JP2005316378A - Compatibilizer, polyester resin composition for toner, and toner - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compatibilizer which improves dispersibility of wax in toner and allows the toner to be excellent in low temperature fixing property, high temperature offset resistance, anti-blocking property, spent resistance and filming resistance, and to provide a polyester resin composition for toner, and the toner. <P>SOLUTION: The compatibilizer is used for making polyester and wax compatible in the toner which contains at least binder resin consisting of polyester resin, and wax. Therein, the compatibilizer is made by allowing polyester to react with maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention is a compatibilizing agent capable of improving the dispersibility of wax in the toner and making the toner excellent in low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, spent resistance, and filming resistance, The present invention relates to a polyester resin composition for toner and toner.

  A dry development method is frequently used as a method for developing an electrostatic image in electrophotography or the like. In the dry development system, the toner is usually charged by friction with iron powder, glass beads, etc., called a carrier, which adheres to the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor by electrical attraction, and then transferred onto the paper, It is fixed by a heating roller or the like and becomes a permanent visible image.

  As a fixing method, a heating roller method is generally used in which a toner image of a fixing sheet is passed through a surface of a heat fixing roller formed with a material having releasability with respect to a toner while being in pressure contact. ing.

In this heat fixing roller method, there is a demand for a toner that can be fixed at a lower temperature in order to improve economy such as power consumption and to increase the copying speed.
However, when trying to improve the low-temperature fixability described above, an offset phenomenon in which a part of the toner adheres to the surface of the heat-fixing roller and retransfers to the paper is likely to occur, or the resins are subjected to various environments. There has been a problem that a blocking phenomenon in which toner aggregates easily occurs due to heat.
Further, there has been a problem that filming occurs due to toner adhering to a blade, a photosensitive drum, a fixing roll, or the like.

For these problems, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose using a crystalline polyester resin or an amorphous polyester resin as a binder resin for toner.
However, with these techniques, it has been difficult to maintain high-temperature offset resistance, filming resistance, and blocking resistance, and low-temperature fixability has been insufficient.

Conventionally, as a method for preventing the offset phenomenon and filming, a method in which a toner such as polyolefin wax, carnauba wax, or candelilla wax is contained in the toner to give the toner itself releasability has been performed.
In order for such a wax to exhibit sufficient releasability, it is necessary that the wax is finely dispersed in the toner. However, as the wax content increases, the dispersibility of the wax in the toner deteriorates. As a result of the increased amount of wax exposed on the toner surface, the toner aggregates at high temperatures, and the spent phenomenon that the toner contaminates the carrier during long-term use and filming on the fixing roll may occur. It was.
Further, in the pulverization process and classification process when the toner is produced, wax desorption occurs, so that the wax content is lowered and the low-temperature fixability may be impaired.
Furthermore, when used as a toner for full-color printing, there is a problem that the transparency of the toner is deteriorated and good color development cannot be performed.
Accordingly, there has been a demand for a toner that does not cause blocking or filming while ensuring low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset resistance, and spent resistance.

Japanese Patent No. 2988703 Japanese Patent No. 2704282

  The present invention is a compatibilizing agent capable of improving the dispersibility of wax in the toner and making the toner excellent in low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, spent resistance, and filming resistance, It is an object to provide a polyester resin composition for toner and a toner.

The present invention is a compatibilizing agent for compatibilizing a polyester and a wax in a toner containing at least a binder resin composed of a polyester and a wax, and the compatibilization is performed by reacting the polyester with a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin. It is an agent.
The present invention is described in detail below.

The compatibilizing agent of the present invention is obtained by reacting polyester with maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin.
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that if a compound generally obtained by reacting a polyester generally used as a resin for toner and a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin is used as a compatibilizing agent, the dispersibility of wax in the toner The toner using the polyester resin composition for a toner containing such a compatibilizer has excellent spent resistance, filming resistance, high temperature offset resistance, and low temperature fixability, It has been found that a toner excellent in blocking resistance can be obtained.
This is because the polyester and the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin are melt-kneaded and reacted under a temperature condition such that the transesterification reaction of the polyester sufficiently proceeds, thereby allowing the polyester portion and wax excellent in compatibility with the polyester to react. This is considered to be because an ester having a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin portion excellent in the compatibility of is produced.

  As the polyester used in the compatibilizing agent of the present invention, those usually used as a resin for toner can be used, but it is preferable to use the same type as the polyester used as a binder resin for toner. For example, as described later, when a mixed resin of crystalline polyester and amorphous polyester is used as the binder resin of the toner, the same crystalline polyester, amorphous polyester, or a mixed resin thereof can be used.

  The weight average molecular weight of the polyester is preferably 3000 to 20000. If it is less than 3000, fluidity is deteriorated when used in toner. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20000, the reactivity with the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin is lowered. More preferably, it is 3500-17000.

  The maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin is not particularly limited as long as the polyolefin is chemically modified with maleic anhydride, and examples thereof include maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene.

  The maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin has a preferred lower limit of 1000 and a preferred upper limit of 20000 for the weight average molecular weight. If it is less than 1000, the storage stability of the toner may be adversely affected. If it exceeds 20000, the low-temperature fixability of the toner may be adversely affected.

  Although it does not specifically limit as an acid value of the said maleic anhydride modified polyolefin, A preferable minimum is 1 mgKOH / g and a preferable upper limit is 100 mgKOH / g. When the amount is less than 1 mg KOH / g, the amount of the ester having the polyester portion and the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin portion is insufficient, and the effect of finely dispersing the wax as a compatibilizing agent is insufficient. When it exceeds 100 mgKOH / g, when producing a compatibilizing agent, reaction with polyester advances too much and crosslinking will progress and it will gelatinize.

  When the polyester and the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin are reacted to obtain a compatibilizer, the preferred lower limit of the amount of the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin added is 5% by weight, and the preferred upper limit is 30% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, the amount of ester having a polyester part and a maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin part will be insufficient, and the effect of finely dispersing wax as a compatibilizer will be insufficient. If it exceeds 30% by weight, when the compatibilizer is prepared, the reaction with the polyester proceeds excessively, and the crosslinking proceeds and gelation occurs. In addition, since the preferable upper limit of the addition amount of the said maleic anhydride modified polyolefin changes with the acid values of the said maleic anhydride modified polyolefin, it is not limited to the numerical value mentioned above.

  The method for producing the compatibilizing agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the transesterification reaction of the polyester sufficiently proceeds. For example, the polyester and the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin are reacted in a reaction vessel or melt-extruded. Using a machine, melt and knead the polyester at a temperature at which the transesterification reaction proceeds sufficiently, and react the polyester with the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin to produce an ester in which the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin is introduced into the polyester. The method etc. which produce the compatibilizing agent of this invention by are mentioned.

  The preferable lower limit of the temperature at which the transesterification reaction of the polyester sufficiently proceeds is 200 ° C, and the preferable upper limit is 280 ° C. When the temperature is less than 200 ° C., the transesterification reaction does not proceed easily, and the amount of the ester product produced is insufficient. When the temperature exceeds 280 ° C., the dispersibility of the wax in the toner may not be improved due to thermal decomposition or thermal degradation of the produced ester. A more preferred lower limit is 230 ° C., and a more preferred upper limit is 260 ° C.

  Since the compatibilizer of the present invention has excellent compatibility with both polyester and wax, the dispersibility of the wax in the toner can be improved by adding the compatibilizer of the present invention to the toner, The toner can be excellent in low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, spent resistance, and filming resistance.

  By using the binder resin made of polyester, the wax, and the compatibilizer of the present invention, a toner containing the compatibilizer of the present invention can be produced. Here, as a method for preparing the toner, a polyester resin composition for toner containing the binder resin made of polyester and the compatibilizer of the present invention and a wax, an additive, etc., or a binder made of polyester is used. A method of mixing a polyester-based resin composition for toner containing a resin, a wax, and a compatibilizing agent of the present invention with an additive or the like can be used. The polyester-based resin composition for toners containing the binder resin composed of such polyester and the compatibilizer of the present invention is also one aspect of the present invention. The polyester-based resin composition for toner contained is also one aspect of the present invention.

As the polyester that can be used as the binder resin, those usually used as a binder resin in a toner can be used.
In particular, when a mixed resin of crystalline polyester and non-crystalline polyester is used, there is little decrease in viscosity at high temperature, so that a toner having excellent low-temperature fixability and storage stability and good offset resistance is realized. be able to

The crystalline polyester can be obtained by condensation polymerization of dicarboxylic acid and diol.
Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include o-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, octyl succinic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and itacone. Examples include acids, decamethylene carboxylic acids, anhydrides and lower alkyl esters thereof. Among these, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and anhydrides and lower alkyl esters thereof are preferably used for imparting crystallinity.

  Examples of the diol include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene. Glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, neopentyl glycol (2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol), 1,2-hexanediol, 2, Aliphatic diols such as 5-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol; 4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclo) Hexyl) alkylene oxide adducts of propane, 1,4-cyclohexane diol, alicyclic diols such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.

As the crystalline polyester, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are particularly preferable.
Since polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) has a high crystallization rate and a high degree of crystallization, a toner obtained using this has excellent offset resistance. Further, since the compatibility with the amorphous polyester is excellent, the toner obtained using the polyester has excellent low-temperature fixability and gloss.
Since polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has a high crystalline melting point, the toner obtained using this has excellent offset resistance at high temperatures. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is inferior to polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) in terms of crystallization speed and crystallinity, but these points can be improved by adding a crystal nucleating agent. These crystalline polyesters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The non-crystalline polyester can be obtained by polycondensing a dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
The glass transition temperature of non-crystalline polyester is such that aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid improve the glass transition temperature, and long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as sebacic acid and adipic acid lower the glass transition temperature. Since it has a function, the target glass transition temperature can be achieved by appropriately combining these dicarboxylic acids. However, even if an objective glass transition temperature can be achieved by appropriately combining an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, the softening temperature tends to be too high.
Therefore, the non-crystalline polyester comprises a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol containing at least either a divalent bending monomer capable of introducing a bent molecular structure into the molecular chain or a divalent monomer having a branched chain. It is preferable to polymerize the monomer mixture containing.
A polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing these divalent bending monomers and divalent monomers having a branched chain can easily achieve both a desired glass transition temperature and a low softening temperature, and can be crystallized. It can be effectively suppressed.

  Examples of the divalent bending monomer include aromatic dicarboxylic acids in which the ortho position or the meta position is substituted with a carboxyl group, aromatic diols in which the ortho position or the meta position is substituted with a hydroxyl group, and many having a carboxyl group in an asymmetric position. It is not limited to dicarboxylic acid or diol as long as it is a monomer capable of introducing a molecular structure bent into the molecular chain of a polymer such as a ring aromatic dicarboxylic acid or a polycyclic aromatic diol having a hydroxyl group at an asymmetric position. Products, lower esters, monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids, etc., for example, dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic anhydride, o-phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc. And their anhydrides and lower esters; salicylic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalene Monohydroxy monocarboxylic acids such as carbon acid; catechol include diols such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.

A divalent monomer having a branched chain effectively suppresses crystallization of the polymer due to steric hindrance of the branched chain. Examples of the monomer having a branched chain that can effectively suppress crystallization include an aliphatic diol having a branched alkyl chain and an alicyclic diol having a branched alkyl chain. The alicyclic diol is preferably an alicyclic diol in which a plurality of alicyclic diols are linked by a branched alkylene chain.
The divalent monomer having a branched chain is not particularly limited. For example, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, neopentyl glycol (2,2-dimethylpropane- 1,3-diol), 1,2-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3- Aliphatic diols such as hexanediol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol; 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane, 2 , Alicyclic diols such as an alkylene oxide adduct of 2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane.
Among them, the amorphous polyester obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture mainly composed of terephthalic acid, neopentyl glycol, and ethylene glycol and / or 1,4-butanediol has excellent low-temperature fixability and transparency. To preferred.

  The amorphous polyester preferably contains two types of amorphous polyesters having different average molecular weights. The melt viscosity of the amorphous polyester is determined by its molecular weight. If a low molecular weight polyester is used as the non-crystalline polyester, the melt viscosity of the toner is lowered, so that excellent low temperature fixability can be obtained. However, when an amorphous polyester having a small molecular weight is used, the high temperature offset resistance and storage stability are inferior, and kneading with the crystalline polyester becomes difficult.

The combination of two types of non-crystalline polyesters having different weight average molecular weights includes non-crystalline polyesters having a weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 20,000 as low average molecular weights, and weight average molecular weights as high average molecular weights. A non-crystalline polyester of 20,000 to 300,000 is used.
When the weight average molecular weight of the non-crystalline polyester having a small average molecular weight is less than 3000, the strength of the polyester resin composition for the toner is lowered, resulting in insufficient durability of the toner. In addition, it cannot exhibit low-temperature fixability. A more preferred upper limit is 8000.
When the weight average molecular weight of the non-crystalline polyester having a large average molecular weight is less than 20,000, the resulting toner has insufficient high-temperature offset resistance, storage stability and kneadability with the crystalline polyester. Further, the low-temperature fixability of the toner becomes insufficient. A more preferable lower limit is 30,000, and a more preferable upper limit is 200,000.

  The blending ratio of the non-crystalline polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 20,000 and the non-crystalline polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 300,000 is non-crystalline having a weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 20,000. It is preferable that the non-crystalline polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 300,000 is 10 to 60% by weight with respect to 40 to 90% by weight of the polyester. When the blending amount of the amorphous polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 20,000 is less than 40% by weight, the low-temperature fixability of the toner may be insufficient. High temperature offset property, storage stability, and kneadability with crystalline polyester may be insufficient.

When the crystalline polyester and the amorphous polyester are used in combination, the crystalline polyester and the amorphous polyester are preferably compatible with each other. When the crystalline polyester and the non-crystalline polyester are compatible, the polyester resin composition for toner becomes colorless and transparent, and is suitable as a polyester resin composition for color toners that can perform good color development. In addition, since it has a high resin strength, it can be suitably used as a polyester-based resin composition for toner having excellent high-temperature offset resistance.
The term “compatible” refers to a state in which the crystalline polyester and the non-crystalline polyester are uniformly mixed. These may be completely compatible or partially compatible. .

As the wax, those usually added to a toner can be used. For example, olefin wax and paraffin wax such as polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene oxide wax; carnauba wax, sazol wax, Aliphatic ester waxes such as montanic acid ester wax; Deacidified carnauba wax; Saturated aliphatic acid waxes such as baltimic acid, stearic acid and montanic acid; Unsaturated aliphatics such as pracidic acid, eleostearic acid and valinalic acid Acid-based waxes: Stearyl alcohol, aralkyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, carnauvyl alcohol, seryl alcohol, melyl alcohol, and other saturated alcohol waxes and aliphatic alcohol waxes; Sol Polyhydric alcohol waxes such as Toll; saturated fatty acid amide waxes such as linoleic acid amide, oleic acid amide, lauric acid amide; methylene bis stearic acid amide, ethylene bis capric acid amide, ethylene bis lauric acid amide, hexamethylene bis stearin Saturated fatty acid bisamide waxes such as acid amides; Unsaturated acid amides such as ethylene bisoleic acid amide, hexamethylene bisoleic acid amide, N, N′-dioleyl adipic acid amide, N, N′-dioleyl sebacic acid amide Waxes; aromatic bisamide waxes such as m-xylene bis stearamide, N, N′-distearylisophthalamide; fatty acid metal salts such as calcium stearate, calcium laurate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate; Graft-modified wax obtained by graft polymerization of vinyl monomers such as tylene and acrylic acid onto polyolefin; partial ester wax obtained by reacting fatty acid such as behenic acid monoglyceride and polyhydric alcohol; hydroxyl obtained by hydrogenating vegetable oil Methyl ester wax having a group; ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax having a high content of ethylene component; long-chain alkyl acrylate wax such as saturated stearyl acrylate wax such as acrylic acid; aromatic acrylate wax such as benzyl acrylate wax; Examples include Tropsch wax. Among these, long-chain alkyl acrylate waxes and aromatic acrylate waxes are preferable because they are highly compatible with the polyester resin composition for toners and can provide a highly transparent toner. These waxes may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but it is particularly preferable to use in combination of two or more waxes having a melting point of 30 ° C. or more.
The size of the wax in the toner is not particularly limited, but the major axis is preferably 2 μm or less.

  The polyester resin composition for toner of the present invention preferably contains a crystal nucleating agent. By containing the crystal nucleating agent, crystallization of the crystalline polyester component can be promoted. Although it does not specifically limit as said crystal nucleating agent, For example, metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, iron (III) oxide, and titanium oxide; Calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, lead silicate, Inorganic salts such as magnesium silicate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and potassium titanate; organic acid salts such as calcium oxalate and sodium oxalate; clays such as talc, kaolin, clay mica and wollastonite It is done. In addition, the shape of the crystal nucleating agent is not particularly limited, and may be amorphous, in addition to a plate shape and a spherical shape.

Although it does not specifically limit as an acid value of the polyester-type resin composition for toners of this invention, A preferable minimum is 1 mgKOH / g and a preferable upper limit is 30 mgKOH / g. Such an acid value is attributed to an acidic functional group at the end of the main chain of the crystalline polyester or the non-crystalline polyester, specifically, for example, a carboxyl group. When the acid value is in this range, the toner obtained is excellent in low-temperature fixability, and the affinity with paper is also improved.
Unlike the conventional polyester resin composition for crosslinked toner containing a high-molecular-weight polymer of 1 million level, the polyester-based resin composition for toner contains only a polymer having a molecular weight of about several hundred thousand. The acidic functional group is distributed relatively uniformly, and further high low-temperature fixability can be obtained.

  The method for producing the polyester-based resin composition for toner of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, after preparing the compatibilizer of the present invention, the polyester and wax such as crystalline polyester and amorphous polyester, Examples thereof include a method of melt-kneading the compatibilizer of the invention with a reaction kettle or a melt extruder. By adding maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin to polyester and wax and melt-kneading, the step of producing only the compatibilizing agent of the present invention is omitted, and the polyester resin composition for toner of the present invention is directly produced. It is good as well.

Using the polyester-based resin composition for toner of the present invention as a binder resin, if necessary, a toner resin comprising a colorant, a charge control agent, a magnetic material, a rubbery polymer, and a styrene-acrylate copolymer, A toner can be produced by mixing with an additive such as a carrier and a cleaning property improving agent.
A toner using the polyester resin composition for toner of the present invention is also one aspect of the present invention.

The colorant is not particularly limited. For example, carbon black such as furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, acetylene black, channel black, aniline black, phthalocyanine blue, quinoline yellow lamp black, rhodamine-B, azo pigment, Examples include perylene pigments, perinone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, dioxazine pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, selenium pigments, indico pigments, quinophthalone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinacridone.
The preferable lower limit of the blending amount of these colorants is usually 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin composition for toner, and the preferable upper limit is 10 parts by weight.

There are two types of charge control agents, positive charge and negative charge. Examples of the charge control agent for positive charge include nigrosine dyes, ammonium salts, pyridinium salts, and azines. Examples of the charge control agent for negative charge include chromium complexes and iron complexes. Among them, an acid-modified charge control agent is suitable, and if it is salicylic acid-modified, it is crosslinked with the polyester resin composition for toner and exhibits rubber elasticity. Metal complexes of alkyl-substituted salicylic acid such as di-tert-butylsalicylic acid chromium complex and di-tert-butylsalicylic acid zinc complex are preferable because they are colorless or light-colored and do not affect the color tone of the toner. As the charge control agent, a charge control resin (CCR) can also be suitably used. Examples of the charge control resin include a styrene acrylic polymer obtained by copolymerization of a monomer containing a quaternary ammonium salt, an organic fluorine-based monomer, a sulfonic acid group-containing monomer, a phenylmaleimide monomer, and the like.
The preferred lower limit of the amount of these charge control agents is usually 0.1 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin composition for toner, and the preferred upper limit is 10 parts by weight.

As said magnetic body, brand name "TAROX BL series" (made by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.), brand name "EPT series", brand name "MAT series", brand name "MTS series" (all made by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) , Product name "DCM series" (manufactured by Dowa Iron Powder Co., Ltd.), product name "KBC series", product name "KBI series", product name "KBF series", product name "KBP series" (all manufactured by Kanto Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) ), Trade name “Bayoide E series” (manufactured by Bayer AG), and the like.
With conventional toners, when a magnetic material is added, shear heat generation occurs in the kneading process, and the temperature of the resin rises, making it impossible to apply sufficient torque, making it difficult to finely disperse the wax. However, in the toner of the present invention, even when a magnetic material is added, since the polyester and the wax have excellent compatibility, the wax can be finely dispersed.

Examples of the rubbery polymer include natural rubber, polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, nitrile rubber (acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer), chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, polyurethane elastomer, silicone rubber, and ethylene-propylene copolymer. , Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, chlorosulfinated polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, epichlorohydrin rubber, nitrile isoprene Synthetic rubber such as rubber, elastomer such as polyester elastomer, urethane elastomer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, steel Down - ethylene butylene - styrene block copolymer, styrene - ethylene propylene - block copolymer of an aromatic hydrocarbon and a conjugated diene hydrocarbon such as styrene block copolymers. In addition, a styrene-butadiene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene block copolymer, etc. may be mixed with the block copolymer, and these hydrogenated substances may be mixed.
Further, a rubbery polymer comprising a block copolymer of an aromatic hydrocarbon having a polar group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an aldehyde group, a sulfonyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a halogen group and a conjugated diene is used as a toner. It is preferable because of its excellent affinity with. These block copolymers having polar groups at the ends can be obtained by living polymerization.
The rubbery polymer can improve the resin strength of the resin contained in the toner. Therefore, the toner containing the rubber-like polymer can prevent the filming phenomenon of the toner, and a toner suitable for the non-magnetic one-component toner requiring high resin strength can be obtained.

  Examples of the carrier include simple metals such as iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, chromium, and rare earth, alloys, oxides, and ferrites. The surface of the carrier may be oxidized. Carrier surface is polytetrafluoroethylene, monochlorotrifluoroethylene polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone polymer, polyester, di-tert-butylsalicylic acid metal complex, styrenic polymer, acrylic polymer, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, nigrosine base May be coated with a functional dye, silica powder, alumina powder or the like. By coating the carrier, preferable triboelectric chargeability can be imparted to the carrier.

  The cleaning property improving agent is not particularly limited as long as the fluidity of the toner is improved by mixing with the toner particles. When the fluidity of the toner is improved, the toner is less likely to adhere to the cleaning blade. For example, fluorine polymer powder such as vinylidene fluoride polymer, acrylic polymer powder such as acrylate polymer, fatty acid metal salt powder such as zinc stearate, calcium stearate, lead stearate, zinc oxide powder, titanium oxide powder, etc. Examples thereof include metal oxide powder, fine powder silica powder, silica powder surface-treated with a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, silicon oil, and the like, and fumed silica. In addition, as the cleaning property improver, a sphere having a particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.5 μm made of an acrylic polymer, a styrene polymer, or the like can be suitably used.

The particle size of the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, but particularly high image quality can be obtained when it is 5 μm or less.
The moisture content of the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a preferred lower limit is 0.01% by weight and a preferred upper limit is 0.2% by weight. If it is less than 0.01% by weight, production becomes difficult due to problems in production, and if it exceeds 0.2% by weight, sufficient charging stability may not be obtained.
The repose angle of the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the preferred lower limit of the repose angle at 23 ° C. and 60% humidity is 1 degree, and the preferred upper limit is 30 degrees. If it is less than 1 degree, handling of the toner may be difficult, and if it exceeds 30 degrees, the fluidity of the toner may be insufficient. The angle of repose of the toner can be measured by, for example, a powder tester (for example, PT-N type manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation).

  The surface roughness of the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a preferred lower limit is 0.01 μm and a preferred upper limit is 2 μm. If it is less than 0.01 μm, it may be difficult to perform printing, and if it exceeds 2 μm, the surface gloss of the resulting image may be insufficient. The surface roughness can be measured by a method defined in JIS B 0601 as a method for measuring the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of a printed portion of an image printed using the toner of the present invention.

  When the toner of the present invention is used for an application that is particularly required to have excellent surface gloss, the viscosity of the toner of the present invention is preferably 100 mPa · s, and the preferred upper limit is 50,000. mPa · s. If it is less than 100 mPa · s, the storage stability may be inferior, and if it exceeds 50,000 mPa · s, sufficient surface gloss may not be obtained. A more preferable upper limit is 10,000 mPa · s.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compatibilizer of the present invention in the toner of the present invention is 0.1% by weight, and the preferable upper limit is 10% by weight. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the content of the compatibilizer of the present invention is small, and the wax may not be finely dispersed. If it exceeds 10% by weight, the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin in the toner The content of the portion increases, which may adversely affect the low-temperature fixability and electric resistance.

  The toner of the present invention can improve the dispersibility of the wax in the toner and is excellent in low temperature fixing property, high temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, spent resistance, and filming resistance. It is economical because the time from printing to printing can be shortened, and it is economical, and even when the temperature of the roller decreases, the sharpness of the image can be maintained, so that the printing speed can be increased. Can do. Further, since the toner of the present invention is colorless and transparent, a desired color can be easily adjusted, and good color development can be performed when used as a toner for full-color printing. The toner of the present invention is excellent in image reproducibility.

In addition, the toner of the present invention may be fixed by a fixing roller to which a release oil is applied, but can exhibit good fixability even if the release oil is not applied to the fixing roller.
Further, the toner of the present invention can exhibit good fixability in a wide range from low temperature to high temperature, and is excellent in both low temperature fixability, high temperature offset resistance, and blocking resistance. Furthermore, the toner of the present invention is easily pulverized, exhibits sharp melting characteristics, and gives a glossy fixed image.

  According to the present invention, the dispersibility of the wax in the toner is improved, and the compatibilization can be made into a toner having excellent low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, spent resistance, and filming resistance. Agent, a polyester resin composition for toner, and a toner can be provided.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Example 1)
(1) Preparation of crystalline polyester A distillation column, a water separator, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, a thermometer and a stirring measure were installed in a conventional method in a 60 L reaction vessel, and terephthalic acid as a dicarboxylic acid component in a nitrogen gas atmosphere 100 mol, 120 mol of 1,4-butanediol is added as a diol component, 0.05 mol of titanium tetrabutoxide (TBB) is charged as an esterification condensation catalyst, and water generated is distilled from a distillation column at 220 ° C. An esterification reaction was performed. The esterification reaction was completed when water no longer distilled from the distillation column.
After completion of the esterification reaction, the opening to the distillation column of the 60 L reaction vessel is closed, the line from the vacuum pump is opened, the inside of the reaction system is decompressed to 5 mmHg or less, and the condensation reaction is carried out at 240 ° C. with a stirring rotational speed of 60 rpm. And free diol generated by the condensation reaction was distilled out of the reaction system to obtain a high melting crystalline polyester.

(2) Preparation of non-crystalline polyester (A) A distillation column, a water separator, a nitrogen gas inlet tube, a thermometer and a stirring measure were installed in a 60 L reaction vessel according to a conventional method, and dicarboxylic acid was added in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. 90 mol of terephthalic acid as component, 5 mol of isophthalic acid as bending monomer component, 5 mol of phthalic anhydride, 60 mol of neopentyl glycol as branched monomer component, 60 mol of ethylene glycol as other diol, titanium tetrabutoxide (as esterification condensation catalyst) TBB) 0.05 mol was charged, and the esterification reaction was carried out at 200 ° C. while distilling the produced water from the distillation column. The esterification reaction was completed when water no longer distilled from the distillation column.
After completion of the esterification reaction, the opening to the distillation column of the 60 L reaction vessel is closed, the line from the vacuum pump is opened, the inside of the reaction system is decompressed to 5 mmHg or less, and the condensation reaction is carried out at 240 ° C. with a stirring rotational speed of 60 rpm. And the free diol produced by the condensation reaction was distilled out of the reaction system to obtain an amorphous polyester (A).

(3) Preparation of non-crystalline polyester (B) A distillation column, water separator, nitrogen gas inlet tube, thermometer and stirring measures were installed in a conventional manner in a 60 L reaction vessel, and dicarboxylic acid was added in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. 90 mol of terephthalic acid as component, 10 mol of isophthalic acid as bending monomer component, 60 mol of neopentyl glycol as branching monomer component, 60 mol of ethylene glycol as other diol, 0.05 mol of titanium tetrabutoxide (TBB) as esterification condensation catalyst The esterification reaction was carried out at 200 ° C. while distilling the produced water from the distillation tower. The esterification reaction was completed when water no longer distilled from the distillation column.
After completion of the esterification reaction, the opening to the distillation column of the 60 L reaction vessel is closed, the line from the vacuum pump is opened, the inside of the reaction system is decompressed to 5 mmHg or less, and the condensation reaction is carried out at 240 ° C. with a stirring rotational speed of 60 rpm. And the free diol produced by the condensation reaction was distilled out of the reaction system to obtain an amorphous polyester (B).

(4) Preparation of compatibilizer A distillation column, a water separator, a nitrogen gas introduction tube, a thermometer and a stirring measure were installed in a 60 L reaction vessel according to a conventional method, and an acid value of 80 mgKOH / g was obtained in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. 10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (AC-597A: manufactured by Haneywell) and 90 parts by weight of non-crystalline polyester (A) are heated at 250 ° C., and after melting, kneading and stirring are continued for 30 minutes to carry out the esterification reaction. And a compatibilizer was obtained.

(5) Preparation of toner 10 parts by weight of the obtained crystalline polyester, 80 parts by weight of the amorphous polyester (A) and 10 parts by weight of the non-crystalline polyester (B) were fed into a twin screw extruder of L / D = 37. The resulting mixture was melt kneaded at a barrel temperature of 240 ° C. to obtain a toner resin.
94 parts by weight of the obtained resin for toner, 6 parts by weight of a compatibilizer, 1 part by weight of a charge control agent (TN-105: manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of magenta pigment belonging to Carmine 6B, 5 parts by weight of carnauba wax (Melting point 83 ° C.) was sufficiently mixed with a Henschel mixer, melt-kneaded at 130 ° C., cooled and coarsely pulverized. Thereafter, it was finely pulverized by a jet mill (Lab Jet: manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd.) to obtain a toner powder having an average particle size of about 8 to 12 μm. Further, this toner powder was classified by a classifier (MDS-2: manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Co., Ltd.) to obtain a toner fine powder having an average particle diameter of about 10 μm. To 100 parts by weight of the toner fine powder, 1.0 part by weight of hydrophobic silica (R972: manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was uniformly mixed (added externally) to prepare a toner.

(Example 2)
In the production of the compatibilizing agent, the compatibilizing agent was used using 20 parts by weight of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (AC-950P: manufactured by Haneywell) having an acid value of 40 mgKOH / g and 80 parts by weight of the amorphous polyester (A). A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was obtained.

(Example 3)
In the production of the compatibilizing agent, the compatibilizing agent was used by using 10 parts by weight of maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene (AC-575P: manufactured by Haneywell) having an acid value of 35 mgKOH / g and 90 parts by weight of the amorphous polyester (A). A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was obtained.

Example 4
A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Fischer-Tropsch wax (melting point: 105 ° C.) was used as the wax in the production of the toner.

(Example 5)
A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts by weight of crystalline polyester and 90 parts by weight of amorphous polyester (A) were melt-kneaded.

(Example 6)
10 parts by weight of crystalline polyester, 80 parts by weight of non-crystalline polyester (A), and 10 parts by weight of non-crystalline polyester (B) are melt kneaded at a barrel temperature of 240 ° C. using a twin screw extruder with L / D = 37. Thus, a resin composition was obtained. 100 parts by weight of this resin composition and 6 parts by weight of a compatibilizing agent were melt kneaded at a barrel temperature of 140 ° C. using a twin screw extruder with L / D = 37 to obtain a polyester resin composition for toner.
To 100 parts by weight of the obtained polyester resin composition for toner, 1 part by weight of a charge control agent (TN-105: manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of magenta pigment belonging to Carmine 6B, 5 parts by weight of carnauba wax (melting point) 83 ° C.) was sufficiently mixed with a Henschel mixer, and a toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture was melt-kneaded at 130 ° C.

(Example 7)
In the production of the compatibilizing agent, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene having an acid value of 7 mg KOH / g (trade name Umex 110TS, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used as the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin, and the olefin wax added to the toner was A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (trade name Umex 110TS, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.

(Comparative Example 1)
In preparation of the toner, 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin composition for toner, 1 part by weight of a charge control agent (TN-105: manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of magenta pigment belonging to Carmine 6B, 5 parts by weight of carnauba wax A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (melting point: 83 ° C.) was sufficiently mixed with a Henschel mixer and then melt-kneaded at 130 ° C.

(Comparative Example 2)
In the preparation of the toner, 100 parts by weight of the polyester-based resin composition for toner, 1 part by weight of a charge control agent (TN-105: manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of magenta pigment belonging to Carmine 6B, and 5 parts by weight of Fischer-Tropsch wax. A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the parts (melting point: 105 ° C.) were sufficiently mixed with a Henschel mixer and then melt-kneaded at 130 ° C.

(Comparative Example 3)
In preparation of the toner, 100 parts by weight of the polyester-based resin composition for toner, 1 part by weight of a charge control agent (TN-105: manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by weight of magenta pigment belonging to Carmine 6B, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 parts by weight of wax (trade name Umex 110TS, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was thoroughly mixed with a Henschel mixer and then melt-kneaded at 130 ° C.

(Evaluation)
The toners produced in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were evaluated by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Measurement of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution]
(1) Crystalline polyester As a GPC measurement device, HTR-C manufactured by Nihon Millipore Limited is used, and HFIP-806M (two) manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd. is connected in series to the column, and the weight average molecular weight is determined. It was measured. The measurement conditions were a temperature of 40 ° C., a sample having a 0.1 wt% hydroxyfluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solution (passed through a 0.45 μm filter), an injection volume of 100 μL, and a carrier solvent having a TFA of 0.1 per liter. HFIP containing 68 g was used. Standard polystyrene was used as a calibration sample.
(2) Amorphous polyester As a GPC measuring device, HTR-C manufactured by Nihon Millipore Limited was used, and KF-800P (1), KF-806M (2), KF- manufactured by Showa Denko K.K. 802.5 (one) was connected in series and the weight average molecular weight was measured. The measurement conditions were as follows: the temperature was 40 ° C., the sample was a 0.2 wt% THF solution (passed through a 0.45 μm filter), the injection amount was 100 μL, the carrier solvent was THF, and standard polystyrene was used as the calibration sample.

[Measurement of glass transition temperature (Tg)]
After holding at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point for a while, quenching was performed to prepare a sample in which crystallization was completely suppressed. This sample was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd., DSC-6200R) at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min according to JIS K 7121, and the standard (9.3 “glass” The intermediate glass transition temperature described in “How to determine transition temperature”) was determined.

[Measurement of crystal melting point (Tm) and endotherm]
Using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-6200R, manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 10 mg of the sample was heated at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, and measured according to JIS K 7121. The melting peak value described in “How to Obtain Melting Temperature”) was determined and used as the crystalline melting point Tm, and the endothermic amount at the crystalline melting point Tm was determined from the DSC chart.

[Evaluation of blocking properties]
Take 10 g of toner in a 100 mL sample bottle, leave it in a thermostatic bath at 50 ° C. for 8 hours, and then screen with a 250 μm filter using a powder tester (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron) to observe whether aggregates remain on the filter. When there was an aggregate, the weight (% by weight) of the aggregate with respect to the toner weight was determined.

[Filming evaluation]
After 10,000 sheets were printed, whether the toner adhered to the fixing roller was visually observed. If no toner adhered, the film was evaluated as having no filming.

[Gross evaluation]
Using a gloss meter (gloss meter, UGV-50, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.), a test paper painted black with toner was attached to the gloss meter, the optical path was set so that the reflection angle was 75 degrees, and the gloss level was measured.

[Measurement of high temperature offset temperature and low temperature offset temperature]
A developer was prepared by mixing 6.5 parts by weight of toner with 93.5 parts by weight of an iron powder carrier having an average particle size of 50 to 80 μm. As an electrophotographic copying machine, a UBIX4160AF manufactured by Konica was used so that the set temperature of the heat fixing roller could be changed up to 250 ° C.
The set temperature of the heat fixing roller was changed stepwise to obtain a copy in which the unfixed toner image was fixed on the transfer paper by the heat fixing roller at each set temperature.
It was observed whether the blank portion of the obtained copy and the fixed image were stained with toner, and a temperature region where no contamination occurred was defined as a non-offset temperature region. Further, the maximum value in the non-offset temperature region was set as the high temperature offset temperature, and the minimum value was set as the low temperature offset temperature.

[Measurement of minimum fixing temperature of toner]
Copying was performed by changing the set temperature of the heat fixing roller of the electrophotographic copying machine step by step, and the blank portion and the fixed image were not stained with toner without causing the fog on the blank portion and the fixed image. When the fixed image of the copy was rubbed with a sand eraser for typewriter, the case where the decrease in the density of the fixed image was less than 10% was judged as good fixing, and the minimum temperature at that time was determined.
The image density was measured using a Macbeth photometer.

[Wax dispersion]
The cross section of the toner mass before pulverization classification was observed at a magnification of 3000 times using a field emission scanning electron microscope (S-4500: manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). The particle diameter of the largest of the dispersed particles of the wax that can be discriminated was measured.

[Wax residual rate]
Using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-6200R, manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 10 mg of the sample was heated at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, and measured according to JIS K 7121. The melting peak value described in “How to Obtain Melting Temperature”) was determined and used as the wax melting point TWAXm, and the endothermic amount at the wax melting point TWAXm was determined from the DSC chart. Measurement of the wax alone is also carried out to determine the endothermic amount per unit amount, and the theoretical value of the endothermic amount of wax from the blend composition is calculated.
The wax residual ratio was calculated from the following formula.
Wax residual ratio (%) = (endothermic amount of sample / theoretical value of endothermic amount of wax) × 100

[Spent resistance]
After printing 10,000 sheets, the carrier was taken out of the developer, and the condition of the carrier surface was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (S-4500: manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) at a magnification of 1000 times. Separately, an unused carrier was also observed, and a standard was set as follows in comparison with an unused carrier.
○: There is not much difference from the surface state of the unused carrier. △: Slightly dirty compared to the unused carrier. ×: Very dirty compared to the unused carrier.

  According to the present invention, the dispersibility of the wax in the toner is improved, and the compatibilization can be made into a toner having excellent low-temperature fixability, high-temperature offset resistance, blocking resistance, spent resistance, and filming resistance. Agent, a polyester resin composition for toner, and a toner can be provided.

Claims (4)

  A compatibilizing agent for compatibilizing polyester and wax in a toner containing at least a binder resin composed of polyester and wax, wherein the phase is obtained by reacting polyester with maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin. Solubilizer.   A polyester resin composition for toner, comprising the compatibilizer according to claim 1.   3. The polyester resin composition for toner according to claim 2, further comprising a wax.   A toner comprising the polyester-based resin composition for toner according to claim 2.