JP2005318655A - Spreading code and timing detecting apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus capable of detecting a despreading code required for communication and the timing of despreading by eliminating timing deviation and phasing influences. <P>SOLUTION: An A-D converted and inputted signal is temporarily stored in a memory 2. A sliding correlator 3 sequentially reads and despreads signals stored in the memory 2. Furthermore, candidates of a despreading code are given from a code generating circuit 8 after adjusting despreading timing. Thus, the despreading code outputted in predetermined timing is used to determine a correlation value using the sliding correlator 3 for the signal outputted from the memory 2. Therefore, signals are stored in the memory 2 to eliminate variations of the correlation value caused by phasing during code determination and despreading timing detection, so that erroneous codes and timings are not determined. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a despread code and despread timing detection apparatus and method in a spectrum communication system or CDMA communication system.

  In communication from a base station to a mobile station, in the asynchronous CDMA system, it is necessary to detect a despreading code and a despreading timing in the base station supplement at the time of initial synchronization or handover. Here, the time of handover means that a user having a mobile terminal moves from one base station to another base station. In this case, the mobile station (mobile terminal) needs to detect the despreading code and the despreading timing used by the base station in order to acquire the signal from each base station transmitting the signal asynchronously. However, as a signal for that purpose, a channel for establishing synchronization called a perch channel is provided. Since the spreading codes of a part of the perch channel or all the data symbols are common to each base station or there are only some candidates, the perch channel can be supplemented by using a predetermined despreading code. Hereinafter, a description will be given on the premise that a spread code of a part of the perch channel or all data symbols is common to each base station or a system having only a few candidates, but this is because there are many types of spread codes of the perch channel. This is because much time is required for establishing synchronization, which is not practical. However, since there are many possible methods for supplementing the perch channel, it is not always necessary that the perch channel has a spreading code common to each base or only a small number, and this affects the configuration of the present invention described below. Not give.

The procedure for establishing synchronization when the spreading codes of some or all of the data symbols of the perch channel are common to each base or only a small number is as follows.
1. When the spreading code of the perch channel is common to each base station, the despreading timing is such that a part of this common code is detected by a correlator such as a matched filter, and the timing at which the maximum correlation value is obtained is used as the synchronization timing. Can be detected.
2. When there are several candidates for the spreading code of the perch channel, the spreading code and the timing with the maximum correlation value can be detected as the synchronization timing by performing the above operation 1 on all the spreading codes that are candidates. it can. In the spread spectrum communication including the CDMA communication, the spread code and the despread code are the same code.
3. When a part of the spreading code of the perch channel is common to each base station, first the despreading timing is supplemented by the code common to each base station, and then the non-common code is despread with several candidate spreading codes It is also possible to detect codes that are not common to the base stations.

  When the base station specific code is supplemented after the processing of 1, 2, 3 and there are several candidates for the base station specific spreading code, It can be considered that the process is the same as the process. In the case of obtaining correlations among several candidate spreading codes, the despreading for the candidates is repeated.

  The fact that there are several candidates for the spreading code of the perch channel and that there are several candidates for the code unique to the base station is equivalent in terms of processing, so the configuration for detecting the spreading code unique to the base station will be described below. To do. In this case, unlike the case of the perch channel, the spreading code is different for each base station, and the number thereof is not limited to a small number.

  If initial synchronization and clock synchronization are not taken, it takes time to repeat the despreading for the candidate, and due to the deviation of the local oscillator for the clock timing of the base station and mobile station, the timing gradually shifts, There is a possibility that correct correlation values of all candidate codes cannot be obtained. In addition, there is a possibility that the received power changes due to fading during processing, and the correlation values cannot be compared correctly.

  As means for solving this problem, a configuration as shown in FIG. 10 has been proposed. First, the received signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 1000 in order to acquire the synchronization timing by the perch channel. In the following description, the processing of the received signal will be described on the assumption that it is digitally processed. However, it is not necessarily digital, and an analog processing may be employed. The received I-phase and Q-phase signals are sent to matched filter 1001 and sliding correlators 1005-1 to 1005-3, respectively. In the figure, I + jQ is described by omitting the description of the configuration for processing the I-phase signal and the Q-phase signal. Since the I-phase signal carrier and the Q-phase signal carrier are 90 ° out of phase with each other, the I-phase signal and the Q-phase signal are described as complex numbers such as I + jQ. To make it easier to understand.

  Although the matched filter 1001 is originally provided for the I phase and the Q phase, it is described as if a complex signal (complex signal) is processed by one matched filter 1001 for the reason described above. The matched filter 1001 receives a code specifying signal from the timing code holding circuit 1011 and thereby receives a despread code from a code generation circuit 1012 that generates a despread code. The matched filter 1001 obtains a correlation value while shifting the despreading timing and inputs the correlation value to the power generator 1002. The power generator 1002 calculates the square sum of the correlation value of the I phase and the correlation value of the Q phase. This is because the phase of the I-phase and Q-phase signals rotates due to fading and other factors, so that the sum of correlation values does not become unduly small when calculating the integrated value in the subsequent stage. It is to do. If the correlation value sum is unreasonably small, even if despreading is performed at the correct timing using the correct spreading code, the despreading code and timing are correct due to the small correlation value sum. It is because it becomes impossible to recognize.

  The correlation value that has been subjected to the above processing by the power generator 1002 is input to an accumulating unit that includes an adder 1003 and a memory 1004, and the correlation values for a plurality of symbols of the input signal are accumulated. The correlation value accumulated over a plurality of symbols of the input signal is input to the switch 1009. When the perch channel is detected, the integrated value of the correlation value from the memory 1004 is input to the comparator 1010. Comparator 1010 receives an integrated value of correlation values obtained at each timing. The comparator 1010 determines whether or not the integrated value is greater than a predetermined value, and outputs a signal. When the spreading code of the perch channel is common to each base station, the operation is only for obtaining the correct despreading timing. Based on the output from the comparator 1010, the timing code holding circuit 1011 determines whether the despread code used for capturing the perch channel is correct or the correct despread timing, and the despread code is incorrect. In this case, the code generating circuit 1012 outputs another despread code, and the matched filter 1001 repeats the detection of the synchronization timing.

  When the spreading code of the perch channel is common to each base station, the timing code holding circuit 1011 compares the integrated values of the correlation values of the respective despreading timings output from the matched filter 1001 and determines the correct despreading timing. Judgment and synchronization detection are performed. If there are multiple perch channel spreading codes, keep the accumulated correlation value as many as the number of perch channel spreading codes, and use the correct despreading code when the largest accumulated value is used. Assuming that processing is performed at the despreading timing, synchronization detection is performed.

  The timing code holding circuit 1011 sends the synchronization timing signal obtained by capturing the perch channel to the code generation circuits 1006-1 to 1006-3, and detects the spreading code unique to each base station. Candidate codes are output to the code generation circuits 1006-1 to 1006-3 at the acquired synchronization timing. Unlike the matched filter 1001, the sliding correlators 1005-1 to 1005-3 are configured to detect only correlation values only at a predetermined timing. However, the hardware configuration is considerably smaller than the matched filter 1001. In addition, it is more advantageous than the matched filter 1001 in terms of circuit configuration and power consumption. One configuration example of the sliding correlators 1005-1 to 1005-3 will be described later.

  In the configuration shown in the drawing, three sliding correlators 1005-1 to 1005-3 and code generation circuits 1006-1 to 1006-3 are provided, and the synchronization timing acquired by the timing code holding circuit 1011 is set forward and backward. The correlation value by despreading is acquired even at a slightly shifted timing. This takes into account that even if the synchronization timing is obtained once due to the frequency difference between the base station clock and the mobile station clock, a gradual shift occurs. According to this configuration, it is known that despreading can be performed well even if a slight timing shift occurs.

  The correlation values output from the sliding correlators 1005-1 to 1005-3 are converted into the sum of squares of the I-phase correlation value and the Q-phase correlation value by the power generator 1007 as described above. Then, the integration circuit 1008 integrates the sum of squares of a plurality of symbols of the despread code of the input signal and inputs the sum to the switch 1009. When detecting a spreading code unique to each base station, the switch 1009 is switched to output a signal from the integrating circuit 1008 to the comparator 1010. The comparator 1010 determines whether or not the sum of squares is greater than a predetermined value, and sends the result to the timing code holding circuit 1011. The timing code holding circuit 1011 determines from the comparison result of the comparator 1010 that the despread code corresponding to the largest integrated correlation value is the spread code used by the base station to be received. Thereafter, communication is performed using the despread code.

  As described above, in the configuration shown in the figure, despreading in a range corresponding to the deviation of the local oscillator for clock timing is performed using a plurality of correlators, and despreading is performed before and after the timing detected at the initial stage. Choose a large correlation value. However, this method is effective for timing shift, but the influence of fading cannot be removed.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of detecting a despreading code necessary for communication and a despreading timing without the influence of timing shift and fading.

  The detection apparatus according to the present invention includes a storage means for storing a transmitted signal, a code generation means for sequentially generating codes that are candidates for a despread code, and a storage means for storing the code in the direct spread CDMA signal demodulator. Code used for despreading when it corresponds to a correlation value acquisition means for reading out the received signal and despreading with the code, and a case where the correlation value obtained by the correlation value acquisition means is the maximum or a reference value or more And detecting means for detecting as a spreading code on the transmission side.

  The detection method of the present invention is a method for detecting a spreading code and a despreading timing in a demodulator of a direct spreading CDMA signal, comprising: (a) storing a transmitted signal; (b) a despreading code candidate; (C) a step of reading the signal stored in step (a) and despreading with the code; and (d) a correlation value obtained in step (c) is maximized. Alternatively, the method includes a step of detecting a code used for despreading as a spreading code on the transmission side when dealing with a case where the reference value is exceeded.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a detection device including: a storage unit that stores a transmitted signal, a code generation unit that generates a code that is a candidate for a despread code, and a storage unit that stores a transmitted signal. Correlation value acquisition means for reading a signal stored in the means and despreading while shifting the phase of the code, and when dealing with a case where the correlation value obtained by the correlation value acquisition means is the maximum or a reference value or more And detecting means for detecting the phase of the code used for despreading as despreading timing.

  According to the present invention, the received signal is temporarily stored in a storage unit such as a memory, and the signal is read from the storage unit to obtain a correlation value. Therefore, when the received signal is despread as it is, it is possible to prevent the correlation value from changing due to fluctuations in the signal intensity due to the influence of fading or the like. Therefore, for a plurality of spreading codes, the signal intensity changes while obtaining the correlation value, and the correlation value of the code that should originally exhibit the maximum correlation value is smaller than the correlation value of the code that should originally be a small correlation value. It will never become. That is, it is possible to accurately determine the code.

  Similarly, when detecting the despreading timing, the correlation value is obtained using the signal stored in the memory, and the inverse when the correlation value corresponding to the maximum value or the reference value is obtained is obtained. Get the diffusion timing. Therefore, the influence due to fading can be removed and accurate timing detection can be performed.

  Even when despreading is repeated with a plurality of codes, correlation values can be compared correctly, and the timing of despreading and the accuracy of code detection are improved.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention in which a common code and a base station specific code are performed by a sliding correlator.
It mainly comprises a code generation circuit 8, a sliding correlator 3, a memory 2, an integration circuit 5, a comparator 6, and a timing code holding circuit 7. In the following description, a configuration for processing a complex signal in the above-described sense will be described.

The operation procedure is shown below.
1. After the perch channel received complex signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 1, the voltage value is stored in the memory 2. The voltage data is sequentially read from the memory 2 and despread by the sliding correlator 3. At this time, the code generation circuit 8 generates common spreading codes by sequentially shifting the timing. The power generator 4 generates a square absolute value of the complex signal. In order to reduce the influence of noise, the integration circuit 5 integrates the plurality of symbols and performs substantial averaging. The comparator 6 holds the maximum or large m timings in the timing code holding circuit 7 as the despread timing.
2. Correlation values are detected using the sliding correlator 3 for the m signals detected in step 1 for the complex signal spread with the spreading code unique to each base station, using the codes that are candidates in turn. At this time, the code generation circuit 8 generates k candidate spread codes unique to the base station.
3. The comparator 6 detects n spread codes having a large correlation output. The timing, code, and correlation value are held in the timing code holding circuit 7. The detection of the despreading code and the despreading timing is terminated with the timing and code that obtains the maximum correlation value obtained in 3 as the despreading timing and the code of the base station. Note that the processing time can be shortened by using a plurality of sliding correlators and performing despreading at different timings in parallel.

  That is, the A / D-converted input complex signal has a voltage value stored in the memory 2, and the stored input complex signal is used to identify a base station-specific spreading code and detect a despreading timing. The despreading timing is determined by measuring the time when the input complex signal is stored in the memory 2 with a clock (not shown), and despreading the transmitted signal with a period of time when the base station-specific spreading code repeats. Get the timing to do. That is, the difference between the timing at which the complex signal is read from the memory 2 and the timing at which the code generation circuit 8 outputs the despread code is held, and the timing difference at which the correlation value increases is specified as the case of synchronization. By considering the difference together with the timing when the input complex signal is stored in the memory 2, the synchronization timing for the transmitted signal is obtained. In addition, the base station specific spreading code is identified by the code generating circuit 8 sequentially outputting candidate despreading codes, and the code having a large correlation value as the base station specific spreading code, and the reverse in the subsequent communication. Used for diffusion.

  The timing at which the code generation circuit 8 outputs the despread code is changed because the correlation value can be detected by the sliding correlator 3, but the correlation at a specific timing is not provided. This is because only the value can be obtained. Therefore, the correlation values at various timings are obtained by changing the timing at which the despreading code is input to the sliding correlator 3. The power generator 4 is provided for the same reason as described above.

  In this way, signals used for specifying the spreading code and the despreading timing are stored in the memory 2 and stored in the memory 2 until the processing is completed for all timings and all candidate codes. By using the existing signal, the influence of fading can be eliminated. That is, when receiving a transmission signal repeatedly transmitted and performing timing detection and code identification on the received signal, fading occurs due to movement of the mobile station, and the signal strength changes. . Therefore, the correlation value obtained by multiplying the signal by the despreading code also increases or decreases in value reflecting the change in the signal strength. Therefore, for example, if the signal strength when obtaining the correlation value when despreading is performed at the synchronized timing is small, the correlation value may be smaller than the correlation value at the other non-synchronized timing. is there. This makes it impossible to accurately detect the synchronization timing based on the magnitude of the correlation value. The same applies to the case where a base station-specific spreading code is detected, and the correlation value when a correct despreading code is used is smaller than when a wrong despreading code is used due to fading. There is a possibility of becoming.

  However, if the signal stored in the memory 2 is used, the intensity of the signal to be despread does not change during timing detection or code identification, and thus the above-described problem does not occur. That is, the influence due to fading can be completely eliminated.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a sliding correlator. The sliding correlator includes a multiplier 10 that multiplies an input signal by a despread code for each chip, an integration unit that includes an adder 11 and a flip-flop 12, and a flip-flop 13 that stores an integration result. The input signal is the same for both analog and digital signals, but here an 8-bit digital signal is assumed. The multiplier 10 is, for example, an exclusive OR (EX-OR), and performs despreading by multiplying an input signal by a despreading code. At this time, the despread code is input to the multiplier 10 at a predetermined timing. This predetermined timing is the despreading timing. The signal despread by the multiplier 10 is input to the integrating unit. First, the signal is input to the flip-flop 12 through the adder 11 and the feedback path. The value of the flip-flop 12 is input to the adder 11 with a delay of one chip of the despread code, and is added to the despread value of one chip of the next input despread code. This is performed for one symbol of the input signal, and when an integrated value is obtained, a reset signal is input to the flip-flop 12. The integrated value is held in the flip-flop 13 and output.

Thus, unlike the matched filter, the sliding correlator detects and outputs a correlation value only for a despread code input at a certain timing.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration for performing a memory access operation according to the first embodiment. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG.

  In addition to the configuration described with reference to FIG. 1, a control unit 23 is provided for performing processing for storing an input signal in the memory 2 and reading a signal from the memory 2. The control unit 23 inputs a read / write switching signal indicating which should be performed to the selector 20 that switches input of an instruction to perform reading or writing to the memory 2. When the input signal is stored in the memory 2, the control unit 23 inputs a write initialization signal to the write counter (counts the address) 21 to output the head address to be written. At this time, the selector 20 selects an input port from the write counter 21 as an input port, and the address from the write counter 21 is input to the memory 2. Then, the memory 2 is in a write state, and an input signal from the A / D converter 1 is input to the memory 2.

  When the signal is stored in the memory 2, a read initialization signal is input to the read counter 22 and the sliding correlator 3 and a read / write switching signal is input to the selector 20 from the control unit 23. A read address from the memory 2 is output from the read counter 22 and is input to the memory 2 via the selector 20. Then, the stored signal is read from the memory 2 and input to the sliding correlator 3. At this time, the control unit 23 instructs the code generation circuit 8 to specify a despread code to be output and a code phase initial to instruct at which timing the despread code is to be output. A value signal is input. The code generation circuit 8 generates a code according to the instructions of the code designation signal and the code phase initial value signal and inputs the code to the sliding correlator 3. Also, the read initialization signal from the control unit 23 is input to the sliding correlator 3 to reset the sliding correlator 3 for a new correlation value detection process. For example, both flip-flops 12 and 13 in FIG. 2 are reset. Further, the control unit 23 acquires the despreading timing from the value of the code phase initial value signal input to the code generation circuit 8 and outputs it to the timing code holding circuit as a timing holding signal. 4 to 6 are flowcharts for explaining the flow of processing in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the overall processing flow. First, in step S1, the memory, the timer, and the memory address are cleared in order to start processing. Further, in step S2, the maximum value Xmax of the correlation value integrated value, the phase Pcmax of the despread code when the integrated value indicates the maximum value, and the candidate despread code indicating the maximum integrated value are identified. Clear the number kmmax. In step S3, the I-phase signal value Di and the Q-phase signal value Dq converted into digital signals by the A / D converter are stored in the memory. In step S4, the memory address Am is set in accordance with the increment of the timer value, and in step S5, it is determined whether or not the number of addresses to which signals are input exceeds the necessary data length. Here, Am is generally an address of a memory, but in the description of the figure, numbers are sequentially numbered from the head of the input signal. The input signal is stored at one address for each chip of the spread code. If it is determined in step S5 that the signal has not been stored for the required data length, the process returns to step S3 to further read the signal. If it is determined in step S5 that only the necessary data length has been stored in the memory, the process proceeds to step S6. In step S6, a despreading process is performed, and in step S7, the maximum correlation value Xmax, the phase Pcmax of the corresponding code, and the number kmax for specifying the code are stored, and the process ends.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the despreading process of FIG. First, in step S10, a code P [k] that is a candidate for use in despreading and an initial phase Pc = 0 of the code are set. Here, P [k] represents a code specified by k. In step S11, the integrating circuit is reset, and in step S12, the I-phase correlation value Sci and the Q-phase correlation value Scq of the sliding correlator are reset to “0”. In step S13, the memory address Am is also reset to “0”.

In step S14, the I-phase signal value Di [Am] and the Q-phase signal value Dq [Am] stored at the location indicated by the address Am in the memory are read from the memory. In step S15, a despreading operation is performed. That is, the Am chip-th signal values Di [Am] and Dq [Am] from the head of the address or input data, and the Pc + Am chip-th value P [k] [Pc + Am] of the code P [k] specified by k And multiply. In step S16, Am is incremented, and it is determined whether Am exceeds the symbol length. If the symbol length is not exceeded in step S16, the process returns to step S14, the next signal value is read, despread in step S15, and the despread values are integrated. If Am exceeds the symbol length in step S16, the despreading over one symbol is completed in step S15. Therefore, in step S17, the influence of the rotation of the phase between the I phase and the Q phase is affected. Electric power (Sci ² + Scq ² ) for suppression is performed. In step S18, it is determined whether Am exceeds the required data length. If the required data length is not exceeded, the process returns to step S12 to despread the next symbol.

  If Am exceeds the required data length in step S18, the values converted into electric power for the symbols included in the required data length are integrated in step S17, so that this integrated value X and integrated value X are obtained. The code phase Pc and the number k specifying the code are output to the comparator (step S19). In the comparator, the comparator processing in step S20 is performed. In step S21, the code phase value Pc (in this case, the number sequentially assigned from the beginning of the symbol) is incremented, and it is determined whether or not Pc exceeds the symbol length. If Pc does not exceed the symbol length, processing has not been performed for all phases, so the process returns to step S11 and is repeated. If it is determined in step S21 that Pc exceeds the symbol length, all the phases have been processed. In step S22, the number k for specifying the code is incremented, and the value of k is It is determined whether the number of candidate codes has been exceeded, that is, whether the processing has been completed for all candidate codes. If k does not exceed the number of candidate codes, the process has not been completed for all codes, so the process returns to step S11 to repeat the process. If k exceeds the number of candidate codes, the process ends.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the comparator processing of FIG. In step S30, the number k specifying the code, the phase Pc of the despread code, and the integrated value X output in step S19 of FIG. 5 are input. In step S31, it is determined whether or not the integrated value obtained by the current processing is greater than the currently set maximum value Xmax. If the current value is less than or equal to the maximum value, the process ends. If the current value is larger, in step S32, the current X, Pc, k is set to Xmax, Pcmax, kmax, and the process ends.

  4 to 6, the phase when multiplying the code having the maximum integrated correlation value and the despread code can be known. In the above description, the case where the sampling rate of the input signal is the chip rate and oversampling is not described. However, since the level of the input signal actually fluctuates, a rate larger than the chip rate is used. Oversampling is performed, and processing is performed using a value having the highest level in one chip. In this case, the phase when multiplying by the despreading code is changed in units of the sampling rate, and the method of designating the read address of the signal value and the chip of the despreading code when performing the despreading process. This needs to be changed, but this will be easily understood by those skilled in the art.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention in which a common code and a base station specific code are performed by a matched filter. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

It mainly includes a code generation circuit 8, a matched filter 30, a memory 2, an integration circuit 5, a comparator 6, and a timing code holding circuit 7. The operation procedure is shown below.
1. A voltage value of the received complex signal of the perch channel converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 1 is stored in the memory 2. The voltage data is sequentially read from the memory 2 and despread by the matched filter 30. The despreading results of the I-phase and Q-phase signals are converted into power values by the power generator 4. Then, in order to reduce the influence of noise, integration is performed over a plurality of symbols by the integration circuit 5, and substantial averaging is performed. The timing code holding circuit 7 holds m timings that are the largest, larger, or greater than the reference value by the comparator 6 as the despreading timing.
2. Next, the correlation value is detected using the matched filter 30 for the m signals detected in step 1 for the complex signal spread with the spreading code unique to each base station, using the code that is a candidate in turn. At this time, the code generation circuit 8 generates k candidate spread codes unique to the base station.
3. The comparator 6 detects n spread codes having a large correlation output. The timing, code, and correlation value are held in the timing code holding circuit 7. The detection of the despreading code and the despreading timing is terminated with the timing and code that obtains the maximum correlation value obtained in 3 as the despreading timing and the code of the base station. In addition, it is also possible to shorten the processing time by using a plurality of matched filters 30 to perform processing on a plurality of despread codes in parallel.

  That is, the A / D converted input signal is stored in the memory 2. Next, a read signal is input to the memory 2 from a control unit (not shown), and the stored signal is output. The code generation circuit 8 sends a despread code to the matched filter 30 based on an instruction from the timing code holding circuit 7. At this time, the matched filter 30 takes a correlation value. At this time, the matched filter 30 outputs the correlation value while shifting the timing of multiplying the reception signal by the despread code according to the clock in the apparatus, so the despread code is received from the timing when the maximum correlation value is obtained. It is possible to know the timing at which to multiply. Unlike the first embodiment, the code generation circuit 8 does not need to adjust the phase of the code and output it.

  The correlation value obtained by the matched filter 30 is converted into electric power by the electric power generator 4 and integrated by the integration circuit 5, and then the comparator 6 indicates whether the integrated value is larger than a predetermined value. Whether the code and the despread timing are determined to be correct is sent to the timing code holding circuit 7. The timing code holding circuit 7 instructs the sequential code generation circuit 8 to output different despread codes, and causes the matched filter 30 to perform despreading sequentially with candidate despread codes. Then, a code and timing indicating the maximum correlation value, or a plurality of codes and timing indicating correlation values equal to or higher than a predetermined reference value are held in the timing code holding circuit 7.

  In this embodiment, since a matched filter is used, the hardware configuration of the correlator becomes large, but it is not necessary to control the phase when the code is output from the code generation circuit 8, and the maximum correlation value The despreading timing indicating

  For example, when a sliding correlator is used, when the time required for timing detection differs greatly from the time required for code determination, the required memory capacity is used for timing detection and used for code determination. It may vary greatly from thing to thing. However, when using a matched filter, the timing is determined by the power, the instantaneous power is detected by the matched filter, and the power is integrated in the appearance period of the common code to reduce the memory capacity. Can do.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the present invention in which despreading timing detection is performed using a common code by a matched filter and a base station specific code is performed using this method.
In the figure, the same components as those described above are given the same reference numerals. It mainly comprises code generation circuits 8-1 and 8-2, a matched filter 30, a sliding correlator 30, a memory 2, a memory 41, a comparator 6, a switch 42, and a timing code holding circuit 7.

The operation procedure is shown below.
1. First, the input 42 is selected by the switch 42 in the detection of the perch channel. A common spreading code is detected from the received complex signal by a matched filter. The I-phase and Q-phase signals are powered by the power generator 4-1. In order to reduce the influence of noise, the memory 41 and the adder 40 are used as an integrator, and the signals at the same timing are averaged. It is stored in the memory 41 as power. After the averaging by the integration is completed, the power data is sequentially read from the memory 41, and the timing code holding circuit 7 holds the m timings from the largest or larger one or the reference timing or more m timings as the despread timing. To do.
2. In the detection of the code unique to each base station, input 1 is selected by the switch 42. The voltage value of the received complex signal is stored in the memory 2. After the memory 2 is stored, the correlation value is detected using the sliding correlator 3 with the codes that are candidates sequentially for the m timings detected in the procedure 1.
3. The comparator 3 detects n spreading codes from those having a large correlation output. The timing, code, and correlation value are held in the timing code holding circuit 7. The detection of the despreading code and the despreading timing is terminated with the timing and code that gives the maximum correlation value obtained in 3 as the despreading timing and the code of the base station.

  In detection of the perch channel, a signal in which the code of the perch channel appears is repeatedly sent at a predetermined interval, and these are repeatedly despread over a plurality of periods in order to improve the S / N ratio of the received signal. In such a case, once the data is stored in the memory 2 and despread as in the first embodiment, the amount of signals to be stored in the memory 2 increases, and the memory 2 also increases in size. Therefore, only for detection of the perch channel, the matched filter 30 is used to detect the correlation value and timing in real time and store them in the timing code holding circuit 7. When a code unique to the base station is detected, it is temporarily stored in the memory 2, and the influence of fading is removed to obtain the correlation value and timing, thereby minimizing the hardware scale. Therefore, efficient synchronization timing acquisition and code determination can be performed. Since codes unique to each base station are normally transmitted continuously, detection with a good S / N ratio can be performed if the processing by the sliding correlator 3 or the like is continuously performed.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention when the memory 2 and the memory 41 are shared in the third embodiment. In the present embodiment, in the case where the memory 2 and the memory 41 do not need to operate at the same time as in the third embodiment, the circuit scale can be reduced by sharing the memory 2 and the memory 41. .

  In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals. It mainly comprises code generation circuits 8-1 and 8-2, a matched filter 30, a sliding correlator 3, a memory 50, a comparator 6, a switch 51, a switch 52, and a timing code holding circuit 7.

The operation procedure is shown below. This is basically the same as that of the third embodiment.
1. First, input 0 is selected by the switch 51 in the reception of the perch channel. Input 0 is selected by switch 52. A common spreading code is detected from the received complex signal by the matched filter 30. The power generator 4-1 converts the signal into power. In order to reduce the influence of noise, the memory 50 and the adder 40 are used as an integrator, and signals at the same timing are averaged. It is stored in the memory 50 as power. After the averaging is completed, the power data is sequentially read from the memory 50, and the comparator 6 holds the m timings from the largest, the largest, or the reference value or more as despreading timings in the timing code holding circuit.
2. Next, when detecting a code unique to each base station, the switch 51 selects the input 1. Input 1 is selected by switch 52. The voltage value of the received complex signal is stored in the memory 50. After being stored in the memory 50, the correlation value is detected by using the sliding correlator 3 with the codes that are candidates sequentially for the m timings detected in the procedure 1.
3. The comparator 6 detects n spread codes having a large correlation output. The timing, code, and correlation value are held in the timing code holding circuit 7. The detection of the despreading code and the despreading timing is terminated with the timing and code at which the maximum correlation value obtained in 3 is obtained as the despreading timing and the code of the base station.

  According to the present embodiment, the memory 50 is shared based on the insight that detection of a perch channel using the matched filter 30 and detection of a code unique to each base station are not performed simultaneously. Therefore, the number of memories can be reduced, which contributes to downsizing of hardware. Also, reducing the time when the memory 50 is not used leads to effective use of hardware resources.

  In the present embodiment, when the perch channel is received, the input signal converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 1 is despread by the matched filter 30. A despreading code for detecting the perch channel is generated by the code generation circuit 8-1 that has received an instruction from the timing code holding circuit 7. The obtained correlation value is converted into power by the power generator 4-1 and input to the adder 40. The adder 40 adds the correlation value of the previous symbol and stores it in the memory 50 through the switch 51. The addition value stored in the memory 50 is input to the adder 40 via the feedback path, and is added to the correlation value of the next symbol. In this way, when the correlation values are accumulated for a plurality of symbols, the correlation values are applied to the input 0 of the switch 52, input to the comparator 6, and the timing code holding circuit 7 is notified of the timing for despreading.

  When determining a code unique to each base station, the digitized input signal is stored in the memory 50 via the input 1 of the switch 51. The signals stored in the memory 50 are sequentially input to the sliding correlator 3 in accordance with the procedure described in the first embodiment, and are received from the code generation circuit 8-2 that has received an instruction from the timing code holding circuit 7. Is despread by the despread code output at the phase of. The correlation value obtained as a result of despreading is input to the power generator 4-2 and is converted into electric power. Then, the signal is integrated by the integrating circuit 5 in order to improve the S / N ratio, and is input to the comparator 6 via the switch 52. From the comparison result of the comparator 6, the code used by the base station and the despreading timing are input to the timing code holding circuit 7.

In each of the above embodiments, when a plurality of voltage-power converters (power generator: I ² + Q ² ) or a code generator are described, they can be shared by selectors, switches, and the like. In addition, all the embodiments are configured with a digital circuit, but can be realized with an analog circuit. Therefore, it is only necessary to provide as many A / D converters as necessary in the necessary places.

  It is also conceivable that a signal affected by fading is held in a memory. In such a case, as a result of sequentially detecting the correlation values in the subsequent stage, if all the data does not reach the predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the stored data is abnormal, the input data is input again, and the correlation value is detected again. Thus, correct code detection can be performed.

It is a figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention which performs a common code | cord | chord and a code | symbol specific to a base station by a sliding correlator. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a sliding correlator. It is a figure explaining the structure which performs memory access operation | movement of 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart (the 1) explaining the flow of a process in 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart (the 2) explaining the flow of a process in 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart (the 3) explaining the flow of the process in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention which performs a common code | cord | chord and a code | symbol specific to a base station by a matched filter. It is a figure which shows the 3rd Embodiment of this invention when the detection of a despreading timing performs a common code | cord | chord by a matched filter, and performs the code | symbol specific to a base station using this system. It is a figure which shows the 4th Embodiment of this invention in the case of sharing the memory 2 and the memory 41 in 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional spreading code and timing detection apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1 A / D converter 2, 41, 50 Memory 3 Sliding correlator 4, 4-1, 4-2 Power generator 5 Integration circuit 6 Comparator 7 Timing code holding circuit 8, 8-1, 8-2 Code generation Circuit 10 Multiplier 11, 40 Adder 12, 13 Flip-flop 20 Selector 21 Write counter 22 Read counter 23 Control unit 30 Matched filter 42, 51, 52 switch

Claims (4)

A first correlation calculation is performed to obtain a correlation by shifting the timing relatively between the received signal and a predetermined spreading code, and between a plurality of types of spreading codes based on the timing obtained by the first correlation calculation. In a mobile station supporting direct spreading CDMA that performs a second correlation calculation to obtain a correlation,
A storage unit for storing received signals;
A control unit that performs the first correlation calculation and the second correlation calculation using a received signal stored in the storage unit;
A mobile station characterized by comprising: A first correlation calculation for obtaining a correlation by relatively shifting the timing between a received signal and a spread code common to a plurality of base stations is performed, and N patterns (N) are calculated based on the timing obtained by the first correlation calculation. 2), a second correlation calculation for obtaining a correlation with a spreading code of 2 or more) is performed, and a base station that has transmitted a signal received at the timing is identified as one of N types. In a mobile station supporting spread CDMA,
A storage unit for storing received signals;
A control unit that performs the first correlation calculation and the second correlation calculation using a received signal stored in the storage unit;
A mobile station characterized by comprising: A first correlation calculation for obtaining a correlation by relatively shifting the timing between the received signal and a predetermined common spreading code is performed, and a plurality of types of spreading codes are calculated based on the timing obtained by the first correlation calculation. In a mobile station supporting direct spreading CDMA, which performs a second correlation calculation to obtain a correlation between
A storage unit for storing received signals;
The calculation between the received signal and the predetermined common spreading code performed for the first correlation calculation is performed without storing the received signal in the storage unit, and the second correlation calculation is performed using the first correlation calculation. A control unit that uses a received signal stored in the storage unit after calculating one correlation, and allows a correlation to be obtained for a plurality of timings obtained by the first correlation calculation,
The first correlation calculation is to obtain a correlation with a signal transmitted by each base station at a predetermined interval by relatively shifting the timing between the received signal and the predetermined common spreading code. ,
A mobile station characterized by that. A first correlation calculation is performed to obtain a correlation by shifting the timing relatively between the received signal and a predetermined spreading code, and between a plurality of types of spreading codes based on the timing obtained by the first correlation calculation. In a correlation detection method in a mobile station corresponding to direct spread CDMA, which performs a second correlation calculation to obtain a correlation,
Storing a received signal;
Performing the first correlation calculation and the second correlation calculation using a received signal stored in the storage unit;
A correlation detection method comprising:

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