JP2005314106A - Crane and its assembling method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve productivity in total, reduce cost, and cope with change of type of machine easily. <P>SOLUTION: Many types of machines having different lifting capability are classified into a plurality of classes composed of a plurality of types of machines to constitute an upper part turning body 2 using a turning frame 12 decided using a type of machine having the maximum lifting capability in each class as reference as a base. Each winch 5 to 7 is attached to the turning frame by a mounting structure used in common in the same class. Left and right deck frames 13, 14 are divided into a plurality of sections in which different facilities are loaded and are attached to the turning frame 12 per section. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a mobile crane such as a crawler crane or a wheel crane and an assembling method thereof.

  The crane is configured by mounting an upper swing body on a lower traveling body so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis.

  The upper revolving structure is based on the revolving frame, and the deck frames are attached to the left and right sides of the revolving structure. In addition to the lifting equipment including the boom and multiple winches, various necessary equipment such as the engine, cabin, and hydraulic equipment are installed. Installed and configured.

  In this crane, many types with different lifting capabilities are set according to country-specific specifications and standards, customer-specific specifications, and the like.

  Here, conventionally, a revolving frame having different specifications (shape, size, etc.) is set for each model, and each equipment is mounted on this type of revolving frame to constitute an upper revolving structure.

Specifically, for example, for four models with lifting capacity of 50 tons, 55 tons, 65 tons, and 80 tons, dedicated swivel frames, such as for 50 tons, 55 tons, 65 tons, and 80 tons, respectively. Was designed and manufactured, and a crane was assembled based on this (see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent No. 3436157

  However, according to this conventional crane and its assembling method, it is necessary to use as many different types of revolving frames as the number of models, so that the cost for designing, manufacturing and storing the revolving frames themselves is high. Also, if the swivel frame changes, the parts used and the mounting specifications of the installed equipment will change, so the parts and processing costs will be high.

  Furthermore, the total productivity (assembleability) has been very poor because the rotating frame, parts, and equipment must be properly used for each model.

  In addition, if there is a model change due to a change in destination during production, even if the change is small (for example, a change from 50 tons to 55 tons), the entire turning frame must be replaced. Response to changes is worse.

  As described above, the conventional crane has various problems resulting from the use of the swing frame for each model, and the solution of this point has been awaited as the needs of users diversify.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a crane that can improve the total productivity (assemblyability) and reduce the cost, and can easily solve the conventional problems, such as being able to easily cope with model changes. .

  In the invention (crane) of the first aspect, an upper swing body is rotatably mounted on a lower traveling body, and the upper swing body is provided with lifting equipment including a boom and a plurality of types of winches based on the swing frame. In a constructed crane, a large number of models with different lifting capabilities are divided into multiple classes of multiple models, and the upper revolving structure is based on a common swivel frame based on the model with the highest lifting capacity within each class. It is composed.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, the swivel frame side winch mounting portion is provided on the swivel frame, and each winch has a common winch side mounting portion through each model in the same class for each type of winch. The winch is attached to the revolving frame by the revolving frame side winch attaching portion and the winch side attaching portion.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first or second aspect, at least the outer shape and the size of the left and right deck frames provided on the left and right sides of the revolving frame are common to all models in the same class.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the third aspect, the left and right deck frame mounting facilities are configured to be attached to the deck frame by a common mounting portion among the models in the same class.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the third or fourth aspect, the left and right deck frames are divided into a plurality of sections on which different facilities are mounted.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the fifth aspect, the sections of the left and right deck frames can be individually attached to the revolving frame.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the sixth aspect, the left and right deck frame sections have a common mounting structure for the swivel frame through a plurality of types having different sizes of installation equipment depending on the application of the machine. Is.

  The invention of claim 8 is configured such that in the structure of claim 6 or 7, each section can be detachably attached to the revolving frame.

  The invention according to claim 9 (method for assembling the crane) is such that the upper swing body is pivotably mounted on the lower traveling body, and the upper swing body has a lifting equipment including a boom and a plurality of types of winches based on the swing frame. A crane assembly method that consists of a number of different lifting capabilities divided into multiple classes, each with a common swivel frame based on the maximum lifting capability within each class. The upper swing body is assembled by setting the swing frame as a base.

  According to the crane of the present invention (Claims 1 to 8) and its assembling method (Claim 9), a plurality of models having different lifting capabilities are classified into a plurality of models, and the model having the maximum lifting capability in each class is used as a standard. As a common swivel frame is defined and the upper swivel body is configured based on this common swivel frame, the cost of designing, manufacturing and storing the swivel frame itself can be made much lower than before, and swivel With the common use of frames, the cost of parts and processing can be reduced.

  In addition, since it is not necessary to use different turning frames, parts, and facilities for each model, total productivity can be greatly improved.

  In addition, even if there is a model change during the production due to a change in destination, etc., if the change is within the same class (for example, a change from 50 tons to 55 tons), only the equipment can be changed without changing the turning frame. Therefore, it becomes easier to respond to model changes.

  In addition, instead of using a common swivel frame for all model ranges, classify multiple models and then share a swivel frame for each class (limit the range of commonality). Can be balanced. For example, as in the case where the turning frame is determined based on the model having the maximum suspension capacity among all the models, there is no adverse effect such as an excessive increase in the turning frame in the small capacity model, which in turn increases the cost.

  By the way, even if the swivel frame is made common, the size of the winch mounted on the frame is different for each model even in the same class. In this case, if the winch mounting portion corresponding to each model is provided in the revolving frame, the significance of common use of the revolving frame is reduced.

  In this regard, according to the invention of claim 2, since one winch can be attached to each winch by the same mounting portion (for example, the same number and arrangement of mounting holes) regardless of the model, the productivity can be further increased. Can do.

  On the other hand, according to the third to eighth aspects of the invention, corresponding to the common use of the swivel frame, the deck frames provided on both the left and right sides of the swivel frame also have at least the outer shape and size common to all models in the same class Therefore, it is easy to design, manufacture, and assemble the deck frame.

  In this case, according to the invention of claim 4, since the equipment (engine etc.) mounted on the deck frame is attached to the deck frame by a common attachment part for a plurality of models in the same class, the equipment can be easily attached. Productivity can be further increased.

  Further, according to the inventions of claims 5 to 8, since the left and right deck frames are divided into a plurality of sections on which different equipments are respectively mounted, it is possible to mount sub-assemblies by mounting different equipment on each section, As a result, the assemblability can be further improved.

  In this case, according to the invention of claim 6, since each divided section is attached to the revolving frame, for example, when the equipment is installed for each section and assembled after being sub-assembled, there is no need to connect the sections to each other. Will be better. Also, since the equipment can be changed for each section, the replacement work is simplified.

  By the way, even for machines with the same lifting capacity, the size of the equipment (for example, engine) to be mounted differs depending on the application, for example, for construction and civil engineering, and the mounting structure for the deck frame (section) according to this size (For example, the number and arrangement of mounting holes) are different. For this reason, a plurality of types of sections having different installation structures of equipment are prepared, and a section selected from these sections is attached to the swivel frame.

  In this case, according to the invention of the seventh aspect, since the plurality of types of sections are attached to the turning frame by a common attachment portion, the attachment of the sections, the processing of the attachment structure therefor, and the recombination of the sections are simplified.

  Further, according to the invention of claim 8, since each section can be detachably attached to the revolving frame, the sub-assembly can be used when the equipment is exchanged according to the change of the usage (for construction and civil engineering). Can be easily replaced.

  In the following embodiments, a crawler crane is used as an application target.

  FIG. 1 shows the entire crane according to this embodiment.

  In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a crawler type lower traveling body, and an upper revolving body 2 is mounted on the lower traveling body 1 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis via a revolving unit 3. , A plurality of winches (here, main winch 5 for hoisting the main hook, auxiliary winch 6 for hoisting the auxiliary hook, and boom hoisting winch 7 for raising and lowering the boom) and the lifting equipment including the gantry 8 In addition, various necessary facilities such as a cabin 9 and a counterweight 10 are mounted. A hook 11 is raised and lowered by the main winch 5. These facilities and their mounting structures will be described sequentially.

  The upper-part turning body 2 includes a turning frame 12 as a base shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, and left and right deck frames 13 and 14 shown in FIGS.

  Hereinafter, each component will be described.

Swivel frame 12
As shown in FIG. 2, the swivel frame 12 includes a bottom plate 15 and left and right side plates 16 and 16 as main components, and is formed in a rectangular shape that is long in the front-rear direction in plan view.

  In this crane, with respect to the swing frame 12, a large number of models having different lifting capabilities are divided into a plurality of classes each having a plurality of models, and the shape and size of the swing frame 12 are based on the model having the maximum lifting capability within each class. Is set.

  More specifically, for example, all models having a minimum lifting capacity of several tens tons to a maximum lifting capacity of several hundred tons are classified into a class A having a small capacity range and a class E having a large capacity range (A <B <C). <D <E) is divided into five classes.

  For each class A to E, the shape, area, and strength required for the swing frame of this reference machine with reference to the machine having the maximum lifting capacity within that class (for example, 80 tons for the 50 to 80 ton class) Based on the above, one type of common revolving frame 12 is set, and the upper revolving body 2 is assembled for each class based on this revolving frame 12.

  With this configuration, the cost for designing, manufacturing and storing the revolving frame 12 itself can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the cost of parts and processing can be reduced with the common use of the revolving frame 12. it can.

  In addition, since it is not necessary to use the revolving frame 12, parts, and equipment for each model, total productivity can be greatly improved.

  Furthermore, even if there is a model change due to a change in destination during production, if the change is within the same class (for example, a change from 50 tons to 55 tons), the turning frame 12 remains as it is and only the equipment is used. Since it only has to be changed, it becomes easier to cope with model changes.

  In addition, the swivel frame 12 is not shared in the entire model range, but the swivel frame 12 is made common to each class after classifying a plurality of models into classes A to E (restricting the range of commonality). Therefore, it is possible to balance the size of the machine and the cost. For example, as in the case where the swing frame 12 is determined based on the model having the maximum suspension capacity among all the models, there is no adverse effect such as an excessive increase in the swing frame 12 and a cost increase.

Each of the winches 5 to 7 and its mounting structure The swivel frame 12 shared within the class has a front portion of the left and right side plates 16 and 16 as a swivel frame side winch mounting portion for mounting each winch 5, 6, 7. A main winch mounting hole 17 for the main winch 5, a sub winch mounting hole 18 for the sub winch 6 behind the main winch 5, and a boom hoisting winch mounting hole 19 at the rear end of the bottom plate 15.

  In addition, in order to avoid complication of a figure, the code | symbol of each said winch attachment hole 17,18,19 is attached | subjected only to FIG.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the main, sub, and boom hoisting winches 5, 6, 7 are arranged in the same number and in the same number as the winch mounting holes 17, 18, 19 on the revolving frame 12 side. The main winch side, the sub winch side, and the boom hoisting winch side mounting holes 20, 21, and 22 are provided, and each winch is mounted by the mounting holes 17 to 19, 20 to 22 and a fastening means (not shown) such as a pin or bolt. 5 to 7 are attached to the revolving frame 12 side by side.

  Here, the number and arrangement of the winch mounting holes 17 to 19 on the revolving frame side and the mounting holes 20 to 22 on the winch side are common to the models in the same class.

  That is, the size of the winches 5 to 7 is different if the model is different within the same class. Regardless of the size of the winch, the winches 5 are all attached to the winches 5 by the same mounting holes 17 to 19 and 20 to 22 if they are of the same class. ˜7 can be attached to the revolving frame 12.

  In this way, the processing efficiency of the mounting structure on the swivel frame side and the winch side is improved, and the incorporation of the winches 5 to 7 into the swivel frame 12 is facilitated, and the productivity can be further increased.

  Depending on the crane, a third winch (not shown) may be attached, and a third winch attachment hole 23 (see FIG. 2) is provided in the rear part of the side plates 16 and 16 of the revolving frame 12 in preparation for this case. ing.

  By the way, even for the same model, the load for construction and civil engineering is different, so each winch 5-7 is selected from two types (5, 5A, 6, 6A, 7, 7A in FIG. 3) having different capacities. Is mounted.

  In this case, if the turning frame side and winch side mounting portions are provided separately for the two types, the structure becomes complicated and the cost increases.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, for each of the two types of main winches 5, 5A, auxiliary winches 6, 6A, and boom hoisting winches 7, 7A, the winch side mounting holes 20 to 22 and the winch mounting holes 17 on the swivel frame side are provided. , 18 and 19 are common, and by these, any one selected from the two types can be attached.

Swivel frame 12, swivel unit 3, boom 4, gantry 8, counterweight 10
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a boom foot mounting portion 24 is provided at the front end portion of the both side plates 16, 16 in the revolving frame 12, a turning unit mounting portion 25 is provided at the front portion of the bottom plate 15, and the rear end upper portion of the both side plates 16, 16. A gantry mounting portion 26 is provided, and the lower end portion (boom foot) of the boom 4, the swivel unit 3, and the lower end portion of the gantry 8 are respectively attached to the mounting portions 24 to 26 by fastening means (pins, bolts, nuts). . In FIG. 3, reference numeral 27 denotes a turning motor constituting the turning unit 3.

  Note that the swivel unit 3 including the swivel motor 27 is also mounted by being selected from two types (3, 3A, 27, 27A) according to the application even in the same model as the winches 5 to 7.

  Therefore, the two types of swivel units 3, 3A, 27, and 27A also share the same configuration of the mounting portion on the unit side (the number and arrangement of mounting holes) and the configuration of the mounting portion 25 on the swivel frame side. And any one selected from the two types can be attached.

  On the other hand, a counterweight mounting portion 28 is provided at the lower part of the rear end of the side plates 16, 16 in the turning frame 12, and a horizontal pin (not shown) provided on the front surface side of the counterweight 10 is engaged with the counterweight mounting portion 28 from above. The counterweight 10 is attached by stopping.

Swivel frame 12 and left and right deck frames 13, 14
As shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, the left and right deck frames 13 and 14 are each formed in a rectangular frame shape that is long in the front and rear directions.

  Both deck frames 13 and 14 are different in fine parts such as the arrangement of the inner frame material through all models in the same class, but the outer shape and size (width, length, thickness) are common. Has been.

  Accordingly, the deck frames 13 and 14 of each model in the same class can be attached to the revolving frame 12 made common in the same class by a common attachment structure.

  According to this configuration, in combination with the common use of the revolving frame 12, the assemblability of the upper revolving body 2 can be improved and a significant cost reduction can be realized.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5, the left deck frame 13 is divided into three sections 29, 30, and 31 of the front, middle, and rear, and as shown in FIG. 6, the right deck frame 14 is divided into two parts, the front and the rear. Each of the divided sections is divided into sections 32 and 33, and different equipment is mounted for each of the divided sections, and is detachably attached to the revolving frame 12.

  Although the detailed description and illustration of the mounting structure for each section with respect to the swivel frame 12 are omitted, for example, in the same manner as the winch mounting structure described above, a structure that is detachably mounted by means of mounting holes and fasteners (pins or bolts). Is adopted.

  Thus, since the left and right deck frames 13 and 14 are divided into a plurality of sections 29 to 31, 32, and 33 on which different facilities are respectively mounted, it is possible to sub-assemble by mounting different facilities on each section. . As a result, the assemblability is improved, and replacement for each sub-assembly is also possible.

  Furthermore, since each divided section is attached to the revolving frame 12, for example, when an assembly is installed for each section and assembled after being sub-assembled, it is not necessary to connect the sections, and the assemblability can be further improved. .

  Subassembly may be performed as necessary.

  The following equipment is mounted on both deck frames 13 and 14.

  On the front section 29 of the left deck frame 13, a radiator 38 and a battery 39 of a power unit 37 including an engine 34, a power divider 35, a hydraulic pump 36 and the like shown in FIG.

  Further, the engine 34 of the power unit 37, the power divider 35, and the hydraulic pump 36 are mounted on the intermediate section 30, and the hydraulic oil tank 40 is mounted on the rear section 31.

  In FIG. 5, 41 is a left guard attached over each section 29-30 in the state which covers each said equipment.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, the front section 32 of the right deck frame 14 is equipped with an operation unit 42 that performs crane operations such as winch operation, traveling operation, and boom operation, and surrounds the operation unit 42. The cabin 9 is mounted in a state.

  The rear section 33 is mounted with a hydraulic control unit (control valve) 43 and a fuel tank 44 for performing various hydraulic controls during crane work.

  In FIG. 6, 45 is a right guard attached to the rear section 33 so as to cover the hydraulic control unit 43 and the fuel tank 44. The right guard 45 may be integrated with the cabin 9 in advance and may be incorporated into the right deck frame 14 together with the cabin 9 or may be incorporated separately.

  Here, each equipment mounted on both deck frames 13 and 14 varies in size depending on the model even in the same class, but in this crane, each equipment for the deck frames 13 and 14 is passed through all models in the same class. The installation structure of equipment (for example, the number and arrangement of mounting holes when mounting with mounting holes and fastening means) is common.

  In this way, installation of equipment becomes easy and productivity can be further enhanced.

  FIG. 7 summarizes common items in this crane. In the figure, branch codes 1, 2,... Of each class A to E represent models in the class, and common I to common V represent that they are common to each class.

  The power unit 37 and hydraulic oil tank 40 mounted on the left deck frame 13, the operation unit 42 mounted on the right deck frame 14, the hydraulic control unit 43, and the fuel tank 44 are also used in the same manner as the winches 5 to 7. Different abilities are required depending on (for construction and civil engineering), and the sizes are different. 5 and 6 show two types of equipment other than the power unit 37 (one side is given a branch code A).

  Therefore, these are also configured to have a common mounting structure for the revolving frame 12 (for example, the number and arrangement of mounting holes on the revolving frame 12 side and each equipment side), and can be attached to either of the two types. ing.

  On the other hand, the boom 4, the gantry 8 and the counterweight 10 that are attached to the revolving frame 12 may be prepared with different sizes to be selected and used so as to be attached by a common attachment structure.

  In addition, the facilities attached to the swivel frame 12 or the deck frames 13 and 14 by the common attachment structure are not necessarily limited to two types, and may be three types or more.

It is a perspective view of the crane concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the revolving frame used as the base of the upper revolving structure of the crane. It is a disassembled perspective view of each part of the upper swing body including the swing frame. It is a perspective view of a revolving frame and a boom, a gantry, and a counterweight attached to the same. It is a disassembled perspective view of each equipment mounted in a left deck frame. It is a disassembled perspective view of each equipment mounted in a right deck frame and this. It is the figure which put together the item of commonality in the crane concerning an embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lower traveling body 2 Upper turning body 3 Turning unit 4 Boom 5-7, 5A-7A Winch 12 Turning frame 13,14 Left and right deck frame 15 Bottom plate 16,16 Same side plate 17,18,19 Swing frame side winch Winch mounting hole as mounting portion 20, 21, 22 Mounting hole of each winch as a winch side mounting portion 29 Front section of left deck frame 30 Same middle section 31 Rear section 32 Right deck frame front section 33 Same rear portion Section 37 Power unit mounted on left deck frame 34 Power unit engine 35 Same power divider 36 Same hydraulic pump 38 Same radiator 39 Battery 40 Hydraulic oil tank 41 Left guard 42 Operation unit mounted on right deck frame 43 Same hydraulic control unit G 44 Same fuel tank 45 Same right guard

Claims (9)

  An upper swing body is pivotably mounted on the lower traveling body, and the upper swing body has a lifting capacity different in a crane configured by a lifting frame including a boom and a plurality of types of winches based on the swing frame. A crane characterized in that a large number of models are divided into multiple classes of multiple models, and the upper swing structure is based on a common swing frame that is based on the model with the highest lifting capacity in each class.   2. The crane according to claim 1, wherein a swing frame side winch mounting portion is provided on the swing frame, and each winch is provided with a common winch side mounting portion for each type of winch through each model in the same class. A crane characterized in that each winch is attached to a swing frame by a winch attachment portion and a winch side attachment portion.   The crane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least the outer shape and size of the left and right deck frames provided on the left and right sides of the revolving frame are common to all models in the same class.   The crane according to claim 3, wherein the left and right deck frame mounting facilities are configured to be attached to the deck frame by an attachment portion common to each model in the same class.   The crane according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the left and right deck frames are divided into a plurality of sections on which different facilities are mounted.   6. The crane according to claim 5, wherein each section of the left and right deck frames can be individually attached to the swing frame.   The crane according to claim 6, wherein each section of the left and right deck frames has a common mounting structure with respect to the swivel frame through a plurality of types having different sizes of installation equipment depending on the use of the machine. .   The crane according to claim 6 or 7, wherein each section can be detachably attached to the revolving frame.   An upper revolving unit is mounted on a lower traveling body so as to be freely rotatable, and the upper revolving unit is a crane assembling method including a lifting frame including a boom and a plurality of types of winches based on a revolving frame. A large number of models with different lifting capabilities are divided into multiple classes of multiple models, and a common swivel frame is set based on the model with the highest lifting capacity within each class. A method for assembling a crane, comprising assembling the crane.

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