JP2005290470A - Alloy tool steel having excellent strength and toughness - Google Patents
Alloy tool steel having excellent strength and toughness Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005290470A JP2005290470A JP2004106515A JP2004106515A JP2005290470A JP 2005290470 A JP2005290470 A JP 2005290470A JP 2004106515 A JP2004106515 A JP 2004106515A JP 2004106515 A JP2004106515 A JP 2004106515A JP 2005290470 A JP2005290470 A JP 2005290470A
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本発明は、金属粉末を分級により非金属介在物を除去した強度、靱性に優れた合金工具鋼に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an alloy tool steel having excellent strength and toughness obtained by removing non-metallic inclusions by classification of metal powder.
従来、金属粉末を製造するためのアトマイズに使用される溶解炉からのダンディッシ ュなどの注湯装置においては、耐火物内で合金を溶解する際、脱落した耐火物が溶湯内に混入したり、また、発生した酸化物等の非金属介在物が鋼内に混入し、さらには、この耐火物および酸化物が注湯と共に噴霧されて粉末中に介在物となり、この介在物が合金内に混入し、材料の強度、靱性を低下させている。このため、耐火物材質の改善や溶解中の酸化防止等の操業改善をしてきたが、非金属介在物の低減には限界となっていた。 Conventionally, in a pouring device such as a dandy from a melting furnace used for atomization for producing metal powder, when the alloy is melted in the refractory, the dropped refractory is mixed in the melt, In addition, non-metallic inclusions such as generated oxide are mixed in the steel, and further, this refractory and oxide are sprayed together with molten metal to become inclusions in the powder, and these inclusions are mixed in the alloy. However, the strength and toughness of the material are reduced. For this reason, although operation improvements such as improvement of refractory materials and prevention of oxidation during melting have been made, there has been a limit to the reduction of non-metallic inclusions.
上記した問題の対策の一つとして、例えば特開平２−２５５６５号公報（特許文献１）に開示されているように、スパッタリングターゲット用の各種組成の合金の粒径１ｍｍ以下の粉末を可鍛性金属容器に封入後、これを上記合金の融点より低い温度に加熱して２０００ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以上の圧力で加圧してスパッタリングターゲット材料を製造する場合に、合金を溶解、アトマイズすることにより金属粉末を作製し、これを分級することにより介在物を除去する方法が提案されている。 As one of the countermeasures for the above problems, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-2-25565 (Patent Document 1), an alloy of various compositions for a sputtering target is made of malleable powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less. When encapsulated in a metal container, this is heated to a temperature lower than the melting point of the above alloy and pressurized at a pressure of 2000 kg / cm 2 or more to produce a sputtering target material, the metal powder is obtained by melting and atomizing the alloy. There has been proposed a method of removing inclusions by producing them and classifying them.
しかしながら、上述した特許文献１に開示されているように、１ｍｍ以下の粉末に分級するとあるが、この方法では２５０〜６５０μｍの大きさの介在物を除去することは出来ないという問題がある。 However, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, the powder is classified into powders of 1 mm or less, but this method has a problem that inclusions having a size of 250 to 650 μm cannot be removed.
上述したような問題を解消するために、発明者らは鋭意開発を進めた結果、アトマイズにより製造された金属粉末を分級により２００〜６００μｍに調整することにより、非金属介在物を除去し、その後の製品への混入を低減させ、また、歩留り低下を９５％以上の歩留りとなるようアトマイズ後の粉末の粒度分布を調整することにある。すなわち、製品に悪影響を及ぼす非金属介在物粒度は２００μｍ以上であり、分級による歩留りを考慮して６００μｍまでの介在物除去を条件としたものである。 In order to solve the problems as described above, the inventors have intensively developed, and as a result, the metal powder produced by atomization is adjusted to 200 to 600 μm by classification to remove non-metallic inclusions, and thereafter It is intended to adjust the particle size distribution of the powder after atomization so as to reduce the contamination of the product and reduce the yield to 95% or more. That is, the particle size of non-metallic inclusions that adversely affects the product is 200 μm or more, and the inclusion removal up to 600 μm is a condition in consideration of the yield by classification.
その発明の要旨とするところは、
（１）アトマイズにより製造された金属粉末を分級により介在物を除去し、該金属粉末を固化成形することを特徴とする強度、靱性に優れた合金工具鋼。
（２）前記（１）に記載の金属粉末を２００〜６００μｍの篩にて分級することにより介在物を除去した後該金属粉末を固化成形することを特徴とする強度、靱性に優れた合金工具鋼。
（３）前記（１）または（２）に記載の金属粉末を分級により介在物を除去し、歩留り９５％以上になるように粉末の分布調整したことを特徴とする強度、靱性に優れた合金工具鋼にある。
The gist of the invention is that
(1) An alloy tool steel excellent in strength and toughness, characterized by removing inclusions by classification of metal powder produced by atomization and solidifying and molding the metal powder.
(2) An alloy tool having excellent strength and toughness, characterized in that inclusions are removed by classifying the metal powder according to (1) above with a 200-600 μm sieve and then the metal powder is solidified and formed. steel.
(3) An alloy excellent in strength and toughness, characterized in that inclusions are removed from the metal powder according to (1) or (2) by classification, and the distribution of the powder is adjusted so that the yield is 95% or more. In tool steel.
以上述べたように、本発明により非金属介在物の極めて少ない金属粉末を使用した合金工具鋼は、強度および靱性に優れた工具鋼を提供することが可能となった。 As described above, according to the present invention, the alloy tool steel using the metal powder with extremely few non-metallic inclusions can provide a tool steel excellent in strength and toughness.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
図１は、アトマイズにより製造された金属粉末径とその割合を示す分布図である。この図に示すように、図１（ａ）は従来のアトマイズにより製造された金属粉末の径の分布である。また、図１（ｂ）は本発明によるアトマイズにより製造された金属粉末の径の分布を示し、また、図１（ｃ）は本発明によるアトマイズ条件を調整した上で分級した場合の金属粉末の径とその割合を示している。この図（ｂ）から分かるように、分級により歩留り低下を５％以下に抑えるため、分級前の金属粉末の平均粒径を５０〜１５０μｍになるように、アトマイズ条件を、例えば、ノズル径φ６をφ２．５に調整することによって行った。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram showing the diameter of metal powder produced by atomization and its ratio. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 (a) shows the distribution of diameters of metal powders manufactured by conventional atomization. FIG. 1 (b) shows the distribution of the diameter of the metal powder produced by atomization according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 (c) shows the metal powder when classified after adjusting the atomization conditions according to the present invention. The diameter and its ratio are shown. As can be seen from this figure (b), in order to suppress the yield drop to 5% or less by classification, the atomization conditions are set so that the average particle diameter of the metal powder before classification is 50 to 150 μm, for example, the nozzle diameter φ6 is This was done by adjusting to φ2.5.
上述のように、アトマイズのノズル条件を調整することにより、分級する前の金属粉末の平均粒径を小さくした。その結果、図１（ｂ）に示すような金属粉末径の分布状況となり、この金属粉末を分級することで、図１（ｃ）に示す金属粉末の分布状態が得られる。この場合、本発明においては、ガスアトマイズ法によって得た金属粉末を２００〜６００μｍの篩にて分級することにより上記介在物の除去を行うものである。この分級に際して篩を２００〜６００μｍに限定した理由は、２００μｍ未満の場合は歩留りが悪く、コスト高になる。一方、６００μｍを超えると得られた合金製品の強度、靱性が得られないことから、その範囲を２００〜６００μｍとした。 As described above, by adjusting the atomizing nozzle conditions, the average particle diameter of the metal powder before classification was reduced. As a result, the distribution state of the metal powder diameter as shown in FIG. 1B is obtained. By classifying the metal powder, the distribution state of the metal powder shown in FIG. 1C is obtained. In this case, in this invention, the said inclusion is removed by classifying the metal powder obtained by the gas atomizing method with a 200-600 micrometer sieve. The reason why the size of the sieve is limited to 200 to 600 μm in this classification is that when the size is less than 200 μm, the yield is poor and the cost is high. On the other hand, since the strength and toughness of the obtained alloy product cannot be obtained when the thickness exceeds 600 μm, the range is set to 200 to 600 μm.
上述したように、粒度分布調整したガスアトマイズ法によって得た金属粉末を２００〜６００μｍの篩にて分級することにより、上記介在物の除去を行うものである。その分級した金属粉末をキャニングした後ＨＩＰ処理（熱間高圧下処理）なるホットプレスによる高温下での高い圧力にてプレスした後鍛造・圧延して強度、靱性の優れた合金工具鋼を得るか、または、分級した金属粉末を熱間押出しによって強度、靱性の優れた合金工具鋼を得るか等の熱間加工については特に限定するものではない。 As described above, the inclusions are removed by classifying the metal powder obtained by the gas atomization method in which the particle size distribution is adjusted, with a 200 to 600 μm sieve. Can the alloyed tool steel with excellent strength and toughness be obtained by canning the rolled metal powder and then pressing it at a high temperature under high pressure using a hot press that is HIP (hot under high pressure) and then forging and rolling? There is no particular limitation on the hot working such as obtaining a tool steel with excellent strength and toughness by hot extrusion of the classified metal powder.
以下、本発明について実施例によって具体的に説明する。
アルゴンガス雰囲気での高周波誘導溶解を用いて、１．３％Ｃ−４％Ｃｒ−５％Ｍｏ−６％Ｗ−３％Ｖ−８％Ｃｏ−残部Ｆｅなる合金を溶解し、アルゴンガスアトマイズ法により、ノズル径φ２．５ｍｍを用いて噴霧して、平均粒径１５０μｍの粉末を得る。この粉末を、３００〜５００ｍｍの篩で分級した後の分級粒径を表１に示す。この表１に示す各粒度に分級した粉末をφ６０に熱間押出し、この一部を試験片として切出し試験を行った。この試験片の試験結果を表１に示す。なお、表１に示す、抵抗強度試験条件としては、４ｍｍ×８ｍｍ×Ｌ４０ｍｍに調整した試験片の支点間距離を２０ｍｍとし、その中央部に荷重をかけ試験片は破断するに要したエネルギーを算出した。また、シャルピー衝撃値試験条件としてはＪＩＳ Ｚ ２２４２に準じて行った。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
Using high-frequency induction melting in an argon gas atmosphere, an alloy of 1.3% C-4% Cr-5% Mo-6% W-3% V-8% Co-remaining Fe is melted and argon gas atomization is used. Then, spraying is performed using a nozzle diameter of φ2.5 mm to obtain a powder having an average particle diameter of 150 μm. Table 1 shows the classified particle size after this powder was classified with a 300-500 mm sieve. The powder classified into each particle size shown in Table 1 was hot-extruded to φ60, and a cut test was conducted using a part of this powder as a test piece. The test results of this test piece are shown in Table 1. In addition, as resistance strength test conditions shown in Table 1, the distance between the fulcrums of the test piece adjusted to 4 mm × 8 mm × L 40 mm is set to 20 mm, the load is applied to the center portion, and the energy required for the test piece to break is calculated. did. Moreover, as Charpy impact value test conditions, it was performed according to JIS Z 2242.
表１に示すように、Ｎｏ．１〜６は本発明例であり、Ｎｏ．７〜１０は比較例である。比較例Ｎｏ．７は分級を行わない場合であり、抵抗強度およびシャルピー衝撃値が低い値を示している。比較例Ｎｏ．８は分級粒径が１０００μｍの場合であり、比較例Ｎｏ．７と同様に、抵抗強度およびシャルピー衝撃値が低い値を示している。比較例Ｎｏ．９は分級粒径が７００μｍの場合であり、比較例Ｎｏ．７、８と同様に、抵抗強度およびシャルピー衝撃値が低い値を示している。比較例Ｎｏ．１０は分級粒径が１００μｍの場合であり、粉末歩留りが悪い値を示している。これに対し、本発明例であるＮｏ．１〜６はいずれも粉末歩留りを９５％以上保ち、かつ、抵抗強度およびシャルピー衝撃値の優れていることが分かる。 As shown in Table 1, no. Nos. 1 to 6 are examples of the present invention. 7 to 10 are comparative examples. Comparative Example No. 7 is a case where classification is not performed, and the resistance strength and the Charpy impact value are low. Comparative Example No. No. 8 is the case where the classified particle size is 1000 μm. Similar to 7, the resistance strength and Charpy impact value are low. Comparative Example No. No. 9 is a case where the classified particle diameter is 700 μm. Similar to 7 and 8, the resistance strength and Charpy impact value are low. Comparative Example No. 10 is the case where the classified particle size is 100 μm, and shows a value with poor powder yield. On the other hand, No. which is an example of the present invention. It can be seen that all of Nos. 1 to 6 maintain the powder yield of 95% or more, and are excellent in resistance strength and Charpy impact value.
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