JP2005291983A - Magnetic encoder - Google Patents

Magnetic encoder Download PDF

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JP2005291983A
JP2005291983A JP2004108767A JP2004108767A JP2005291983A JP 2005291983 A JP2005291983 A JP 2005291983A JP 2004108767 A JP2004108767 A JP 2004108767A JP 2004108767 A JP2004108767 A JP 2004108767A JP 2005291983 A JP2005291983 A JP 2005291983A
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reference value
detected
encoder
hall element
magnetic encoder
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JP4320431B2 (en
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Masaki Shimodaira
勝紀 下平
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Tamagawa Seiki Co Ltd
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Tamagawa Seiki Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To acquire cheap and highly precise encoder signals using Hall elements by processing bit outputs using a reference values acquired by the use of a detected body for the reference value, as a threshold value. <P>SOLUTION: The magnetic encoder is composed so as to obtain encoder signals (30) through processing of bit outputs (20) obtained by the use of the detected body (4), using the reference value (21) obtained from detected body (5) for the reference value of constant diameter over whole circumference, as a threshold. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、磁気式エンコーダに関し、特に、基準値用被検出体を検出して得られた基準値をエンコーダ信号の閾値として用い、安価なホール素子を用いて高精度なエンコーダ信号を得るようにするための新規な改良に関する。   The present invention relates to a magnetic encoder, and in particular, uses a reference value obtained by detecting a detection object for a reference value as a threshold value of an encoder signal, and obtains a highly accurate encoder signal using an inexpensive Hall element. It relates to a new improvement.

従来、用いられていたこの種の磁気式エンコーダとしては、一般に、磁性体からなる歯車の回転をMR素子で検出している。
一般に、磁化していない磁性体の動きの検出はMR素子で検出し、磁化されている磁性体、例えば、マグネット等の検出はホール素子で行っているが、MR素子は高価であるため、ホール素子にバイアス磁石を設けて磁化していない磁性体の動きを検出する構成が提案されている。
Conventionally, as this type of magnetic encoder that has been used, the rotation of a gear made of a magnetic material is generally detected by an MR element.
In general, the movement of an unmagnetized magnetic material is detected by an MR element, and the magnetized magnetic material, for example, a magnet, is detected by a Hall element. However, since an MR element is expensive, the Hall element is expensive. There has been proposed a configuration in which a bias magnet is provided in the element to detect the motion of a magnetic material that is not magnetized.

従来の磁気式エンコーダは、以上のように構成されていたため、次のような課題が存在していた。
すなわち、歯車等の磁化していない磁性体からなる被検出体を、バイアス磁石を用いてホール素子で検出する場合、ホール素子出力はバイアス磁石によりオフセットを持つが、このオフセットは被検出体とホール素子との隙間変動により大きく変化するため、高精度なエンコーダ信号を安定して得ることは困難であった。
Since the conventional magnetic encoder is configured as described above, the following problems exist.
That is, when a detected object made of a non-magnetized magnetic material such as a gear is detected by a Hall element using a bias magnet, the Hall element output has an offset by the bias magnet. Since it changes greatly due to the gap fluctuation with the element, it has been difficult to stably obtain a highly accurate encoder signal.

本発明による磁気式エンコーダは、外周に凹部と凸部を有し磁性材よりなり回転軸に設けられた被検出体の回転をホール素子で検出し、エンコーダ信号を得るようにした磁気式エンコーダにおいて、前記被検出体に設けられ前記凹部と凸部の中間の径を有し基準値を得るため前記径が全周にわたり一定の基準値用被検出体と、前記ホール素子を有し前記被検出体の近傍に位置するバイアス磁石とを有し、前記基準値を前記エンコーダ信号の閾値として用いるようにした構成であり、また、前記回転軸には、複数の前記被検出体が積層されて設けられ複数bitを形成し、前記バイアス磁石に設けられた前記ホール素子を複数有する構成であり、また、前記各ホール素子は、直線形状の前記バイアス磁石に設けられている構成である。   A magnetic encoder according to the present invention is a magnetic encoder that has a recess and a protrusion on the outer periphery and is made of a magnetic material and detects rotation of a detected object provided on a rotating shaft with a Hall element to obtain an encoder signal. A reference value to be detected, which is provided on the detected object and has a diameter between the concave portion and the convex portion to obtain a reference value, and has a constant reference value over the entire circumference, and the Hall element. A bias magnet located in the vicinity of the body, wherein the reference value is used as a threshold value of the encoder signal, and the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of the detected bodies stacked. A plurality of the hall elements provided on the bias magnet, and each hall element is provided on the linear bias magnet.

本発明による磁気式エンコーダは、以上のように構成されているため、次のような効果を得ることができる。
すなわち、被検出体を有する回転軸に基準値用被検出体を設け、この基準値用被検出体に対応したホール素子から得られる一定レベルの安定した値の基準値を閾値として用い、エンコーダ信号のレベルを検出しているため、常に高精度な閾値以上の信号からなるエンコーダ信号を得ることができる。
また、センサとしては安価なホール素子を用いることができ、安価な磁気式エンコーダを得ることができる。
Since the magnetic encoder according to the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
In other words, a reference value detection object is provided on a rotating shaft having a detection object, and a reference value of a stable value obtained from a Hall element corresponding to the reference value detection object is used as a threshold value, and an encoder signal Therefore, it is possible to always obtain an encoder signal composed of a signal having a highly accurate threshold value or more.
In addition, an inexpensive Hall element can be used as the sensor, and an inexpensive magnetic encoder can be obtained.

本発明は、周面に凹凸のない基準値用被検出体を回転軸に設け、この基準値を閾値としてエンコーダ信号を処理することにより、常に安定したエンコーダ信号を得ることを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to always obtain a stable encoder signal by providing an object to be detected for a reference value with no irregularities on a peripheral surface on a rotating shaft and processing the encoder signal using this reference value as a threshold value.

以下、図面と共に本発明による磁気式エンコーダの好適な実施の形態について説明する。
図1において、符号1で示されるものは回転軸であり、この回転軸1には、図2で示されるような凸部2と凹部3が繰り返して形成された歯車状をなす磁性体の被検出体4が同軸に設けられ、この回転軸1には、所要のbit数に対応する枚数の複数の被検出体4が積層する状態で設けられている。
尚、この図1の構成では、5bitに相当する被検出体4が用いられた場合を示しており、各被検出体4の凸部2と凹部3のパターンは各々異なるように形成されている。
A preferred embodiment of a magnetic encoder according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, what is indicated by reference numeral 1 is a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft 1 is covered with a gear-like magnetic body formed by repeatedly forming convex portions 2 and concave portions 3 as shown in FIG. A detection body 4 is provided coaxially, and a plurality of detection bodies 4 corresponding to the required number of bits are provided on the rotating shaft 1 in a stacked state.
1 shows a case where the detection object 4 corresponding to 5 bits is used, and the patterns of the convex part 2 and the concave part 3 of each detection object 4 are formed to be different from each other. .

前記回転軸1に積層された各被検出体4の一部には、基準信号を得るための磁化されていない磁性体からなる基準値用被検出体5が設けられており、この基準値用被検出体5の径に各被検出体4の凸部2と凹部3の中間となる形状に設定され、かつ、その外周は凹凸のない面のみの周面で形成されている。   A reference value detection object 5 made of a non-magnetized magnetic material for obtaining a reference signal is provided in a part of each detection object 4 stacked on the rotating shaft 1. The diameter of the detected body 5 is set to a shape that is intermediate between the convex portion 2 and the concave portion 3 of each detected body 4, and the outer periphery thereof is formed by only a peripheral surface having no unevenness.

前記各被検出体4、5の近傍位置には、直線形状に形成されたバイアス磁石6が配設され、このバイアス磁石6の長手方向は前記回転軸1の軸方向と並列に形成されている。
前記バイアス磁石6には、前記各被検出体4、5に個別に対応した状態でホール素子10〜15が配設されて背面側からバイアス磁界が加えられるように構成されており、bit1〜5迄の各被検出体4の各bit出力20は各ホール素子10、11、13、14、15から出力され、前記基準値用被検出体5に対応したホール素子12からは一定レベルの変化しない基準値21が出力される。
A bias magnet 6 formed in a linear shape is disposed in the vicinity of the detected bodies 4 and 5, and the longitudinal direction of the bias magnet 6 is formed in parallel with the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1. .
The bias magnet 6 is configured such that Hall elements 10 to 15 are disposed in a state corresponding to the detected objects 4 and 5 individually, and a bias magnetic field is applied from the back side. Each bit output 20 of each detected object 4 until is output from each Hall element 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and does not change at a constant level from the Hall element 12 corresponding to the reference value detected object 5. A reference value 21 is output.

次に、動作について説明する。図1の状態で、図示しない工作機等の回転部材に接続された回転軸1が回転すると、各被検出体4及び基準値用被検出体5が同時に回転する。   Next, the operation will be described. In the state of FIG. 1, when the rotating shaft 1 connected to a rotating member such as a machine tool (not shown) rotates, each detected body 4 and the reference value detected body 5 rotate simultaneously.

前述の状態で、例えば、bit2のbit出力20がパルス状に出力されているとすると、このbit出力20に対して、基準値用被検出体5に対応したホール素子12からのRef出力である基準値21が出力される。   In the above state, for example, if the bit output 20 of bit 2 is output in the form of a pulse, the Ref output from the Hall element 12 corresponding to the detected object 5 for the reference value is output with respect to the bit output 20. A reference value 21 is output.

前記bit出力20は、従来、エンコーダ信号として用いられていたものであるが、図3に示されるようにパルス状であり、このbit出力20に対して基準値21を閾値として用いて信号処理することにより、この基準値21以上のレベルの信号がエンコーダ信号30として取り出される。すなわち、エンコーダ信号30は前記基準値21を閾値として処理されて得られている。   The bit output 20 is conventionally used as an encoder signal, but has a pulse shape as shown in FIG. 3, and the bit output 20 is subjected to signal processing using the reference value 21 as a threshold value. As a result, a signal having a level equal to or higher than the reference value 21 is extracted as the encoder signal 30. That is, the encoder signal 30 is obtained by processing using the reference value 21 as a threshold value.

前記各bit出力20は、本来、磁化していない被検出体4をバイアス磁石を用いてホール素子で検出する際、各bit出力20は、バイアス磁石6によってオフセットを持っているが、このオフセットは被検出体4とホール素子10、11、13、14、15との間の隙間変動により大きく変化するものであり、本発明においては、被検出体4と同時に回転して隙間が変化する(但し、凹凸がないため、基準値21は変化しない)基準値用被検出体5を用いているため、前述のオフセットがキャンセルされ、隙間変動に対するマージンを得ることができ、エンコーダ信号30の精度を向上させることができる。   Each of the bit outputs 20 has an offset by the bias magnet 6 when the detected object 4 that is not magnetized is detected by a Hall element using a bias magnet. It changes greatly due to gap fluctuations between the detected body 4 and the Hall elements 10, 11, 13, 14, and 15. In the present invention, the clearance is changed by rotating simultaneously with the detected body 4 (however, (The reference value 21 does not change because there is no unevenness.) Since the reference value detection target 5 is used, the above-described offset is canceled, a margin for gap variation can be obtained, and the accuracy of the encoder signal 30 is improved. Can be made.

本発明は、磁気式エンコーダだけではなく、他の回転検出信号の処理にも適用可である。   The present invention is applicable not only to magnetic encoders but also to processing of other rotation detection signals.

本発明による磁気式エンコーダを示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the magnetic encoder by this invention. 図1の被検出体を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the to-be-detected body of FIG. 図1のホール素子から得られる各信号を示す波形図である。It is a wave form diagram which shows each signal obtained from the Hall element of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 回転軸
2 凸部
3 凹部
4 被検出体
5 基準値用被検出体
6 バイアス磁石
10〜15 ホール素子
20 bit出力
21 Ref出力(基準値)
30 エンコーダ信号
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating shaft 2 Convex part 3 Concave part 4 Detected object 5 Detected object for reference value 6 Bias magnet 10-15 Hall element 20 bit output 21 Ref output (reference value)
30 Encoder signal

Claims (3)

外周に凹部(3)と凸部(2)を有し磁性材よりなり回転軸(1)に設けられた被検出体(4)の回転をホール素子(10、11、13〜15)で検出し、エンコーダ信号(30)を得るようにした磁気式エンコーダにおいて、
前記被検出体(4)に設けられ前記凹部(3)と凸部(2)の中間の径を有し基準値(21)を得るため前記径が全周にわたり一定の基準値用被検出体(5)と、前記ホール素子(10、11、13〜15)を有し前記被検出体(4)の近傍に位置するバイアス磁石(6)とを有し、前記基準値(21)を前記エンコーダ信号(30)の閾値として用いるように構成したことを特徴とする磁気式エンコーダ。
The hall element (10, 11, 13-15) detects the rotation of the detected object (4), which is made of a magnetic material and has a concave part (3) and a convex part (2) on the outer circumference, and is provided on the rotating shaft (1). In a magnetic encoder adapted to obtain an encoder signal (30),
The reference object to be detected, which is provided on the object to be detected (4) and has an intermediate diameter between the concave part (3) and the convex part (2) to obtain the reference value (21). (5) and a bias magnet (6) that has the Hall element (10, 11, 13 to 15) and is located in the vicinity of the detected object (4), and the reference value (21) is A magnetic encoder configured to be used as a threshold value of an encoder signal (30).
前記回転軸(1)には、複数の前記被検出体(4)が積層されて設けられ複数bitを形成し、前記バイアス磁石(6)に設けられた前記ホール素子(10、11、13〜15)を複数有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の磁気式エンコーダ。   A plurality of the detected bodies (4) are provided on the rotating shaft (1) to form a plurality of bits, and the Hall elements (10, 11, 13 to 13) provided on the bias magnet (6) are provided. The magnetic encoder according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of 15). 前記各ホール素子(10、11、13〜15)は、直線形状の前記バイアス磁石(6)に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の磁気式エンコーダ。   3. The magnetic encoder according to claim 1, wherein each of the Hall elements (10, 11, 13 to 15) is provided on the linearly-shaped bias magnet (6).
JP2004108767A 2004-04-01 2004-04-01 Magnetic encoder Expired - Fee Related JP4320431B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012018090A (en) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-26 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Rotation angle detecting device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012018090A (en) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-26 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Rotation angle detecting device

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