JP2005316013A - Display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display device in which the Kerr effect is stabilized by lowering the phase transition temperature between the liquid crystal phase and the isotropic phase, and further the drive voltage is lowered. <P>SOLUTION: The display device is equipped with substrates 1, 2, at least one of which is transparent, a medium layer 3 interposed between the substrates 1, 2 and electrodes 4, 5 applying electric field to the medium layer 3, wherein the medium in the medium layer 3 contains a liquid crystalline material, a chiral agent and a non-polar material. As a result, in the medium no drastic structure change will occur, in the vicinity of the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystalline material between the isotropic phase and the liquid crystal phase, and the phase transition temperature lowering effect is brought about. Also the non-polar material weakens mutual constraints among the components of the liquid crystalline material, and as a result, orientation of the liquid crystalline material molecules becomes easier to be changed and the drive voltage lowering effect is concurrently brought about. Consequently, the display element, in which the Kerr effect is stabilized by lowering the phase transition temperature between the liquid crystal phase and the isotropic phase and further the driving voltage is lowered, is realized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a display element, and more particularly to a display element having high-speed response and wide-field display performance.

  A liquid crystal display element is a display element that is thin, lightweight, and consumes less power among various display elements. For this reason, liquid crystal display elements are widely used in OA devices such as image display devices such as televisions and videos, monitors, word processors (word processors), personal computers, and the like.

  As a liquid crystal display method (display mode) of such a liquid crystal display element, conventionally, for example, a TN (twisted nematic) mode using a nematic liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal ( A display mode using AFLC), a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode, and the like are known.

  Among these, for example, a TN mode liquid crystal display element has been put into practical use. However, this TN mode liquid crystal display element has drawbacks such as a slow response and a narrow viewing angle, and these disadvantages greatly hinder CRT (cathode ray tube).

  In addition, although the liquid crystal display element in the display mode using FLC or AFLC has an advantage of quick response, it has major drawbacks in terms of shock resistance, temperature characteristics, etc. Has not reached.

  Further, the liquid crystal display element of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode utilizes light scattering, and does not require a polarizing plate, and can display with high brightness. However, the liquid crystal display element of this polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode has a problem in terms of response characteristics of image display. Therefore, it cannot be said that the liquid crystal display element of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode is superior to the TN mode liquid crystal display element.

  In any of these liquid crystal display elements, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction, and the appearance varies depending on the angle with respect to the liquid crystal molecules. Each of these display systems uses rotation of liquid crystal molecules due to application of an electric field, and the liquid crystal molecules rotate in an aligned manner, so that it takes time to respond. In the case of a liquid crystal display element in a display mode using FLC or AFLC, although it is advantageous in terms of response speed and viewing angle, irreversible alignment breakdown due to external force becomes a problem.

  On the other hand, for these liquid crystal display elements that utilize the rotation of molecules due to the application of an electric field, a substance whose optical anisotropy changes when an electric field is applied, particularly a substance that exhibits orientation polarization or electronic polarization due to an electro-optic effect, is used. A liquid crystal display device has been proposed.

  Here, the electro-optic effect refers to a phenomenon in which the refractive index of a substance is changed by an external electric field. The electro-optic effect includes an effect proportional to the first order of the electric field and an effect proportional to the second order, which are called the Pockels effect and the Kerr effect, respectively.

  In particular, substances exhibiting the Kerr effect have been applied to high-speed optical shutters from an early stage, and have been put to practical use in special measuring instruments. The Kerr effect was discovered by J. Kerr in 1875. So far, materials such as organic liquids such as nitrobenzene and carbon disulfide have been known as materials exhibiting the Kerr effect. These materials include, for example, high electric fields such as power cables in addition to the above-described optical shutters. Used for strength measurement.

  After that, it was shown that the liquid crystal material has a large Kerr constant, and a basic study for application to a light modulation element, a light polarization element, and an optical integrated circuit was conducted, and the Kerr constant exceeding 200 times that of the above nitrobenzene was shown. Liquid crystal compounds have also been reported.

  In such a situation, application to a display device of the Kerr effect is being studied. The refractive index of a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect is proportional to the second order of the applied electric field. The refractive index of a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect is proportional to the second order of the applied electric field. For this reason, when a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect is used as the orientation polarization, a relatively low voltage drive can be expected compared to a case where a substance exhibiting the Pockels effect is used as the orientation polarization. Furthermore, a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect inherently exhibits a response characteristic of several microseconds to several milliseconds, so application to a high-speed response display device is expected.

  Under such circumstances, the stability of the Kerr effect has become a major issue in the application of substances exhibiting the Kerr effect to display elements. That is, the Kerr effect is observed in the isotropic phase state, but becomes the maximum near the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature. The Kerr effect is known to rapidly decrease as the temperature rises from the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature, and is a serious problem in practical use. Therefore, it is a problem to stabilize the rapid fluctuation of the Kerr effect at a temperature higher than the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature.

For example, in the display device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature is increased by adding molecules such as ethyl alcohol to a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect. It lowers and stabilizes the car effect.
JP 2001-249363 A (September 14, 2001) Shiro Matsumoto, 3 others, “Fine droplets of liquid crystals in a transparent polymer and their response to an electric field”, Appl. Phys. Lett., August 1996, vol. 69, No. 8, p. 1044-1046 Kazuya Saito, 1 other person, “Thermodynamics of unusual thermotropic liquid crystals that are optically isotropic”, Liquid Crystals, 2001, Vol. 5, No. 1. p.20-27 Jun Yamamoto, “Liquid Crystal Microemulsion”, Liquid Crystal, 2000, Vol. 3, No. 3, p.248-254 D. Demus, 3 other editions, “Handbook of Liquid Crystals Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystal”, Wiley-VCH, 1998, vol. 2B, p. 887-900 Jun Yamamoto, "Liquid Crystal Science Laboratory 1st: Identification of Liquid Crystal Phase: (4) Lyotropic Liquid Crystal", Liquid Crystal, 2002, Vol. 6, No. 1, p.72-83 Eric Grelet, 3 others, “Structural Investigations on Smectic Blue Phases”, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, The American Physical Society, April 23, 2001, vol. 86, no. 17, p3791-3794 Makoto Yoneya, “Searching for Nanostructured Liquid Crystal Phase by Molecular Simulation”, Liquid Crystal, 2003, Vol. 7, No. 3, p.238-245 Junichi Yamamoto, 1 outside, “Organic electro-optic material”, National Technical Report, December 1976, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 826-834 Takashi Kato and two others, “Fast and High-Contrast Electro-optical Switching of Liquid-Crystalline Physical Gels: Formation of Oriented Microphase-Separated Structures”, Adv. Funct. Mater., April 2003, vol. 13. No. 4, p313-317

  The display device of Patent Document 1 is effective in reducing the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature. On the other hand, however, the display device of Patent Document 1 has a problem of causing an increase in driving voltage.

  That is, in the display device of Patent Document 1, it is possible to lower the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature by adding ethyl alcohol to the medium. However, a decrease in the Kerr constant is caused with the decrease in the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature. In addition, there is a problem that the voltage for driving the display device increases due to the decrease in the Kerr constant.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and its purpose is to reduce the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature, stabilize the Kerr effect, and reduce the driving voltage. It is to provide an element.

  In order to solve the above problems, a display element of the present invention includes a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a medium that is sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and whose optical anisotropy changes when an electric field is applied. The medium includes a non-liquid crystalline material and at least two types of liquid crystalline materials having different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures, and each of the liquid crystalline materials. It is characterized by having optical isotropy at a temperature lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature.

  According to the above configuration, the medium includes a non-liquid crystal substance and at least two kinds of liquid crystalline substances having different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures. Since the liquid crystalline material has optical isotropy at a temperature lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of each of the above liquid crystalline materials, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition becomes broad and depends on the electric field. The influence is reduced, and the drive voltage required for the electric field application immediately after the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition does not change greatly.

  In addition, the non-liquid crystalline material is inferior in compatibility when mixed with the liquid crystalline material. The non-liquid crystalline substance can weaken the mutual binding between the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline substance, so that the orientation change of the liquid crystalline substance becomes easy, and the driving voltage required for electric field application is further reduced. Can do.

  As described above, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a display element that can reduce the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature, stabilize the Kerr effect, and reduce the driving voltage.

  In the display element of the present invention, it is preferable that the medium further includes a chiral agent.

  The chiral agent has a twisted structure with adjacent molecules in the liquid crystal substance. Then, the energy of interaction between molecules in the liquid crystal material is lowered, and the liquid crystal material spontaneously takes a twisted structure, and the structure is stabilized. Therefore, the medium does not undergo a sudden structural change in the vicinity of the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal substance, and approximates the different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature in the liquid crystal substance. There is an effect that can be.

  In order to solve the above problems, a display element of the present invention includes a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, and a medium that is sandwiched between the pair of substrates and whose optical anisotropy is changed by applying an electric field. In the display element, the medium includes at least two kinds of liquid crystalline substances having different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures, a non-liquid crystalline substance, and a chiral agent.

  In the display element of the present invention, the non-liquid crystal substance is preferably a non-polar substance.

  According to the above configuration, the nonpolar substance is relatively susceptible to the influence of dipole interactions in the molecular assembly in the medium, so that the orientation change is likely to occur and the drive voltage required for optical modulation increases. Can be suppressed.

  As described above, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a display element that can reduce the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature, stabilize the Kerr effect, and reduce the driving voltage.

  In the display element of the present invention, the electric field applying means includes at least a pair of comb-shaped electrodes provided on the medium side of the pair of substrates and opposed to each other in a direction in which comb-tooth portions are engaged with each other. preferable.

  According to said structure, the said electric field application means is at least 1 pair of comb-shaped electrodes, Comprising: It arrange | positions opposingly in the direction which the comb-tooth part mutually meshes, and is provided in the medium side in the said pair of board | substrate. Since the comb-tooth portions of the comb-shaped electrode are arranged so as to mesh with each other, the electric field generated by the comb-shaped electrode becomes an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate. Therefore, according to the above configuration, since the comb-shaped electrode applies an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate to the medium, a display element with a reduced driving voltage can be realized. The “comb-shaped electrode” refers to an electrode in which a plurality of electrodes (comb tooth portions) are extended from one electrode (comb root portion) in a predetermined direction with respect to the longitudinal direction thereof.

  Moreover, in the display element of this invention, it is preferable that the said comb-tooth part has a wedge shape.

  The “wedge shape” refers to a shape in which the comb tooth portion is bent at a predetermined angle. According to the above configuration, the wedge-shaped comb teeth of the comb electrode are disposed so as to be engaged with each other, so that the electric field generated by the comb electrode has at least two electric field application directions. Become.

  Therefore, according to the above configuration, there are medium domains in which the direction of optical anisotropy of the medium is different because there are at least two electric field application directions. For this reason, the viewing angle characteristic is improved in the display element.

  In the display element of the present invention, it is preferable that the angle formed by the wedge-shaped bent portion is 90 ° ± 20 °.

  “An angle formed by the serrated bent portion” means an angle at which the comb tooth portion is bent. Therefore, according to the above configuration, since the angle formed by the wedge-shaped bent portion is 90 degrees ± 20 degrees, that is, 70 degrees to 110 degrees, the directions of the optical anisotropy of the medium are almost orthogonal to each other. There is a medium domain (which forms an angle of 90 ° ± 20 °). Therefore, it becomes possible to compensate each other for the coloring phenomenon of the oblique viewing angle in each medium domain. Therefore, it is possible to realize a display element that can further improve the viewing angle characteristics without impairing the transmittance.

  In the display element of the present invention, it is preferable that an alignment film is formed on at least one of the pair of substrates. Further, the alignment film is more preferably an organic thin film, and particularly preferably made of polyimide.

  According to said structure, the orientation direction of a medium in the vicinity of the interface with the said alignment film of the said medium can be prescribed | regulated reliably in a desired direction. According to the above configuration, the molecules constituting the medium can be reliably aligned in a desired direction in a state where a liquid crystal phase is expressed in the medium. In particular, it is more preferable that at least one of the alignment films is subjected to a horizontal alignment process.

  The liquid crystalline material may exhibit optical isotropy when no electric field is applied, and may exhibit optical anisotropy when a voltage is applied, exhibits optical anisotropy when no electric field is applied, It may exhibit optical isotropy by applying a voltage.

  In any of the above configurations, the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystalline substance can be changed by applying an electric field between when no electric field is applied and when an electric field is applied. Therefore, the direction of optical anisotropy remains constant, and display can be performed by changing the degree of optical anisotropy (degree of orientation order, refractive index). Therefore, in any of the above configurations, there is an effect that a display element having a wide viewing angle characteristic and high-speed response can be realized.

  Further, the liquid crystalline substance may have an alignment order equal to or less than the wavelength of light when no voltage is applied.

  If the alignment order is less than the wavelength of light, it is optically isotropic. Therefore, by using a liquid crystalline substance whose alignment order is not more than the wavelength of light when no voltage is applied, the display state when no voltage is applied can be reliably varied.

  The liquid crystalline material may have an ordered structure exhibiting cubic symmetry.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be composed of molecules exhibiting a cubic phase or a smectic D phase.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be a liquid crystal microemulsion.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be composed of lyotropic liquid crystal exhibiting a micelle phase, a reverse micelle phase, a sponge phase, or a cubic phase.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be composed of a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system exhibiting a micelle phase, a reverse micelle phase, a sponge phase, or a cubic phase.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be made of a dendrimer.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be composed of molecules exhibiting a cholesteric blue phase.

  The liquid crystalline substance may be composed of molecules exhibiting a smectic blue phase.

  In any of the above substances, the optical anisotropy changes when an electric field is applied. Accordingly, any of the above substances can be used as the liquid crystalline substance.

  In the display element of the present invention, as described above, the medium includes a non-liquid crystalline material and at least two types of liquid crystalline materials having different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures, and each of the above liquid crystalline properties. It has optical isotropy at a temperature lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of the substance. Since the liquid crystalline material has optical isotropy at a temperature lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of each of the above liquid crystalline materials, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition becomes broad and depends on the electric field. The influence is reduced, and the drive voltage required for the electric field application immediately after the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition does not change greatly. In addition, since the nonpolar substance is slightly incompatible with mixing with the liquid crystalline substance, the mutual binding of the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline substance is weakened in the packing in the medium. Therefore, the orientation change of liquid crystal substance molecules is more likely to occur, and the driving voltage is reduced. Therefore, the present invention can realize a display element that can lower the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature, stabilize the Kerr effect, and reduce the driving voltage.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a schematic configuration of a main part of the display element according to the present embodiment in a voltage non-application state (OFF state), and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the principal part of the display element concerning this Embodiment in an ON state.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the display element of this embodiment includes a pair of substrates (hereinafter referred to as a pixel substrate 11 and a counter substrate 12) which are arranged to face each other and at least one of which is transparent. And a medium layer 3 made of a medium that is optically modulated by application of an electric field (hereinafter referred to as medium A) is sandwiched between the pair of substrates. Further, polarizing plates 6 and 7 are provided on the outer sides of the pair of substrates, that is, on the surfaces opposite to the opposing surfaces of the pixel substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12, respectively. .

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the pixel substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 include transparent substrates 1 and 2 such as glass substrates, for example. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, an electric field (horizontal direction) substantially parallel to the substrate 1 is formed on the surface of the pixel substrate 11 facing the substrate 2, that is, the surface facing the counter substrate 12. The electrodes 4 and 5 serving as electric field applying means for applying the electric field (2) to the medium layer 3 are arranged to face each other.

  The electrodes 4 and 5 are made of, for example, a transparent electrode material such as ITO (indium tin oxide). In the present embodiment, the line width is set to 5 μm and the distance between electrodes (electrode interval) is set to 5 μm, for example. However, the line width and the inter-electrode distance are merely examples, and are not limited thereto. An example of the electrodes 4 and 5 is not particularly limited as long as the medium layer 3 can be applied and the medium A of the medium layer 3 can be optically modulated. An electrode that applies a substantially parallel electric field (lateral electric field) to the medium layer 3 may be used.

  Hereinafter, an example of the electrode structure of the electrodes 4 and 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the structure of the electrodes 4 and 5 and the polarizing plate absorption axis in the display element of the present invention.

  The electrodes 4 and 5 are comb-shaped electrodes in which the comb-tooth portions 4a and 5a have a wedge shape and are arranged so as to face each other. The “wedge shape” refers to a shape in which the comb-tooth portions 4a and 5a are bent at a predetermined angle (sawtooth angle α). Further, the comb teeth portions 4a and 5a may have a shape having a plurality of wedge shapes as shown in FIG. Thus, an example of a shape having a plurality of wedge-shaped shapes is a sawtooth shape.

  Here, the “comb-shaped electrode” refers to an electrode in which a plurality of electrodes (comb tooth portions) 4a extend from one electrode (comb root portion) 4b in a predetermined direction with respect to the longitudinal direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the “sawtooth shape” means a shape in which the comb tooth portions are extended while being alternately bent at a sawtooth angle α in a direction away from the longitudinal direction of the comb root portion 4b. .

  As shown in FIG. 2, the electrode 4 includes a comb root portion 4b and a comb tooth portion 4a. The comb tooth portions 4a extend while being alternately bent in a direction away from the longitudinal direction of the comb root portion 4b. The comb-tooth portion 4a has a configuration in which the saw-tooth unit 4e formed by the saw-tooth component 4c and the saw-tooth component 4d is continuously extended. The sawtooth unit 4e has a configuration in which the sawtooth component 4c and the sawtooth component 4d are bent so as to form an angle of the sawtooth angle α. The comb-teeth portion 4a of the electrode 4 has a configuration in which it is extended while being alternately bent at equal intervals in a direction away from the longitudinal direction of the comb root portion 4b.

  Similarly to the comb-tooth portion 4a of the electrode 4, the comb-tooth portion 5a of the electrode 5 has a configuration in which the saw-tooth unit 5e formed by the saw-tooth component 5c and the saw-tooth component 5d is continuously extended, and the saw-tooth unit 5e. The sawtooth component 5c and the sawtooth component 5d are bent so as to form an angle of the sawtooth angle α.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the electrode 4 and the electrode 5 are disposed to face each other so that the respective comb tooth portions 4a and the comb tooth portions 5a are engaged with each other. That is, the electrode 4 and the electrode 5 are disposed to face each other so that the sawtooth component 4c and the sawtooth component 4d in the comb-tooth portion 4a are parallel to the sawtooth component 5c and the sawtooth component 5d in the comb-tooth portion 5a, respectively. Therefore, when a voltage is applied to the electrodes 4 and 5, two electric fields having different electric field application directions are formed. That is, an electric field between the sawtooth component 4c and the sawtooth component 5c (electric field application direction 45c in FIG. 2) and an electric field between the sawtooth component 4d and the sawtooth component 5d (electric field application direction 45d in FIG. 2) are formed. The

  In addition, it can be said that the sawtooth unit 4e and the sawtooth unit 5e have a "<" shape. Therefore, it can be said that the “sawtooth shape” is a shape in which a “<” shape component corresponding to a sawtooth unit extends in a direction away from the longitudinal direction of the comb root portion. Moreover, it can be said that the “comb portion is a sawtooth shape” is a zigzag line shape in which the comb portion has a “<” shape.

  Further, it can be said that the sawtooth unit 4e and the sawtooth unit 5e have a shape of “v” from the shape thereof. Therefore, the “sawtooth shape” can be said to be a shape in which the “v” -shaped component corresponding to the sawtooth unit extends in a direction away from the longitudinal direction of the comb root portion. Moreover, it can be said that the “comb portion is a sawtooth shape” is a zigzag line shape in which the comb portion has a “v” shape.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the electric field application direction 45c and the electric field application direction 45d are perpendicular to each other. For this reason, there are medium domains in which the directions of optical anisotropy of the medium A are orthogonal to each other (at an angle of 90 degrees), and the display element compensates for the coloring phenomenon of the oblique viewing angle in each medium domain. Is possible.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the polarizing plates 6 and 7 provided on both substrates 1 and 2 are arranged so that the polarizing plate absorption axis directions are orthogonal to each other. The polarizing plate absorption axes 6a and 7a of the polarizing plates 6 and 7 form an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the above-described two electric field application directions 45c and 45d formed by the electrodes 4 and 5, respectively.

  Thus, the electrodes 4 and 5 provided on the substrate 1 are provided so that the electric field application direction is at least two directions. Since there are at least two electric field application directions, there are medium domains in the medium layer 3 in which the direction of optical anisotropy of the medium A is different. For this reason, the viewing angle characteristic is improved in the display element. In addition, when the electrodes 4 and 5 are provided so that the at least two electric field application directions are perpendicular to each other, the directions of the optical anisotropy of the medium A are orthogonal to each other (at an angle of 90 degrees). There is a medium domain. For this reason, in the display element, it becomes possible to compensate each other for the coloring phenomenon of the oblique viewing angle in each medium domain. Therefore, it is possible to realize a display element that can further improve the viewing angle characteristics without impairing the transmittance. When the direction of optical anisotropy of the medium A is orthogonal to each other and the angle between the polarizing plates 6 and 7 and the polarizing plate absorption axes 6a and 7a is 45 degrees, The degree of compensation for the coloring phenomenon of the oblique viewing angle is increased, and a display element that further improves the viewing angle characteristics can be realized.

In the display element of this embodiment, the medium layer 3 exhibits optical anisotropy due to an increase in the degree of orientational order in the direction of electric field application as shown in FIG. It can function as a shutter-type display element. Therefore, with respect to the polarizing plate absorption axis directions orthogonal to each other, the anisotropic direction gives the maximum transmittance when forming an angle of 45 degrees. Note that the transmittance (P) when the orientation in which the optical anisotropy of each medium domain of the medium A develops exists at an angle of ± θ (degrees) with respect to the polarizing plate absorption axis is P (%). = Sin ² (2θ) Therefore, if the transmittance when the angle θ is 45 degrees is 100%, it is felt that the human eye has the maximum luminance when the transmittance is approximately 90% or more. If the degree <θ <55 degrees, it is felt that the human eye has the maximum luminance. That is, as shown in the present embodiment, in a display element in which an electric field is applied substantially parallel to the substrate 1, for example, the polarizing plate absorption axis direction, in other words, the alignment treatment direction (rubbing direction) in the horizontal alignment treatment is Maximize the transmittance by forming an angle of less than 45 degrees ± 10 degrees, more preferably less than 45 degrees ± 5 degrees, and most preferably 45 degrees with respect to the direction of electric field application by the electrodes 4 and 5. Is possible. If the angle θ is 35 degrees <θ <55 degrees, a difference of about 10% in luminance in the medium domain region occurs with respect to the compensation of the above-described coloring phenomenon, which is a maximum for the human eye. It is felt that it has brightness. That is, as shown in the present embodiment, in a display element in which an electric field is applied substantially parallel to the substrate 1, for example, the direction of the optical anisotropy generated by the electric field application in each of the electric field application directions 45c and 45d, and the above Each of the angles formed by the absorption axes 6a and 7a of the polarizing plates 6 and 7 is about 45 degrees (within a range of less than 45 degrees ± 10 degrees, preferably within a range of 45 degrees ± 5 degrees, and most preferably 45 degrees). And the directions of optical anisotropy generated by the application of electric fields in the electric field application directions 45c and 45d are about 90 degrees (within a range of less than 90 degrees ± 20 degrees, preferably 90 degrees ± 10 degrees). It is desirable to make an angle within the range, most preferably 90 degrees.

  The display element includes, for example, a substrate 1 provided with the comb-shaped electrodes 4 and 5 and a substrate 2 with a sealing agent (not shown) and a spacer such as a plastic bead or a glass fiber spacer (not shown) as necessary. And the medium A is sealed in the gap.

  The medium A in the display element of this embodiment includes a liquid crystal substance, a chiral agent, and a non-liquid crystal substance.

The liquid crystalline substance used in this embodiment is a medium whose optical anisotropy changes when an electric field is applied. When an electric field E _j is applied to the material from the outside, an electric displacement D _ij = ε _ij · E _j is generated, and at that time, a slight change is also seen in the dielectric constant (ε _ij ). Since the square of the refractive index (n) is equivalent to the dielectric constant at the frequency of light, the liquid crystalline substance can also be said to be a substance whose refractive index changes when an electric field is applied.

  As described above, the display element of this embodiment performs display using a phenomenon (electro-optic effect) in which the refractive index of a substance is changed by an external electric field, and molecules (orientation direction of molecules) are applied by applying an electric field. Unlike liquid crystal display elements that utilize the fact that they rotate together, the direction of optical anisotropy hardly changes, and changes in the degree of optical anisotropy (mainly electronic polarization and orientation polarization) It is designed to display.

  The liquid crystalline substance is a substance exhibiting a Pockels effect or a Kerr effect, etc., which is optically isotropic when it is applied with no electric field (may be macroscopically isotropic). It may be a substance that exhibits optical properties, has optical anisotropy when no electric field is applied, disappears when applied with an electric field, and is optically isotropic (being isotropic when viewed macroscopically) It is also possible to use a substance that shows Typically, it is optically isotropic when no electric field is applied (it should be isotropic when viewed macroscopically), and optical modulation (especially, it is desirable that birefringence is increased by applying an electric field) by applying an electric field. It is a medium to express.

  The Pockels effect and the Kerr effect (which are themselves observed in the isotropic phase state) are electro-optic effects that are proportional to the primary or secondary electric field, respectively, and are in the isotropic phase when no voltage is applied. Although optically isotropic, in the voltage application state, in the region where an electric field is applied, the long axis direction of the compound molecules is oriented in the electric field direction, and birefringence is expressed, thereby modulating the transmittance. be able to. For example, in the case of a display method using a substance exhibiting the Kerr effect, by controlling the bias of electrons within one molecule by applying an electric field, each randomly arranged individual molecule rotates and becomes oriented. Is advantageous in that the response speed is very fast and the molecules are arranged randomly, and there is no viewing angle limitation. Note that among the above liquid crystalline substances, those that are roughly proportional to the primary or secondary of the electric field can be treated as substances exhibiting the Pockels effect or the Kerr effect.

  Examples of the substance exhibiting the Pockels effect include, but are not limited to, organic solid materials such as hexamine. As the liquid crystalline substance, various organic materials and inorganic materials exhibiting the Pockels effect can be used.

  In addition, examples of the substance exhibiting the Kerr effect include liquid crystal substances represented by the following structural formulas (1) to (7), but are not particularly limited.

  The liquid crystalline substance represented by the structural formula (1) is 3OCB (4-cyano-4′-n-propyloxybiphenyl), and the liquid crystalline substance represented by the structural formula (2) is 5OCB (4-cyano-4 ′. -N-pentyloxybiphenyl), the liquid crystalline substance represented by the structural formula (3) is 7OCB (4-cyano-4'-n-heptyloxybiphenyl), and the liquid crystalline substance represented by the structural formula (4) is 5CB (4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl), a liquid crystalline substance represented by the structural formula (5), is obtained by using 3HPFF (1,2-difluoro-4- [trans-4- (trans-4-n- Propylcyclohexyl) cyclohexyl] benzene), a liquid crystalline substance represented by the structural formula (6) is 5HPFF (1,2-difluoro-4- [trans-4- (trans-4-n-pentylcyclohexyl). Cyclohexyl] benzene), the structural formula (a liquid crystal substance represented by 7), 7HPFF (1,2-difluoro-4- [trans-4- (trans -4-n-heptylcyclohexyl) cyclohexyl] benzene).

  The Kerr effect is observed in a medium transparent to incident light. For this reason, the substance showing the Kerr effect is used as a transparent medium. Usually, a liquid crystalline substance shifts from a liquid crystal phase having a short-range order to an isotropic phase having random orientation at a molecular level as the temperature rises. In other words, the Kerr effect of liquid crystalline substances is not a nematic phase, but a phenomenon seen in liquids in the isotropic phase state above the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase temperature. The liquid crystalline substance is used as a transparent dielectric liquid. Is done.

  A dielectric liquid such as a liquid crystal substance is in an isotropic phase state as the use environment temperature (heating temperature) by heating is higher. Therefore, when a dielectric liquid such as a liquid crystal substance is used as the medium, in order to use the dielectric liquid in a liquid state that is transparent, that is, transparent to visible light, for example, (1) medium layer 3 may be provided with heating means such as a heater (not shown), and the dielectric liquid may be heated to the clearing point or higher by the heating means. (2) Thermal radiation from the backlight, The dielectric liquid may be used by heating it above its clearing point by light conduction and / or heat conduction from the peripheral driving circuit (in this case, the backlight or the peripheral driving circuit functions as a heating means). (3) A sheet heater (heating means) may be bonded to at least one of the substrates 1 and 2 as a heater and heated to a predetermined temperature. Furthermore, in order to use the dielectric liquid in a transparent state, a material having a clearing point lower than the lower limit of the operating temperature range of the display element may be used.

  The liquid crystalline substance preferably contains a liquid crystalline substance. When a liquid crystalline substance is used as the liquid crystalline substance, the liquid crystalline substance is a transparent liquid that macroscopically shows an isotropic phase. However, microscopically, it is desirable to include clusters that are molecular groups having short-range order arranged in a certain direction. Since the liquid crystalline substance is used in a state transparent to visible light, the cluster is also used in a state transparent (optically isotropic) to visible light.

  Therefore, as described above, the display element may be temperature-controlled using heating means such as a heater, or the medium layer 3 may be made of a polymer material as described in Patent Document 2. The liquid crystalline material may be divided into small areas using, for example, a diameter of 0.1 μm or less, and the liquid crystalline material is a micro droplet having a diameter smaller than the wavelength of light. Alternatively, it may be made transparent by suppressing light scattering, or a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting a transparent isotropic phase at the use environment temperature (room temperature) may be used. Light scattering can be ignored when the diameter of the liquid crystalline substance, and further, the diameter (major axis) of the cluster is 0.1 μm or less, that is, smaller than the wavelength of light (incident light wavelength). Therefore, for example, if the diameter of the cluster is 0.1 μm or less, the cluster is also transparent to visible light.

  Note that the liquid crystalline substance is not limited to a substance exhibiting the Pockels effect or the Kerr effect as described above. For this reason, the liquid crystalline substance has a cubic phase (non-linear) in which the molecular arrangement has an ordered structure having cubic symmetry of a scale below the wavelength of light (for example, nanoscale) and is optically isotropic. (See Patent Documents 2, 4, and 7). The cubic phase is one of the liquid crystalline phases of the liquid crystalline material that can be used as the liquid crystalline material. Examples of the liquid crystalline material exhibiting the cubic phase include the following structural formula (8)

BABH8 etc. which are shown by these. When an electric field is applied to such a liquid crystalline substance, the fine structure is distorted and optical modulation can be induced.

  BABH8 shows a cubic phase composed of an ordered structure having cubic symmetry of a scale below the wavelength of light in a temperature range of 136.7 ° C. or more and 161 ° C. or less. The BABH 8 has an ordered structure equal to or less than the wavelength of light, and exhibits optical isotropy when no voltage is applied in the above temperature range, whereby good black display can be performed under crossed Nicols.

  On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 (comb-shaped electrodes) while controlling the temperature of the BABH 8 to 136.7 ° C. or more and 161 ° C. or less using the above-described heating means or the like, cubic symmetry is obtained. Distortion occurs in the structure (ordered structure). That is, the BABH8 is isotropic in the above temperature range when no voltage is applied, and anisotropy is exhibited when a voltage is applied.

  As a result, birefringence occurs in the medium layer 3, so that the display element can perform good white display. Note that the direction in which birefringence occurs is constant, and its magnitude changes with voltage application. The voltage transmittance curve showing the relationship between the voltage applied between the electrodes 4 and 5 (comb electrodes) and the transmittance is a temperature range of 136.7 ° C. or higher and 161 ° C. or lower, that is, a wide temperature range of about 20K. Becomes a stable curve. For this reason, when the BABH8 is used as the liquid crystalline substance, temperature control can be performed very easily. That is, since the medium layer 3 made of BABH8 is a thermally stable phase, it does not exhibit abrupt temperature dependence and is extremely easy to control the temperature.

  In addition, as the liquid crystalline substance, it is also possible to realize a system in which liquid crystal molecules are filled with aggregates that are radially aligned with a size equal to or smaller than the wavelength of light, and that appears optically isotropic, As the method, the liquid crystal microemulsion described in Non-Patent Document 3 or the liquid crystal / microparticle dispersion system described in Non-Patent Document 5 (mixed system in which fine particles are mixed in a solvent (liquid crystal), hereinafter simply referred to as a liquid crystal microparticle dispersion system) It is also possible to apply the method described below. When an electric field is applied to these, a set of radial orientations is distorted, and optical modulation can be induced.

  Any of these liquid crystalline substances may be liquid crystalline as a single substance, or may be liquid crystalline by mixing a plurality of substances. Other non-liquid crystalline substances may be mixed. Furthermore, a polymer / liquid crystal dispersion material as described in Non-Patent Document 1 can also be applied. Moreover, you may add the gelatinizer as described in the nonpatent literature 9.

  The liquid crystalline material preferably contains a polar molecule, and for example, nitrobenzene is suitable as the liquid crystalline material. Nitrobenzene is also a type of medium that exhibits the Kerr effect.

  Hereinafter, examples of a substance that can be used as the liquid crystalline substance or a form of the substance will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[Smectic D phase (SmD)]
The smectic D phase (SmD) is one of the liquid crystal phases of the liquid crystalline material that can be used as the liquid crystalline material, and has a three-dimensional lattice structure as shown in FIGS. The constant is less than or equal to the wavelength of light. That is, the smectic D phase has cubic symmetry. For this reason, the smectic D phase is optically isotropic.

  Examples of liquid crystalline substances exhibiting a smectic D phase include the following general formulas (9) and (10) described in Non-Patent Document 2 or Non-Patent Document 4.

ANBC16 represented by the following. In the general formulas (9) and (10), m represents an arbitrary integer, specifically, m = 16 in the general formula (9), m = 15 in the general formula (10), and X Represents a —NO ₂ group.

  The ANBC16 exhibits a smectic D phase in a temperature range of 171.0 ° C. to 197.2 ° C. In the smectic D phase, a plurality of molecules form a three-dimensional lattice such as jungle gym (registered trademark), and the lattice constant is equal to or less than the optical wavelength. That is, the smectic D phase has cubic symmetry. For this reason, the smectic D phase is optically isotropic.

  When an electric field is applied to the ANBC 16 in the above temperature range in which the ANBC 16 exhibits a smectic D phase, the ANBC 16 molecules themselves have dielectric anisotropy, so that the molecules are distorted in the lattice structure as the molecules move in the direction of the electric field. That is, the optical anisotropy appears in ANBC16. Note that the material is not limited to ANBC16, and any material that exhibits a smectic D phase can be used as the liquid crystalline material of the display element of this embodiment.

[Liquid crystal microemulsion]
A liquid crystal microemulsion is an O / W type microemulsion proposed in Non-Patent Document 3 (a system in which water is dissolved in oil in the form of water droplets in an oil, and the oil becomes a continuous phase). A generic term for a system (mixed system) in which oil molecules are replaced with thermotropic liquid crystal molecules.

  Specific examples of the liquid crystal microemulsion include, for example, pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) which is a thermotropic liquid crystal exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase and a lyotropic (lyotropic) liquid crystal which exhibits a reverse micelle phase described in Non-Patent Document 3. There is a mixed system with an aqueous solution of didodecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB). This mixed system has a structure represented by schematic views as shown in FIGS.

  In this mixed system, the diameter of reverse micelles is typically about 50 mm, and the distance between the reverse micelles is about 200 mm. These scales are about an order of magnitude smaller than the wavelength of light. In addition, reverse micelles exist randomly in three-dimensional space, and 5CB are radially oriented around each reverse micelle. Therefore, this mixed system is optically isotropic.

  When an electric field is applied to a medium composed of this mixed system, the molecule itself tends to move in the direction of the electric field because there is dielectric anisotropy in 5CB. That is, orientation anisotropy appears in a system that is optically isotropic because it is oriented radially around a reverse micelle, and optical anisotropy appears. The liquid crystal of the display element of the present embodiment is not limited to the above mixed system as long as it is a liquid crystal microemulsion that is optically isotropic when no voltage is applied and exhibits optical anisotropy when a voltage is applied. It can be applied as a sex substance.

[Lyotropic LCD]
The lyotropic liquid crystal means a liquid crystal of another component system in which the main molecules forming the liquid crystal are dissolved in a solvent having other properties (such as water or an organic solvent). The specific phase is a phase that is optically isotropic when no electric field is applied. Examples of such a specific phase include a micelle phase, a sponge phase, a cubic phase, and a reverse micelle phase described in Non-Patent Document 5. FIG. 10 shows a classification diagram of the lyotropic liquid crystal phase.

  Surfactants that are amphiphilic substances include substances that develop a micelle phase. For example, an aqueous solution of sodium decyl sulfate, which is an ionic surfactant, an aqueous solution of potassium palmitate, and the like form spherical micelles. Further, in a mixed solution of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, which is a nonionic surfactant, and water, micelles are formed by the nonylphenyl group acting as a hydrophobic group and the oxyethylene chain acting as a hydrophilic group. In addition, micelles are formed even in an aqueous solution of a styrene-ethylene oxide block copolymer.

  For example, spherical micelles exhibit a spherical shape by packing molecules (forming molecular aggregates) in all spatial directions. Further, since the size of the spherical micelle is equal to or less than the wavelength of light, it does not show anisotropy and looks isotropic. However, when an electric field is applied to such spherical micelles, the spherical micelles are distorted, so that anisotropy is expressed. Therefore, a lyotropic liquid crystal having a spherical micelle phase can also be used as the liquid crystalline substance of the display element of this embodiment. In addition, the same effect can be acquired even if it uses not only a spherical micelle phase but the micelle phase of another shape, ie, a string-like micelle phase, an elliptical micelle phase, a rod-like micelle phase, etc. as a liquid crystalline substance.

  Further, it is generally known that reverse micelles in which a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group are exchanged are formed depending on the conditions of concentration, temperature, and surfactant. Such reverse micelles optically show the same effects as micelles. Therefore, by applying the reverse micelle phase as the liquid crystalline substance, the same effect as that obtained when the micelle phase is used can be obtained. The liquid crystal microemulsion described above is an example of a lyotropic liquid crystal having a reverse micelle phase (reverse micelle structure).

  Further, an aqueous solution of pentaethylene glycol-dodecyl ether, which is a nonionic surfactant, has a concentration and temperature range showing a sponge phase and a cubic phase as shown in FIG. Such a sponge phase or cubic phase is a transparent substance because it has an order equal to or less than the wavelength of light. That is, a medium composed of these phases is optically isotropic. When a voltage is applied to a medium composed of these phases, the orientation order changes and optical anisotropy appears. Therefore, a lyotropic liquid crystal having a sponge phase or a cubic phase can also be used as the liquid crystalline substance of the display element of this embodiment.

[Liquid crystal fine particle dispersion]
The liquid crystal substance is, for example, a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system in which latex particles having a diameter of about 100 mm and a surface modified with a sulfate group are mixed in an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant pentaethylene glycol-dodecyl ether. Also good. In the above-mentioned liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system, a sponge phase is expressed. However, the liquid crystal substance used in the present embodiment may be a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system that expresses the aforementioned micelle phase, cubic phase, reverse micelle phase, or the like. In addition, it can replace with the said latex particle and can also obtain the orientation structure similar to the liquid crystal microemulsion mentioned above by using the said DDAB.

[Dendrimer]
A dendrimer is a three-dimensional hyperbranched polymer having a branch for each monomer unit. Since dendrimers have many branches, they have a spherical structure when the molecular weight exceeds a certain level. This spherical structure is a transparent material because it has an order equal to or less than the wavelength of light, and its optical orientation is manifested by changing the orientation order when a voltage is applied. Therefore, a dendrimer can also be applied as a liquid crystalline substance of the display element of this embodiment mode. In addition, by using the dendrimer in place of DDAB in the liquid crystal microemulsion described above, an alignment structure similar to that of the liquid crystal microemulsion described above can be obtained. The medium thus obtained can also be applied as the liquid crystalline substance.

[Cholesteric blue phase]
A cholesteric blue phase can be used as the liquid crystalline substance. FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of the cholesteric blue phase.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the cholesteric blue phase is known to have a three-dimensional periodic structure in the helical axis, and the structure has high symmetry (for example, non-patent (Refer to References 6 and 7). The cholesteric blue phase is an almost transparent substance because it has an order equal to or less than the wavelength of light, and its orientation order is changed by application of a voltage, and optical anisotropy appears. That is, the cholesteric blue phase is optically substantially isotropic, and the liquid crystal molecules tend to move in the electric field direction when an electric field is applied, so that the lattice is distorted and anisotropy is expressed.

  In addition, as a substance showing a cholesteric blue phase, for example, “JC1041” (trade name, mixed liquid crystal manufactured by Chisso Corporation) is 48.2% by weight, “5CB” (4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl, nematic liquid crystal). 47.4% by weight and “ZLI-4572” (trade name, a chiral dopant manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) at a ratio of 4.4% by weight are known. The composition exhibits a cholesteric blue phase in the temperature range of 330.7K to 331.8K.

[Smectic blue phase]
In addition, a smectic blue phase can be applied as the liquid crystalline substance. FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of the cholesteric blue phase.

As shown in FIG. 11, the smectic blue (BP _Sm ) phase has a highly symmetric structure (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 6 and 7), and has an order less than the wavelength of light. Therefore, it is a substantially transparent substance, and its orientation order is changed by application of a voltage, and optical anisotropy is developed. That is, the smectic blue phase is optically substantially isotropic, and the liquid crystal molecules tend to move in the direction of the electric field when an electric field is applied, so that the lattice is distorted and anisotropy is expressed.

In addition, as a substance which shows a smectic blue phase, FH / FH / HH-14BTMHC etc. which are described in the nonpatent literature 6 are mentioned, for example. The material exhibits a BP _Sm 3 phase at 74.4 ° C. to 73.2 ° C., a BP _Sm 2 phase at 73.2 ° C. to 72.3 ° C., and a BP _Sm 1 phase at 72.3 ° C. to 72.1 ° C. . Since the BP _Sm phase has a highly symmetric structure as shown in Non-Patent Document 7, it generally exhibits optical isotropy. Further, when an electric field is applied to the substance FH / FH / HH-14BTMHC, the lattice is distorted by the liquid crystal molecules moving in the direction of the electric field, and the substance exhibits anisotropy. Therefore, the same substance can be used as the liquid crystalline substance of the display element of this embodiment mode.

  As described above, a substance that can be used as a liquid crystalline substance in the display element of this embodiment can be used even if its optical anisotropy (refractive index, degree of alignment order) is changed by application of an electric field. For example, it may be a substance exhibiting the Pockels effect or the Kerr effect, and may be composed of molecules exhibiting any one of a cubic phase, a smectic D phase, a cholesteric blue phase, and a smectic blue phase. It may be a lyotropic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system showing any of a phase, a sponge phase, and a cubic phase. The liquid crystalline substance may be a liquid crystal microemulsion, a dendrimer (dendrimer molecule), an amphiphilic molecule, a copolymer, or a polar molecule other than the above.

  The liquid crystalline material preferably has an ordered structure (alignment order) that is equal to or less than the wavelength of light when a voltage is applied or no voltage is applied. If the ordered structure is less than the wavelength of light, it is optically isotropic. Therefore, by using a liquid crystalline substance having an ordered structure whose wavelength is equal to or less than the wavelength of light when a voltage is applied or when no voltage is applied, the display state can be reliably changed between when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied.

  The medium A contains a non-liquid crystal substance and two or more kinds of liquid crystal substances having different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures. The medium has optical isotropy at a temperature lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of each liquid crystalline substance. Therefore, in the medium, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition becomes broad and the influence of the electric field is reduced. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a display element in which a driving voltage required for applying an electric field immediately after an isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition does not change greatly.

  The above “temperature lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of each liquid crystalline substance” specifically refers to a temperature slightly lower than the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature, for example, −0 · 1K. Refers to the temperature.

  The liquid crystalline substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid crystalline substance having a broad isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature as described above. For example, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal substance having various molecular weight distributions of 200 to 500. When the molecular weight distribution is lower than 200, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature is lower than room temperature, and it becomes difficult to show a liquid crystal phase. On the other hand, when the molecular weight distribution is higher than 500, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature is higher than 100 ° C., and it becomes difficult to show a liquid crystal phase.

  In addition, it is preferable to use a liquid crystal substance having a distribution of various isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures of 20 ° C. or higher. When the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature is lower than 20 ° C., the liquid crystalline material is easily vaporized even at a temperature of about room temperature. It is easy to occur and is not preferable.

  The liquid crystalline material preferably contains a fluorine-based liquid crystal or a cyano-based liquid crystal. It contains a chemical structure with a large dipole moment, such as fluorine-based and cyano-based liquid crystals, which causes dipolar-dipole interactions in liquid crystalline materials, and this is the reason for the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition. The temperature becomes broad.

  Hereinafter, in the present embodiment, as the liquid crystalline material, the liquid crystalline materials represented by the structural formulas (1) to (3), that is, 3OCB, 5OCB, and 7OCB mixed in an equal amount, respectively, are fluorine-based. A mixed liquid crystal JC-1041XX (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) of 17% by weight is used, but the liquid crystalline material is not limited to this, and if it meets the above-mentioned conditions, Various substances themselves or a mixture of various substances can be applied.

  In the display element of the present embodiment, the medium A includes a chiral agent in addition to the liquid crystalline substance. The chiral agent has a twisted structure with adjacent molecules in the liquid crystal substance. Then, the energy of interaction between molecules in the liquid crystal material is lowered, and the liquid crystal material spontaneously takes a twisted structure, and the structure is stabilized. Therefore, in the medium A containing a chiral agent, an abrupt structural change hardly occurs in the vicinity of the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature, and a liquid crystal phase having optical isotropy appears and lowers the phase transition temperature. There is an effect. Examples of such a chiral agent include ZLI-4572 (manufactured by Merck), C15 (manufactured by Merck), CN (manufactured by Merck), or CB15 (manufactured by Merck). In the display element of this embodiment mode, the liquid crystalline substance may exhibit chirality.

  In the display element of the present embodiment, the medium A further contains a non-liquid crystalline substance. A non-liquid crystalline substance is inferior in compatibility in mixing with the liquid crystalline substance. In addition, the non-liquid crystalline material can weaken the mutual binding between the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline material, so that the orientation change of the liquid crystalline material is facilitated, and the driving voltage required for electric field application is further reduced. Can do. Such a non-liquid crystalline substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that weakens mutual binding between constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline substance, and examples thereof include polar solvents such as alcohols and nonpolar substances. .

Among these, non-polar substances are slightly inferior in compatibility when mixed with liquid crystalline substances. Therefore, in the packing in the mixed material in the medium A, the mutual binding of the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline material is weakened because it is relatively difficult to be affected by the dipole interaction. Therefore, the orientation change of the liquid crystal substance molecules is more likely to occur, and the driving voltage is reduced. Such a non-polar substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that weakens the mutual binding of the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline substance. Further, the concentration of the chiral agent in the medium A is not particularly limited as long as the concentration of the chiral agent in the medium A can stabilize the structure of the liquid crystalline substance. 15% by weight is preferred, and 3-10% by weight is particularly preferred. However, the concentration of the chiral agent in the medium A can be appropriately set according to the type of the chiral agent, the configuration of the display element, the design, or the like.

  Further, the concentration of the nonpolar substance in the medium A is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration that can weaken the mutual binding of the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline substance in the medium A. % By weight is preferred, and 1 to 6% by weight is particularly preferred. However, the concentration of the nonpolar substance in the medium A can be appropriately set according to the type of the nonpolar substance, the configuration of the display element, the design, or the like.

  According to the present embodiment, ITO is used as the electrodes 4 and 5, the line width is 5 μm, the distance between the electrodes is 5 μm, the layer thickness of the medium layer 3 (that is, the distance between the substrates 1 and 2) is 5 μm, and the medium A The above-mentioned medium solicitation was used. Then, the medium mixture is maintained at a temperature immediately above the phase transition of the nematic isotropic phase (a temperature slightly higher than the phase transition temperature, for example, +0.1 K) by an external heating device (heating means), and voltage is applied. As a result, the transmittance could be changed. The medium A exhibits a nematic phase at a temperature below 54 ° C. and an isotropic phase at a temperature higher than that.

  Next, the display principle in the display element of the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), FIG. 4, and FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (g).

  In the following description, a transmissive display element is mainly used as the display element, and is optically isotropic, preferably isotropic when no electric field is applied. The case of using is described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  FIG. 3A is a main part plan view schematically showing the configuration of the display element of the present embodiment in an electric field non-application state (OFF state), and FIG. 3B is an electric field application state (ON state). 2) is a plan view of a principal part schematically showing the configuration of the display element of the present embodiment in FIG. 3A and 3B show the configuration of one pixel in the display element, and the illustration of the configuration of the counter substrate 21 is omitted for convenience of explanation.

  Furthermore, FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance in the display element shown in FIGS. FIGS. 5A to 5G show the difference in display principle between a display element that performs display using changes in optical anisotropy due to application of an electric field and a conventional liquid crystal display element, and no voltage is applied. Sectional view schematically showing the shape of the average refractive index ellipsoid of the medium (indicated by the shape of the cut surface of the refractive index ellipsoid) and the main axis direction at the time of application (OFF state) and voltage application (ON state) 5A to 5G are cross-sectional views of a display element that performs display using changes in optical anisotropy due to application of an electric field when no voltage is applied (OFF state). A cross-sectional view when a voltage is applied to the display element (ON state), a cross-sectional view when a voltage is not applied to a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal display element, a cross-sectional view when a voltage is applied to the TN liquid crystal display element, VA ( Sectional view when no voltage is applied to a vertical alignment) type liquid crystal display element, the VA type liquid crystal Voltage application time of a cross-sectional view of 示素Ko shows IPS (In Plane Switching) cross-sectional view of when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device of the system, a cross-sectional view of when a voltage is applied the liquid crystal display device of the IPS system.

In general, the refractive index in a material is not isotropic and varies depending on the direction. This anisotropy of the refractive index is in a direction parallel to the substrate surface (in-plane direction), the opposing direction of the electrodes 4 and 5, the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface (substrate normal direction), and parallel to the substrate surface. An arbitrary orthogonal coordinate system (X ₁ , X ₂ , X ₃ ) is used where the direction (in-plane direction of the substrate) and the direction perpendicular to the opposing direction of the electrodes 4 and 5 are x, y, and z directions, respectively. The following relational expression (1)

(N _ji = n _ij , i, j = 1,2,3)
(Refractive index ellipsoid) (for example, refer nonpatent literature 12). Here, when the above relational expression (1) is rewritten using the coordinate system (Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ ) in the principal axis direction of the ellipsoid, the following relational expression (2)

Indicated by n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ (hereinafter referred to as nx, ny, nz) are called main refractive indexes, and correspond to half the length of the three main axes in the ellipsoid. Considering a light wave traveling in a direction perpendicular to the Y ₃ = 0 plane from the origin, this light wave has polarization components in the directions of Y ₁ and Y _2, and the refractive indexes of the respective components are nx and ny, respectively. . In general, for light traveling in any direction, the plane that passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light wave is considered to be the cut surface of the refractive index ellipsoid, and the principal axis direction of this ellipse is the component direction of the polarization of the light wave. Yes, half the length of the main axis corresponds to the refractive index in that direction.

  First, regarding a difference in display principle between a display element that performs display using a change in optical anisotropy due to application of an electric field and a conventional liquid crystal display element, a TN system, a VA system, and an IPS are used as conventional liquid crystal display elements. The method will be described as an example.

  As shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D, in the TN liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal layer 105 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates 101 and 102 arranged to face each other. It has a configuration in which transparent electrodes 103 and 104 (electrodes) are provided, and when no voltage is applied, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 105 is twisted and aligned, but when a voltage is applied, The major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned along the electric field direction. In this case, the average refractive index ellipsoid 105a has a direction (major axis direction) in which the principal axis direction (major axis direction) is parallel to the substrate surface (direction in the substrate surface) when no voltage is applied, as shown in FIG. When the direction and voltage are applied, as shown in FIG. 5D, the principal axis direction faces the normal direction of the substrate surface. That is, the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 105a does not change between when no voltage is applied and when the voltage is applied, and the principal axis direction changes (the refractive index ellipsoid 105a rotates).

  As shown in FIGS. 5E and 5F, a VA liquid crystal display element has a liquid crystal layer 205 sandwiched between a pair of substrates 201 and 202 that are arranged to face each other. It has a configuration in which transparent electrodes (electrodes) 203 and 204 are provided, and when no voltage is applied, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 205 is aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface. When a voltage is applied, the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned in a direction perpendicular to the electric field. As shown in FIG. 5E, the average refractive index ellipsoid 205a in this case, when no voltage is applied, the principal axis direction (major axis direction) faces the normal direction of the substrate surface, and FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, when a voltage is applied, the principal axis direction is in a direction parallel to the substrate surface (in-plane direction of the substrate). In other words, in the case of a VA liquid crystal display element, as in the case of a TN liquid crystal display element, the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 205a does not change between when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied, and the principal axis direction changes. (Refractive index ellipsoid 205a rotates).

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 5F and 5G, the IPS liquid crystal display element has a configuration in which a pair of electrodes 302 and 303 are arranged to face each other on the same substrate 301, and is not shown. By applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the counter substrate and the electrodes 302 and 303, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (the principal axis direction (major axis direction) of the refractive index ellipsoid 305a) ), And different display states can be realized when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied. That is, in the case of the IPS liquid crystal display element, as in the case of the TN liquid crystal display element and the VA liquid crystal display element, when no voltage is applied as shown in FIG. 5 (f) and when a voltage is applied as shown in FIG. The shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 305a does not change, but its principal axis direction changes (the refractive index ellipsoid 305a rotates).

  Thus, in the conventional liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in some direction even when no voltage is applied, and display is performed by changing the alignment direction by applying a voltage (modulation of transmittance). Yes. That is, although the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid does not change, the display is performed by utilizing the fact that the principal axis direction of the refractive index ellipsoid is rotated (changed) by voltage application. That is, in the conventional liquid crystal display element, the degree of alignment order of liquid crystal molecules is constant, and display (modulation of transmittance) is performed by changing the alignment direction.

  On the other hand, display elements that display using the change in optical anisotropy due to the application of an electric field, including the display element of this embodiment, are shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). The shape of the refractive index ellipsoid 3a when no voltage is applied is spherical, that is, optically isotropic (nx = ny = nz, orientational order = 0), and anisotropy (nx> when applied with a voltage). ny, orientational order> 0). Note that nx, ny, and nz are the main refractive index in the direction parallel to the substrate surface (in-plane direction of the substrate) and the opposing direction of the electrodes 4 and 5, respectively, and the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface (substrate normal direction) ), The main refractive index in the direction parallel to the substrate surface (in-plane direction of the substrate) and perpendicular to the opposing direction of the electrodes 4 and 5.

  As described above, the display element of the present embodiment performs display by modulating the degree of orientation order, for example, with the direction of optical anisotropy being constant (the voltage application direction does not change). The display principle is greatly different from that of the display element.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the display element of the present embodiment has a medium A (medium layer 3) sealed between the substrates 1 and 2 in a state where no voltage is applied to the electrodes 4 and 5. Since it is isotropic and optically isotropic, it is displayed in black.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, when a voltage is applied to the electrodes 4 and 5, each molecule of the medium A has its long axis direction along the electric field formed between the electrodes 4 and 5. Since it is oriented, a birefringence phenomenon appears. By this birefringence phenomenon, it becomes possible to modulate the transmittance of the display element in accordance with the voltage between the electrodes 4 and 5.

  Note that the voltage required to modulate the transmittance of the display element increases at a temperature sufficiently far from the phase transition temperature (transition point), but a voltage of about 0 to 100 V is sufficient at a temperature immediately above the transition point. It is possible to modulate the transmittance.

For example, according to Non-Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 8, if the refractive index in the electric field direction and the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the electric field direction are n // and n⊥, respectively, the birefringence change (Δn = n // − n⊥) and the external electric field, that is, the electric field E (V / m) is expressed by the following relational expression (3)
Δn = λ · B _k · E ² (3)
It is represented by Here, λ is the wavelength (m) of incident light in vacuum, B _k is the Kerr constant (m / V ² ), and E is the applied electric field strength (V / m).

  It is known that the Kerr constant B decreases with a function proportional to 1 / (T-Tni) as the temperature (T) increases. For this reason, even if the Kerr constant B can be driven with a weak electric field strength in the vicinity of the transition point (Tni), the required electric field strength increases rapidly as the temperature (T) rises. For this reason, the voltage necessary for modulating the transmittance increases at a temperature sufficiently far from the transition point (a temperature sufficiently higher than the transition point), but at a temperature immediately above the phase transition, the transmission is performed at a voltage of about 100 V or less. The rate can be modulated sufficiently.

  Further, when the power is turned on in a display device including a display element using the medium A that exhibits optical anisotropy by application of an electric field as a display medium, the medium A is It is mentioned that the temperature that should be originally driven is not reached, and the physical state of the medium A may be different from the state that the medium A should originally have. For example, when the medium A is in an isotropic phase state immediately above the phase transition temperature of the nematic-isotropic phase and must be driven originally (there may be the opposite case), when the power is turned on, May be in a low temperature nematic state. In this case, when nematics that have optical anisotropy even when no electric field is applied must transmit black due to the optical anisotropy when black display must be achieved in an isotropic state when no electric field is applied. Will end up. Therefore, in such a case, good black display cannot be performed and the contrast is lowered. Of course, the display element can be overheated by a heater or a light source (backlight) to obtain a good display, but it is not easy to raise the temperature and stabilize it instantaneously.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, a dielectric thin film (alignment film) (not shown) subjected to rubbing treatment may be formed on the opposing surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 as necessary. Since the dielectric thin film is formed inside at least one of the pair of substrates 1 and 2, the degree of order of the orientation can be improved, and a greater electro-optic effect, for example, a greater Car effect can be obtained.

  The dielectric thin film may be an organic thin film or an inorganic thin film, and is not particularly limited as long as the orientation effect can be obtained. When the thin film is formed of an organic thin film, it exhibits a good alignment effect, and therefore it is more desirable to use an organic thin film as the dielectric thin film. Among these organic thin films, polyimide has high stability and reliability, and exhibits an extremely excellent alignment effect. Therefore, by using polyimide as the dielectric thin film material, a display element that exhibits better display performance can be obtained. Can be provided.

  The dielectric thin film may be formed so as to cover the comb-shaped electrodes 4 and 5 on the inner side of at least one of the pair of substrates 1 and 2, for example, on the substrate 1. It is not limited. In addition, the dielectric thin film provided on the substrate 1 and the dielectric thin film provided on the substrate 2 are, for example, opposite to each other along the comb-tooth portions 4a and 5a of the comb-shaped electrodes 4 and 5 A rubbing process is performed.

  In the display element of this embodiment, for example, when the ambient temperature is lower than the transition point when the power is turned on and the medium A does not reach the temperature to be driven, the deposited nematic liquid crystal phase is In order to align in the alignment (treatment) direction in the alignment film, in this case, the polarizing plate absorption axis direction, the optical contribution by the nematic liquid crystal phase, that is, the medium whose physical state is different from the original driving state is No. As a result, a good black display can be realized until the temperature of the display element rises due to the heater and the backlight.

  That is, according to the present embodiment, even if optical anisotropy is manifested when no voltage is applied, the opposing surfaces of the pixel substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12 are parallel or orthogonal to one polarizing plate absorption axis. The optical contribution can be eliminated by applying a horizontal alignment treatment in the direction to be performed and keeping the direction of optical anisotropy, that is, the alignment direction parallel or orthogonal to the polarizing plate absorption axis. . That is, in the present embodiment, the surface of the opposing surface of the opposing substrate 12 in the pixel substrate 11 is subjected to a horizontal alignment process, so that the medium A at the substrate interface, strictly speaking, the molecules constituting the medium A are Alignment is performed along the alignment (processing) direction in the alignment process at a temperature lower than the element driving temperature.

  In addition, according to the display element of this embodiment, even when the desired driving temperature range is reached, light leakage during black display due to molecules adsorbed on the substrate interface is not observed, and high contrast can be realized. did it. As a result, it is possible to obtain a display element that is excellent in high-speed response and viewing angle characteristics without lowering contrast.

  Hereinafter, in the present embodiment, as the medium A, the liquid crystalline substances represented by the structural formulas (1) to (3), that is, 3OCB, 5OCB, and 7OCB mixed in equal amounts, respectively, A mixed liquid crystal JC-1041XX (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was added by 17% by weight, a chiral agent ZLI-4572 (manufactured by Merck) was added by 3% by weight, and n-dodecane was added by 2% by weight. The medium A is not limited to this, and the above-described various substances themselves or a mixture of various substances may be applied as the liquid crystalline substance, and a chiral agent and a nonpolar substance may be added thereto.

  In the display element, the medium mixture is maintained at a temperature just above the nematic isotropic phase transition (a temperature slightly higher than the phase transition temperature, for example, +0.1 K) by an external heating device (heating means), and voltage is applied. As a result, the transmittance could be changed. Moreover, when voltage application was performed, the applied voltage which can obtain the maximum transmittance was 46V. At this time, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of the medium A was 54 ° C. That is, the medium A exhibits a nematic phase at a temperature lower than 54 ° C. and an isotropic phase at a temperature higher than that.

  Here, for comparison, in the display element having the above-described configuration, 10 wt. Of each of the liquid crystalline substances represented by the structural formulas (2) and (4), that is, 5OCB and 5CB, is used as the medium A. % And 90% by weight mixed with 0.1% by weight of ethyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as Comparative Example). At this time, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of the medium A was 59 ° C. Further, in this display element, the medium mixture is maintained at a temperature immediately above the phase transition of the nematic isotropic phase (a temperature slightly higher than the phase transition temperature, for example, +0.1 K) by an external heating device (heating means). As a result of applying the voltage, the applied voltage at which the maximum transmittance was obtained was 53V. Further, in the display element of the comparative example, the medium A did not exhibit optical isotropy when no voltage was applied at a temperature lower than the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystalline substance. Therefore, in the display element of the comparative example, light leakage considered to originate from the defect structure occurred. In addition, the driving voltage greatly changed at the phase transition between the isotropic phase and the liquid crystal phase.

  Thus, unlike the display element of the comparative example, in the display element of this embodiment, the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature was slightly low, and the applied voltage for obtaining the maximum transmittance was small. In the display element of the present embodiment, the driving voltage did not change greatly in the vicinity of the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition. That is, in the display element of the present embodiment, unlike the display element of the comparative example, not only the phase transition temperature but also the driving voltage can be reduced at the same time.

  Further, in the display element of the comparative example, the drive voltage increased with the phase transition temperature between the isotropic phase and the low temperature side liquid crystal phase as a boundary, particularly as the temperature became higher than the phase transition temperature. On the other hand, in the display element of the present embodiment, the low temperature phase immediately below the isotropic phase showed optical isotropy. That is, at a temperature lower than the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystalline material, the medium A exhibited optical isotropy when no voltage was applied. Further, the driving voltage required for the orientation change does not change greatly with the phase transition temperature between the isotropic phase and the low temperature side liquid crystal phase as a boundary. This means that the temperature dependence is small with respect to the influence received from the electric field in the vicinity of the phase transition. Furthermore, it shows that the stability is higher than that of the comparative example with respect to the change in the refractive index due to the Kerr effect that changes with the square of the electric field.

  This is because the 3OCB, 5OCB, 7OCB, and the fluorine-based mixed liquid crystal JC-1041XX are mixed in the medium A of the display element of the present embodiment, so that each of them is a single isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase. It is thought that the transitions overlapped in the mixture and the phase transitions became broad. As a result, the structural change did not occur suddenly and an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase was developed.

  In general, the phase transition point of a polymer is not clear compared to a small molecule. This is unclear because there is a molecular weight distribution in a polymer or the like, and the overlap of various phase transition temperatures corresponding to the distribution becomes the phase transition temperature of the entire polymer. Also in this embodiment, the phase transition point is not clear due to the same effect.

  In the present embodiment, since the medium A contains a chiral agent, the energy of intermolecular interaction becomes low if the molecules adjacent to each other in the liquid crystalline substance have a twisted structure. Therefore, the chiral agent spontaneously takes a twisted structure. That is, in the present embodiment, the phase transition that has been broadened in advance develops a twisted structure by introducing a chiral agent, stabilizes the structure, and the phase transition becomes broader. For this reason, it is considered that the drive voltage can be further reduced.

  The medium A further contains dodecane which is a nonpolar substance. Nonpolar substances have slightly poor compatibility in mixing with liquid crystalline substances. Therefore, in the packing in the mixture of the medium A, there is an effect of making the system softer and weakening mutual binding of the constituent molecules. Therefore, it is considered that the orientation change is made easier, and as a result, the drive voltage is lowered. In the present embodiment, the increase in the voltage required for optical modulation is suppressed by adding a non-liquid crystalline substance to a small size so that there is almost no change to the electric field in the isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition. It is thought that it is possible.

  The display element of the present invention is a display element having excellent wide viewing angle characteristics and high-speed response characteristics. For example, an image display device such as a television or a monitor, an OA device such as a word processor (word processor) or a personal computer, or a video The present invention can be widely applied to image display devices provided in information terminals such as cameras, digital cameras, and mobile phones. Further, as described above, the display element of the present invention has a wide viewing angle characteristic and a high-speed response characteristic, and also stabilizes the Kerr effect by lowering the liquid crystal phase-isotropic phase transition temperature and driving. Since the voltage can be reduced, it is also suitable for large screen display and moving image display.

(A) is sectional drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the principal part of the display element of one Embodiment of this invention in a voltage no application state, (b) is a display of this Embodiment in a voltage application state. It is sectional drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the principal part of an element. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the electrode structure and polarizing plate absorption axis in the display element of one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is sectional drawing which shows typically the medium of the said display element in a voltage no application state, (b) is sectional drawing which shows typically the medium of the said display element in a voltage application state. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance | permeability in the said display element. The difference in display principle between the display element and the conventional liquid crystal display element is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the shape of the average refractive index ellipsoid of the medium when no voltage is applied and when the voltage is applied, and its principal axis direction. (A) is a cross-sectional view of the display element according to the present embodiment when no voltage is applied, (b) is a cross-sectional view of the display element according to the present embodiment when voltage is applied, and (c) Is a cross-sectional view of the TN liquid crystal display element when no voltage is applied, (d) is a cross-sectional view of the TN liquid crystal display element when a voltage is applied, and (e) is a voltage of the VA liquid crystal display element. It is a cross-sectional view when no voltage is applied, (f) is a cross-sectional view when a voltage is applied to a VA liquid crystal display element, (g) is a cross-sectional view when no voltage is applied to an IPS liquid crystal display element, (H) is sectional drawing at the time of the voltage application of the liquid crystal display element of an IPS system. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of cubic symmetry in the smectic D phase with a load network model. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the cubic symmetry in a smectic D phase. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the reverse micelle phase mixing system of liquid crystal microemulsion. It is a schematic diagram which shows the other example of the reverse micelle phase mixing system of liquid crystal microemulsion. It is a classification diagram of a lyotropic liquid crystal phase. It is a schematic diagram which shows the various structures of the medium of the display element of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Substrate 2 Substrate 3 Medium layer 4 Electrode (electric field applying means)
4a Comb tooth part 5 Electrode (electric field applying means)
5a Comb portion 6 Polarizing plate 7 Polarizing plate 11 Pixel substrate (substrate)
12 Counter substrate (substrate)
45c, 45d Electric field application direction A Medium

Claims (22)

A display element comprising: a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; and a medium which is sandwiched between the pair of substrates and whose optical anisotropy is changed by application of an electric field,
The medium includes a non-liquid crystalline substance,
An isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature at least two kinds of liquid crystalline substances different from each other, and
A display element having optical isotropy at a temperature lower than an isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperature of each of the liquid crystalline substances.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the medium further contains a chiral agent. A display element comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, and a medium which is sandwiched between the pair of substrates and whose optical anisotropy changes when an electric field is applied,
The display element, wherein the medium includes at least two kinds of liquid crystalline substances having different isotropic phase-liquid crystal phase transition temperatures, a non-liquid crystalline substance, and a chiral agent.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the non-liquid crystalline substance is a nonpolar substance.   The electric field applying means includes at least a pair of comb-shaped electrodes provided on one surface of the pair of substrates facing the other substrate and facing each other in a direction in which the comb-tooth portions are engaged with each other. The display element according to claim 1 or 3.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the comb-tooth portion has a wedge shape.   4. The display element according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed by the wedge-shaped bent portion is less than 90 degrees ± 20 degrees.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein an alignment film is formed on at least one of the pair of substrates.   The display element according to claim 8, wherein the alignment film is an organic thin film.   The display element according to claim 8, wherein the alignment film is made of polyimide.   The display element according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the alignment films is subjected to a horizontal alignment process.   4. The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance exhibits optical isotropy when no electric field is applied, and exhibits optical anisotropy when a voltage is applied.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline material exhibits optical anisotropy when no electric field is applied, and exhibits optical isotropy when a voltage is applied.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance has an alignment order equal to or less than the wavelength of light when no voltage is applied.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance has an ordered structure exhibiting cubic symmetry.   The display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is composed of molecules exhibiting a cubic phase or a smectic D phase.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is a liquid crystal microemulsion.   4. The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is composed of a lyotropic liquid crystal exhibiting a micelle phase, a reverse micelle phase, a sponge phase, or a cubic phase.   4. The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is a liquid crystal fine particle dispersion system exhibiting a micelle phase, a reverse micelle phase, a sponge phase, or a cubic phase.   4. The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is a dendrimer.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is composed of molecules exhibiting a cholesteric blue phase.   The display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline substance is composed of molecules exhibiting a smectic blue phase.

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