JP2005315141A - Exhaust emission control device - Google Patents
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- JP2005315141A JP2005315141A JP2004132982A JP2004132982A JP2005315141A JP 2005315141 A JP2005315141 A JP 2005315141A JP 2004132982 A JP2004132982 A JP 2004132982A JP 2004132982 A JP2004132982 A JP 2004132982A JP 2005315141 A JP2005315141 A JP 2005315141A
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
本発明は、エンジンの排気通路に介装されるフィルタを備え、排気を浄化する排気浄化装置の改良に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an improvement of an exhaust gas purification device that includes a filter interposed in an exhaust passage of an engine and purifies exhaust gas.
近年、ディーゼルエンジンの排気中に含まれる粒子状物質（Ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅ Ｍａｔｔｅｒ、以下ＰＭと称する）を低減する排気浄化装置として、上流側から酸化触媒（ＤＯＣ）とＰＭを捕集するフィルタ（ＤＰＦ）が並んで設けられた連続再生式ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ（以下、ＣＲ−ＤＰＦと称する）の開発が注目されている。このＣＲ−ＤＰＦは、エンジンの排気中に含まれるＰＭをフィルタに捕集しつつ、その捕集ＰＭを燃焼除去するものである。酸化触媒はフィルタの上流側に設けられ、酸化触媒において排気中に含まれるＮＯをＮＯ2に変換することによりフィルタにおける捕集ＰＭの比較的低い低温域で燃焼させるとともに、酸化触媒における酸化反応熱によりフィルタを加熱するようになっている。 In recent years, an oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a filter (DPF) for collecting PM are arranged from the upstream side as an exhaust purification device that reduces particulate matter (hereinafter referred to as PM) contained in the exhaust of a diesel engine. Attention has been focused on the development of a continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (hereinafter referred to as CR-DPF). This CR-DPF collects PM contained in the exhaust of the engine in a filter and burns and removes the collected PM. The oxidation catalyst is provided on the upstream side of the filter, and in the oxidation catalyst, NO contained in the exhaust gas is converted to NO 2 so that the trapped PM in the filter is burned in a relatively low temperature region, and the oxidation reaction heat in the oxidation catalyst. Thus, the filter is heated.
トラップ型のフィルタは、セラミック製ハニカム構造体に目封じタイプの細長い流路（以下、セルと称する）が複数形成されている。エンジンの排気はこのセルを画成形成する隔壁の細孔を通過することにより濾過され、パティキュレートが隔壁に捕集される。 The trap-type filter has a plurality of plug-type elongated channels (hereinafter referred to as cells) formed in a ceramic honeycomb structure. The engine exhaust is filtered by passing through the pores of the partition walls that define the cells, and the particulates are collected in the partition walls.
特許文献１に開示されたフィルタは、フィルタの外周部における触媒層の活性を高めるために、フィルタの外周部における隔壁の通気抵抗を部分的に小さくしている。
しかしながら、図６に示すように、円柱状のフィルタ２を備える従来の排気浄化装置にあっては、フィルタ２を通過する排気の流速分布が図６に矢印で示すように内周部と外周部で異なるため、図７に示すように、フィルタ２の温度分布が不均一になる。このため、フィルタ２の捕集ＰＭを燃焼除去する再生時に、フィルタ２の下流側外周端部Ａに捕集されたＰＭが十分に燃焼除去されず、排気の円滑な流通を妨げて圧力損失が増えるという問題点があった。 However, as shown in FIG. 6, in the conventional exhaust gas purification apparatus including the columnar filter 2, the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas passing through the filter 2 has an inner peripheral portion and an outer peripheral portion as indicated by arrows in FIG. 6. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the temperature distribution of the filter 2 becomes non-uniform. For this reason, at the time of regeneration in which the collected PM of the filter 2 is burned and removed, the PM collected at the outer peripheral end A on the downstream side of the filter 2 is not burned and removed sufficiently, which hinders smooth circulation of exhaust gas and causes pressure loss. There was a problem of increasing.
本発明は上記の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、フィルタの温度分布を均一化する排気浄化装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification device that makes the temperature distribution of a filter uniform.
本発明では、隔壁により画成される複数のセルを有し、各セルの入口と出口が交互に目封じされたフィルタを備え、エンジンの排気がこの隔壁に開口した細孔を通る過程で浄化される構成とした排気浄化装置において、フィルタの外周部に位置するセルの流路長さをその内周部に位置するセルの流路長さより短く形成し、フィルタの外周部における排気の通気抵抗をフィルタの内周部における排気の通気抵抗よりも小さくした。 In the present invention, a filter having a plurality of cells defined by a partition wall, in which an inlet and an outlet of each cell are alternately sealed, is purified in a process in which engine exhaust passes through pores opened in the partition wall. In the exhaust gas purification apparatus configured as described above, the flow path length of the cell located at the outer peripheral portion of the filter is formed shorter than the flow path length of the cell located at the inner peripheral portion thereof, and the exhaust ventilation resistance at the outer peripheral portion of the filter Was made smaller than the ventilation resistance of the exhaust at the inner periphery of the filter.
本発明によると、フィルタの外周部に位置するセルの流路長さをその内周部に位置するセルの流路長さより短く形成し、フィルタの外周部における排気の通気抵抗をフィルタの内周部における排気の通気抵抗よりも小さくしたことにより、フィルタに導かれる排気がフィルタの内周部に集まることが抑えられ、フィルタの温度分布を均一化することができる。 According to the present invention, the flow path length of the cell located on the outer peripheral portion of the filter is formed shorter than the flow path length of the cell located on the inner peripheral portion thereof, and the exhaust ventilation resistance at the outer peripheral portion of the filter is reduced. By making it smaller than the ventilation resistance of the exhaust in the section, it is possible to suppress the exhaust led to the filter from collecting on the inner peripheral portion of the filter, and to make the temperature distribution of the filter uniform.
このため、フィルタをディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタとして用いる場合、フィルタの捕集ＰＭを燃焼除去する再生を均一に行い、フィルタの圧力損失を小さく維持することができる。また、フィルタに触媒を担持する場合、触媒による排気の浄化作用が均一に得られる。 For this reason, when using a filter as a diesel particulate filter, the regeneration which burns and removes the collection PM of a filter can be performed uniformly, and the pressure loss of a filter can be maintained small. Further, when the catalyst is supported on the filter, the exhaust gas purification action by the catalyst can be obtained uniformly.
本発明の実施形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図１に示すように、ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置１にフィルタ（ＤＰＦ）２が備えられる。このフィルタ（ＤＰＦ）２は、コジェライト、ＳｉＣ等からなる多孔質のハニカム構造体によって形成され、隔壁４により複数のセル３が格子状に画成され、各セル３は排気通路の流路方向に延びている。フィルタ２は、各セル３の入口と出口が交互に目封じされ、その入口が目封じされるセル３とその出口が目封じされるセル３とが隣接している。エンジンの排気が各セル３を画成する隔壁４に開口した細孔を通過することにより、フィルタ２は排気中のＰＭを隔壁４に捕集して排気を浄化するようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 1, a diesel engine exhaust gas purification device 1 is provided with a filter (DPF) 2. This filter (DPF) 2 is formed of a porous honeycomb structure made of cordierite, SiC or the like, and a plurality of cells 3 are defined in a lattice shape by partition walls 4, and each cell 3 extends in the flow path direction of the exhaust passage. It extends. In the filter 2, the inlet and outlet of each cell 3 are alternately sealed, and the cell 3 whose inlet is sealed and the cell 3 whose outlet is sealed are adjacent to each other. The engine exhaust gas passes through the pores opened in the partition walls 4 defining each cell 3, so that the filter 2 collects PM in the exhaust gas in the partition walls 4 and purifies the exhaust gas.
この排気浄化装置は、連続再生式ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ（ＣＲ−ＤＰＦ）として用いられ、エンジンの排気中に含まれるＰＭをフィルタ２に捕集しつつ、その捕集ＰＭを燃焼除去するものである。エンジンの排気通路には図示しない酸化触媒（ＤＯＣ）がフィルタ２の上流側に介装され、酸化触媒において排気中に含まれるＮＯをＮＯ2に変換することによりフィルタにおける捕集ＰＭの比較的低い低温域で燃焼させるとともに、酸化触媒における酸化反応熱によりフィルタ２を加熱し、フィルタ２に捕集されたＰＭを燃焼除去するようになっている。 This exhaust purification device is used as a continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter (CR-DPF), and collects PM contained in the exhaust of the engine in the filter 2 and burns and removes the collected PM. . An oxidation catalyst (DOC) (not shown) is interposed upstream of the filter 2 in the exhaust passage of the engine, and the trapped PM in the filter is relatively low by converting NO contained in the exhaust gas into NO 2 in the oxidation catalyst. While burning in a low temperature range, the filter 2 is heated by the oxidation reaction heat in an oxidation catalyst, and PM collected by the filter 2 is burned and removed.
この例において、フィルタ２にはプラチナ等の触媒が担持されている。これにより、隔壁４に捕集されるＰＭの燃焼可能な着火温度が低くなり、捕集ＰＭの燃焼除去が促進される。 In this example, the filter 2 carries a catalyst such as platinum. As a result, the ignition temperature at which the PM collected in the partition wall 4 can be combusted is lowered, and combustion removal of the collected PM is promoted.
ところで、ケーシング５を介してフィルタ２に導かれる排気の流速分布は内周部から外周部にかけて低下するため、フィルタ２を通過する排気がフィルタ２の内周部に集まろうする。 By the way, the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas guided to the filter 2 through the casing 5 decreases from the inner peripheral part to the outer peripheral part, so that the exhaust gas passing through the filter 2 is collected on the inner peripheral part of the filter 2.
本発明はフィルタ２を通過する排気の流速分布を均一化するため、フィルタ２の外周部に位置するセル３の流路長さをその内周部に位置するセル３の流路長さより短く形成し、フィルタ２の外周部における排気の通気抵抗をフィルタ２の内周部における排気の通気抵抗よりも小さくする。 In the present invention, in order to make the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas passing through the filter 2 uniform, the flow path length of the cell 3 positioned on the outer peripheral portion of the filter 2 is formed shorter than the flow path length of the cell 3 positioned on the inner peripheral portion thereof. The exhaust ventilation resistance at the outer periphery of the filter 2 is made smaller than the exhaust ventilation resistance at the inner periphery of the filter 2.
本実施形態では、円柱状をしたフィルタ２の下流側外周端部を環状に削除し、フィルタ２の下流側端部に円柱状に突出する内周凸部２ａを形成した。 In the present embodiment, the downstream outer peripheral end portion of the columnar filter 2 is deleted in an annular shape, and the inner peripheral convex portion 2 a protruding in a columnar shape is formed at the downstream end portion of the filter 2.
円柱状をしたフィルタ２の下流側外周端部を環状に削除することにより、フィルタ２の外周部における排気の通気抵抗をフィルタ２の内周部における排気の通気抵抗よりも小さくする。 By removing the downstream outer peripheral end of the columnar filter 2 in an annular shape, the exhaust ventilation resistance at the outer periphery of the filter 2 is made smaller than the exhaust ventilation resistance at the inner periphery of the filter 2.
こうしてフィルタ２の通気抵抗が内周部より外周部で高められることにより、ケーシング５を介してフィルタ２に導かれる排気がフィルタ２の内周部に集まることが抑えられ、フィルタ２を通過する排気の流速分布を均一化し、フィルタ２の温度分布を均一化する。 In this way, the ventilation resistance of the filter 2 is increased at the outer peripheral portion from the inner peripheral portion, so that the exhaust led to the filter 2 through the casing 5 is suppressed from collecting at the inner peripheral portion of the filter 2 and the exhaust passing through the filter 2 is suppressed. Is made uniform, and the temperature distribution of the filter 2 is made uniform.
図２はフィルタ２の捕集ＰＭを燃焼除去する再生時におけるフィルタ２の温度分布を示す。これに示すように、フィルタ２の略全域を高温部分とすることができるため、フィルタ２の捕集ＰＭが均一に燃焼除去される。この結果、フィルタ２は外周部のセル３においても内周部のセル３と同様に排気の流れが円滑に維持され、フィルタ２の圧力損失を小さく保つことができる。 FIG. 2 shows a temperature distribution of the filter 2 at the time of regeneration in which the collected PM of the filter 2 is burned and removed. As shown in this figure, since the substantially entire region of the filter 2 can be a high-temperature portion, the collected PM of the filter 2 is uniformly burned and removed. As a result, in the filter 2, the flow of exhaust gas can be maintained smoothly in the outer peripheral cell 3 similarly to the inner peripheral cell 3, and the pressure loss of the filter 2 can be kept small.
次に、図３に示す他の実施形態は、円柱状をしたフィルタ２の下流側外周端部を環状に削除し、フィルタ２の下流側端部に球状に突出する内周凸部２ｂを形成するものである。 Next, in another embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the downstream outer peripheral end portion of the columnar filter 2 is annularly deleted, and the inner peripheral convex portion 2 b protruding in a spherical shape is formed at the downstream end portion of the filter 2. It is.
この場合、内周凸部２ｂを球状に突出させることにより、各セル３の通路長がフィルタ２の径方向について漸次変わるため、フィルタ２を通過する排気の流速分布をさらに均一化し、フィルタ２の温度分布を均一化することができる。 In this case, since the passage length of each cell 3 gradually changes in the radial direction of the filter 2 by projecting the inner peripheral convex portion 2b into a spherical shape, the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas passing through the filter 2 is made more uniform, and the temperature distribution of the filter 2 Can be made uniform.
次に、図４に示す他の実施形態は、円柱状をしたフィルタ２の上流側外周端部を環状に削除し、フィルタ２の上流側端部に円柱状に突出する内周凸部２ｃを形成するものである。 Next, in another embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the upstream outer peripheral end of the columnar filter 2 is annularly deleted, and an inner peripheral convex portion 2 c that protrudes in a cylindrical shape is formed at the upstream end of the filter 2. Is.
この場合、内周凸部２ｃを突出させることにより、各セル３の通路長がフィルタ２の径方向について段階的に変わるため、フィルタ２を通過する排気の流速分布を均一化し、フィルタ２の温度分布を均一化することができる。 In this case, since the passage length of each cell 3 changes stepwise in the radial direction of the filter 2 by projecting the inner peripheral convex portion 2c, the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas passing through the filter 2 is made uniform, and the temperature distribution of the filter 2 is changed. It can be made uniform.
次に、図５に示す他の実施形態は、円柱状をしたフィルタ２の上流側外周端部と下流側外周端部をそれぞれ環状に削除し、フィルタ２の上流側端部と下流側端部に円柱状に突出する内周凸部２ｃと内周凸部２ａを形成するものである。 Next, in another embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the upstream outer peripheral end and the downstream outer peripheral end of the columnar filter 2 are respectively deleted in an annular shape, and the upstream end and the downstream end of the filter 2 are removed. The inner peripheral convex part 2c and the inner peripheral convex part 2a which protrude in a columnar shape are formed.
この場合も、内周凸部２ｃと内周凸部２ａをそれぞれ突出させることにより、各セル３の通路長がフィルタ２の径方向について段階的に変わるため、フィルタ２を通過する排気の流速分布を均一化し、フィルタ２の温度分布を均一化することができる。 Also in this case, by projecting the inner circumferential convex portion 2c and the inner circumferential convex portion 2a, the passage length of each cell 3 changes stepwise in the radial direction of the filter 2, so that the flow velocity distribution of the exhaust gas passing through the filter 2 is made uniform, The temperature distribution of the filter 2 can be made uniform.
なお、フィルタ２はディーゼルエンジンのＰＭを低減する排気浄化装置として用いることに限らず、例えばガソリンエンジン等において排気中の未燃成分を酸化させる酸化触媒として用いてもよい。 The filter 2 is not limited to being used as an exhaust purification device for reducing PM of a diesel engine, but may be used as an oxidation catalyst that oxidizes unburned components in exhaust gas, for example, in a gasoline engine.
本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されずに、その技術的な思想の範囲内において種々の変更がなしうることは明白である。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.
本発明の排気浄化装置は、例えばディーゼルエンジンの排気中に含まれる粒子状物質ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ、ガソリンエンジンの排気を浄化する触媒等に利用できる。 The exhaust emission control device of the present invention can be used for, for example, a particulate matter diesel particulate filter contained in the exhaust of a diesel engine, a catalyst for purifying exhaust of a gasoline engine, and the like.
１ 排気浄化装置
２ フィルタ
２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ 内周凸部
３ セル
４ 隔壁
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Exhaust purification device 2 Filter 2a, 2b, 2c Inner peripheral convex part 3 Cell 4 Partition
Claims (5)
前記フィルタの外周部に位置する前記セルの流路長さをその内周部に位置する前記セルの流路長さより短く形成し、前記フィルタの外周部における排気の通気抵抗をフィルタの内周部における排気の通気抵抗よりも小さくしたことを特徴とする排気浄化装置。 A structure having a plurality of cells defined by partition walls, including a filter in which the inlets and outlets of each cell are alternately sealed, and the engine exhaust gas being purified in the process of passing through the pores opened in the partition walls; In the exhaust emission control device,
The flow path length of the cell positioned at the outer peripheral portion of the filter is formed shorter than the flow path length of the cell positioned at the inner peripheral portion thereof, and the ventilation resistance of the exhaust gas at the outer peripheral portion of the filter is set to the inner peripheral portion of the filter. An exhaust emission control device characterized in that it is smaller than the ventilation resistance of exhaust gas.
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| JP2004132982A JP2005315141A (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | Exhaust emission control device |
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| JP2004132982A JP2005315141A (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | Exhaust emission control device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007218135A (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | Exhaust emission control device |
| EP2221098A1 (en) | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-25 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Honeycomb structure |
| JP2011200835A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-10-13 | Kyocera Corp | Honeycomb structure, filter using the same, and exhaust gas treatment apparatus |
| WO2013084587A1 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Ｕｄトラックス株式会社 | Dpf element |
-
2004
- 2004-04-28 JP JP2004132982A patent/JP2005315141A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007218135A (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | Exhaust emission control device |
| EP2221098A1 (en) | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-25 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Honeycomb structure |
| JP2010188231A (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-09-02 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Honeycomb structure |
| JP2011200835A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-10-13 | Kyocera Corp | Honeycomb structure, filter using the same, and exhaust gas treatment apparatus |
| WO2013084587A1 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-13 | Ｕｄトラックス株式会社 | Dpf element |
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