiles]
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 5 to 7, the tile member 10 for the outer wall is arranged side by side on the surface of the outer wall base material 50 constituting the wall surface of a building such as a house.

<Outer wall base material and base rail>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the outer wall base material 50 is made of plywood or the like. On the surface of the outer wall base material 50, base bars 52 that are arranged at regular intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions and have a lattice shape are attached.
As shown in FIG. 1, the base bar 52 is fixed to the outer wall base material 50 with screw nails 60. The lattice interval of the base beam 52 is set according to the size of the tile material 10. The tile material 10 is mounted side by side on the surface of the base frame 52. The width of the base frame 52 is set to be approximately the same as the width of the back frame 30 of the tile material 10. The thickness of the base frame 52 is set to such an extent that the screw nail 60 for fixing the tile material 10 can be screwed into the base frame 52 and fixed.

As a specific example of the base crosspiece 52, wood having a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 9 mm can be used.
<Arrangement of tile material>
As shown in FIG. 5, the tile material 10 has a horizontally long rectangular shape, and is arranged side by side in a posture in which the back side convex portion 34 is disposed on the upper side and the front side convex portion 24 is disposed on the lower side. As a result, the back side convex part 32 is arrange | positioned at the left side of FIG. 5, and the front side convex part 22 is arrange | positioned at the right side. Adjacent top and bottom and left and right tile materials 10 are always in a form in which the front side convex portions 22 and 24 and the back side convex portions 32 and 34 face each other on the front and back sides.
As shown in FIG. 1, the tiles arranged on the upper side on the surface side of the back-side convex part 34 of the tile material 10 arranged on the lower side with respect to the outer wall base material 50 and the base bar 52 installed in the vertical direction. The front-side convex portions 24 of the material 10 are connected to each other so as to be placed thereon. There is a slight gap between the lower end surface of the front-side convex portion 24 arranged on the lower side of the upper tile material 10 and the upper end surface of the surface plate portion 20 in the lower tile material 10. This occurs due to the difference between the protruding lengths L1 and L2 on the upper and lower sides of the tile material 10, and the joint gap 26 is formed. Further, the back-side convex portion 34 of the lower tile material 10 is in contact with the surface of the base crosspiece 52.

Such a connection structure is called “matching”.
This splice joint structure is a joint structure excellent in water tightness. For example, when rainwater or the like pours onto the surface of the tile material 10, the water flows along the surface plate portion 20, and water enters the gap between the surface plate portion 20 and the surface plate portion 20 from the lower end of the front side convex portion 24. In addition, on the back side of the surface plate portion 20, since the back side convex portion 34 of the lower tile material 10 rises, it is difficult for water to enter inside beyond the back side convex portion 34. Even if the force of rain is strong or the wall is sprinkled with a hose, it is difficult for water to enter with a strength that exceeds the weir by the back convex portion 34. However, even with a splice joint structure, there is a possibility that water may penetrate to the surface of the back-side convex portion 34.

<Tile fixing>
As shown in FIG. 1, a countersunk screw nail 60 is inserted into the mounting hole 36 before the next tile material 10 is connected to the upper side of the back side convex portion 34 of the tile material 10. The countersunk screw nail 60 advances from the mounting hole 36 to the filling recess 38 and is screwed into the base bar 52 so that the caulking agent 40 in the filling recess 38 can be pushed away.
A part of the caulking agent 40 pushed away by the countersunk screw nails 60 is formed between the back-side convex portion 34 and the base frame 52, the thread of the countersunk screw nails 60 and the screw holes formed in the base frame 52. Between the inner surface of the mounting hole 36 and the outer shape of the countersunk screw nail 60. As a result, the gap between the countersunk screw nail 60 and the member existing on the outer periphery thereof is reliably filled with the caulking agent 40, and the water tightness is improved.

When the countersunk screw nail 60 is fully screwed in, the countersunk head of the countersunk screw nail 60 is accommodated in the counterbore part 37, and the upper end of the countersunk screw nail 60 is substantially flush with the upper surface of the back recess 34. . If the countersunk screw nails 60 are attached to all the attachment holes 37 of the tile material 10, the tile material 10 is firmly fixed to the outer wall base material 50.
If one tile material 10 is fixed to the outer wall base material 50, the next new tile material 10 is arranged above or to the left, and is fixed to the outer wall base material 50 in the same manner as described above. By sequentially repeating such operations, the tile material 10 can be applied to the entire outer wall.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the tile material 10 constructed in the front, rear, left, and right forms joint gaps between each other. Due to the brick pattern formed on the surface of the surface plate portion 20 and the joint gap, the entire wall surface exhibits a highly design appearance similar to a brick wall. From the appearance of the wall surface, the presence of the caulking agent 40 and the internal heat insulating material 90 is not known at all.

  In the embodiment described above, for example, in FIG. 1, between the lower end of the front-side convex portion 24 existing on the lower side of the upper tile material 10 and the upper end side of the surface plate portion 20 included in the lower tile material 10. May infiltrate rainwater from the outside. The water that has infiltrated up to the back side of the front side convex part 24 tries to enter the inside through the gap between the countersunk screw nails 60 and the counterbore part 37 from the surface of the back side convex part 34 of the tile material 10 on the lower side. To do. However, if the caulking agent 40 is present between the countersunk screw nail 60 and the surrounding members, and there is no gap reaching the back, the ingress of water is reliably blocked. Water does not enter the back surface of the tile agent 10 or the wall base material 50. The outer wall structure can be constructed with a much higher watertightness than the case where only a simple fitting joint structure is provided.

[Function of internal insulation]
As shown in FIG. 1, the internal heat insulating material 90 disposed on the back side of the applied tile material 10 has a gap G between the upper end surface and the back-side convex portion 34. The lower end surface of the internal heat insulating material 90 faces in a state where a gap G is left between the lower end surface and the upper end surface of the back-side convex portion 34 in the lower tile material 10.
As shown in FIG. 6, also on the left and right side end surfaces of the internal heat insulating material 90, the back side convex portion 34 of the tile material 10 to which the internal heat insulating material 90 is attached and the back side convex portion of another adjacent tile material 10. There is a gap G between A circumferential groove-like gap G is provided on the entire circumference of the internal heat insulating material 90 in a state surrounded by the back-side convex portions 32 and 34. In the gap G, the back surface of the front plate portion 20 is exposed.

As shown in FIG. 1, even if the tile material 10 is strongly heated or cooled by strong sunlight or cold air from the outside, the internal heat insulating material 90 arranged on the back side of the tile material 10 moves to the inner side of the wall. The heat transfer is cut off, making it difficult for the interior of the wall to be overheated or cooled.
Since the internal heat insulating material 90 is disposed on the back side of the tile material 10, it is not exposed to the outdoor environment. At the time of handling and construction work of the tile material 10, the concern that the internal heat insulating material 90 is damaged or chipped is also eliminated.
In addition, around the internal heat insulating material 90, there is a portion corresponding to the gap G where the back surface of the surface plate portion 20 is exposed. Even if the tile material 10 absorbs rainwater or moisture, the water is evaporated from the exposed portion on the back surface of the surface plate portion 20 to the space on the back side and removed from the tile material 10. It can prevent that the material of the tile material 10 is in a high water content state while absorbing water. As a result, the problem of frost damage in cold regions can be solved.

Since the space around the internal heat insulating material 90 communicates with the ventilation space 39, the moisture released from the tile material 10 is sent to the ventilation space 39.
[Function of ventilation space]
As shown in FIG. 1, the ventilation space 39 constitutes a space that penetrates the tile material 10 in a state where the ventilation space 39 is exposed on the back surface of the internal heat insulating material 90.
As shown in detail in FIG. 6, even when the tile material 10 is laid vertically and horizontally on the outer wall surface, the ventilation space 39 of each tile material 10 communicates with both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the outer wall surface. .

Rain or water spray may be applied to the outer wall surface, and moisture may enter from the gap between the tile materials 10 to the back side of the tile material 10. The tile material 10 absorbs moisture, and the absorbed moisture is also released from the back surface side of the tile material 10 into the internal space. There is a sealed space on the back side of the tile material 10, and condensation may occur when the space is heated or cooled.
Even in such a case, the moisture that has entered the back side of the tile material 10 can be carried away by ventilation as long as the air freely flows through the back side of the tile material 10 by the ventilation space 39. Moisture absorbed by the tile material 10 is also carried away by the air flowing in contact with the tile material 10. Since the tile material 10 does not easily absorb water, the occurrence of frost damage can be prevented. Condensation is unlikely to occur if there is ventilation. Even if condensation occurs, it can be immediately carried away with ventilation. Even if the base bar 52 and the outer wall base material 50 are materials that are easy to absorb moisture, such as wood, and that are easily deteriorated or corroded by moisture absorption, the problem of moisture absorption and corrosion can be reduced.

In particular, even if moisture such as rainwater is absorbed into the internal heat insulating material 90 provided to improve the heat insulating property or condensation is generated inside, the surface of the internal heat insulating material 90 adjacent to the ventilation space 39. Since the air passes through while being in contact with each other, moisture and moisture can be taken away from the internal heat insulating material 90 and carried away. It is possible to prevent the internal heat insulating material 90 from deteriorating and generating mold inside.
Even if strong heating or cooling from the outdoor side is transmitted to the back surface side of the tile material 10, the air flowing through the ventilation space 39 takes away heat or supplies heat, and the outer wall base material 50. Heat transfer from the inside to the inside can be effectively blocked.

In addition, in the upper part and the lower part of the outer wall surface, the ventilation space 39 communicates with an outdoor space or an underfloor space. In the upper part, it communicates with the outdoor space from under the eaves through the attic space. As a result, rainwater or the like does not enter the ventilation space between the tile material 10 including the ventilation space 39 and the outer wall base material 50 from the outside.
[Adhesive mounting of tile material]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the screw nails 60 are not used for mounting and fixing the tile material 10 and the base frame 52.
An adhesive layer 58 is provided between the surface of the outer wall base material 50 and the back surface of the base crosspiece 52 to bond the base crosspiece 52 to the outer wall basestock 50. Specifically, the adhesive is applied by arranging and pressing on the surface of the outer wall base material 50 in a state where an adhesive is applied to the entire back surface of the base bar 52.

After the adhesive is applied to the surface of the base frame 52 arranged in a grid, the tile material 10 is fixed to the base frame 52 by pressing the back-side convex portions 32 and 34 of the tile material 10 against the base frame 52. The
By adopting such a mounting structure, the planar outer wall base material 50, the grid-like base bar 52, and the tile material 10 covering each grid of the base bar 52 are integrated, and the surface direction of the wall surface The strength and deformation resistance in can be greatly improved.
The fixation with the screw nail 60 is a point-like fixation depending on the position of the screw nail 60. For example, there is a possibility that the base frame 52 with respect to the outer wall base material 50 and the tile material 10 with respect to the base frame 52 can be displaced, rotated, or deformed to some extent at portions other than the fixed points. is there.

On the other hand, in the above-described attachment structure by bonding, the outer wall base material 50, the base crosspiece 52, and the tile material 10 are firmly fixed and joined to each other by the adhesive layer 58 with respect to the entire contact surfaces. It is difficult to rotate, rotate, or deform, and the whole constitutes one kind of rigid structure, so that the strength and the deformation resistance are improved.
In the case of this structure, the tile material 10 does not need to be provided with the attachment hole 36, the spot facing portion 37, and the filling recess 38. As a result, it is possible to expand the ventilation space 39 to the position of the mounting hole 36 and improve the air permeability.
It should be noted that the attachment and fixing of the tile material 10 and the base bar 52 can be achieved by both means with the adhesive layer 58 of the screw nail 60. A stronger attachment is possible.

The specific Example of this invention and the result of having evaluated the performance are shown.
[Frost damage test of tile materials]
The frost damage resistance of the tile material 10 made of hardened cement was evaluated.
<Tile material and manufacturing process>
The tile material having the material and shape described in the above section <Specific example of tile material for outer wall> was manufactured. Cement, aggregate, fine aggregate, vinylon fiber, etc. were combined in the usual amount of the tile material. Tile materials having different specific gravities were manufactured by changing the composition of the tile materials.
<Measurement of basic characteristics>
The specific gravity, plane tensile strength, and water absorption rate of the obtained specimen were measured by a conventional method.

<Frost damage test>
The test was carried out in accordance with JIS-A1435 “Air Thawed Water Thaw Test”. The test was conducted under the condition that the test body was saturated. The state after 300 cycles was observed and evaluated.
The results are shown in Table 1.

<Evaluation>
(1) The tile material made of hardened cement tends to improve the flat tensile strength, decrease the water absorption, and improve the frost resistance as the specific gravity increases.
(2) The tile material used in areas where there is a risk of frost damage needs to have a specific gravity of 1.3 or more, and preferably has a specific gravity of 1.5 or more.
(3) If there is no concern about frost damage, Test Example 1 has sufficient strength for practical use.
However, since the water absorption rate is high, moisture easily reaches the inside of the wall.
(4) Although this test was evaluated with the tile material saturated, in actual construction conditions, even if the tile material such as rain is absorbed, if it dries quickly, frost damage hardly occurs. Moreover, in this test, the back surface and side edges of the tile material were released, but in the actual construction state, the back surface side and side edges of the tile material may be blocked. The water permeability test described in the next section is evaluated in a state close to the tile construction conditions.

(Water permeability test)
A test for evaluating the water permeability of the outer wall tile material and the drying property after water absorption was performed.
<Material and manufacturing process of specimen>
A specimen was manufactured from the material described in the above section <Specific example of tile material for outer wall>. Specifically, cement, aggregate, fine aggregate, vinylon fiber, etc. were combined in a normal blending amount. However, the shape is simplified.
The obtained specimen has a rectangular plate shape of 300 mm × 200 mm × 8 mm (thickness) and has a surface coating film with a thickness of 80 to 140 μm.

<Measurement of water permeability>
The water permeability of the surface coating film is measured. A 150 mm square tube was fixed to the surface of the surface coating film of the test body in a state waterproofed with a sealant. Water was poured into a square tube up to a water level of 10 cm, and after 24 hours, the water was discarded, and moisture remaining on the surface of the surface coating film was wiped off. The amount of weight increase before and after the test was measured, and the water permeability was determined by the following equation.
Water permeability (g / m ² ) = (weight after test−weight before test) /0.15 ² (1)
The water permeability of the test specimen was 100 g / m ² .
<Drying evaluation test>
The test specimen was allowed to absorb water for 24 hours and then allowed to stand indoors. After 3 days and 6 days, the weight was measured, and the water absorption was determined by the following formula.

Moisture content (%) = [(weight after aging−weight before water absorption) / weight before water absorption] × 100
(2)
Measurements were made on samples with different environmental conditions, such as placing a heat insulating material on the back side of the test piece, and closing the side edges of the four sides, that is, the ends, with a sealing agent for joint gaps.
Backside insulation:
A heat insulating material made of expanded polystyrene and having a thickness of 10 mm was adhered to the back surface of the specimen.
Measurement was performed with the whole back surface of the test body covered with a heat insulating material (entire surface) and the back surface of the test body covered with a heat insulating material except for 10 mm from the periphery (with a gap of 10 mm around the periphery). It was.

Kiguchi seal:
Measurements were performed with a joint urethane-based sealing agent applied to the end faces on the four sides of the test specimen (with a lip seal) and without a sealing agent (without a lip seal).
The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

<Evaluation>
(1) The smaller the moisture content after the elapse of time, the faster the moisture absorbed in the tile material is evaporated and removed to return to the dry state. If moisture does not remain absorbed in the tile material, the water absorption rate evaluated in the test in the previous section is kept low. Problems caused by frost damage are unlikely to occur. Mold and performance degradation are unlikely to occur.
(2) If the conditions of the backside insulation and the lip seal are the same, the moisture content after aging decreases as the test piece with higher specific gravity is used, and the moisture absorbed in the tile material is quickly evaporated and removed. The

(2) The backside heat insulating material has a gap around the periphery so that moisture can be evaporated from the backside of the tile material, the moisture content after aging will decrease, and moisture can be removed quickly.
(3) By removing the mouth seal and allowing the moisture to evaporate from the tile's mouth, the moisture content after aging decreases and moisture is removed more quickly.
(4) When the specific gravity is large, the structure of the backside heat insulating material and the lip seal is not significantly affected, and the moisture content after aging is always low, and moisture is removed quickly. If the specific gravity is 1.7 or more, the backside heat insulating material is present on the entire surface, and there is not much concern about frost damage even if the end seal is used. Even if the specific gravity is small, the problem of frost damage can be made difficult to occur by providing a gap in the back surface heat insulating material.

  (5) It is most effective to provide a gap in the backside heat insulating material, not to provide a mouth seal, and to increase the specific gravity in order to quickly release moisture, maintain a dry state, and thus prevent frost damage.

  The tile material for outer wall and the outer wall structure of the present invention can be applied, for example, to exterior finishing construction of an outer wall in a general house, is easy to construct, has high heat insulation properties, is difficult for water to enter from the outside, and water enters. However, it is difficult for the tile material to remain wet, and it is possible to construct an outer wall from which water is easily discharged.

Cross-sectional structure diagram of a construction state of an outer wall tile material representing an embodiment of the present invention Top view of exterior wall tiles Partial cross-sectional front view from the back side convex part side Rear view Front view showing the connected state of tiles for outer walls Rear view Front view showing the mounting state of the outer wall tile material to the outer wall base material Cross-sectional structure diagram of the construction state representing another embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Tile material for outer walls 20 Surface plate part 22, 24 Front side convex part 26 Joint gap 28 Surface decorative layer 30 Back surface frame part 32, 34 Back side convex part 36 Mounting hole 37 Counterbore part 38 Filling recessed part 39 Ventilation space 40 Caulking agent 50 Outer wall Base material 52 Base frame 58 Adhesive layer 60 Countersunk screw nail 90 Internal heat insulating material

Claims (10)

It is a tile material constructed side by side on the outer wall surface of a building,
The whole is a roughly rectangular plate,
A front-side convex portion and a back-side convex portion, which are arranged on opposite sides and become tiled joints connecting the tile materials in the surface direction;
A tile material for an outer wall provided with an internal heat insulating material disposed on the back side of the tile material inside the front side convex portion and the back side convex portion. The tile material for an outer wall according to claim 1, comprising a hardened fiber-containing cement having a specific gravity of 1.3 or more. The protrusion lengths L1 and L2 of the front side convex part and the back side convex part are in the range of 7 to 50 mm, respectively.
The tile material for an outer wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the protruding length L2 of the back side convex portion is 7 to 50 mm longer than the protruding length L1 of the front side convex portion. Between the side end surface of the internal heat insulating material and the inner end surface of the back side convex portion facing it, and the back side convex portion in another tile material facing the side end surface of the internal heat insulating material during construction of the tile material The tile material for outer walls according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap G of 3 to 30 mm is provided between the inner end surface of the outer wall. The tile material for an outer wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a ventilation space penetrating in a plane direction between opposing sides on the back side. The tile material for an outer wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an attachment hole that penetrates from the front surface to the rear surface of the convex portion on the back side and through which a fixture to the outer wall base surface is inserted. The tile material for an outer wall according to claim 6, further comprising a filling concave portion that is disposed so as to surround the attachment hole on the back surface side of the back side convex portion, is recessed from the back surface of the back side convex portion, and is filled with a caulking agent. The said attachment hole is arrange | positioned in the position blocked | closed with the said front side convex part of the tile material arrange | positioned adjacently, when tile material is arranged and constructed in the outer wall surface of a building. Tile material for exterior walls. An outer wall structure using the tile material for an outer wall according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
An interior material layer disposed indoors;
A heat insulating material layer disposed on the outer surface side of the inner layer material layer; and
An outer wall base material disposed on the outer surface side of the heat insulating material layer;
And an outer wall tile material disposed on the outer surface side of the outer wall base material,
The tile material for the outer wall is arranged on the upper side of the tile material fixed to the outer wall base material in the posture in which the inner heat insulating material is arranged toward the back side and the front side convex portion is on the lower side. The outer wall structure which arrange | positions the said front side convex part on the surface of a back side convex part. The surface of the outer wall base material is further arranged in a grid pattern in the vertical and horizontal directions, further comprising a base bar bonded to the surface of the outer wall base material,
The outer wall structure according to claim 9, wherein the tile material for the outer wall is bonded to the surface of the base rail.

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