JP2005333677A - Base station apparatus in mobile communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel invention related to spread and transmission of signal by a base station. <P>SOLUTION: A base station having a plurality of sectors each transmitting a signal consisting of a plurality of frames generates a signal, spreads the generated signal using a long code and then transmits the spread signal. Phase of the long code is differentiated among the plurality of sectors when spread, and frame transmission timing is differentiated among the plurality of sectors when transmitted. Furthermore, the signal is transmitted using a plurality of channels in one sector and the frame transmission timing is differentiated among the plurality of channels when transmitted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a base station apparatus in a mobile communication system, and more particularly to a base station apparatus capable of communicating with a mobile station by high-speed digital communication using CDMA.

  In mobile communication systems, radio base stations have been speeded up with new communication systems such as CDMA due to recent advances in digital communication technology. In addition, the fixed station side is also digitized, and a new switching network such as an ATM network has been used.

  There is a need for a new base station apparatus that can cope with such technical progress.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a novel base station based on digital technology capable of performing high-speed communication, which is optimal for communication with a mobile station by CDMA and with a control station by ATM.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, in a digital radio communication system, a known pilot symbol is transmitted at regular intervals, the receiving side receives the pilot symbol, and synchronous detection is performed using the received pilot symbol. The number of pilot symbols transmitted periodically is changed according to a transmission rate.

  As a result, it is possible to optimize the trade-off between the deterioration of the accuracy of synchronous detection due to the decrease in the number of pilot symbols and the increase in overhead due to the decrease in the number of pilot symbols.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the digital radio communication system, the transmitting side transmits a known pilot symbol for each slot of a fixed period, and configures a frame by a plurality of the slots. The pilot symbol is received and synchronous detection is performed using the received pilot symbol, and the pilot symbol is composed of a known pilot symbol part and a synchronization word part for frame synchronization. Features.

  The pilot symbol part and the frame synchronization part may be alternately transmitted at a fixed length within the pilot symbol. Further, the receiving side performs synchronous detection by the already-used pilot symbol part, and after the frame synchronization is obtained by the synchronous word part, the synchronous word part is also used for synchronous detection.

  In this way, by setting the synchronization word as a part of the pilot symbol, an increase in synchronization processing overhead can be prevented.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a mobile communication system using digital wireless communication, mapping for performing a plurality of logical channels for transmitting information broadcast from a base station on one physical channel is transmitted on each logical channel. It is characterized by changing according to the data change frequency.

  The mapping can be performed by changing the appearance frequency of logical channels, and the position of at least one logical channel can be made constant.

  The information broadcast on the logical channel is, for example, the amount of uplink interference power, and is control channel information of an adjacent cell or own cell.

  By comprising in this way, transmission according to the property of the information to alert | report becomes possible, and it can transmit efficiently.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a mobile communication system using digital radio communication,
A feature is that the number of radio frames having a fixed time length of a physical channel constituting a unit which is a processing unit of a logical channel is changed according to a transmission rate.

  With this configuration, it is possible to optimize the unit to which the error detection code (CRC) is applied, and the processing overhead is reduced.

  The fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in a mobile communication system using CDMA, the same short code and different long code are used as spreading codes for the in-phase component and the quadrature component.

  The different long code can be a phase shifted code.

  With this configuration, it is not necessary to use unnecessary short codes with limited resources.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the mobile communication system using digital radio communication, the frame transmission timing of the physical channel from the base station to the mobile station is delayed by a random time for each sector in the same base station. It is characterized by.

  Further, it is possible to delay each individual physical channel by a random time determined at the time of call setup.

  Thus, by randomly delaying, when there is a physical channel that is transmitted intermittently, the interference power can be uniformly distributed in time, and collision between signals is reduced.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-code transmission system that communicates with one mobile station using a plurality of physical channels that use different spreading codes in a mobile communication system that uses CDMA. A pilot symbol and a transmission power control command are transmitted on one of the physical channels, and the plurality of physical channels are combined to perform synchronous detection using the same pilot symbol and transmission power control using the same transmission power command. And

  In the one physical channel, the transmission power of the part for sending the pilot symbol and the transmission power control command is made larger than the transmission power of the other data part. For example, the transmission power of the part that transmits the pilot symbol and the transmission power control command is set to be the number of multicodes times the transmission power of the other data part.

  Further, in a multi-code transmission system that communicates with one mobile station using a plurality of physical channels in a mobile communication system using CDMA, the same pilot symbol and the same transmission power control command for the plurality of physical channels Only the pilot symbols and the transmission power control command parts of the plurality of physical channels are spread and transmitted using the same spreading code, and the plurality of physical channels are combined to perform synchronous detection and the same transmission power using the same pilot symbols. It is characterized by performing transmission power control by a command.

  In this way, multicode transmission can be performed efficiently.

  An eighth aspect of the present invention is a transmission power control system in a mobile communication system using CDMA. The base station performs transmission power control according to a predetermined pattern until synchronization is established in the base station. When synchronization is established, the mobile station receives a transmission power command based on the SIR measurement result in the mobile station, controls transmission power based on the transmission power command, and transmits a transmission power command based on the SIR measurement result in the base station. The transmission power control is performed from the value, and after synchronization is established, a transmission power command based on the SIR measurement result in the mobile station is transmitted.

  The predetermined pattern is a pattern in which the transmission power is rapidly increased until reaching a predetermined value, and thereafter the transmission power is gradually increased, and is variable in the base station.

  The initial value in the mobile station can be the one sent from the base station.

  In addition, a transmission power command sequence having a predetermined second pattern is transmitted until synchronization is established in the base station, and the mobile station can control the transmission power by the transmitted transmission power control command. The transmission power command string of the second pattern can be made variable by the base station.

  The transmission power control in the mobile station until the synchronization in the base station is established can be a pattern predetermined for the mobile station.

  Thus, since downlink power control is gradually increased, there is little influence on communication with other mobile stations. In addition, since it is divided into two stages, synchronization can be established quickly. Since power control is performed under the initiative of the base station, it is possible to select an optimal control pattern. When the control pattern is fixed at the mobile station, the configuration becomes simple.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in a mobile communication system using packet digital radio communication between a base station and a mobile station, the base station needs to determine and switch the physical radio channel to be used In this case, the physical radio channel to be used is switched in the base station, and the control is performed between the base station and the mobile station, and connection control for the wired section from the base station is not performed.

  The switching can be performed according to the amount of traffic between the base station and the mobile station. Further, the physical radio channel to be used may be a common physical radio channel and a plurality of dedicated physical radio channels.

  As described above, since the switching control of the present invention is performed only by the base station (BTS), switching control is not performed between wired sections (for example, between the base station and the control station (BSC)). Therefore, the control load in the switching control can be reduced, and the switching control can be speeded up.

1. System overview
1.1. W-CDMA wireless base station equipment (BTS)
The wireless base station of the present invention communicates with a mobile station by W-CDMA (Wide Code Division Multiple Access) and communicates with a control / switching station by using ATM (asynchronous transfermode). (BTS).
1.2. Abbreviations Explanations of abbreviations used in this specification are shown in Table 1.

2. Construction
2.1. Functional configuration The base station has the configuration shown in Fig. 1. The BTS in FIG. 1 is the functional configuration of the base station apparatus of the present invention. The following content shows the functional configuration and does not necessarily limit the hardware configuration. The MCC in FIG. 1 indicates a control / switching apparatus that controls the base station.
2.2. Function overview Table 2 shows the function overview of each part.

3. Operating conditions
3.1. Startup process
^{* When the} power is turned on, the base station device resets autonomously.
^{* When the} CPU is reset, the following processing is performed by the program in the ROM.
(1) CPU internal check (2) Activation of AP (processing program) Interface conditions
4.1. Wireless interface
4.1.1. Main specifications Table 3 shows the main specifications of the radio interface between the mobile station and the base station.

4.1.2. Radio channel configuration
4.1.2.1. Logical channel configuration Figure 2 shows the logical channel configuration.
4.1.2.1.1. Broadcast channels 1 and 2 (BCCHl, BCCH2)
The broadcast channel (BCCH) is a unidirectional channel for broadcasting system control information for each cell or sector from the base station to the mobile station. By this broadcast channel, information whose contents change with time such as SFN (System Frame Number) and uplink interference power amount is transmitted.
4.1.2.1.2. Paging Channel (PCH)
The paging channel (PCH) is a one-way channel that simultaneously transfers the same information from a base station to a mobile station over a wide area. This channel is used for paging.
4.1.2.1.3. Downlink Access Channel-Long (FACH-L)
This channel is a one-way channel for transmitting control information or user packet data from the base station to the mobile station. This channel is used when the mobile station's serving cell is known on the network side. This channel is used when a relatively large amount of information is transmitted.
4.1.2.1.4. Downlink access channel-short (FACH-S)
This channel is a one-way channel for transmitting control information or user packet data from the base station to the mobile station. This channel is used when the mobile station's serving cell is known on the network side. It is used when a relatively small amount of information is transmitted.
4.1.2.1.5. Random Access Channel-Long (RACH-L)
This channel is a one-way channel for transmitting control information or user packet data from the mobile station to the base station. This channel is used when the mobile station has solved the serving cell. Used when a relatively large amount of information is transmitted.
4.1.2.1.6. Random Access Channel-Short (RACH-S)
This channel is a one-way channel for transmitting control information or user packet data from the mobile station to the base station. This channel is used when the mobile station is unlocking the serving cell. This channel is used when a relatively small amount of information is transmitted.
4.1.2.1.7. Isolated Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)
This channel is a point-to-point bi-directional channel and carries control information. This channel occupies one physical channel.
4.1.2.1.8. Associated Control Channel (ACCH)
This channel is a point-to-point bi-directional channel and carries control information. This channel is a control channel associated with a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) described later.
4.1.2.1.9. Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
This channel is a point-to-point bi-directional channel and carries user information.
4.1.2.1.10. User Packet Channel (UPCH)
This channel is a point-to-point bi-directional channel that carries user packet data.
4.1.2.2. Physical channel configuration Figure 3 shows the physical channel configuration. Table 4 shows the characteristics of each physical channel.

4.1.2.2.1. Perch channel The perch channel is a physical channel subject to reception level measurement for mobile station cell selection. Furthermore, this channel is a physical channel that is first acquired when the mobile station is powered on. In the perch channel, in order to increase the speed of cell selection at start-up in the mobile station, the first perch channel that is spread with the only short code in the system and is always transmitted, and the short code corresponding to the downlink long code There is a second perch channel that is spread over and transmitted only in some symbol portions. This channel is a one-way physical channel from the base station to the mobile station.

The short code used in the second perch channel is different from the short code system used in other physical channels.
4.1.2.2.2. Common control physical channel This channel is used in competition by multiple mobile stations located in the same sector. Uplink is random access.
4.1.2.2.3. Dedicated physical channel The dedicated physical channel is set point-to-point between the mobile station and the base station.
4.1.2.3. Physical channel signal format All physical channels have a three-layer structure consisting of a superframe, radio frame, and time slot. The radio frame or time slot configuration (number of pilot symbols) varies depending on the physical channel and symbol rate. A signal format other than the physical channel for uplink common control is shown in FIG.

  The relationship between the symbol rate and the number of pilot symbols will be described with reference to FIGS.

5 and 6 show simulation results for different numbers of pilot symbols versus symbol rate. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show results for physical channels with different symbol rates, and are simulation results for physical channels of 32 ksps (Symbol Per Second) and 128 ksps, respectively. 5 and 6, the horizontal axis represents the number of pilot symbols included per 1 time slot (0.625 msec). The vertical axis represents the required Eb / Io, and the ratio (Eb / Io) between the received power (Eb) required per bit after error correction and the interference power (Io) per unit frequency band in a situation where the required quality is satisfied. ). Eb is a value obtained by dividing the total received power amount by the number of bits after error correction, and overhead such as pilot symbols is also considered as part of the received power. As the Eb / Io value is smaller, the required quality can be satisfied with smaller received power, which is more effective in terms of capacity. The required quality is set to BER = 10 ⁻³ considering that the 32 ksps physical channel is for voice transmission, and BER = 10 ⁻⁶ considering that the 128 ksps physical channel is for data transmission. Radio wave propagation conditions are the same in both figures.

  At either symbol rate, the capacity can be maximized by a trade-off between the degradation of synchronous detection accuracy by reducing the number of pilot symbols and the increase in overhead by increasing the number of pilot symbols. There is an optimum number of pilot symbols that can be made. The optimum value of the number of pilot symbols is 6 at 32 ksps and 16 at 128 ksps, and varies depending on the symbol rate. The ratio of the optimal number of pilot symbols to the total number of symbols is 30% at 32 ksps and 20% at 128 ksps, and the ratio also differs depending on the symbol rate.

  When the number of pilot symbols or the proportion thereof is fixedly assigned regardless of the symbol rate, the capacity is deteriorated at any symbol rate.

  As described above, since the optimum number of pilot symbols and the ratio of pilot symbols differ according to the symbol rate, the configuration shown in FIG. 4 is used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows the radio frame and time slot signal format of the physical channel for uplink common control. The numbers in the figure represent the number of symbols.
4.1.2.3.1. Superframe A superframe consists of 64 radio frames and is determined based on the SFN described later.

First radio frame of superframe: SFN mod 64 = 0
Superframe last radio frame: SFN mod 64 = 63
4.1.2.3.2. Pilot symbol and synchronization word (SW)
^* Pilot symbol patterns are shown in Table 5. The shaded part in the table is a sync word (SW) for frame synchronization. The symbol pattern of pilot symbols other than the synchronization word (SW) is “11”.
^{* As} shown in Table 5, overhead is reduced and data transmission efficiency is improved by sending pilot symbols and synchronization words together. Furthermore, after the frame synchronization is established, the synchronous word portion can be handled as a known fixed pattern, so the synchronous word portion can also be used as a pilot symbol for synchronous detection. Does not deteriorate.
^* Processing on the receiving side when the synchronization word (SW) and the pilot symbol are sent together will be described below.

  1. First, despreading processing is performed at a plurality of timings, and the chip synchronization is captured by searching for the despreading timing with the largest correlation value. Thereafter, the despreading process is performed at the captured timing.

  2. The phase rotation amount is estimated using a pilot symbol (a pilot symbol other than the synchronization word (SW)) that is a fixed pattern, and the synchronization detection is performed using the estimated value, and the synchronization word (SW) is demodulated. For a demodulation method using the estimated value of the phase rotation amount, refer to Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-140569 “Synchronous detection device”.

  3. Frame synchronization is established using the demodulated synchronization word (SW). Specifically, the degree of matching of the demodulated synchronization word (SW) bit string with a predetermined pattern is examined to determine whether the bit string is plausible in consideration of the bit error rate.

  4). After the frame synchronization is established, the bit string of the synchronization word (SW) is self-evident and can be handled in the same manner as a fixed pattern that is a pilot symbol. After this, the phase rotation amount is estimated using all including the synchronization word (SW) as pilot symbols, and synchronous detection is performed to demodulate the data portion.

^{* In} Table 5, the transmission order is “I ′” and “Q” in order from left to right.
^{* In the} downlink common control physical channel, burst transmission can be performed in units of radio frames. At the time of burst transmission, a pilot symbol is added to the end of the burst. The number of symbols and the symbol pattern of pilot symbols to be added are the patterns of slot # 1 in Table 5.
^{* The} physical channel for uplink common control is one burst in one radio frame. Therefore, a pilot symbol is added at the end of one radio frame. The number of symbols and the symbol pattern of pilot symbols to be added are the patterns of slot # 1 in Table 5.
4.1.2.3.3. TPC Symbols Table 6 shows the relationship between the transmission power control (TPC) symbol pattern and the transmission power control amount.

4.1.2.3.4. Long code mask symbol
^* Long code and mask symbols are spread only with short codes, and long codes are not used.
^* The perch channel symbols other than the long code mask symbol use the short code of the hierarchical orthogonal code sequence shown in FIG. use. Details are described in 4.1.4.1.3.
^{* The} long code mask symbol is included in 1 symbol per slot only in the first and second perch channels, and its symbol pattern is “11”.
^{* The} perch channel uses two spreading codes, each transmitting a long code mask symbol. In particular, only the long code mask symbol portion is transmitted on the second perch channel, and other symbols are not transmitted.
4.1.2.4. Mapping of logical channels onto physical channels Figure 8 shows the correspondence between physical channels and mapped logical channels.
4.1.2.4.1. Perch channel Figure 9 shows an example of logical channel mapping on the perch channel.
^* Only BCCH1 and BCCH2 are mapped.
^* BCCH1 is always mapped to the top of the superframe.
^* For mapping other than BCCH1 at the top of the superframe, BCCH1 or BCCH2 is mapped according to the specified structure information.
^{* Since} BCCH1 and BCCH2 constitute one radio unit with two radio frames, they are transmitted in succession by 2 × N radio frames and transmit one layer 3 message.
Layer 3 messages transmitted on BCCH1 and BCCH2 do not cross superframes.
^* BCCH1 and BCCH2 transmit, for example, the following information generated by the BTS for each wireless unit.
^* SFN (System Frame Number)
^* Uplink interference power transmission contents vary with time. The uplink interference power amount is the latest measurement result measured by the BTS.
^* BCCH1 and BCCH2 can be different in the nature of the information to be sent. For example, BCCH1 can send information that does not change over time, and BCCH2 can send information that changes over time. In this case, BCCH1 and BCCH2 can change the frequency of appearance (frequency of transmission), BCCH1 is less frequent, and BCCH2 can efficiently send information that changes when the frequency is increased. The appearance frequency of BCCH1 and BCCH2 can be determined by the frequency with which information changes. Further, BCCH1 can be arranged at predetermined positions in the superframe, for example, at the top and middle two places, and BCCH2 can be arranged at all other positions. Information that does not change with time includes, for example, the code number of the control channel of the adjacent cell or the own cell. The uplink interference power amount is information that changes with time.
^{* In the} above description, an example in which two broadcast channels (BCCH1 and BCCH2) are provided is described, but three or more broadcast channels may be provided. These plurality of broadcast channels can be sent at different appearance frequencies.
4.1.2.4.2. Physical channel for common control
^* Only PCH and FACH are mapped to the physical channel for downlink common control. RACH is mapped to the physical channel for uplink common control.
^* Only one of FACH or PCH is mapped to one downlink common control physical channel.
^* Whether the logical channel mapped on one downlink common control physical channel is for PCH or FACH is designated for each set common control physical channel.
^* One downlink common control physical channel to which the FACH is mapped and one uplink common control physical channel are used as a pair. The designation of the pair is designated as a spreading code pair. The designation of this pair is a correspondence as a physical channel, and the correspondence is not limited for the size (S / L) of FACH and RACH. The FACH received by one mobile station and the RACH to be transmitted use the FACH on the downlink common control physical channel and the RACH on the uplink common control physical channel as a pair. In the Ack transmission process for the received RACH from the BTS, which will be described later, Ack is transmitted by FACH-S on the downlink common control physical channel that is paired with the uplink common control physical channel to which the received RACH is transmitted.
4.1.2.4.2.1. Mapping method of PCH to physical channel for common control Figure 10 shows the mapping method of PCH.
^* PCH is divided into a plurality of groups within one superframe, and layer 3 information is transmitted for each group.
^{* The} number of groups is 256 per physical channel for common control.
^* Each group of PCH has an amount of information corresponding to 4 time slots, and is composed of 6 information sections including two incoming / outgoing presence / absence display sections (PD section) and four destination user identification number sections (I section). ^{* In} each group, the PD part is transmitted prior to the I part.
^{* In} all groups, the six information parts are arranged in a predetermined pattern in the range of 24 slots. A plurality of groups are arranged on one common control physical channel while shifting the pattern over 24 slots by 4 slots.
^{* A} group of PCHs is arranged so that the top symbol of the superframe becomes the top symbol of the PD part of the group of PCHs. The PCH of each group is sequentially arranged in the PCH radio frame while sequentially shifting by 4 time slots.
^* The tail group of the group number is arranged across the superframe.
4.1.2.4.2.2. FACH Mapping Method to Common Control Physical Channel FIG. 11 shows an example of FACH mapping.
^* Any FACH radio frame on one common physical channel can be used for either the FACH-L or FACH-S logical channel. At any time, the logical channel with the earliest transmission request is transmitted in the radio frame for FACH.
^* FACH-L is used when the information length to be transmitted by FACH is longer than a predetermined value, and FACH-S is used when the information length is shorter than the predetermined value.
^* FACH-S is transmitted with 4FACH-S time-multiplexed in one FACH radio frame.
^* One FACH-S is composed of 4 time slots, and is arranged at intervals of 4 time slots in one radio frame. Further, each of the four FACH-Ss are arranged while being shifted by one slot. The time slots used by the four FACH-S are as follows.

1st FACH-S: 1st, 5th, 9th, 13th time slot 2nd FACH-S: 2nd, 6th, 10th, 14th time slot 3rd FACH-S: 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th time slot 4th FACH-S: 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th time slots
^{* If} the logical channel with the earliest request for transmission is FACH-S, the other FACH-S stored in the buffer at that time must be multiplexed and transmitted in the same FACH radio frame for a maximum of 4 hours. Can do. FACH-L is also accumulated at that time, and FACH-S in which a transmission request is generated later than the transmission request timing of FACH-L can be multiplexed and transmitted.
^{* The} mobile station can simultaneously receive all FACH-S and FACH-L on one common control physical channel. Even when a plurality of common control physical channels for FACH transmission are transmitted from the base station, the mobile station only needs to receive one common control physical channel. The mobile station and the BTS match which of the plurality of common control physical channels for FACH transmission is received.
^* FACH-S has a two-mode transmission format. One is a format (layer 3 transmission mode) for transmitting specified layer 3 or higher information. The other is a format (ACK mode) for transmitting ACK in response to RACH reception. ^* ACK for up to 7 mobile stations can be installed in FACH-S in ACK mode.
^* FACH-S in ACK mode is always transmitted in the first FACH-S.
^* FACH-S in ACK mode is transmitted with the highest priority even when the transmission request timing is later than other FACHs.
^{* If the} amount of information in the upper information form (CPS) transmitted by the FACH radio unit is equivalent to a plurality of FACH radio units, continuous transmission in time is guaranteed. No other CPS is interrupted and transmitted in the middle. The ACK mode FACH-S is transmitted with the highest priority as described above, but is not transmitted by interruption.
^{* When} one CPS is transmitted by multiple FACH radio units, only one of FACH-L or FACH-S is used, and both FACH-L and FACH-S are not used together.
^{* When} one CPS is continuously transmitted using a plurality of FACH-S radio units, the n + 1st FACH-S radio unit is connected to the nth FACH-S radio unit. However, the first FACH-S wireless unit is connected to the fourth FACH-S wireless unit.
4.1.2.4.2.3. Mapping method of RACH to physical channel for common control
^* RACH-S is mapped to 16ksps uplink common control physical channel.
RACH-L is mapped to a 64ksps uplink common control physical channel. Both RACH-S and RACH-L consist of one radio frame (10ms). However, at the time of radio section transmission, a pilot symbol of 4 symbols is added to the end of the radio frame and transmitted.
^* When transmitting a RACH, the mobile station freely uses RACH-L and RACH-S according to the amount of transmission information.
^{* When the} base station normally receives RACH-L or RACH-S, it transmits Ack to the mobile station via FACH. The correspondence between RACH and FACH that transmits Ack is specified by assigning the same RL-ID to both channels.
^* The RACH transmission frame timing of the mobile station is a timing delayed by a predetermined offset with respect to the frame timing of the common control physical channel that maps the FACH that transmits the Ack. There are 16 types of offset values. The mobile station can randomly select one timing among a plurality of types of offsets and transmit the RACH.
^{* The} base station needs to have a function of simultaneously receiving RACH-L and RACH-S at all types of offset timing.
4.1.2.4.3. Individual physical channel
^* SDCCH and UPCH occupy one dedicated physical channel.
^{* For} dedicated physical channels of 32 to 256ksps, DTCH and ACCH are time multiplexed and share one dedicated channel.
^{* The} dedicated physical channels of 512ksps and 1024ksps are not multiplexed with the ACCH and are exclusively used with the DTCH.
^{* For} time multiplexing of DTCH and ACCH, logical channel symbols in a time slot are divided and used for each time slot. The division ratio differs for each symbol rate of the dedicated physical channel. FIG. 12 shows a method of mapping DTCH and ACCH to dedicated physical channels.
^{* The} number of radio frames constituting the ACCH radio unit varies depending on the symbol rate of the dedicated physical channel. The ACCH radio unit is arranged in synchronization with the superframe, and is divided and arranged in accordance with the number of time slots over all time slots in one or a plurality of radio frames. FIG. 13 shows a method of mapping the ACCH to the superframe of the dedicated physical channel for each symbol rate.
^{* The} number of radio frames constituting a radio unit differs for each symbol rate because an error detection code (CRC) is assigned to each radio unit, and errors are detected and corrected in this unit. This is because increasing the number of radio units for (64 radio frames) increases the error processing overhead (see FIGS. 72 to 74 for the ACCH coding process).
Another reason is that if the number of wireless units for one superframe is increased even though the symbol rate is small, the ratio of error detection codes increases and the amount of information to be transmitted substantially decreases.
^* At the time of multi-code transmission, the ACCH radio unit does not straddle between physical channels, and is transmitted only by one specific code (physical channel). One specific code is specified.
4.1.2.5. Logical Channel Coding FIGS. 64 to 84 show the coding process of each logical channel performed in the base station (BTS).
4.1.2.5.1. Error Detection Code (CRC)
The error detection code (CRC) is added for each CPSPDU (common part sublayer protocol data unit), inner coding unit, or selective combining unit.
4.1.2.5.1.1. Generator polynomial (1) 16bit CRC
^* Applicable to: CPSPDU for all logical channels except DTCH and PCH, UPCH inner coding unit for all symbol rates, 32ksps DTCH selective combining unit, SDCCH, FACH-S / L, RACH-S / L inner coding unit
^* Generator ^{polynomial: GCRC16 (X) = X 16} + X 12 + X 5 +1
(2) 14bit CRC
^* Applicable to: ACCH at all symbol rates
^* Generator ^{polynomial: GCRC14 (X) = X 14} + X 13 + X 5 + X 3 + X 2 +1
(3) 13bit CRC
^* Applicable to: 64/128 / 256ksps DTCH selective synthesis unit
^* Generator polynomial:
^{GCRC13 (X) = X 13 +} X 12 + X 7 + X 6 + X 5 + X 4 + X 2 +1
(4) 8bit CRC
^* Applicable to: PCH CSPPDU
^* Generator ^{polynomial: GCRC8 (X) = X 8} + X 7 + X 2 +1
4.1.2.5.1.2. Scope of CRC calculation
^* CRC per CSPPDU: CPSPDU as a whole
^* CRC for each ACCH / DTCH selection combining unit: Overall excluding tail bits.
^* SDCCH, FACH, RACH, UPCH per coding unit CRC: the whole excluding tail bits.
^{* The} CRC calculation application range and CRC bit are shaded in FIGS.
4.1.2.5.1.3. CRC check result usage
^* CRC per CSPPDU: Retransmission necessity judgment by upper layer retransmission protocol (SSc0p, layer 3 retransmission)
^* CRC per ACCH / DTCH selection combining unit: (i) Outer-loop transmission power control, (ii) Reliability information for selective combining
^* CRC per coding unit in UPCH: outer-loop transmission power control
^* RACH inner coding unit: Layer 1 retransmission
^* SDCCH inner coding unit: (i) Outer-loop transmission power control, (ii) Necessity determination of wired transmission
4.1.2.5.1.4. CRC initialization
^* The initial value of the CRC calculator is “all 0”.
4.1.2.5.2. PAD
^* Applicable to: CPSPDU for logical channels other than DTCH
^* PAD is used to make the length of CPSPDU an integral multiple of the inner coding unit length or the selected combining unit length.
^* Included in CPS PDU in 1 oct unit.
^* The bit of PAD is ALL'0 '.
4.1.2.5.3. Length
^* Applicable to: CPSPDU for logical channels other than DTCH
^{* The} length indicates the amount of padding information (number of octets) within the CPSPDU unit.
4.1.2.5.4. Wbit
^* Indicates the head, continuation, and end of the CPSPDU for each inner coding unit (ACCH is for each selected combining unit). Table 7 shows the correspondence between the Wbit bit pattern and the specified content. An example of usage is shown in FIG.
^* FIGS. 95 and 96 show flowcharts of the CSPPDU assembly processing using Wbit.

4.1.2.5.5. Inner sign
^* Inner code is convolutional coding. The convolutional encoder configuration is shown in FIG.
^* Table 8 shows the specifications of inner coding for each logical channel.
^* The output of the convolutional encoder is output in the order of output 0, output 1, and output 2. (Up to output 1 at coding rate 1/2.)
^* The initial value of the encoder shift register is “all 0”.

4.1.2.5.6. Outer coding (1) Reed-Solomon codec
^* Code format: Short code RS (36,32) from primitive RS code (255,251) defined on Galois field GF (28)
^* Primitive polynomial: p = X ⁸ + X ⁷ + X ² + X + 1
^* Code generator polynomial: G (x) = (X + α ¹²⁰ ) (X + α ¹²¹ ) (X + α ¹²² ) (X + α ¹²³ )
^* Outer encoding processing is applied only during unrestricted digital transmission in circuit switching mode. Regardless of the transmission rate, the outer encoding process is performed every 64 kbps (1B).
(2) Symbol interleaving
^* Interleaves in 8-bit symbol units.
^* The depth of interleaving is 36 symbols regardless of the DTCH symbol rate.
(3) Outer code processing synchronization
^* Data per 80ms is used as one outer code processing unit.
^* Outer code processing is processed in synchronization with the radio frame. A sequence number is assigned to each radio frame in the outer code processing unit, and numbers 0 to 7 are assigned in the order of transmission. Outer code processing synchronization is established according to this sequence number. The number of synchronization protection stages is as follows. (Default value: 2)
Number of forward protection steps: NF (default value: 2)
Number of rear protection steps: NR (default value: 2)
4.1.2.5.7. Uplink interference
^* Broadcast by BCCH1 and BCCH2.
^* Latest uplink interference amount (total received power including thermal noise) measured value for each sector
^* Measurement method is specified by measurement parameters.
^* Table 9 shows an example of the correspondence between the bit value and the uplink interference value. Bits are transmitted from the left bit in the table.
^{* If} measurement start is not specified, the bit is an idle pattern (see 4.1.10).

4.1.2.5.8. SFN (System Frame Number)
^{* The} system frame number (SFN) is reported by BCCH1 and BCCH2.
^* A value corresponding to a radio frame in one-to-one correspondence and incremented by 1 for every 10 msec radio frame.
^* The SFN value in the first radio frame in the two radio frames at the transmission timing of BCCH1 and 2 is transmitted on BCCH1 and BCCH2. FIG. 16 shows an example of SFN transmission.
^{* The} base station generates a counter value based on the timing specified in the transmission path.
^* Value range: 0 to 2 ¹⁶ −1 SFN = 2 ¹⁶ −1 The next radio frame of the radio frame has SFN = 0.
^* Bit arrangement: as shown in FIG. Sent from the MSB side of the figure.
^{* Use of} SFN value:
(1) Uplink long code phase calculation: A long code is generated by calculating the uplink long code phase at the time of outgoing / incoming connection and diversity handover as shown in 4.1.3 and FIGS.
(2) Superframe synchronization: A radio frame with an SFN value mod64 = 0 is the first frame of the superframe, and a radio frame with an SFN value mod64 = 63 is the last frame of the superframe.
4.1.2.5.9 Transmit power
^* Transmission power is reported from BCC1 and BCCH2.
^* Indicates the transmission power of the perch channel.
^* Value range: 6dBm ~ 43dBm
^* Beat arrangement: 6-bit binary notation (ex 6dBm → '000110') in dBm. Sent from the MSB side.
4.1.2.5.10.PID (Packet ID)
^* Applicable to: RACH-S / L, FACH-S / L
^* An identifier for identifying a call or mobile station to which transmission information relates on a common control physical channel.
^* Information length: 16bit
^{* The} FACH PID value is specified along with the transmission information. The PID value transmitted on the RACH is notified together with the transmission information.
^* Applications: There are mainly the following two types.
i) SDCCH setting request and setting response Used for an SDCCH setting request on the RACH from the mobile station to the BTS and an FACH setting response from the BTS to the mobile station. The PID of the FACH that transmits the setting response is the same as the PID of the RACH that transmitted the setting request. The PID value in this application is a value randomly selected by the mobile device.
ii) Packet transmission Packet data transmission on RACH and FACH. The PID value in this application is determined by the base station, and the base station selects a unique value for each sector.
^* Value range: Divide the value in the range of 16 bits for each use above. Table 10 shows an example of the value range for each application.
^* Bit structure: PID value (0 to 65535) is expressed in binary 16 bits. Sent from the MSB side.

4.1.2.5.11. Mo
^* Mo is a bit for identifying the FACH-S mode.
^* Table 11 shows an example of bit configuration.

4.1.2.5.12. U / C
^* Applicable to: RACH-S / L, FACH-S / L, UPCH for all symbol rates
^{* The} U / C bit is an identifier for identifying whether the information mounted on the CPS SDU is user information or control information.
^* Table 12 shows an example of bit configuration.

4.1.2.5.13. TN
^* Applicable to: RACH-S / L, FACH-S / L, UPCH for all symbol rates
^{* The} TN bit is an identifier for identifying the terminal node on the base station side of the information mounted on the CPS SDU.
^* Table 13 shows an example of bit configuration.

4.1.2.5.14. Sequence Number (Sbit)
^* Applicable to: RACH
^{* The} sequence number is intended to enable CPS assembly with high efficiency in consideration of RACH MS-BTS retransmission (layer 1 retransmission).
^* Value range: 0-15
^* Assemble CPS based on this value and CRC check result.
^* “0” in the head wireless unit of the CPSPDU.
^* FIG. 96 shows a flowchart of the CCHPDU assembly method of RACH using Wbit and Sbit.
4.1.2.5.15. PD section
^* Applicable to: PCH
^* There are PD1 and PD2 in the PD section, and the usage is the same.
^* An identifier for instructing the mobile station whether or not there is incoming information and the necessity of receiving BCCH. By transmitting PD1 and PD2 at different timings, the reception quality at the mobile station is improved due to the time diversity effect.
^* Table 14 shows an example of bit configuration.

4.1.2.5.16. CPS SDU Maximum Length Regardless of the logical channel, the maximum length is LCPS. LCPS is set as a system parameter.
4.1.3. Base Station Transmission / Reception Timing
^* FIG. 85 to FIG. 88 show specific examples of radio frame transmission / reception timing and long code phase for each physical channel when chip rate = 4.096 Mcps.
^{* The} BTS generates a reference frame timing (BTS reference SFN) from the transmission path.
^* Radio frame transmission / reception timing of various physical channels is set as timing offset with respect to the BTS reference SFN. Table 15 shows radio frame transmission / reception timing / offset values of various physical channels.
^{* The} BTS reference long code phase is defined as the phase where the first chip of the frame timing of BTS reference SFN = 0 is the long code phase = 0.
^* The long code phase of each physical channel is set as a phase offset from the BTS reference long code phase. Table 15 shows the long code offset values of various physical channels.

* 1: <> means that TDHO which is a chip unit is rounded down to a symbol unit.
* 2: 340 × C is the number of chips corresponding to 1/2 slot. Therefore, C has a different value for each chip rate. C = 1, 4, 8, 16 (chip rate = 1.024, 4.096, 8.192, 16,384 Mcps)
^* SFN is not assigned to physical channels other than the perch channel, but the frame number (FN) corresponding to the SFN of the perch channel is considered for all physical channels. The FN does not physically exist on the transmission signal, and is generated for each physical channel in the mobile station and the base station according to a predetermined correspondence from the SFN in the perch channel. The correspondence with SFNFN is shown in FIGS.
^* The offset values T _SECT , T _DHO , T _CCCH , T _FRAME , and T _SLOT in Table 15 are described below.
T _SECT
^* Varies by sector. (Although synchronization is established within the base station (between sectors), the base stations are asynchronous.)
^* Applies to all physical channels in a sector.
^{* The} value range is in units of chips within the slot interval.
^* The long code phase of the downlink dedicated physical channel is unified to this offset value, and the amount of interference is reduced by downlink orthogonalization.
^{* If the} long code mask symbol can be received on the mobile station side, the long code phase (T _SECT ) can be known and transmitted / received using this.
^* By varying this offset value between sectors, long code mask symbols are prevented from having the same timing between sectors, and the cell selection of the mobile station is optimized.
T _CCCH
^* Offset value for radio frame timing of the physical channel for common control.
^* Can be set for each physical channel for common control.
^* To reduce the frequency of matching transmission patterns among a plurality of common control physical channels in a sector and to make the amount of downlink interference uniform.
^* The range of values is in symbol units within the slot interval. Although the value is specified in units of chips, a value obtained by truncating the common control physical channel symbol in units is offset.
T _FRAME
^* Offset value for radio frame timing of dedicated physical channel.
^* Can be set for each individual physical channel.
^* At the time of call setup, the base station determines T _FRAME and informs the mobile station. Uplink transmission is also transmitted using this offset value.
^{* Since} all processing in the base station is performed in synchronization with this offset, there is no delay in processing.
^{* The} purpose is to make the transmission traffic uniform (randomized) in order to increase the efficiency of wired ATM transmission.
^* Range of value is slot (0.625 ms) unit within one radio frame interval.
T _SLOT
^* Offset value for radio frame timing of dedicated physical channel.
^* Can be set for each individual physical channel.
^* Prevent matching transmission patterns and make interference uniform.
^* The range of values is in symbol units within the slot interval. Although the value is specified in units of chips, a value obtained by truncating the common control physical channel symbol in units is offset.
T _DHO
^* Offset value for radio frame timing and uplink long code phase of dedicated physical channel.
^* Measured value of timing difference between uplink transmission timing and DHO destination perch reception timing by the mobile station.
^{* The} value range is in units of chips within the uplink long code phase range (0 to 216-1 radio frame).
^{* In the} base station (BTS), the reception timing of the uplink physical channel substantially matches that in Table 15, but a difference occurs depending on the propagation delay between the mobile station and the base station and the fluctuation of the propagation delay. The base station (BTS) receives this difference by absorbing it with a buffer or the like. ^{* In} the radio frame timing of the dedicated physical channel, the uplink is delayed by 1/2 time slot interval with respect to the downlink. As a result, the transmission power control delay is set to one time slot, and the control error is reduced. See FIGS. 85 to 88 for a specific timing difference setting method.
^* About physical channel (RACH) for uplink common control
^{* The} RACH radio frame timing is offset from the corresponding downlink common control physical channel radio frame timing. There are four offset values in the time slot interval.
^* Adjust the start of the radio frame to the initial value of the long code phase. Therefore, the long code phase also has four types of offset values.
^{* The} mobile station can select and transmit an arbitrary timing among the four types of offset timing. Therefore, the BTS can always receive the RACH transmitted at all types of offset timing at the same time.
4.1.4. Spreading code
4.1.4.1. Generation method
4.1.4.1.1. Downward long code
^* Gold code using M-sequence obtained from the following generator polynomial.

(Shift register 1) X ¹⁸ + X ⁷ +1
(Shift register 2) X ¹⁸ + X ¹⁰ + X ⁷ + X ⁵ +1
^* The configuration of the downlink long code generator is shown in FIG.
^{* The state where} the value of the shift register 1 is the long code number and the value of the shift register 2 is all 1 is the initial state for the long code number. Therefore, the long code number range is 00000h to 3FFFFh. The MSB side of the long code number is input to the left side of the shift register 1 of the generator in FIG.
^* Downlink long code is one radio frame period. Therefore, the output of the long code generator is cut off until the output of 10 msec, and the pattern from phase 0 to the phase of 10 msec is repeated. Therefore, the phase range varies as shown in Table 16 according to the chip rate. Furthermore, as described in 4.1.5.3, the long code phase is shifted by shift for the in-phase component and the quadrature component. Using this, the in-phase component and the quadrature component are identified. Table 16 shows the phases for both components when shift = 1024.
^{* The} long code generator can realize a state where an arbitrary clock is shifted from the initial phase state.

4.1.4.1.2. Upward long code
^* Gold code using M-sequence obtained from the following generator polynomial.

(Shift register 1) X ⁴¹ + X ³ +1
(Shift register 2) X ⁴¹ + X ²⁰ +1
^* FIG. 19 shows the configuration of the generator for generating the uplink long code.
^{* The state where} the value of the shift register 1 is the long code number and the value of the shift register 2 is all 1 is the initial state for the long code number. Therefore, the long code number range is 00000000000h to 1FFFFFFFFFFh. The MSB side of the long code number is input to the left side of the shift register 1 of the generator in FIG.
^{* The} uplink long code is 2 ¹⁶ radio frame periods (= 2 ¹⁰ superframe periods). Therefore, the output of the long code generator is terminated at the output of 2 ¹⁶ radio frames, repeated pattern from phase 0 to 2 ¹⁶ radio frames in phase. Therefore, the phase range differs as shown in Table 17 according to the chip rate. Furthermore, as described in 4.1.5.3, the long code phase is shifted by shift for the in-phase component and the quadrature component. Therefore, Table 17 shows the phases for both components when shift = 1024.
^{* The} long code generator can realize a state where an arbitrary clock is shifted from the initial state.

4.1.4.1.3. Short code
4.1.4.1.3.1. Shatter code for symbols other than longcode / mask symbols ^{* For} symbols of all physical channels other than perch channels and symbols other than longcode / mask symbols of perch channels, the following hierarchical orthogonal codes Use a series.
^{* A} short code consisting of a layered orthogonal code sequence is specified by a code type number (Class) and a code number (Number). The short code cycle is different for each short code type number.
^{* The} short code is represented as C _Class (Number), and a method of generating the short code is shown in FIG.
^* Short code period is a symbol period. Therefore, if the chip rate (spread band) is the same, the short code period varies depending on the symbol rate, and the number of codes that can be used also varies depending on the symbol rate. Table 18 shows the correspondence between the symbol rate, the short code type, the short code period, and the number of short codes.
^{* The} short code number system consists of a code type number and a code number. The code type number and the code number are indicated by binary display 4 bits and 12 bits, respectively.
^{* The} short code phase is synchronized with the modulation / demodulation symbol. That is, the first chip of the symbol has a short code phase = 0.

4.1.4.1.3.2. Short code for long code and mask symbol
^* The long code mask symbol of the perch channel is an orthogonal Gold code using an M sequence obtained from the following generator polynomial, unlike other symbols.

(Shift register 1) X ⁸ + X ⁴ + X ³ + X ² +1
(Shift register 2) X ⁸ + X ⁶ + X ⁵ + X ³ +1
^* FIG. 21 shows the configuration of a long code / mask symbol short code generator.
^* The initial value of the shift register 1 is the short code number N _LMS (value range: 0 to 255) for the long code and mask symbol. The MSB side of N _LMS is input to the left side of the shift register 1 in FIG.
^* The initial value of shift register 2 is all 1.
^{* When} all 1 of shift register 2 is detected, the shift is stopped and '0' is inserted.
^{* The} first chip of short code output is 0.
^* Period is 1 symbol (256 chips) of the perch channel.
4.1.4.2. Spreading code arrangement method
4.1.4.2.1. Downward long code
^{* For} system operation, one long code number common to all sectors in one cell is arranged. In terms of configuration, different long code numbers can be arranged for each sector. A long code number is specified.
^* Downlink long codes used for various downlink physical channels transmitted within a sector use the same long code number for all physical channels.
^* See 4.1.3 for long code phase.
4.1.4.2.2. Up long code
^{* A} long code number is assigned to each uplink physical channel. A long code number is specified.
^{* The} dedicated physical channel for mapping TCH, ACCH, UPCH uses an uplink long code arranged for each mobile station. The dedicated physical channel for mapping other logical channels and the common physical channel use an uplink long code arranged for each base station.
^* See 4.1.3 for long code phase.
4.1.4.2.3. Short code
4.1.4.2.3.1. Short codes for physical channels other than perch channels
^* Allocated for each physical channel and upstream / downstream. A short code number is specified. In terms of configuration, the same short code number can be used simultaneously in the same sector.
4.1.4.2.3.2. Shortcode for perch channel
^* The short code number for symbols other than the long code mask symbol of the first perch channel is common to all cells and is C ₈ (0). (However, any short code specified can be used as the first perch channel.)
^* The first perch channel long code / mask symbol short code number is common to all cells and N _LMS = 1. (However, the specified long code. The short code number N _LMS for the mask symbol can be used for the long code mask symbol of the first perch channel.)
^{* As} the short code number for the long code / mask symbol of the second perch channel, one of a plurality of predetermined short codes as a system is used in each sector. The short code number of the predetermined short code is stored in the BSC and the mobile station. (However, any specified long code / mask symbol short code can be used for the second perch channel.)
^* The long code / mask symbol short code number of the second perch channel and the downlink long code used in the same sector have a one-to-many correspondence. A correspondence example is shown in Table 19. This correspondence is stored in the BSC and the mobile station. (However, any long code / mask symbol short code and downlink long code can be used in the same sector for the second perch channel.)

4.1.5. Spread modulation signal generation method
4.1.5.1. Spreading modulation method Uplink / Downlink: QPSK (however, it can be applied to BPSK)
4.1.5.2. Short code assignment method
^{* According to the} designated short code number system (code type number Class, code number Number), the same short code is assigned to the in-phase component short code SCi and the orthogonal component short code SCq. That means
SCi ＝ SCq ＝ C _Class (Number)
^* Short code numbering system is specified separately for upstream and downstream. Therefore, different short codes can be used for uplink and downlink.
4.1.5.3. Long code assignment method
^* Long code number: LN, long code generator in initial state (long code number in shift register 1, all 1 in shift register 2) to clock shift number: Clock (initial state is 0) only If the long code generator output value at the time of operation is G _LN (Clock), the long code generator output value for the in-phase component in the long code phase: PH shown in FIGS. 85 to 88: LCi (PH), and The orthogonal component long code generator output value: Lcq (PH) is as follows for both uplink and downlink.
_{LCi (PH) = G LN (} PH)
_{LCq (PH) = G LN (} PH + Shift) (0 in the case of BPSK)
^* See 4.1.4.1 for long code phase ranges for in-phase and quadrature components.
4.1.5.4. Long code + short code generation method Fig. 22 shows a method for generating the in-phase component spreading code Ci and the quadrature component spreading code Cq using a long code and a short code.
4.1.5.5. Spreading unit configuration Transmission unit in-phase component: Di, quadrature component: Dq is spread with spreading codes Ci, Cq, and spread signal in-phase component: Si, quadrature component: Sq is generated. It shows in FIG.
4.1.6. Random access control
^* FIG. 24 shows an example of a random access transmission method.
^{* The} mobile station transmits the RACH at a timing delayed at random with respect to the reception frame timing of the downlink common control channel. Random delay amounts are the 16 types of offset timing shown in FIGS. The mobile station randomly selects an offset timing each time RACH is transmitted.
^* RACH transmission is one radio frame per transmission.
^{* When the} base station detects a RACH in which the CRC check result of the inner coding unit is OK, it uses the FACH-S ACK mode in the FACH radio frame next to the FACH radio frame transmitted at the time of detection. The RACH PID that was CRC OK is transmitted.
^{* When} there are a plurality of RACH radio frames to be transmitted, the mobile station transmits the next radio frame after receiving an ACK for the previous radio frame in the ACK mode FACH-S.
^{* The} mobile station uses the same PID value for all of the plurality of RACH radio units when the 1 CPS information to be transmitted consists of a plurality of RACH radio units. In addition, either RACH-L or RACH-S is used, and both RACH-L and RACH-S are not used for transmission of 1 CPS information.
^* After transmitting the RACH, the mobile station retransmits the RACH when the PID value of the transmitted RACH cannot be received by the ACK mode FACH-S even if TRAMsec has elapsed. In this case, the same value is used as the PID value. The maximum number of retransmissions is NRA (the same RACH radio unit is transmitted at the maximum NRA + 1 times together with the first transmission).
^{* In} the ACK mode of FACH-S, it is possible to mount up to 7 PIDs of RACH that detected CRC OK.
^{* When there} is a RACH that has detected CRC OK and has not returned an ACK until immediately before the FACH radio frame transmission timing, the base station gives priority to the first FACH- ACK mode FACH-S is transmitted by S. However, if more than TACKmsec has elapsed since the CRC OK was detected, it is excluded from the transmission target of the ACK mode FACH-S.
4.1.7. Multicode transmission
^{* If the} specified 1RL-ID consists of multiple dedicated physical channels (spreading codes), it is transmitted as shown below, and pilot synchronous detection and transmission power control are performed together on all dedicated physical channels in the 1RL-ID. Etc. When a plurality of RL-IDs are assigned to one mobile station, pilot synchronous detection and transmission power control are performed independently for each RL-ID.
^* Frame timing and long code phase are the same for all dedicated physical channels in 1RL-ID.
^{* The} pilot symbol and TPC symbol transmission method is one of the following two examples or a combination thereof to improve the synchronous detection characteristics and reduce the TPC symbol error rate.
Example 1 (see FIG. 25)
^* Pilot symbols and TPC symbols are transmitted using only one dedicated physical channel among a plurality of dedicated physical channels within one RL-ID.
^* Pilot symbols and TPC symbol portions are not transmitted on other dedicated physical channels.
^{* In} dedicated physical channels that transmit pilot symbols and TPC symbols, pilot symbols and TPC symbols with transmission power that is multiple of the number of dedicated physical channels of 1RL-ID with respect to transmission power of symbols other than pilot symbols and TPC symbols Send.
^* Capacity that minimizes Eb / Io in the ratio of amplitude values due to a trade-off between the channel estimation accuracy degrading as the pilot portion amplitude decreases and the overhead due to increasing pilot portion amplitude. The optimal value above exists.

  Transmission power of pilot symbol & TPC symbol part (pilot part) and data. FIG. 26 shows a simulation result obtained by evaluating the optimum value of the ratio with the transmission power of the symbol part (data part).

In FIG. 26, the horizontal axis represents the ratio between the amplitude (AP) of the transmission wave in the pilot part and the amplitude value (AD) of the transmission wave in the data part. Here, the amplitude of the pilot part and the amplitude of the data part are respectively AP and AD in FIG. 25 (the vertical axis in FIG. 25 is the transmission power, so it is expressed as AP ² AD ² as the square of the amplitude value). The vertical axis represents the required Eb / Io as in FIGS. The required quality is BER = 10 ⁻³ and the number of multicodes is 3.

In the simulation result of FIG. 26, the capacity is optimal when the AP is twice AD. Considering the ratio of the transmission power, the total value of the transmission power of the data part for all physical channels is 3AD ^{2 in} the case of 3 multicode transmission, and the transmission power of the pilot part is AP ² = (2AD) ² = 4AD. ² Therefore, the optimal transmission power ratio is obtained when the transmission power of the pilot part is 4/3 times that of the data part.

As described above, there is an optimum value for the ratio of the transmission power between the pilot part and the data part, and the optimum value varies depending on the number of multicodes. For this reason, the ratio of the transmission power between the pilot part and the data part is made variable.
^* Dedicated physical channels for transmitting pilot symbols and TPC symbols are specified.
Example 2 (see FIG. 27)
^{* For} all dedicated physical channels in one RL-ID, only the pilot symbols and TPC symbol portions use the short codes used in one specific dedicated physical channel.
^{* One} specific individual physical channel is specified.
^{* When} spreading using the same short code, the pilot part is added in the same phase, so that the same effect as when the transmission power is apparently increased is produced.
4.1.8. Transmission Power Control Transmission patterns of each physical channel are shown in FIGS.
4.1.8.1. Perch channel
^* The first perch channel is always transmitted with the designated transmission power PP1 except for the long code mask symbol included in each time slot.
^{* In} the first perch channel, the long code mask symbol included in each time slot is transmitted with the transmission power lowered by the designated value Pdown with respect to PP1. ^* The first perch channel is always transmitted by the above method regardless of the presence / absence of transmission information of BCCH1 and BCCH2 to be mapped. When there is no transmission information, an idle pattern (PN pattern) is transmitted.
^{* For} the second perch channel, only the long code mask symbol portion included in each time slot is transmitted, and other symbols are not transmitted.
^* The long code mask symbol of the second perch channel is transmitted at the same timing as the long code mask symbol of the first perch channel. The transmission power is the designated PP2 and is unchanged.
^* The values of PP1, Pdown, and PP2 are determined so that a mobile station located in an adjacent sector can determine the sector.
4.1.8.2. Physical channel for downlink common control (for FACH)
^{* For} both FACH-L and FACH-S radio frames with no transmission information, transmission is OFF for the entire period of the radio frame, including pilot symbols.
^{* A} radio frame with FACH-L transmission information is transmitted at the specified transmission power value PFL over the entire period of the radio frame. A transmission power value is designated for each transmission information. Therefore, the transmission power value can be variable for each radio frame. Within the radio frame, the specified transmission power value PFL is constant.
^{* When} only part of the four FACH-Ss in the radio frame has transmission information, only the FACH-S time slot with the transmission information is transmitted with the specified transmission power value. For Normal mode FACH, a transmission power value is specified for each transmission information. Therefore, the transmission power values PFS1 to PFS4 are variable for each FACH-S in the radio frame.
^* If there is transmission information in all four FACH-S in a radio frame, it is transmitted over the entire period of the radio frame. However, the transmission power value is variable for each FACH-S.
^* Ack mode The transmission power of FACH-S is always the same value, and is transmitted with the specified transmission power PACK.
^{* In} a time slot of FACH-L or FACH-S with transmission information, make sure that pilot symbols are transmitted on both sides of the symbol part for the logical channel. Therefore, for example, when a FACH time slot without transmission information is adjacent to the rear side of a FACH time slot with transmission information, even in a FACH time slot with no transmission information, the FACH time slot with transmission information. Only the pilot symbols adjacent to need to be transmitted. The transmission power value of this pilot symbol is the transmission power value of an adjacent FACH-S time slot with transmission information.
^{* When} the FACH time slot with transmission information is adjacent, the transmission power of the pilot symbol of the back time slot (the pilot symbol adjacent to the front time slot) is the higher transmission power of the adjacent time slot. And ^* The values of PFL and PFS1 to PFS4 are determined based on the perch channel reception SIR value of the mobile station included in the RACH.
4.1.8.3. Physical channel for downlink common control (for PCH)
^* Two PD units in each group are always transmitted in all groups. The transmission power is the designated transmission power value PPCH.
^{* When} transmitting the PD part, pilot symbols are also transmitted together with the PD part of the time slot to which the PD part is mapped. Pilot symbols for the later adjacent time slots are not transmitted.
^* The I part of each group is divided into four time slots (I1 to I4), and only the I part of the group having incoming information is transmitted, and the I part of the group having no incoming information is not transmitted. The transmission power is a designated transmission power value PPCH. ^{* In the} time slot to which the I part of the group having the incoming information is mapped, pilot symbols are always transmitted on both sides of the symbol part for the logical channel. Thus, for example, when the I part time slot of the group without incoming information is adjacent to the rear part of the I part time slot of the group with incoming information, the pilot is also used in the I part time slot of the group without incoming information. • Only symbols need to be transmitted.
^* The value of the PPCH is determined so that almost all mobile stations in the sector can receive.
4.1.8.4. Physical channel for uplink common control (RACH)
^* Sent from the mobile station only when there is transmission information. It is transmitted in units of one radio frame.
^{* The} RACH-L and RACH-S transmission powers PRL and PRS are determined by the open loop in the mobile station and are constant in the radio frame.
^{* A} pilot symbol is added to the end of the radio frame and transmitted. The transmission power of this pilot symbol is the same as the transmission power of the preceding radio frame.
4.1.8.5. Downlink dedicated physical channel
^* Regardless of the origination / incoming connection, tie-versity, or handover, at the initial setting of the downlink dedicated physical channel, transmission is started at the specified transmission power value PD, the transmission power is periodically increased, and the communication power value becomes PD. Transmit power control is performed until Thereafter, the transmission power is periodically increased until reception synchronization of the uplink dedicated physical channel is established (refer to 5.2.1.2.2 for details). Until reception synchronization establishment of the uplink dedicated physical channel is completed and decoding of the uplink TPC symbol becomes possible, continuous transmission is performed with a constant transmission power PD.
^* The value of PD is determined by the same method as FACH.
^{* When} reception synchronization establishment of the uplink dedicated physical channel is completed and decoding of the uplink TPC symbol is possible, high-speed closed loop transmission power control is performed according to the decoding result of the TPC symbol.
^{* In} high-speed closed loop transmission power control, the transmission power is adjusted by a control step of 1 dB for each time slot according to the decoding result of the TPC symbol. Refer to 5.2.1.1 for details of the downlink dedicated physical channel transmission power control method.
4.1.8.6. Uplink dedicated physical channel
^* At the time of outgoing / incoming connection, the mobile station starts transmission of the uplink dedicated physical channel after the reception synchronization establishment processing of the downlink dedicated physical channel satisfies a predetermined condition. The transmission power value of the first time slot at the start of transmission is determined by an open loop as in the RACH, and the transmission power value of the subsequent time slot is transmitted in a fast closed-loop transmission according to the decoding result of the TPC symbol in the downlink dedicated physical channel. Power control is performed. Refer to 5.2.1.1 for details.
^* At the time of tie-versity handover, there is no need to set a new uplink dedicated physical channel. The transmission power is controlled for each time slot by high-speed closed loop transmission power control at the time of tie diversity handover. Refer to 5.2.1.1 for details on the uplink power physical channel transmission power control method.
4.1.9. DTX control This control only applies to dedicated physical channels.
4.1.9.1. Dedicated physical channels for DTCH and ACCH
4.1.9.1.1. Transmission
^* Only for the dedicated physical channel (32ksps) for voice service, when there is voice information, DTCH symbol transmission is turned on, and when there is no voice information, transmission is turned off. An example of a transmission pattern is shown in FIG.
^* Pilot. The symbols and TPC symbols are always transmitted regardless of the presence or absence of audio information and the presence or absence of control information.
^* The power ratio between the transmission power (Pon) when transmission is ON and the transmission power (Poff) when transmission is OFF satisfies the condition of the transmission ON / OFF ratio in 5.1.1.
^{* The} transmission ON / OFF pattern is the same for all 16 time slots in the radio frame.
^* DTX control is performed in units of radio frames (10msec).
^* DTX control is not performed for individual physical channels (64sps or higher) for data transmission. The transmission is always on.
^* Information for notifying the presence or absence of audio information and the presence or absence of control information is not transmitted.
4.1.9.1.2. Reception
^* Table 20 shows the determination method for the presence or absence of audio information and the presence or absence of control information.

^* The symbol average received power in Table 20 is the average received power value of all the corresponding symbols in one radio frame.
^* PDTX (dB) is a system parameter.
4.1.9.2 Dedicated physical channel for SDCCH
^{* When} there is control information to be transmitted, SDCCH symbol transmission is turned on, and when there is no control information, transmission is turned off.
^* Pilot. Symbols and TPC symbols are always transmitted regardless of the presence or absence of control information.
^* The power ratio between the transmission power (Pon) when transmission is ON and the transmission power (Poff) when transmission is OFF satisfies the condition of the transmission ON / OFF ratio in 5.1.1.
^{* The} transmission ON / OFF pattern is the same for all 16 time slots in the radio frame.
^* DTX control is performed in units of radio frames (10msec).
^{* The} receiving side always performs processing according to the CPS-PDU assembly method of FIG. There is no need to determine whether control information exists.
4.1.9.3. Dedicated physical channel for UPCH
^* When there is control information or user information to be transmitted, UPCH symbol transmission is turned on, and when there is no control information, transmission is turned off.
^* BTS has three modes for pilot symbols and TPC symbols. The mode is specified.
Mode 1
^* Judge the necessity of transmission for each radio frame. When both of the following conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, transmission of all pilot symbols and TPC symbols in the radio frame is stopped. Thereafter, when either condition 3 or condition 4 is detected, transmission of all pilot symbols and TPC symbols in the radio frame is started.
Condition 1: More than FNDATA radio frame has passed since there is no control information or user information to be transmitted Condition 2: CRC NG of received radio frame is continuously detected more than FCRC radio frame Condition 3: Control information or user information to be transmitted Condition 4: CRC OK is detected in the received radio frame
^{* The} mobile station determines the transmission ON / OFF status of pilot symbols and TPC symbols using the presence or absence of control information or user information to be transmitted and the result of detection of loss of synchronization.
^{* If} control information or user information to be transmitted occurs after stopping transmission of pilot symbols and TPC symbols, a radio frame in which an idle pattern is inserted in advance is transmitted as a FIDL frame, and then control information to be transmitted or A radio frame with user information inserted is transmitted. Of course, pilot symbols and TPC symbols are also transmitted from a radio frame in which an idle pattern is inserted.
Mode 2
^{* In a} radio frame without control information or user information, pilot symbols and TPC symbols are transmitted only in some slots.
^* A parameter P _freq indicating a transmission frequency designates a slot for transmitting pilot symbols and TPC symbols in a radio frame without control information or user information. Table 21 shows a comparison between P _freq and slots for transmitting pilot symbols and TPC symbols.

^* Fast closed-loop transmission power control is determined only for pilot symbols and TPC symbols that are not transmitted, only for TPC symbols from mobile stations determined for pilot symbols and TPC symbols transmitted by the BTS. The TPC symbols from the mobile stations are ignored. Therefore, the transmission power control interval changes according to the value of P _freq .
Mode 3
^* Pilot symbols and TPC symbols are always transmitted regardless of the presence or absence of control information or user information.
^{* For} UPCH symbols and pilot symbols and TPC symbols in mode 1, the power ratio between transmission power (Pon) when transmission is ON and transmission power (Poff) when transmission is OFF is 5.1.1. Satisfies the transmission ON / OFF ratio condition.
^{* The} transmission ON / OFF pattern is the same for all 16 time slots in the radio frame.
^* DTX control is performed in units of radio frames (10msec).
^{* On the} receiving side, processing according to the CPS-PDU assembly method of FIG. 96 is always performed. There is no need to determine whether control information or user information exists.
4.1.10. Bit transmission method
^* Send CRC bits in order from high order to low order.
^* TCH is sent in the order of input.
^* All tail bits send “0”.
^{* The} dummy bit is “1”.
^* Dummy is the object of CRC encoding.
^{* The} idle pattern is inserted into all CRC coding fields (shaded portions in FIGS. 64 to 84) of the selected synthesis unit or the inner coding unit. Includes CRC Check bit. The pattern is an arbitrary PN pattern. The same pattern is used for all inner coding units or selective combining units for each logical channel. Further, this pattern is set so that the CRC check result is NG if there is no error on the receiving side.
4.1.11. Incoming call control
4.1.11.1. Base station (BTS) operation
^* Mobile stations are grouped according to a predetermined method and incoming calls are made for each group.
^* Grouping is performed in the BTS, and the corresponding group number is designated together with the incoming information including the mobile station identification number that has received the incoming call. The BTS transmits incoming information by using the I part (I1 to I4) of the PCH of the designated group number.
^* For the PCH of the group having no incoming call information, the BTS transmits both of the two PD parts (PD1, PD2) in the PCH as “all 0” and does not send the I part.
^{* When} BTS is specified to transmit incoming information, PCH PD1 and PD2 corresponding to the specified group number are set to “all 1”, and the incoming information specified by the I section in the same PCH is transmitted. .
4.1.11.2. Mobile station operation
^{* The} mobile station normally receives only 8-bit PD1. Synchronous detection reception is performed using pilot symbols (4 symbols) adjacent to the front side of PD1.
^* Perform PD1 (soft decision) majority process. It is assumed that the value calculated by the process is “0” when the PD part is all 0 and no positive quality deterioration, and takes the maximum positive value when all are 1. The operation is as follows according to the processing result and the determination threshold (M1, M2, where M> M2).
(1) If the processing result is equal to or greater than the determination threshold value M1, it is determined that there is an incoming call to any mobile station in the group to which the own station belongs, and the I part of the same PCH is received.
(2) If the processing result is less than the determination threshold M2, it is determined that there is no incoming call in the group to which the own station belongs, and reception is turned off until the reception timing of PD1 of the group to which the own station belongs after one superframe.
(3) When the processing result is M2 or more and less than M1, PD2 in the same PCH is received, and the processes (1) and (2) are performed. Also in PD2, if the processing result is M2 or more and less than M1, the I part of the same PCH is received.
(4) The I part is received by the processing of (2) or (3) above, and the presence / absence of an incoming call to the own station is determined from the incoming call information included in the I part.
4.2 Transmission path interface
4.2.1. Main specifications
4.2.1.1. 1.5Mbps
The ATM cell mapping is shown in FIG.
4.2.1.2. 6.3Mbps
The mapping to the ATM cell is shown in FIG. The pulse mask is shown in FIG.
4.2.2. Protocol
4.2.2.1. ATM Layer This shows the VPI, VI, and CID coding of the ATM layer at the base station (BS) -switching center interface. FIG. 31 shows a link structure between BTS and MCC.
(1) Interface specification line number: assigned for each HWY between the base station and the switching center. The correspondence between the physical HWY interface mounting position and the line number is fixedly set in advance. The range of line number values is 0 to 3 for 1.5M-HWY, and only 0 for 6.3M-HWY.
VPI: The VPI value is only “0” and is not substantially used.
VCI: 256 / VPI
CID: 256 / VCI
(2) ATM connection VCI = 64: For timing cell. The lowest line number value is used for each BTS.

The following types can be set as VCI types other than those for superframe phase correction. In addition, AAL-Type used for each VCI type is shown.
^* For control signal between BTS and MCC: AAL-Type5
^{* For} paging: AAL-Type5
^{* For} MS-MCC transmission signal: AAL-Type2
When a plurality of line numbers are set in the BTS, an arbitrary number of types other than those for super frame phase correction can be assigned on any line number. Correspondences between types other than those for superframe phase correction and line numbers and VCI values are set.
(3) The method of using the short cell connection CID value is set.
(4) AAL-Type designation method Specified when setting a wired line. Table 22 shows an example of correspondence between transmission information types to be used and AAL-Type. However, the correspondence between the transmission information type and the AAL-Type can be arbitrarily set.

(5) Empty cell As an empty cell on the ATM line, an ITU-T standard idle cell shown in FIG. 32 is used. 4.2.2.2. AAL-Type2
AAL-Type2 is a composite cell (AALtype2) transmitted in an interface (SuperA interface) section between a base station and a switching center.
ATM adaptation layer protocol.
(1) AAL-Type2 processing unit FIG. 33 shows a connection form of AAL-Type2.
(2) Bandwidth Assurance Control In order to satisfy various service qualities (delay and discard rate) in the Super-A section, it is necessary to perform control that guarantees the minimum bandwidth for each quality class.
^* AAL-Type2 guarantees the bandwidth divided into quality classes at the short cell level.
^* The quality class of short cells is divided into the following four types according to (maximum allowable delay time, maximum cell discard rate).
Quality class 1 (5ms, ^10-4 )
Quality class 2 (5ms, ^10-7 )
Quality class 3 (50ms, ^10-4 )
Quality class 4 (50ms, ^10-7 )
^{* When} setting up a wired line, the quality class corresponding to the service provided is specified.
^* Short cell transmission order is set according to the quality class, and bandwidth is secured for each quality class. The specific method of securing the bandwidth is described in 5.3.5.
^{* When} one transmission information unit is longer than the maximum length of the short cell, the transmission information is divided and transmitted by a plurality of short cells. In this case, the plurality of divided short cells are continuously transmitted within 1 VCI. Continuity is only guaranteed within the same VCI, not between different VCIs. In other words, other VCI standard cells can be interrupted and transmitted.
4.2.2.3. AAL-Type5
AAL type 2 and AAL type 5 are used for the AAL of the ATM cell transmitted on the SuperA interface between the base station and the exchange. In AAL type 5, the SSCOP protocol is supported between the base station and the exchange.
(1) AAL-5 processing unit FIG. 34 shows a connection form of AAL-5.
(2) Bandwidth Assurance Control In order to satisfy various service qualities (delay and discard rate) in the Super-A section, it is necessary to perform control that guarantees the minimum bandwidth for each quality class. The types of quality classes are shown below.
^* AAL-5 guarantees the bandwidth divided into quality classes at the VCI level.
^{* The} quality class is divided into the following five types according to (maximum allowable delay time, maximum cell discard rate).

Interrupt (0, 0) * Highest priority cell quality class 1 (5ms, ^10-4 )
Quality class 2 (5ms, ^10-7 )
Quality class 3 (50ms, ^10-4 )
Quality class 4 (50ms, ^10-7 )
^{* When} setting up a wired line, the quality class corresponding to the service provided is specified.
^* Standard cell transmission order is set according to the quality class, and bandwidth is secured for each quality class. The specific method of securing the bandwidth is described in 5.3.5.
^{* The} interrupt buffer cell is output with the highest priority. (Minimum delay and no discard)
4.2.3. Signal format
4.2.3.1. AAL-2 format Figure 35 shows the AAL-2 format.
^* Start field (1 octet)
OSF: Offset field SN: Sequence number P: Parity
^* SC-H (short cell header) (3 octets)
LI: Payload length PPT: CPS-Packet Payload Type Contains start / continuation and end information of payload.

UUI: CPS-User to User Indication
When one transmission information unit is divided and transmitted by a plurality of short cells, UUI and a plurality of short cells transmitting the divided transmission information are assembled in the same VCI for assembling transmission information on the receiving side. Sent continuously.

000 / single short cell
001 / Top / Continue
010 / Continue / Tail
011 / Continuation / Continuation HEC: Header Error Check
(Generator polynomial = x ^ 5 + x ^ 2 + 1)
^* SAL (2 or 3 octets)
FIG. 36 shows the SAL format.

  Table 23 shows the SAL field setting method.

  Table 24 shows whether or not SAL 3 oct is used.

  Table 25 shows SAL field setting conditions.

＊無線チャネルフレーム分割は、128kbps以上の非制限デジタルサービスの提供時で、256ksps以上の個別物理チャネルを使用した場合に行われる。分割の単位はユーザ情報速度64kbps(1B)の外符号化を施した単位である。図７８〜図８０参照。
＊未使用時はau 0とする。
＊マルチコード伝送を適用するのはＤＴＣＨとＵＰＣＨのみである。よってＲＣＮはＤＴＣＨとＵＰＣＨに対してのみ使用される。

* Radio channel frame division is performed when an unrestricted digital service of 128 kbps or higher is provided and an individual physical channel of 256 ksps or higher is used. The unit of division is a unit subjected to outer encoding at a user information rate of 64 kbps (1B). See FIGS. 78 to 80.
* Set to au 0 when not used.
* Multicode transmission applies only to DTCH and UPCH. Therefore, RCN is used only for DTCH and UPCH.

4.2.3.2. Format of AAL-5 Figure 37 shows the format of AAL-5.

A PAD and a CPCS-PDU trailer are added to the LAST cell.
^* PAD (CPCS padding)
Adjust the frame to 48OCT (ALL0)
^* CPCS-PDU trailer
CPCS-UU: Display between CPCS users Transparently transfer information used in higher layers CPI: Common part type display Usage is undecided. Current situation sets the ALL0 LENGTH: CPCS-PDU displays the payload length user information length in bytes CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Code CPCS entire frame error detection generator polynomial ^{= X 32 + X 26 + X} 23 + X 22 + X 16 + X 12 + X 11 + X 10 + X ⁸ + X ⁷ + X ⁵ + X ⁴ + X ² + X + 1
4.2.3.3. Timing Cell FIG. 38 shows the signal format of the timing cell used for establishing the SFN (System Frame Namber) synchronization at the time of start-up in the BTS. Table 26 shows how to set the information elements in the signal format.

  See 5.3.8 for how to establish SFN synchronization of BTS using timing cells.

4.2.4. Clock generation Clock to be generated (example)
(1) Wireless synthesizer reference clock
(2) 4.096 Mcps (chip rate)
(3) 1 / 0.625msec (wireless time slot)
(4) 1/10 msec (radio frame)
(5) 1/640 msec (wireless superframe, phase 0 to 63)
(6) 1.544 Mbps, 6.312 Mbps (transmission path clock)
5). Functional configuration
5.1. Radio unit, Transmit / receive amplifier
5.1.1. Pilot synchronous detection RAKE
5.1.1.1. Pilot synchronous detection RAKE configuration
(1) RAKE combining unit A finger is assigned to each diversity branch (space and sector) so that sufficient reception characteristics can be obtained. The algorithm for assigning fingers to each branch is not specified. The diversity combining method is the maximum ratio combining.
(2) Searcher A path for RAKE combining is selected from each branch being received so as to obtain the best reception characteristics.
(3) Pilot synchronous detection channel estimation method
Synchronous detection is performed using pilot blocks (4 pilot symbols) received at a period of 0.625 ms.
5.1.1.2. Channel Estimation Using Multi-Pilot Blocks A channel estimation method using multiple pilot blocks before and after the information symbol period is shown in FIG. 40 and details are shown below.
Example
^* In the case of averaging the longitudinal each 3 pilot blocks, -3Tp at time t = 0 <t ^<- shows a channel estimation process 2Tp information symbol section below.
(a) QPSK modulation is returned for each pilot block of P1 to P6.
(b) Average values are obtained for the in-phase and quadrature components of each of the four symbols P1 to P6.
(c) Each average value is multiplied by a weighting factor of α1 to α3 and added.
(d) The obtained result is used as the channel estimation value in the information symbol section (shaded area) between P3 and P4.
5.2. Baseband signal processor
5.2.1. Transmit power control
5.2.1.1. Overview of transmission power control
(1) RACH transmission power control BTS broadcasts perch channel transmission power and uplink interference power by means of BCCH. The mobile station determines the RACH transmission power based on these pieces of information.
(2) FACH transmission power control The RACH includes a perch channel reception SIR measured by the mobile station. The BTS determines the transmission power of the FACH corresponding to the received RACH based on this information, and designates the transmission power value together with the transmission information. The transmission power value can change every time information is transmitted.
(3) Uplink / downlink transmission power control of dedicated physical channel The initial transmission power is determined in the same manner as RACH and FACH. Thereafter, the BTS and mobile station shift to SIR-based high-speed closed loop control. In closed-loop control, the reception side periodically compares the measurement value of the reception SIR with the reference SIR value, and notifies the transmission side of the comparison result using the TPC bit. On the transmission side, relative control of transmission power is performed according to the TPC bit. In order to satisfy the required reception quality, it has an outer loop function for updating the reference SIR value according to the reception quality, and designates the reference SIR value. For downlink, range control for setting the upper and lower limits of the transmission power value is performed.
(4) Transmission power control during packet transmission In the case of UPCH, the same control as in (3) above is performed. For the RACH during packet transmission, the same control as in (1) above is performed. The FACH during packet transmission is always transmitted with the transmission power value specified by the transmission power range specification. Unlike (2) above, the transmission power value is not changed every time information is transmitted.
5.2.1.2. SIR-based fast closed-loop transmit power control
(1) Basic operation In the BTS (mobile station), the received SIR is measured every transmission power control period (0.625 ms). The TPC bit is set to “1”, and 2 bits are continuously transmitted to the mobile station (BTS). In the mobile station (BTS), the TPC bit is softly determined. If it is determined to be “0”, the transmission power is reduced by 1 dB, and if it is determined to be “1”, the transmission power is increased by 1 dB. The transmission power change timing is set immediately before the pilot block. Maximum transmission power is specified for uplink, and maximum transmission power and minimum transmission power are specified for downlink, and control is performed within that range. (See Figure 41)
When the synchronization is lost and the TPC bit cannot be received, the transmission power value is constant.
(2) Uplink / Downlink Frame Timing The frame timing of the uplink / downlink communication channel is configured such that the pilot symbol position is shifted by 1/2 slot so that transmission power control with 1-slot control delay can be realized. (See Figure 42)
(3) Initial operation FIG. 43 shows a method for shifting from the initial state to the closed loop control.

First, the downlink transmission power control in FIG. 43 (A) will be described.
^* Until a TPC bit based on the downlink SIR measurement result can be received, transmission is performed with a fixed transmission power control pattern. This is the initial operation.
^{* In the} initial operation, transmission is performed with a control pattern that gradually increases the transmission power, but this is divided into two stages.
(a) The BTS increases transmission power by a predetermined amount continuously for a predetermined number of times at predetermined intervals as the first transmission power increase process. When the first transmission power increase process is completed, the designated initial transmission power value is obtained. These predetermined values are preset. This first transmission power increase process aims to avoid a sudden increase in interference power to other mobile stations due to abrupt transmission of large transmission power.

  The predetermined value is set so that the transmission power is increased stepwise so that other mobile stations can follow the fluctuation of the interference power amount by the transmission power control. At this time, the TPC bits transmitted in the downlink channel are set to a fixed pattern that gradually increases the transmission power of the mobile station (example: 011011011 ...). This pattern is preset.

If synchronization of the uplink dedicated physical channel is established during the first transmission power increase process, the increase process is stopped and high-speed closed loop transmission power control is performed according to the TPC bits received from the mobile station.
(b) Further, the BTS increases transmission power control by a predetermined amount at predetermined intervals as the second transmission power increasing process until uplink frame synchronization is established. These predetermined values are set in advance separately from the predetermined value (a). The second transmission power control increasing process is performed by gradually increasing the transmission power even when the set initial transmission power value is insufficient for the mobile station to establish downlink radio frame synchronization. This is a process for guaranteeing the establishment of frame synchronization. The predetermined interval in this process is a relatively long interval, which is about 1 to several seconds. This downlink transmission power control pattern can be changed according to the amount of interference or the like.
(c) When downlink frame synchronization is established, the mobile station performs relative control of transmission power according to the TPC bit received from the BTS, with the transmission power determined in the open loop as an initial value. At this time, the TPC bit transmitted in the uplink channel is determined based on the downlink SIR measurement result. (See Fig. 43 (B))
(d) When the BTS establishes uplink frame synchronization, the BTS performs relative control of transmission power according to the TPC bits received from the mobile station.
^{* In the} above-mentioned fixed TPC bit pattern, the BTS can be changed according to the interference amount of the entire cell.
^{* The} above-described uplink transmission power control is performed by a fixed TPC bit pattern from the base station, but the same transmission power control may be performed by a fixed control pattern preset in the mobile station. In this case, the pattern cannot be changed.
^{* Although} the initial value of the uplink transmission power from the mobile station is determined by the open loop in the above, the initial value transmitted from the base station may be used. In this configuration, since the base station can determine the initial value, a more optimal initial value can be set.
(4) SIR measurement method The requirements for SIR measurement are as follows.
・ Transmission power control with one slot control delay shown in (2) can be realized.
・ SIR measurement accuracy is high.
A measurement example is shown below.
(A) Measurement of received signal power (S)
(a) Measurement of S is performed for each slot (transmission power update unit), and pilot symbols after RAKE combining are used.
(b) The received signal power is the sum of squared amplitudes of the average values of the in-phase and quadrature components of a plurality of symbols.
(B) Measurement of interference signal power (I)
(a) The average signal power after RAKE combining of a plurality of pilot symbols and overhead symbols of one pilot block is obtained.
(b) Using the above-mentioned route of average signal power, QPSK modulation of each pilot symbol is returned (quadrant detection) to be a reference signal point in each pilot symbol.
(c) The mean square value of the distance between the reception point of the pilot symbol of one pilot block and the reference signal point is obtained.
(d) The above-mentioned mean square value is subjected to moving average over M frames (M: 1 to 100) to obtain interference signal power.
5.2.1.3. Outer Loop The BTS and MCC have an outer loop function that updates the reference SIR of high-speed closed loop transmission power control according to the quality information in order to satisfy the required reception quality (average FER or average BER). In MCC, the outer loop is controlled based on the quality after selective synthesis at the time of DHO.
(1) Reference SIR value correction method Specify the initial value of the reference SIR. The reference SIR is updated based on the measurement result of the reception quality. However, for both MCC and BTS, the main reference SIR update decision is made. A specific method is described below.
i) Specify the start of quality monitoring.
ii) The designated quality monitoring is executed at all times and the quality monitoring result is notified.
iii) Determine whether to update the standard SIR according to the reported quality monitoring results. When updating is determined, the reference SIR is set and the reference SIR update is designated.
5.2.1.4. Transmission power control during inter-sector diversity handover During inter-sector diversity handover, the received SIR is measured and the TPC bit is demodulated after combining the maximum inter-sector ratio for both uplink and downlink. Further, the same value is transmitted from a plurality of sectors as the downlink TPC bit. Therefore, transmission power control is performed in the same manner as when tie diversity handover is not performed.
5.2.1.5. Transmit power control during inter-cell tie-versity handover
(1) Uplink transmission power control (see Fig. 44)
(a) BTS operation Each BTS measures the uplink reception SIR in the same manner as in the case of not performing the tie-over / handover, and transmits the TPC bit determined based on the measurement result to the mobile station.
(b) Mobile station operation TPC bits are received independently in BTS units (inter-sector diversity is performed). At the same time, the reliability (reception SIR) of the TPC bits for each BTS is measured. If there is at least one “0” in the soft decision majority result of the TPC bit satisfying the predetermined reliability, the transmission power is lowered by 1 dB. If all are '1', increase transmission power by 1dB.
(2) Downlink transmission power control (see Fig. 45)
(a) BTS operation Each BTS controls transmission power according to the received TPC bits, as in the case where tie diversity handover is not performed. When uplink synchronization is lost and the TPC bit cannot be received, the transmission power value is constant.
(b) Mobile station operation The reception SIR after combining the site diversity is measured, and the TPC bit determined based on the measurement result is transmitted to each BTS.
5.2.2. Synchronization establishment process
5.2.2.1. When starting up mobile station
(a) Each sector transmits a perch channel with a part of the long code masked. When the mobile station starts up, the mobile station performs sector selection by the long code three-stage initial synchronization method to establish perch channel synchronization.
(b) The perch channel broadcasts its own sector number and long code numbers of neighboring cells. Based on this broadcast information, the mobile station establishes perch channel synchronization between other sectors in the same cell and sectors in neighboring cells, and measures the perch channel reception level. The mobile station performs standby sector shift determination by comparing the perch channel reception level.
5.2.2.2. Random access reception The mobile station transmits RACH at the time of location registration and incoming / outgoing calls. The BTS establishes and receives the synchronization of the RACH transmitted at a plurality of frame offsets.

  As shown in FIGS. 85 to 88, RACH reception synchronization can be established so that reception processing of all RACH soil and RACH-S transmitted at four types of offset timing per 10 msec can be completed within 0.625 msec. The reception process includes deinterleaving, Viterbi decoding, and CRC decoding, and includes the process up to determining whether the Ack needs to be transmitted.

The BTS measures and reports the round-trip propagation delay time between the mobile station and the BTS based on the delay time from the predetermined RACH reception timing.
5.2.2.3. When individual channel synchronization is established (see Fig. 87)
The outline of the synchronization establishment procedure of SDCCH and TCH is shown. FIG. 46 shows a detailed synchronization establishment process flow.
(a) The BTS starts transmission of the downlink channel.
(b) The mobile station establishes downlink channel synchronization based on the perch channel synchronization information and the frame offset group and slot offset group notified from the network.
(c) The mobile station starts transmission of the uplink channel at the same frame timing as that of the downlink channel.
(d) The BTS establishes uplink channel synchronization based on the frame offset group and slot offset group specified by the MCC. Here, since the actual synchronization timing is shifted by the round-trip propagation delay time between the mobile station and the BTS, the round-trip propagation delay time measured at the time of random access reception is used to shorten the search range for synchronization establishment. Can be achieved.
5.2.2.4. Inter-cell tie-versity handover At the start of tie-up and handover, the radio frame number and long for the uplink dedicated physical channel transmitted by the mobile station and the downlink dedicated physical channel transmitted by the tie-versity handover source BTS The code phase is continuously counted up as usual and does not change instantaneously. Needless to say, continuity is also ensured for the installed user information, and no instantaneous interruption occurs.

An overview of the synchronization establishment procedure at the start of tie-versity handover is shown. (See Figure 88)
(a) The mobile station measures the frame time difference of radio frames in the same frame number between the uplink dedicated physical channel being transmitted and the perch channel transmitted by the handover destination BTS, and notifies the network. The measured value is the time difference between the frame timing of the uplink dedicated physical channel and the frame timing of the perch channel. It is always a positive value in chip units, and its range is from 0 to “uplink long code period−1” chips.
(b) The mobile station uses the frame time difference measurement value as a layer 3 signal, and notifies the BSC via the diversity handover source BTS using the ACCH of the uplink dedicated physical channel.
(c) The BSC reports the frame time difference measurement value together with the frame offset and slot offset set at the time of outgoing / incoming connection to the tie-versity / handover destination BTS using a layer 3 signal.
(d) The handover destination BTS receives the frame time difference measurement value and the notification of the frame offset and the slot offset, starts transmission of the downlink dedicated physical channel using the information, and transmits the uplink being transmitted by the mobile station. Starts synchronization establishment processing of dedicated physical channels. See 4.1.3 for specific downlink dedicated physical channel transmission timing and uplink dedicated physical channel synchronization establishment method.
5.2.2.5. Perch channel synchronization of other sectors in the same cell Each sector in the same cell transmits a perch channel spread with the same long code and the same short code with a phase difference determined by the system. After the initial synchronization is completed, the mobile station receives broadcast information from the standby sector. In the broadcast information, the own sector number and the number of sectors in the same cell are written. Based on this information, the mobile station identifies the long code phase of other sectors in the same cell and establishes perch channel synchronization.
5.2.2.6. Determining the synchronization establishment of individual channels
(a) Chip synchronization The BTS knows the upstream long code phase of the channel to be received. The BTS performs a path search and RAKE receives a path with a high correlation detection value. If the transmission characteristics shown in 5.1.2 are satisfied, RAKE reception is possible immediately.
(b) Frame synchronization Since the long code phase and frame timing uniquely correspond to each other, basically it is not necessary to search the frame timing, and the frame timing corresponds to the long code phase after the chip synchronization is established. Just check the synchronization. The BTS frame synchronization establishment determination condition for the dedicated physical channel is a case where a radio frame having a SW mismatch bit number of Nb or less continues for SR frames or more.
(c) Superframe synchronization Since there is no bit indicating FN in the dedicated physical channel, the frame number is implicitly determined and superframe synchronization is established.

  For the uplink dedicated physical channel, as shown in FIG. 87, the frame number of the dedicated physical channel is set so that the frame number becomes 0 at a timing delayed by frame offset + slot offset from the phase 0 timing of the uplink long code. The The relationship between the long code phase and the frame number does not change until the radio channel is released even if the diversity handover is repeated after the outgoing / incoming connection.

For the downlink dedicated physical channel, the frame number of the radio frame at a timing shifted by a predetermined time with respect to the frame timing of the perch channel is set as the modulo 64 value of the SFN of the perch channel. The predetermined time is frame offset + slot offset as shown in FIG. At the time of tie-versity handover, as shown in FIG. 88, the frame time difference measurement value is −1/2 slot-α. α is a truncation value for converting the frame time difference measurement value −1/2 slot into a symbol unit.
(2) Resynchronization In this system, the search for the optimal path is always performed by the searcher, which is equivalent to always achieving the maximum synchronization. Therefore, no special resynchronization establishment processing procedure is provided.
5.2.3. Out-of-synchronization Judgment Method The following is a method for determining out-of-synchronization of BTS radio sections for dedicated physical channels. The state is monitored for the following two conditions for each radio frame.
Condition 1: SW mismatch bit number is less than or equal to Nb Condition 2: CRC combination of DTCH selection combining unit or UPCH inner coding unit
When radio frames that do not satisfy both of the above two conditions continue for an SF frame or more, it is determined that the state is out of synchronization (the number of forward synchronization protection stages: SF).

In the out-of-synchronization state, when a radio frame satisfying at least one of the above two conditions continues for more than SR frames, it is determined that the synchronization is maintained (number of backward synchronization protection stages: SR).
5.2.4. Handover control
5.2.4.1. Inter-sector diversity handover within the same cell The maximum number of sectors for inter-sector diversity handover within one cell is three.
(1) Up
^* Maximum ratio combining is performed for all symbols of the physical channel in the same manner as the space diversity of the received signal from the multi-sector antenna.
^* Downlink transmission power control is performed using the TPC symbol after the maximum ratio combining.
^* Uplink transmission power control is performed using the reception quality after the maximum ratio combining. That is, the value of the downlink TPC symbol is set using the reception quality after the maximum ratio combining.
^{* For} wired transmission, link setup and transmission are performed in the same way as when not performing diversity handover.
(2) Down
^{* The} same symbol is transmitted for all symbols of the physical channel from multiple sector antennas. The transmission timing control is the same as for inter-cell diversity handover. For details, see 4.1.3.
^{* For} wired transmission, link setup and reception is performed in the same way as when not performing tie-versity handover.
5.2.4.2 Inter-cell tie-over / handover The same transmission / reception signal processing is performed for both uplink and downlink as when tie-over / handover is not performed.
5.2.5. Packet transmission control
5.2.5.1. Usage Packet transmission control is applied when the following services are provided.
^* TCP / IP packet service
^* Modem (RS232C serial data transmission) service
5.2.5.2. Overview The purpose is to transmit data with various traffic characteristics from low density light traffic to high density and large capacity traffic while making efficient use of radio resources and equipment resources. The main features are described below.
(1) Physical channel switching according to the transmission function of traffic, etc. In order to use radio resources and equipment resources effectively without degrading service quality, use according to the transmission function such as traffic volume that varies with time Switch physical channels (logical channels) at any time.

During light traffic: Common control physical channels (FACH, RACH)
During high-density traffic: Dedicated physical channel (UPCH)
(2) Physical channel switching control between MS and BTS Physical channel switching control can be frequently performed. If this switching control spreads to the wired transmission control, it leads to an increase in the wired transmission control load, an increase in the wired transmission cost, an increase in the control load on the BSC and the MSC, and further increases the switching control delay and degrades the service quality. Invite. In order to avoid this, the switching control is executed while being closed between the MS and the BTS, and no wired transmission control, BSC, or MSC control is required.
(3) High-speed HHO between cells
At least, when the common control physical channel is used, it is impossible to execute the diversity handover because the transmission / reception timing cannot be set freely as in the case of the dedicated physical channel.

  When normal DHO is applied to an individual physical channel in performing physical channel switching control, it is necessary to control a plurality of BTSs when switching the individual physical channel, which is caused by an increase in control load and an increase in control delay. Increase service quality. Therefore, hard handover (HHO) is adopted as a method for packet transmission. However, in order to avoid an increase in the amount of interference power due to hard handover, HHO is frequently performed.

Since HHO is frequently performed, if the HHO processing spreads to the wired transmission control, it leads to an increase in the wired transmission control load, an increase in the wired transmission cost, an increase in the control load on the BSC and the MSC, and further to the HHO. The control delay is increased and the service quality is deteriorated. In order to avoid this, the wired section is in a tie-over / handover state, and only the wireless section is HHO. Further, the HHO control is executed while being closed between the MS and the BTS, and does not require any wired transmission control or BSC / MSC control.
5.2.5.3. Inter-cell handover control
^{* The} inter-cell handover procedure is described below. The processing sequence is shown in FIG.
(1) Similar to normal DHO, the mobile station selects a sector that satisfies the conditions for starting the handover of the handover from the perch channel reception level of the surrounding sector, and reports it to the BSC via the BTS.
(2) The BSC also sets the link of the wired line to the diversity handover destination BTS, connects a plurality of links to the DHT, and sets the wired section to the DHO state. (3) The mobile station constantly measures and compares the propagation loss between the BTS and the MS for each BTS from the perch channel reception level of the serving sector and the perch channel reception level of other sectors in the HO. When the propagation loss of other sectors in the HO becomes smaller than the propagation loss of the serving sector, and the difference becomes a predetermined value or more, the start of hard handover is determined. First, the mobile station issues a request for stopping transmission / reception of packet data to the sector where the mobile station was located.
(4) The BTS of the sector where the mobile station was located returns a response signal to the mobile station, and then stops the transmission / reception of the packet data in the radio section and the release process of the radio link. However, the link setting for wired is not changed.
(5) After receiving the response signal from the BTS of the sector where the mobile station was located, the mobile station releases the radio link with the BTS of the sector where the mobile station was located, A packet data transmission / reception request signal is transmitted by RACH. For this signal, the physical channel (common control physical channel or individual physical channel) used in the HO source BTS is used.
(6) From the received RACH information, the HO destination BTS includes information on the physical channel (common control physical channel or individual physical channel) used in the HO source BTS in this signal. Set the physical link to be set for packet data transmission. The link setting for the wired connection is not changed at all, but the connection between the wired link and the wireless link is designated.
^* This processing sequence is the same regardless of the physical channel used (common control physical channel / individual physical channel). However, in setting / releasing a radio link, physical channel setting / releasing processing is required for the dedicated physical channel, but not for the common control physical channel.
5.2.5.4. Inter-sector handover control Examples of connection modes during inter-sector handover are shown in FIGS.

  In the case of the dedicated physical channel (UPCH), the inter-sector DHO can be controlled by being closed to the BTS. Therefore, even during packet transmission, the inter-sector DHO using the maximum ratio combining in both uplink and downlink is the same as in the circuit switching mode. I do.

In the case of a common physical channel (FACH, RACH), the transmission / reception timing cannot be set freely, so that maximum ratio combining is impossible for both uplink and downlink. Therefore, switching control is performed in the BTS and the mobile station so as to perform transmission / reception with only one sector in accordance with the propagation loss of the perch channel. The switching control method is the same as the inter-cell handover process of FIG.
5.2.5.5. Physical channel switching control
(1) Switching judgment node A switching judgment is made based on the following factors in the BTS having the mobile station's serving sector. (2) Switching judgment factors The following factors can be used. Which factor is used depends on the setting. Regarding factors 1 and 2, reporting of information on each factor is started and becomes available.

Factor 1: In-band information from MCC ADP and MS ADP (desired physical channel information)
Factor 2: Monitoring of uplink / downlink traffic volume by BTS Factor 3: Channel switching request layer 3 signal from MS to BTS
(3) Switching determination method The determination is made by comparing the information reported by the factor (2) above with a preset threshold value.
(4) Switching control method
^{* The} switching sequence is shown in FIGS.

  For example, when the mobile station (MS) and the base station (BTS) are communicating on a common physical channel (FIG. 52), when the above switching determination factor occurs, the switching determination is performed in the BTS. In the case of switching as a result of the determination, the BTS performs a dedicated physical channel setting instruction to the MS using the FACH, and performs the specified dedicated physical channel setting process with the MS. Then, the connection of the wired link and the wireless link to the MS is changed from the common control physical channel to the set dedicated physical channel. Communication is then performed on the dedicated physical channel set after that.

  Further, when the mobile station (MS) and the base station (BTS) are communicating with each other through the dedicated physical channel (FIG. 53), the BTS determines whether to switch to the common physical channel. When switching is required, an instruction to release the dedicated physical channel being used is sent to the MS via the UPCH.

  When the MS receives an instruction to release the dedicated physical channel, the MS responds to the instruction and releases the dedicated physical channel being used. Then, the FACH reception of the common physical channel is started.

Upon receiving the response, the BTS releases the dedicated physical channel used for the MS and changes the connection between the wired link and the wireless link. The MS and BTS communicate with each other through a common control physical channel.
^* It is processed in the wireless section only between the mobile station and the BTS, and has nothing to do with the BSC and the wired section.

Since the switching control is determined only by the base station (BTS) and the switching control is performed, the switching control of the wired section (for example, between the base station and the control station (BSC)) is not performed. Can be reduced, and the switching control can be speeded up.
^* The control signal between the mobile station and the BTS is a layer 3 signal and is processed by the BTS.
As described above, the BTS needs to change the connection between the wired link and the wireless link in accordance with the instruction.
5.3. Transmission path interface
5.3.1. Physical interface termination function
^* Electrical level interface
^* Cell level interface
a) Generation / termination of transmission frame ATM cells are mapped using a 6.3M / 1.5M transmission path based on PDH.

  In 6.3M, TS97 and 98 are not used, and TS1 to TS96 are used, and in 1.5M, all of TS1 to 24 are used to transmit ATM cells. At this time, it is not necessary to be aware of the 53-byte delimiter of the ATM cell, but the time slot delimiter and the 1-octet delimiter of the ATM cell are transmitted with their boundaries aligned.

Also on the receiving side, in 6.3M, the data of TS97 and 98 are ignored, and ATM cells are taken out from the range from TS1 to 96. At 1.5M, ATM cells are taken out from TS1 to 24.
b) Establishing cell synchronization
1) First, in order to find a cell boundary, since a octet break is indicated from the physical layer before cell synchronization, a header error control code in units of 4 octets is generated while shifting by 1 octet. Polynomial X ⁸ + X ^2. Calculate by + X + 1, and repeat until it becomes equal to the value obtained by subtracting “01010101” from the value of the fifth octet (modulo 2).
2) Once a place where the HEC (Header Error Correction) value and the calculation result are equal is detected, the pre-synchronization state is assumed assuming that the position is the header position.
3) From the next time, 1 cell later (53 bytes later) is predicted as the header position, HEC is confirmed, and if it is confirmed 6 times continuously, it shifts to the synchronized state.
4) Even in the synchronized state, the HEC confirmation operation is always continued for each cell and the synchronized state is monitored. Even if an HEC error is detected, the synchronization state is maintained if it is less than 7 consecutive times due to synchronization protection. At the 7th consecutive error, the synchronization is lost, and the state returns to 1) for resynchronization.
c) Cell rate adjustment When there is no cell to be sent on the transmission line, when the speed on the transmission line and the ATM cell rate from the ATM layer are different, the cell rate adjustment is used to adjust to the transmission line speed. In the physical interface, an empty cell (IDLE cell) is inserted.

An empty cell is a cell with a fixed pattern, and the cell header is identified by “00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 01010010”. The information field pattern is a repeated pattern string of “01101010”. (See Figure 32)
This empty cell is used only for cell synchronization on the receiving side, and has no other meaning.
^* Cell level scrambler (only applicable to 6.3M)
1) At the cell level, only the information field bits are randomized by a generator polynomial of X ⁴³ +1.
2) Stop descrambling in the cell synchronization hunting state.
3) In the pre-synchronization state and the synchronization establishment state, the descrambler operates for the number of bits equal to the length of the information field and stops in the period expected for the next header.
4) Enable / disenable of this function can be specified by hard switch.
5.3.2. ATM termination function
^* ATM cell VPI / VCI discrimination Each ATM cell has a different VCI / VPI for each application and for each user, and the cell is transmitted to each processing unit by identifying the VPI / VCI.
^* ATM cell VPI / VCI multiplexing In the case of upstream signals, since different VCIs are multiplexed and sent for each VPI, upstream ATM cell signals from the respective applications are output with bandwidth guarantee control.
^* Cell Header Structure ATM cells have a cell header as shown in FIG. The cell header is assigned 8 bits of VPI and 16 bits of VCI, but the detailed coding is separately decided between the exchange and the base station.
^* Coding of ATM header First, the bit transmission order of ATM cells is such that each bit in the octet is transmitted from bit number 8 and the octet is transmitted from octet number 1. In this way, it is sent in order from the MSB.

There are three types of VPI / VCI routing bits in the interface between the base station and the switching center. There are 256 types (8 bits) of VCI from 0 to 255.
^* Line number / VPI / VCI setting (initial)
Line number: The line number is fixed to the mounting position of the HW interface card and the connector position in the card. VPI: Always “0” (not used)
VCI: Specify VCI when setting the link for the wired transmission path
5.3.3. AAL-Type2 control function
^* AAL type 2 protocol This is a variable speed type such as voice encoded with variable speed, and is a protocol that is supposed to provide a service with timing dependency at the transmitting and receiving ends.

For detailed specifications, see ITU-TI. It conforms to 363.2.
a) Service type (requirements, etc.)
AAL type 2 is required for real-time data transfer with variable speed and timing conditions to the upper layer between transmission and reception. In addition, transfer of information for matching the clock and timing between transmission and reception, transfer of information on the structure of data, and the like are required.
b) Type 2 functions Type 2 functions have the same timing conditions as Type 1 and are related to multiplexing functions for data and voice multimedia multiplexing, support for variable rates, cell loss priority, etc. Processing is required.
5.3.4. Downlink signal separation procedure
^* Separation of control signals and communication signals in downstream signals is first identified by the AAL type. AAL types include AAL2 and AAL5, and the AAL type can be identified by VCI. (See 4.2.2.1)
^{* Since the} control signal between the BTS and MCC and the superframe phase correction cell in the AAL5 connection have different VCIs, they are also separated by the VCI.
^{* The} AAL2 connection further includes user identification by CID. Since the CID is different for each call, it is separated by CID.
5.3.5. Bandwidth guarantee control
^* FIG. 55 shows an outline of bandwidth guarantee control.
^* Set the transmission order of short cells and standard cells according to the quality class shown below, and secure each band. Specifically, assuming that short cells and standard cells that exceed the maximum allowable delay time are discarded, the transmission order of short cells and standard cells for each quality class is set so that the cell discard rate becomes the maximum cell discard rate. Set. Transmission order settings are specified.
^{* For} VC to which AAL-Type 5 is applied, VCI and the following quality class for AAL-Type 5 are associated by setting the MATM connection ID.
^{* For} VCs to which AAL-Type 2 is applied, VCI and CID are associated with the quality class for AAL-Type 2 by setting the MATM connection ID.
5.3.5.1. Quality class
5.3.5.1.1. Quality class for AAL-Type5
^{* The following} 6 types of quality class requirements are required within AAL-Type5. Table 28 shows the correspondence between services and quality classes. Actually, when setting the connection of the wired transmission path, the quality class is also set. However, the timing cell VC always has the highest priority (delay 0 ms, discard rate 0).

(Maximum delay allowable time, allowable cell discard rate)
(Highest priority: 0 ms delay, 0 discard rate)
(5 ms, 10 ^-4 )
(5ms, ^10-7 )
(50 ms, 10 ^-4 )
(50ms, ^10-7 )
(AAL-Type2)
5.3.5.1.2. Quality class for AAL-Type2
^{* The following} four types of quality class requirements are required within AAL-Type2. Table 28 shows the correspondence between services and quality classes. Actually, when setting the connection of the wired transmission path, the quality class is also set.

(Maximum delay allowable time, allowable cell discard rate)
(5 ms, 10 ^-4 )
(5ms, ^10-7 )
(50 ms, 10 ^-4 )
(50ms, ^10-7 )
^{* As} shown in Table 28, when there are a plurality of VCs for AAL-Type2, bandwidth allocation for each quality class of AAL-Type2 can be made different for each VC. That is, it is possible to set a transmission order of different short cells for each VC.
5.3.5.2. Uplink signal bandwidth guarantee function
^{* For} upstream signals, AAL-Type2 level bandwidth guarantee and ATM cell level bandwidth guarantee including both AAL-Type2 and AAL-Type5 are required. The uplink ATM cell transmission procedure is shown in FIG. 56 and the uplink AAL-Type2 level carpool cell creation processing is shown in FIG.
^* Cell transmission order data is specified in association with the quality class when the BTS is started up. The short cell and the standard cell select a transmission short cell or a standard cell from each quality class according to the cell transmission order data and perform a multiplexing process to create a transmission cell. When there is no cell of the quality to be extracted in the buffer, another quality cell in the next order can be transmitted.
^* Buffered cells are discarded if they exceed the time according to the allowable delay time of each quality class.
^* An example of cell transmission order data corresponding to Table 28 is shown in FIG.
The transmission cycles of A, B, C,... L are determined in accordance with the assigned bands of A, B, C. (Example ACADAFAC ...)
Further, E, F,..., K, and L determine the transmission order for composing short cells so as to satisfy the respective quality classes. (Example F2 F1 F2 F3 F4 ,,,)
If there is no cell in the corresponding class, the cell with the next priority is transmitted.
^* Interrupt class cells are always sent with the highest priority.

5.3.6. AAL-Type5 + SSCOP function
^* Service type AAL5 is a simplified AAL type provided for signaling information transfer. The main difference from other AAL types is that the payload of type 5 has no header trailer and can transfer 48 bytes. Yes, the communication overhead is minimal.
^* Function of type 5 In type 5, in order to perform data transmission efficiently, error detection is not performed for each cell, but error detection is performed for each user frame. Error detection is performed using CRC-32 check bits. Although this CRC is assigned to each user frame, since it is a 32-bit check bit, it is effective even in an environment with high detection capability and poor transmission quality.

  The type 5 format is shown in FIG.

On the receiving side,
1) Determine the data delimiter by looking at the value of PT (payload type) in the ATM header.
2) Next, CRC check is performed on the extracted payload.
3) Confirm the validity of LENGTH information and specify user data.
^* SSCOP protocol sequence (link establishment, release)
In SSCOP, the roles of the data frame and the control frame are completely separated without adding a response confirmation or flow control information to the data frame between the base station and the exchange. FIG. 60 shows a sequence example from SSCOP link establishment to release.
5.3.7. Up delay addition function
^* SSCOP is applied to the VC for control signal and the VC for paging between BTS and MCC, and is processed by BTS and MCC.

  This is a function intended to measure the system tolerance by adding a delay to the uplink signal when performing an uplink signal synthesis test between different base stations.

  It is possible to add a delay to the upstream signal in steps of 0.625 msec (every frame offset), and it is possible to add a delay up to 100 msec.

The amount of delay can be set with the DIP switch.
5.3.8. Reference timing generation function (radio frame synchronization function)
5.3.8.1. SFN synchronization When the BTS is started up, it establishes the following SFN (System Frame Number) time synchronization with the MCC. The SFN clock generated by the MCC is a master clock in the entire system. The purpose of this process is to establish time synchronization with the MCC SFN clock in the BTS. The time synchronization error is targeted within 5msec. The BTS uses the SFN clock after the synchronization is established as a reference clock in the BTS. The transmission / reception radio channel timing in each sector under the BTS is generated based on this BTS reference SFN clock. (See FIGS. 85 to 88)
SFN synchronization establishment is realized by transmitting and receiving timing cells between MCC and BTS. The procedure is shown in FIG. 61 and will be described in detail below. The numbers in the figure correspond to the numbers in the following sentences.
(1) The BTS generates a Temporary SFN Clock after power-up or at startup after reset.
(2) The BTS acquires the transmission time of the timing cell 1 to be transmitted to the MCC (superframe time and superframe position within the Long Code period).
This time is a transmission time based on Temporary SFN Clock.
(3) The BTS generates timing cell 1. The value of each information element mounted on the timing cell 1 is set as shown in Table 29.

(4) The BTS transmits the timing cell 1 generated in (3) at the transmission time acquired in (2).
(5) The MCC receives the timing cell l and obtains the received time (superframe time and superframe position within the Long Code period). This time is a transmission time based on the SFN Clock generated by the MCC.
(6) The MCC acquires the transmission time of the timing cell 2 to be transmitted to the BTS (superframe time and superframe position within the Long Code period). This time is a transmission time based on the SFN Clock generated by the MCC.
(7) The MCC generates the timing cell 2. The value of each information element mounted on the timing cell is set as shown in Table 30.

(8) The MCC transmits the timing cell 2 generated in (7) at the transmission time acquired in (6).
(9) The BTS receives the timing cell 2 and obtains the received time (superframe time and superframe position within the Long Code period). This time is the reception time based on the BTS Temporary SFN Clock.
(10) The BTS calculates the Temporaru SFN Clock phase correction value X from the received information element of the timing cell 2. FIG. 62 shows a correction value calculation method and a calculation basis. The calculation result of the correction value is stored in the memory.
62, SF_BTS-1: timing cell 1 BTS transmission SF time information LC_BTS-1: timing cell 1 BTS transmission LC counter time information SF_MCC-1: timing cell 1 MCC-SIM reception SF time information LC_MCC-1: timing cell 1 MCC -SIM reception LC counter time information SF_BTS-2: Timing cell 2 BTS reception SF time information LC_BTS-2: Timing cell 2 BTS reception LC counter time information SF_MCC-2: Timing cell 2 MCC-SIM transmission SF time information LC_MCC-2: Timing cell 2 MCC-SIM transmission LC counter time information (11) BTS counts the number of corrections, calculates a correction value, and increments the counter each time it is stored.
(12) The upper limit number N of the number of corrections is stored in the BTS system parameter. The BTS repeats the above (2) to (11) until the counter value becomes the upper limit value N or more. N is 255 or less.
(13) When the upper limit number of corrections is reached, statistical processing is performed on the stored calculation results of a plurality of correction values. (Statistical processing content is provisionally selected as the maximum value among a plurality of calculation results.) The BTS shifts the BTS's Temporary SFN Clock by the correction value calculated by the statistical processing to correct the BTS's SFN Clock. Execute.
(14) When the above operation is completed, the ACT lamp of the BTS HWY interface card is turned on, assuming that the SFN time synchronization with the MCC of the BTS has been completed.

If synchronization is still NG even after a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the transmission of the timing cell, the transmission of the timing cell is stopped and the ERR lamp of the card having the transmission path interface is turned on. Furthermore, the SFN timing is self-propelled, and transmission control in the radio section can be performed according to the self-propelled SFN.
5.3.8.2. Synchronization hold function
^{* The} BTS generates a reference clock from the HWY and can generate various clocks based on this clock.
^{* When} multiple 1.5M-HWYs are connected to the BTS, HWYs that generate clocks can be selected by hard switches such as dip switches.
^{* After the} BTS completes the SFN time synchronization establishment at the start-up, the BTS reference SFN Clock is generated based only on the clock generated from the HWY. As long as the start-up process is not performed again, the BTS reference SFN Clock is not changed by other factors. Autonomous SFN synchronization correction by BTS is not performed. Also, the synchronization correction process triggered by the synchronization correction request from the MCC is not performed.
5.4. Transfer processing method of transmission information between MCC and MS The transfer processing method in the BTS of information transmitted between MCC and MS is different for each logical channel in the radio section. The processing method is shown below. The following description is irrelevant for transmission information between MCC and BTS.
5.4.1. Correspondence between wireless link and wired link Correspondence between wireless section link (physical channel, logical channel) and link in wired section (line number, VPI, VCI, CID) See
5.4.2. Transmission Information Processing Method
5.4.2.1. The downlink table 31 shows the processing method of transmission information received from the wired section for each logical channel.

5.4.2.2. Uplink Table 32 shows the processing method of transmission information received from the radio section for each logical channel.

5.4.3. SAL setting method The SAL setting method in the short cell or standard cell when transmitting uplink transmission information from the wireless section to the wired section is described below. See Table 22 for the basic setting method.
5.4.3.1. SAT
Always use “00” for all logical channels
5.4.3.2. FN
(1) DTCH
^* The FN of the received radio frame is the SAL FN of the short cell or standard cell containing the transmission information transmitted in the radio frame.
^{* As} shown in FIG. 87, the top chip of the radio frame with the uplink long code phase = 0 and FN = 0 is shifted by the sum of the frame offset value and the slot offset value selected at the time of outgoing / incoming connection, and this relationship is DHO It is not changed even if it repeats. Therefore, the FN of the received radio frame is determined based on the uplink long code phase. The determination method is as follows. The phase of the first chip of the received radio frame is P _TOP , the sum of the frame offset value and the slot offset value is P _OFS , and the number of chips in the radio frame is C. Determined by
FN = ((P _TOP −P _OFS ) / C) mod 64
C = 10240,40960,81920,163840 (chip tate = 1.024,4.096,8.192,16.384Mcps)
(2) ACCH
^{* When} one radio unit is set in multiple radio frames (in the case of an individual physical channel of 128 ksps or less), the FN of the first radio frame in the multiple radio frames configuring one radio unit is set as the SAL FN And
^{* The} method for determining the FN of the radio frame is the same as (1) above.
(3) SDCCH, RACH, UPCH
^* The FN of the first radio frame of the single or multiple radio frames constituting the CPSPDU is the SAL FN.
^{* The} method for determining the FN of the radio frame is the same as (1) above.
5.4.3.3. Sync
(1) DTCH, UPCH, SDCCH
^* Set to “0” if the received radio frame is in sync, and set to “1” if it is out of sync.
^* See 5.4.4 below for detailed processing when out of sync. Refer to 5.2.3 for how to determine out of sync.
^{* In} UPCH and SDCCH, when one CPS-PDU is composed of a plurality of radio frames, “1” is set when all radio frames are out of synchronization.
(2), ACCH, RACH
^{* Set to} “0”.
5.4.3.4. BER
(1) DTCH
^{* A} value is set based on the BER estimated value deterioration determination result for each radio frame.
(2) ACCH
^{* A} value is set based on the BER estimated value deterioration determination result for each wireless unit.
(3) SDCCH, UPCH, RACH
^{* A} value is set based on the BER estimated value deterioration judgment result for each CSPPDU.
5.4.3.5. Level
(1) DTCH
^* Set a value based on the level degradation judgment result for each radio frame.
(2) ACCH
^* Set a value based on the level degradation judgment result for each wireless unit.
(3) SDCCH, UPCH, RACH
^{* A} value is set based on the level degradation judgment result for each CSPPDU.
5.4.3.6. CRC
(1) DTCH
^{* A} value is set based on the CRC check result for each selected composition unit.
(2) ACCH
^* Set a value based on the CRC check result for each wireless unit.
(3) SDCCH, UPCH, RACH
^{* A} value is set based on the CRC check result for each CSPPDU. However, since transmission to the wire is performed only in the case of CRC OK, it is substantially always “0”.
5.4.3.7. SIR
(1) DTCH
^{* A} value is set based on the SIR measurement result for each radio frame.
(2) ACCH
^* Set the value based on the SIR measurement result for each wireless unit.
(3) SDCCH, UPCH, RACH
^{* A} value is set based on the SIR measurement result for each CSPPDU (in the case of a plurality of radio frames, an average value in a plurality of frames).
5.4.3.8. RCN, RSCN
Set according to Table 24.
5.4.4. Processing method when out of sync
Table 33 shows the processing for each logical channel when the out-of-synchronization is determined using the method described in 5.5.2.3. Here, since the out-of-synchronization determination does not correspond to the common control physical channel, RACH is not described.

5.4.5. Cell Loss Detection Function When the downlink data from the MCC side does not reach the BTS due to cell loss in the ATM section, the cell loss location is specified from the following parameters. The cell loss detection flow is shown in FIG.
^* Frame number (FN): Used for cell loss detection in all unrestricted services
^* Radio subchannel number (RSCN): Used for unrestricted services (unrestricted service of 128k or more) that have two or more CRC attachment units within 10ms.
^* Radio channel number (RCN): Used for unrestricted services realized by multicode
^* UUI (CPS-User To User Indication): When the CRC addition unit of the inner code exceeds the user payload length of 42 oct (when using RCN or RSCN) or 43 oct (when RCN or RSN is not used) Use Cellulose is detected using the above four parameters.

  Table 34 shows the processing method at the time of cell loss detection.

  As described above, the novel base station apparatus in the mobile communication system of the present invention is optimal for high-speed CDMA digital communication.

It is a block diagram which shows a base station type | system | group apparatus functional structure. It is a figure which shows a logical channel structure. It is a figure which shows a physical channel structure. It is a figure which shows a physical channel signal format. It is a graph which shows the simulation result of the number of different pilot symbols with respect to the symbol rate of 32ksps. It is a graph which shows the simulation result of the different number of pilot symbols with respect to the symbol rate of 128ksps. It is a figure which shows the physical channel signal format for uplink common control. It is a figure which shows a response | compatibility with a physical channel and a logical channel. It is a figure which shows the example of a logical channel mapping to a perch channel. It is a figure which shows a PCH mapping method. It is a figure which shows a FACH mapping method. It is a figure which shows the mapping of DTCH and ACCH to a dedicated physical channel. It is a figure which shows the ACCH mapping method. It is a figure which shows the Wbit usage method. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a convolutional encoder. It is a figure which shows the example of SFN transmission. It is a figure which shows a SFN bit structure. It is a block diagram which shows a downlink long code generator structure. It is a block diagram which shows an uplink long code generator structure. It is a figure which shows the short code production | generation method. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the short code generator for long codes and mask symbols. It is a figure which shows the spreading code generation method using a long code and a short code. It is a figure which shows a spreading | diffusion part structure. It is a figure which shows the example of the random access transmission method. It is a figure which shows Example 1 of the multicode transmission method. It is a graph which shows the simulation result of multicode transmission. It is a figure which shows the example of the multicode transmission method. It is a figure which shows the frame structure with respect to 1544 kbits / s used for transmission of an ATM cell. It is a figure which shows the frame structure with respect to 6312kbits / s1544kbits / s used for transmission of an ATM cell. It is a figure which shows the pulse mask in the apparatus output terminal of 6312 kbit / s. It is a figure which shows the structural example (ATM connection) between BTS-MCC links. It is a figure which shows the structure of an empty cell. It is a figure which shows an AAL-Type2 connection form. It is a figure which shows an AAL-5 connection form. It is a figure which shows the format of AAL-2. It is a figure which shows the format of SAL. It is a figure which shows the format of AAL-5. It is a figure which shows a timing cell signal format. It is a figure which shows a super-frame position. It is a figure which shows the transmission path estimation using a some pilot block. It is a figure which shows transmission power control by the closed loop of SIR base. It is a figure which shows transmission power control timing. It is a figure which shows the transfer to closed-loop transmission power control. It is a figure which shows the uplink transmission power control at the time of inter-cell diversity handover. It is a figure which shows the downlink transmission power control at the time of inter-cell diversity handover. It is a flowchart which shows a dedicated physical channel synchronization establishment flow. It is a figure which shows the example of a packet transmission inter-cell diversity / handover process sequence. It is a figure which shows the example of the connection form at the time of the handover between sectors in an uplink separate physical channel (UPCH). It is a figure which shows the example of the connection form at the time of the inter-sector handover in a downlink dedicated physical channel (UPCH). It is a figure which shows the example of the connection form at the time of the handover between sectors in the physical channel for uplink common control (RACH). It is a figure which shows the example of the connection form at the time of the inter-sector handover in the physical channel for downlink common control (FACH). It is a figure which shows the example of the switching sequence of the channel for common control-an individual physical channel. It is a figure which shows the example of the switching sequence of an individual physical channel-the physical channel for common control. It is a figure which shows a cell header format. It is a figure which shows the zone | band guarantee control outline. It is a flowchart which shows ATM cell transmission control. It is a flowchart which shows an AAL-Type2 cell creation process. It is a figure which shows the example of cell transmission order data. It is a figure which shows the example of a format of AAL type 5. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a SSCOP sequence. It is a flowchart which shows the SFN time synchronization establishment procedure in BTS. It is a figure which shows the BTSSFN Clock phase correction value calculation method. It is a flowchart which shows a cell loss detection flow. It is a figure which shows the coding method of BCCH1,2 (16ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a PCH (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a FACH-Long (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of FACH-Short (normal-node) (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of FACH-Short (Ack-mode) (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a RACH-Long (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a RACH-Short (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a SDCCH (32ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of an ACCH (32 / 64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of an ACCH (128ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of an ACCH (256ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a DTCH (32ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a DTCH (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a DTCH (128ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a DTCH (256ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a DTCH (512ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a DTCH (1024ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a UPCH (32ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a UPCH (64ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a UPCH (128ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows the coding method of a UPCH (256ksps) logical channel. It is a figure which shows a perch channel and the physical channel for common control transmission timing. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating uplink common control physical channel (RACH) transmission timing. It is a figure which shows a separate physical channel transmission / reception timing (at the time of non-DHO). It is a figure which shows a separate physical channel transmission / reception timing (at the time of DHO). It is a figure which shows the transmission pattern of a perch channel. It is a figure which shows the transmission pattern of a downlink common control channel (for FACH). It is a figure which shows the transmission pattern of a downlink common control channel (for PCH). It is a figure which shows the transmission pattern of an uplink common control channel (for RACH). It is a figure which shows the transmission pattern of a dedicated physical channel (during high-speed closed loop transmission power control). It is a figure which shows the transmission pattern of a 32ksps separate physical channel (DTX control). It is a flowchart which shows a CPS PDU assembly method (other than RACH). It is a flowchart which shows a CPS PDU assembly method (RACH).

Claims (4)

In a base station having a plurality of sectors and transmitting a signal composed of a plurality of frames in each of the plurality of sectors,
Means for generating the signal;
Means for spreading the generated signal using a long code;
Means for transmitting the spread signal,
The spreading means makes the phase of a long code different between the plurality of sectors,
The means for transmitting varies the frame transmission timing between the plurality of sectors,
The base station characterized in that the means for transmitting transmits a signal using a plurality of channels in one sector, and makes a frame transmission timing different among the plurality of channels.   2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein a phase of a long code and a frame transmission timing in each of the plurality of sectors are determined based on an offset value of the sector. In a transmission method in a base station having a plurality of sectors and transmitting a signal composed of a plurality of frames in each of the plurality of sectors,
Generating the signal;
Spreading the generated signal using a long code;
Transmitting the spread signal,
The spreading step varies a phase of a long code between the plurality of sectors,
The step of transmitting includes varying a frame transmission timing between the plurality of sectors;
The transmitting step includes transmitting a signal using a plurality of channels in one sector, and changing a frame transmission timing between the plurality of channels. 4. The transmission method according to claim 3, wherein a phase of a long code and a frame transmission timing in each of the plurality of sectors are determined based on an offset value of the sector.

Images