JP2005288611A - Lapping method and device for gear - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To establish the desired tooth abutting condition of a pair of gears with high efficiency by measuring the tooth abutting condition accurately. <P>SOLUTION: The lapping method for gears comprises a plurality of processes; a lubricating oil applying process S10 to apply lubricating oil to each flank of at least one of a pair of gears meshing with each other, a tooth flank temperature rise detecting process to detect the distribution of temperature rises over the tooth flank of the gear generated by the rotation of the pair of gears, a tooth flank temperature comparing process S16 to compare the distribution of the tooth flank temperature rise with the reference data about the distribution of the preset tooth flank temperature rise of the gear, a relative positioning calculating process S18 to calculate the optimum relative positioning of the pair of gears on the basis of the comparing result in the tooth flank temperature comparing process S16, and a lapping process to perform lapping of the pair of gears on the basis of the comparing result in the process S16 after position adjustment of the pair of gears into the optimum relative positioning in a gear position adjusting process S19. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a gear lapping method and apparatus.

  Conventionally, it is an unchanging problem to prevent the generation of gear noise when manufacturing gears. In particular, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for quietness in the interior of a vehicle or the like, and in gears used in power transmission systems of automobiles or the like, there is an increasing demand for reduction of gear noise that is relatively pure and easily heard. In general, in order to reduce gear noise, it is conceivable to review the construction method such as addition of tooth surface finish after heat treatment, or to enhance the control of tooth surface accuracy. For example, bevel gears and other processing lines are distorted by heat treatment. A lapping process using a lapping machine (lapping apparatus) is performed as a method for removing the distortion of the tooth surface (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).

In the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, lapping of a pair of gears is performed by the following procedure (procedures [1] to [4] below).
[1] First, the shaft positions of the drive gear and the driven gear are positioned so as to be in a relative position where the pair of gears are estimated to be in an optimum tooth contact state (engagement state).
[2] Then, wrapping material (wrapping compound liquid) is supplied between the tooth surfaces of the pair of gears meshed with each other, and wrapping is performed by driving the drive gear.

  [3] Next, after the lapping, the pair of gears is moved to another device, or in the same device, vibration measurement using a measuring machine including an acceleration sensor, a noise sensor, etc. Tooth surface accuracy measurement such as tooth contact inspection is performed. Tooth contact inspection using Komyotan is done by applying Komyotan to the tooth surface and visually checking where the Komyotan peeled off by meshing a pair of gears, or taking a picture with a camera. It is done by doing.

[4] By repeating the processes [1] to [3] described above until a desired result is obtained by this tooth surface accuracy measurement, a pair of gears is lapped.
Special table 2002-524277 gazette JP 2004-42178 A

  However, with the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, the tooth surface accuracy measurement (the processing of [3] above) cannot measure which part (region) of the tooth surface is in a poor meshing state. In other words, in a state where the pair of gears are engaged with each other, it is impossible to measure which area of the tooth surface has a high surface pressure, so without performing accuracy measurement on the tooth surface shape distorted by heat treatment, After the positioning of the shaft (the process [1] above), the lapping (the process [2] above) is first performed to prepare the tooth surface to some extent.

  In addition, vibration measurement using a measuring machine including an acceleration sensor, a noise sensor, etc., especially for bevel gears and hypoid gears, is expensive and requires a long time for measurement. In many cases, however, in the tooth contact inspection using Komyotan, even in the part where the tooth does not actually hit, the tooth hits due to the thickness of Komyotan. Is peeled off and there is a problem that an accurate tooth contact inspection cannot be performed. Therefore, in particular, in the bevel gear and hypoid gear lapping, there is no other way than first performing lapping and adjusting the tooth surface to some extent.

As described above, in the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, first, lapping is performed to prepare a tooth surface to some extent, then tooth surface accuracy is measured, and lapping is performed again. Is inefficient, and it takes time for lapping.
In addition, when performing lapping for the first time, positioning of each axis of the drive gear and driven gear without considering the characteristics of the tooth surface after the heat treatment is performed, and then lapping is performed first. Wrapping is also performed on the pair of gears that are in meshing state, and the tooth contact state (meshing state) may be deteriorated by wrapping.

Further, until the desired tooth surface accuracy measurement result is obtained, the above tooth surface accuracy measurement is performed as needed after lapping, and the operator tries to position each shaft of the pair of gears while checking the tooth surface accuracy measurement result. Since it was done by AND error, the lapping process takes an enormous amount of work time, and a lot of consumables such as wrapping materials and Komyotan are used, which increases the cost for the lapping process.
In addition, if the lapping process is performed for a long time, the tooth surface becomes dull, and as a result, the tooth contact state may be deteriorated.

  The present invention was devised in view of such a problem, and a gear lapping method capable of measuring a tooth contact state of a pair of gears with high accuracy and realizing a desired tooth contact state with high efficiency. And to provide an apparatus.

  In order to achieve the above object, the gear lapping method of the present invention according to claim 1 comprises a lubricating oil application step of applying a lubricating oil to a tooth surface of at least one gear of a pair of gears meshing with each other, and the lubricating Tooth surface temperature rise detection step for detecting the temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear caused by the rotation of the pair of gears after the oil application step, and the tooth surface detected in the tooth surface temperature rise detection step Based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step and the tooth surface temperature comparison step, which compares the distribution of the temperature increase with the reference data on the preset tooth surface temperature increase distribution of the one gear. A relative position calculating step for calculating the optimum relative position of the pair of gears, and teeth for adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimum relative position calculated in the relative position calculating step A position adjusting step and a lapping step of lapping the pair of gears based on a comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparing step after adjusting the position of the pair of gears to the optimum relative position in the gear position adjusting step. It is characterized by having.

In the relative position calculating step, based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparing step, the relative position of the pair of gears whose tooth surface temperature increase distribution of the one gear is most similar to the reference data is calculated. It is preferable to calculate the optimum relative position (claim 2).
In order to achieve the above object, a lapping method for a gear according to the present invention according to claim 3 comprises a lubricating oil application step of applying a lubricating oil to a tooth surface of at least one gear of a pair of gears meshing with each other; Detected by a tooth surface temperature increase detection step for detecting a temperature increase distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear generated by the rotation of the pair of gears after the lubricant application step, and the tooth surface temperature increase detection step. A meshing number region dividing step of dividing the tooth surface temperature increase distribution into regions for each simultaneous meshing number, and a region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase divided in the meshing number region dividing step The temperature difference between the regions calculated in the inter-region temperature difference calculating step, the temperature difference between the regions for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number calculated in the inter-region temperature difference calculating step, Based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison step and the temperature difference comparison step in which the reference data on the temperature difference in the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the other gear is compared, and the optimal relative of the pair of gears A relative position calculating step for calculating a position, a gear position adjusting step for adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimal relative position calculated in the relative position calculating step, and the gear position adjusting step And a lapping step of lapping the pair of gears based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison step after the pair of gears are adjusted to the optimum relative position.

In the relative position calculation step, based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison step, the pair of gears having the most similar temperature difference in the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear to the reference data. Is preferably calculated as the optimum relative position (claim 4).
In addition, the tooth surface temperature rise detection step includes a gear rotation step for rotating the pair of gears after the lubricating oil application step, and a tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear after the gear rotation step. Or a post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step that measures the distribution of the tooth surface temperature (Claim 5), or the tooth surface temperature rise detection step determines the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear after the lubricant application step. A pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step to measure, a gear rotation step to rotate the pair of gears after the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step, and a post-rotation measurement to measure the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear after the gear rotation step The tooth surface temperature measurement step, the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature distribution measured in the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step, and the post-rotation tooth surface temperature distribution measured in the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step Teeth that are the difference between The distribution of the temperature difference is preferably provided between the tooth surface temperature difference calculation step of calculating a distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise (claim 6).

At this time, the measurement of the tooth surface temperature distribution is preferably performed in a non-contact manner with respect to the tooth surface (Claim 7), and further, the measurement of the tooth surface temperature distribution is performed using a thermography. (Claim 8).
The wrapping step includes a wrapping material supplying step for supplying a wrapping material between the pair of gears, and a wrapping material supplying step, after the wrapping material supplying step, the pair of gears based on a comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparing step. It is preferable to include a polishing step of polishing the tooth surface of at least one of the pair of gears by rotating.

The necessity determination process for determining whether or not the process of the lapping process is necessary based on the comparison result is provided, and the process until the process of the lapping process is determined to be unnecessary in the necessity determination process. It is preferable to repeat the processing from the lubricating oil application step to the lapping step.
In order to achieve the above object, a gear lapping apparatus of the present invention according to claim 11 is a gear rotation for rotating a pair of gears meshed with each other, wherein a lubricating oil is applied to a tooth surface of at least one gear. Means, a tooth surface temperature rise detecting means for detecting a temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear caused by the rotation of the pair of gears by the gear rotating means, and the tooth surface temperature rise detecting means The tooth surface temperature comparison means for comparing the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data on the preset tooth surface temperature increase distribution of the one gear, and the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparison means Based on the relative position calculation means for calculating the optimum relative position of the pair of gears, and at least the pair of gears so as to be the optimum relative position calculated by the relative position calculation means. A gear position adjusting means for adjusting the position of the gear and a position of the pair of gears adjusted to the optimum relative position by the gear position adjusting means, and then the pair of gears based on a comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means. And wrapping means for performing lapping.

The relative position calculating means calculates the relative position of the pair of gears whose tooth surface temperature rise distribution of the one gear is most similar to the reference data based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means. It is preferable to calculate the optimum relative position (claim 12).
In order to achieve the above object, the gear lapping apparatus of the present invention according to claim 13 is a gear rotation for rotating a pair of gears meshed with each other, wherein a lubricating oil is applied to a tooth surface of at least one gear. Means, a tooth surface temperature rise detecting means for detecting a temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear caused by the rotation of the pair of gears by the gear rotating means, and the tooth surface temperature rise detecting means A meshing number region dividing means for dividing the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rises into regions for each simultaneous meshing number, and for every adjacent simultaneous meshing number in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise divided by the meshing number region dividing means. An inter-region temperature difference calculating means for calculating a temperature difference between the regions, an inter-region temperature difference calculating means calculating an inter-region temperature difference calculating means, Based on the comparison result of the temperature difference comparison means for comparing the reference data on the temperature difference of the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear and the temperature difference comparison means, the pair of gears Relative position calculating means for calculating the optimum relative position of the gear, gear position adjusting means for adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimum relative position calculated by the relative position calculating means, and Wrapping means for wrapping the pair of gears based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means after the pair of gears are adjusted to the optimum relative position by the gear position adjusting means. It is characterized (claim 13).

In addition, the relative position calculation means is based on the comparison result of the temperature difference comparison means, and the pair of gears in which the temperature difference in the area for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear is most similar to the reference data. Is preferably calculated as the optimum relative position.
Further, the tooth surface temperature rise detecting means includes tooth surface temperature measuring means for measuring the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear as the tooth surface temperature rise distribution after the pair of gears is rotated by the gear rotating means. Or the tooth surface temperature rise detecting means is a tooth surface temperature measuring means for measuring the tooth surface temperature of the one gear, and the pair of gears by the gear rotating means. Distribution of the tooth surface temperature of the one gear measured by the tooth surface temperature measuring means before rotation, and the one gear measured by the tooth surface temperature measuring means after the pair of gears rotated by the gear rotating means. It is preferable to comprise tooth surface temperature difference calculating means for calculating a tooth surface temperature difference distribution, which is a difference from the tooth surface temperature distribution, as the tooth surface temperature rise distribution.

At this time, the tooth surface temperature measuring means preferably measures the temperature of the tooth surface in a non-contact manner (Claim 17), and further, the tooth surface temperature measuring means is constituted by thermography. Preferred (claim 18).
Further, the wrapping means is based on a comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means after supplying the wrap material between the pair of gears and supplying the wrap material by the wrap material supply means. It is preferable to comprise polishing means for polishing the tooth surfaces of at least one of the pair of gears by rotating the pair of gears.

  The necessity determination means for determining whether or not the processing of the wrapping means is necessary based on the comparison result is provided, and the above determination is made until the necessity determination means determines that the processing of the wrapping means is not necessary. It is preferable to repeat the processing from the lubricating oil applying means to the wrapping means (claim 20).

  Therefore, according to the gear lapping method and apparatus of the present invention, the pair of gears rotates while meshing and a load is applied to the tooth surfaces of the pair of gears, so that the lubricating oil applied to the tooth surfaces is sheared. As a result, using the fact that the temperature of the tooth surface where the lubricating oil has been sheared increases, the distribution of the increase in tooth surface temperature is calculated, so the tooth surface accuracy can be measured reliably, and the pair of gears The tooth contact state (that is, the meshing region and the surface pressure in each region) can be measured with high accuracy. Accordingly, in order to perform wrapping based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data at the optimum relative position calculated based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data, a pair of gears is set to a desired gear. It is possible to wrap the gear pair having the tooth contact state with high efficiency and high accuracy (claims 1, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15, 16, 19).

  Further, according to the gear lapping method and apparatus of the present invention, the pair of gears rotates while meshing with each other, and a load is applied to the tooth surfaces of the pair of gears, so that the lubricating oil applied to the tooth surfaces is sheared. As a result, using the fact that the temperature of the tooth surface where the lubricating oil is sheared increases, the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase is calculated, and the temperature between adjacent regions is calculated based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase. Since the difference is calculated, based on the temperature difference between the adjacent regions, the tooth surface accuracy measurement focusing on the meshing vibration force of the pair of gears can be performed with high accuracy. Therefore, in order to perform lapping based on the temperature difference and the reference data at the optimum relative position calculated based on the temperature difference and the reference data, the pair of gears are paired with a gear having a desired meshing excitation force. Can be wrapped with high efficiency and high accuracy (claims 3, 5, 6, 9, 13, 15, 16, 19).

In addition, since lapping is performed based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise in which the tooth contact state is accurately reflected, it is possible to reliably prevent the tooth surface from becoming distorted by lapping. 11, 13).
Based on the comparison result between the tooth surface temperature rise distribution and the reference data, the relative position of the pair of gears most similar to the reference data is set to the optimum relative position. Wrapping can be performed with high accuracy (claims 2 and 12).

In addition, based on the comparison result between the temperature difference and the reference data, the relative position of the pair of gears most similar to the reference data is set to the optimum relative position, so that the wrapping is performed with higher efficiency and higher accuracy. (Claims 4 and 14).
Furthermore, according to the gear lapping method and apparatus of the present invention, since the tooth surface temperature distribution is measured in a non-contact manner using thermography, the measurement can be performed in a short measurement time (claims 7, 8, 17). , 18).

  Since wrapping is performed until it is determined that wrapping is not necessary, wrapping can be performed more reliably and with higher accuracy (claims 10 and 20).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[1] First Embodiment First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 1 to 3 show a gear lapping method and apparatus as a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the procedure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lapping apparatus for gears of this embodiment includes a lapping table 100, a drive motor (gear rotating means) 20, a torque applying motor 21, a thermographic camera (tooth surface temperature measuring means) 30, a photo A sensor 31, a lapping material supply nozzle 33, a cleaning means 34, and an arithmetic unit 40 are provided.
Here, of the pair of gears 10 and 11 to be lapped, the gear 10 has a shaft 12 connected to the drive motor 20, and the gear 10 is configured as a drive gear that is rotationally driven by the drive motor 20. ing. Here, the drive motor 20 is built in the column 7 of the lapping table 100 described later. In addition, the drive motor 20 rotates the gear 10 with the direction of the arrow n shown in FIG. 1 as the forward rotation direction, and can also rotate the gear 10 in the direction opposite to the arrow n direction (reverse rotation direction).

  On the other hand, the gear 11 is configured as a driven gear that rotates following the rotation of the gear 10. The shaft 11 of the gear 11 is connected to a torque application motor 21, and the torque application motor 21 rotates the rotation speed of the gear 11 slower than the rotation of the gear 11 driven by the gear 10, that is, Rotational torque (torque corresponding to power transmission load) is applied to the pair of gears 10 and 11 by being controlled to rotate at a rotational speed slower than the rotational speed of the gear 10. The torque application motor 21 rotates the gear 11 with the arrow m direction shown in FIG. 1 as the forward rotation direction, and can also rotate the gear 11 in the direction opposite to the arrow m direction (reverse rotation direction).

In addition, protrusions 14 are provided at predetermined intervals (every predetermined central angle) in the detection region of the photosensor 31 on the peripheral surface of the shaft 12 of the gear 10, and the plurality of protrusions 14 and the photosensor 31 are provided. The rotary encoder which detects the rotation angle of the gear 10 is comprised from these.
The thermography camera 30 measures the temperature of an object in a non-contact manner. Here, the tooth surface of the gear 10 immediately after passing through the meshing portion of the gear 10 that has been applied with lubricating oil and meshed with the gear 11 is rotated. In order to measure the temperature distribution of 10a, it is installed downstream of the meshing part of the gears 10, 11.

  The photo sensor 31 includes a light transmitting unit that transmits light and a light receiving unit that receives light transmitted from the light transmitting unit, and the projection 14 has passed between the light transmitting unit and the light receiving unit. By detecting this, the rotation angle of the gear 10 is detected. Thereby, the rotation position of a specific tooth (here, tooth 10a) in the gear 10 can be detected. Of course, the specific tooth whose rotational position is to be detected in this case can be arbitrarily selected.

  In the present embodiment, in order to measure the distribution of the tooth surface temperature of the specific tooth 10 a in the gear 10, the photo sensor 31 is connected to a camera control unit 32 (described later) that controls the activation of the thermography camera 30. Based on the monitoring information (that is, the rotational position information of the specific tooth 10a), a camera control unit 32 described later controls the thermographic camera 30.

The wrap material supply nozzle 33 is controlled by a wrapping control means 46 which will be described later, and the wrap material is supplied between the tooth surfaces of the pair of gears 10 and 11 while being supplied with a wrap material (wrapping compound liquid) from a wrap material supply device (not shown). To supply. Here, the wrap material supply means is configured by the wrap material supply nozzle 33 and the wrap material supply device.
The cleaning means 34 is for cleaning the wrap material supplied to the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 by the wrap material supply means after wrapping by the wrapping means described later. For example, water supplied from a supply tank (not shown) is used. Or a chemical solution or the like is sprayed onto the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11.

The lapping table 100 includes a base 1, a guide 2 extending in one direction is provided on the base 1, and a guide 4 extending in a direction perpendicular to the guide 2 is provided on the base 1. Yes.
A column 3 having an X-direction motor 3a therein is provided on the guide 2, and this column 3 is indicated by a double arrow X on the base 1 along the guide 2 by driving of the X-direction motor 3a. It is provided to be movable in the direction. Further, a torque applying motor 21 to which a gear 11 to be lapped is connected is fixed on the column 3. Therefore, the gear 11 and the torque application motor 21 can also move in the direction indicated by the double arrow X on the base 1 along the guide 2 along with the column 3.

  A column 5 having a Z-direction motor 5a is provided on the guide 4, and this column 5 is indicated by a double arrow Z on the base 1 along the guide 4 by driving the Z-direction motor 5a. It is provided so as to be movable in the direction (that is, the direction orthogonal to the direction indicated by the double arrow X). Further, a guide 6 extending in a direction perpendicular to the guide 4 is provided on a side surface portion of the column 5, and a column 7 is installed so as to be engaged with the guide 6.

The column 7 has a Y-direction motor 7a therein, and the column 7 is driven by the Y-direction motor 7a in the direction indicated by the double arrow Y on the side surface of the column 5 along the guide 6 (that is, the double arrow). It is provided so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to Z).
The column 7 has a built-in drive motor 20 to which a gear 10 to be lapped is connected. Accordingly, the gear 10 and the drive motor 20 are movable along the guide 4 along the guide 5 along the base 1 in the direction indicated by the double arrow Z, and the column 7 and the friend 6 along the guide 6 on the side surface of the column 5. Can also be moved in the direction indicated by the double arrow Y.

  Thus, according to the lapping table 100 of the lapping apparatus, the gears 10 and 11 to be lapped are driven by driving the X direction motor 3a, the Y direction motor 7a, and the Z direction motor 5a. , And can be arranged at a desired relative position. When the setting of the backlash of the gears 10 and 11 is changed, it is effective to drive the X direction motor 3a to change the gear 11 in the direction indicated by the double arrow X.

Next, the details of the arithmetic unit 40 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the arithmetic unit 40 of the lapping apparatus includes a camera control unit 32, gear rotation control means 35, tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41, reference data. The storage unit 42, the tooth surface temperature comparison means 43, the relative position calculation means 44, the gear position adjustment control means 45, and the lapping control means 46 are provided.
As described above, the camera control unit 32 controls the thermography camera 30, and further includes emissivity calibration means (not shown) constituting the emissivity of the thermography camera 30 and is measured by the thermography camera 30. The tooth surface temperature distribution data of the tooth 10a of the gear 10 is transmitted to the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 described later.

The gear rotation control means 35 controls the drive motor 20 and the torque application motor 21 to rotate the pair of gears 10 and 11 at a predetermined number of rotations while applying a predetermined torque, which will be described later with reference to FIG. In the gear rotation step S13 in the gear lapping method of the present embodiment, the pair of gears 10 and 11 are rotated by a predetermined number of rotations.
The tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 is a measurement of the tooth surface temperature of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 measured by the thermography camera 30 and transmitted from the camera control unit 32 before the rotation of the pair of gears 10 and 11, and the gear rotation. The tooth surface temperature difference distribution, which is the difference from the tooth surface temperature distribution of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 measured by the thermographic camera 30 and transmitted from the camera control unit 32 after being rotated a predetermined number of times by the control means 35, It is calculated as the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise.

Here, the teeth 10a of the gear 10 generated by the rotation of the gears 10, 11 by the drive motor (gear rotating means) 20 by the thermographic camera (tooth surface temperature measuring means) 30 and the tooth surface temperature calculating means 41 are described. Tooth surface temperature rise detecting means for detecting the distribution of the temperature rise of the tooth surface is configured.
The reference data storage unit 42 rotates a gear having a desired tooth contact state desired by lapping by rotating the gears 10 and 11 by the same rotational speed as the gears 10 and 11 by the gear rotation control means 35 ( Here, the tooth surface temperature distribution of the drive gear) is stored as reference data. The tooth surface temperature distribution data as the reference data is obtained in advance by an experiment or the like, and the reference data storage unit 42 has a tooth surface divided into a plurality of regions from at least the toe direction to the heel direction. Temperature distribution data is stored for each region. For example, when the gears 10 and 11 are Gleason gradient bevel gears, the amount of change in tooth contact with respect to torque is large, so that the tooth contact during no load is the toe direction of the tooth surface (that is, the gear shown in FIG. 1). 10 direction) is preferable. Therefore, tooth surface temperature distribution data in which the temperature in the toe direction is higher than the heel direction (that is, the β direction of the gear 10 shown in FIG. 1) is stored as reference data.

  The tooth surface temperature comparing means 43 compares the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise of the tooth surface 10a calculated by the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 with the reference data stored in the reference data storage unit 42. Specifically, the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise is divided into regions similar to the reference data (that is, the tooth surface is divided into at least a plurality of regions from the toe direction to the heel direction), and the divided tooth surface temperature increase distribution data is divided. The difference from the reference data is calculated for each region.

The tooth surface temperature comparing means 43 is further provided with necessity determining means 43a. This necessity determination means 43a determines whether or not the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data is equal to or greater than a predetermined value set in advance for each of the above regions, and the pair of gears 10, Reference numeral 11 denotes whether or not lapping is necessary.
When the necessity determination unit 43a determines that the lapping process is necessary, the relative position calculation unit 44 compares the tooth surface temperature comparison unit 43 with the result of the comparison, that is, the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature increase for each region. The optimal relative position of the pair of gears 10 and 11 is calculated based on the difference between the reference data and the reference data. The calculation of the relative position is performed by a geometric calculation based on the comparison result or a comparison with experimental data. For example, when the gears 10 and 11 are Gleason gradient bevel gears, the comparison result is a tooth tooth. If the temperature of the heel side region of the surface 10a is high, the relative positions of the gears 10 and 11 are calculated so that the temperature of the toe side region of the tooth surface 10a is high.

  That is, the relative position calculation means 44 considers the characteristics of the pair of gears 10 and 11 (for example, the shape of the gears and the number of simultaneous meshes) and the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature for each region and the reference The relative positions of the gears 10 and 11 are calculated so that the distribution of the difference from the data on the tooth surface becomes a desired distribution. In other words, the relative positions of the gears 10 and 11 are calculated so that the temperature distribution is most similar to the reference data.

  The gear position adjustment control means 45 adjusts the position of at least one of the gears 10 and 11 so that the gears 10 and 11 are in the relative positions calculated by the relative position calculation means 45. One or all of the motor 3a, the Y-direction motor 7a, and the Z-direction motor 5a are driven. Here, the X-direction motor 3a, the Y-direction motor 7a, the Z-direction motor 5a, and the gear position adjustment control means 45 constitute a gear position adjustment means.

  The wrapping control means 46 uses the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparison means 43 to wrap the tooth surface of at least one of the gears 10 and 11 whose position is adjusted to the relative position by the gear position adjustment control means 45. After the wrap material is supplied between the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 by controlling the wrap material supply nozzle 33 and the wrap material supply device (that is, the wrap material supply means), the gear 10 , 11 are controlled to drive the drive motor 20 and the torque applying motor 21 in order to rotate the motor 11 with a predetermined torque. In other words, the lapping control unit 46 stores in advance a polishing amount of the tooth surface corresponding to the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature increase calculated by the tooth surface temperature comparison unit 43 and the reference data, and polish the polishing amount of the polishing amount. In order to achieve the above, the rotational speed at which the gears 10 and 11 are to be rotated and the applied torque are calculated and stored in advance in consideration of the backlash between the gears 10 and 11 at the relative position calculated by the relative position calculation means 44. It is supposed to be. Then, the wrapping control means 46 controls the drive motor 20 and the torque applying motor 21 so that the gears 10 and 11 rotate at the rotational speed and the applied torque corresponding to the polishing amount corresponding to the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparing means 43. The drive is controlled.

Here, the drive motor 20 and the torque application motor 21 rotate the gears 10 and 11 based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparison means 43 to thereby change the tooth surfaces of at least one of the gears 10 and 11. A lapping means for lapping the gears 10 and 11 is constituted by a polishing means composed of the drive motor 20 and the torque applying motor 21 and the lapping material supply means.
The wrapping control means 46 also controls the cleaning means 34 to clean the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 supplied with the wrapping material.

  Next, the gear lapping method according to the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, in the gear lapping method according to the present embodiment, first, in the lubricating oil application step S10, a pair of gears 10 that mesh with each other. The lubricating oil is applied to the tooth surfaces of at least one of the gears 11 (here, the gear 10).

The lubricating oil applied to the tooth surface of the gear 10 in this lubricating oil application step S10 is the one used when the gears 10 and 11 are actually used as power transmission gears. However, in order to see the temperature rise of the tooth surface, a special lubricating oil different from that actually used may be used.
Further, the temperature of the lubricating oil is basically determined in order to accurately measure the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference of the tooth 10a of the gear 10 calculated in the tooth surface temperature difference calculating step S15 described later (the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measuring step). Before the execution of S20), the temperature is kept isothermal with the room temperature. Further, for the same reason, the gears 10 and 11 themselves are basically kept isothermal with the room temperature.

In emissivity calibration step S <b> 11, emissivity calibration means (not shown) of the camera control unit 32 calibrates the emissivity of the thermographic camera 30. In addition, this emissivity calibration process S11 is a process implemented because lubricating oil was apply | coated to the tooth surface of the gearwheels 10 and 11 in lubricating oil application | coating process S10.
Next, in the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S12 without rotating the gears 10, 11, the distribution of the tooth surface temperature of a specific tooth 10a arbitrarily selected from the teeth of the gear 10 that is the drive gear is measured by the thermographic camera 30. Measure. The tooth surface temperature distribution data measured at this time is transmitted to the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 via the camera control unit 32.

  Next, in the gear rotation step S <b> 13, the gear rotation control means 35 drives and controls the drive motor 20 to rotationally drive the pair of gears 10 and 11. Here, the rotation of the gears 10 and 11 in the gear rotation step S13 is performed at a predetermined number of rotations when the number of teeth of the gear 10 and the number of teeth of the gear 11 are the same and the number of teeth meshing every rotation is the same. Further, when the number of teeth of the gear 10 is the same as or different from the number of teeth of the gear 11 and the teeth of the gear 11 engaged each time the gear 10 makes one revolution, the teeth of the gear 11 engaged with the specific tooth 10a are different. Rotate until everything is engaged. At this time, the gear rotation control means 35 drives and controls the torque application motor 21 so that a predetermined torque is constantly applied between the gears 10 and 11.

  Then, immediately after the completion of the rotation in the gear rotation step S13, that is, as soon as the tooth 10a of the gear 10 passes through the meshing portion with the tooth of the gear 11, in the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14, the thermographic camera 30 moves the tooth 10a. Measure the tooth surface temperature distribution. That is, the gears 10 and 11 are rotated at a predetermined number of rotations while meshing with each other, and a load is applied to the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11, so that the tooth surfaces (here, the tooth surfaces of the teeth 10a) are applied in the lubricating oil application step S10. The increase in temperature is caused by the thermography camera 30 by utilizing the fact that the temperature of the tooth surface (ie, the tooth surface to which the load is applied) is increased. taking measurement. The measured tooth surface temperature distribution data is transmitted to the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 via the camera control unit 32.

Next, in the tooth surface temperature difference calculating step S15, the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 uses the tooth surface temperature distribution data of the tooth 10a before rotation and the tooth surface temperature after rotation measured in the tooth surface temperature measuring step S12 before rotation. The distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference, which is the difference from the tooth surface temperature distribution data of the tooth 10a after rotation measured in the measurement step S14, is calculated as the tooth surface temperature increase distribution.
Here, the gear 10 generated by the rotation of the gears 10 and 11 includes the above-described rotation front tooth surface temperature measurement step S12, gear rotation step S13, post rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14, and tooth surface temperature difference calculation step S15. It functions as a tooth surface temperature rise detection process for detecting the temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface 10a.

  Then, in the tooth surface temperature comparison step S16, the tooth surface temperature comparing means 43 calculates the tooth surface temperature rise distribution data calculated in the tooth surface temperature difference calculating step S15 and the reference data stored in the reference data storage unit 42 in advance. The difference between the desired tooth surface temperature distribution data as data and the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise are compared with the reference data. In this tooth surface temperature comparison step S16, the tooth surface temperature comparison means 43 matches the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature increase calculated in the tooth surface temperature difference calculation step S15 with the reference data at least from the toe direction to the heel direction. Then, the above-described comparison is performed for each area.

  Next, in the necessity determination step S17, the necessity determination unit 43a of the tooth surface temperature comparison unit 43 determines whether the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise for each region and the reference data is set in advance. It is determined whether or not the value is greater than or equal to the value. Here, if the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise for each region and the reference data are all smaller than a predetermined value, the necessity determining unit 43a needs to wrap the gears 10 and 11. It judges that there is no, and complete | finishes a process, without performing the subsequent process mentioned later (refer No route of necessity determination process S17).

On the other hand, if the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature increase and the reference data in at least one of the regions is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the necessity determining unit 43a , 11, it is determined that it is necessary to perform wrapping, and the process proceeds to a relative position calculation step S <b> 18 described later (see Yes route in necessity determination step S <b> 17).
That is, in the necessity determination step S17, if the necessity determination unit 43a has a higher distribution of the tooth surface temperature than the reference data (that is, a predetermined value), the tooth contact state (engagement state) of the gears 10 and 11 is achieved. Therefore, it is determined that lapping is necessary.

  In the relative position calculating step S18, the relative position calculating means 44 is based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparing step S16 (that is, the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise for each region and the reference data). The optimal relative position of the gears 10 and 11 is calculated. The relative position is determined by the characteristics of the pair of gears 10 and 11 (for example, the shape of the gear), which is the distribution on the tooth surface of the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data for each region. Or the number of simultaneous meshes, etc.). That is, the relative positions of the gears 10 and 11 are calculated so as to obtain a temperature distribution most similar to a desired distribution (that is, reference data) set in advance according to the characteristics of the pair of gears 10 and 11.

  Next, in the gear position adjustment step S19, the gear position adjustment control means 45 adjusts the position of at least one of the gears 10, 11 based on the relative position calculated in the relative position calculation step S18. That is, the gear position adjustment control means 45 drives and controls the X-direction motor 3a based on the relative position calculated in the relative position calculation step S18, thereby moving the column 3 on the guide 2 by a predetermined amount. 11 is moved by a predetermined amount in the X direction, and the Y-direction motor 7a is driven and controlled to move the column 7 by a predetermined amount on the guide 6, thereby moving the gear 10 by a predetermined amount in the Y direction. By driving and controlling the direction motor 5a and moving the column 5 on the guide 4 by a predetermined amount, the gear 10 is moved by a predetermined amount in the Z direction. As a result, the gears 10 and 11 are positioned relative to each other.

In the wrap material supply step S20, the wrapping control means 46 controls the wrap material supply means including the wrap material supply nozzle to supply the wrap material between the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 meshing with each other.
Next, in the polishing step S21, the lapping control means 46 drives and controls the drive motor 20 and the torque application motor 21 as the polishing means based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step S16. The tooth surface of at least one of the pair of gears 10 and 11 to which the wrap material is supplied is polished. In this polishing step S21, the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 are polished by the lapping control means 46 corresponding to the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step S16 (that is, the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data). Then, the drive motor 20 and the gears 10 and 11 are rotated in mesh with each other with the tooth surface polishing amount stored in advance and the rotational speed and applied torque of the gears 10 and 11 for realizing the polishing amount. This is realized by driving and controlling the torque application motor 21.

Accordingly, in the polishing step S21, the tooth surfaces of the gear 10 and / or the gear 11 are polished with a polishing amount corresponding to the reference data regarding the gear having a desired tooth contact state desired to be obtained by the lapping process. By executing S21, the gears 10 and 11 can be reliably processed into gears having a desired tooth contact state.
In the polishing of the tooth surface in the polishing step S21, when the tooth surface of the gear 10 is polished, the drive motor 20 and the torque applying motor 21 are rotated with a predetermined applied torque in a predetermined rotation direction (that is, FIG. 1). When the tooth surface of the gear 11 is polished, the drive motor 20 and the torque applying motor 21 are rotated at a predetermined applied torque in a predetermined rotational speed reverse direction (in the direction indicated by arrows n and m). That is, it is executed by rotating in the direction opposite to the direction indicated by arrows n and m in FIG.

Here, the lapping material supply step S20 and the polishing step S21 function as a lapping step for lapping the pair of gears 10 and 11 based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step S16.
In the cleaning step S22, the lapping control means 46 controls the cleaning means 34, so that the cleaning means 34 cleans the lapping material remaining on the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 after the polishing step S21. The processing method is finished.

  Thus, in the gear lapping method and apparatus of this embodiment, based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 before and after rotation measured by the thermography camera 30 in the tooth surface temperature increase detection step. The tooth surface accuracy is measured, and lapping is performed based on the result. That is, in the gear lapping method and apparatus according to the present embodiment, the necessity determination unit 43a in the necessity determination step S17 engages the region where the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise is relatively higher than the other regions. Further, the region where the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise is higher than a predetermined value is determined to have a poor tooth contact state and need lapping.

Here, in order to confirm the effectiveness of the determination (tooth surface accuracy measurement) based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase of the present embodiment, the temperature measurement result of the tooth surface by the thermographic camera 30 of the present embodiment and the above-described conventional method. The test and the test result which were done by comparing with the condition of the tooth surface in the measurement of the tooth surface accuracy by the tooth contact inspection using Mitsumetan.
In this test, Gleason type gradient tooth bevel gears were used as the pair of gears 10 and 11. The gears 10 and 11 are made of chromium molybdenum steel and subjected to induction hardening after gear cutting, and have a module of 4.0 m, a pressure angle of 20 °, a shaft angle of 90 °, a tooth width of 27 mm, and a twist angle of 35 °. The gears 10 and 11 have 20 teeth and the gear 11 has 40 teeth. The measurement wavelength of the thermographic camera 30 was about 3 to 4 μm.

In this test, first, by comparing the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise (tooth surface temperature difference) in the present embodiment with the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the above-described conventional light aluminium, a gear is obtained. The usefulness of measuring the distribution of tooth surface temperature difference was confirmed. The results are shown in FIGS. 4 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1), and (c2).
4 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1), and (c2), the left figure (that is, the figure with the number 1) is the above-described conventional light The state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using No. 1 is shown, and the diagram on the right side (namely, the figure with the number 2) shows the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise in this embodiment.

4, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG. 15 described later, the left side of the tooth surface is the inner end (toe) rod of the gear 10 in FIG. 1, and the right side of the tooth surface is the gear 10 in FIG. In the following description, the left side of the tooth surface is referred to as the inner end, and the right side of the tooth surface is referred to as the outer end.
In addition, the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the conventional Mitsume Tan in FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5, 7, 8 and 15 to be described later shows the part where the smudged part remains. The white part surrounded by the shaded part shows the part where Komyotan peeled off.

Further, the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference in FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5, 7, 8, and 15 described later is represented by an isothermal line of 0.1 ° C., and the white tooth surface indicates the lowest temperature difference. The portion where the tooth surface is indicated by diagonal lines indicates the portion where the temperature difference is increasing, and the portion where the tooth surface is black indicates the portion where the temperature difference is most increased.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the state of the tooth surface in the conventional tooth contact inspection using Komichitan, the tooth contact position on the tooth surface of the tooth 10a moves from the inner end to the outer end, and the temperature rise region. Is also moving in the same way. However, it is difficult to evaluate the variation in the tooth contact region (meshing region) in the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan. On the other hand, according to the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise, it can be confirmed from the temperature distribution that there is considerable variation in the contact portion even in the tooth contact region (engagement region).

In this way, it is possible to confirm the tooth contact by measuring the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise, and it is possible to check the variation of the contact portion within the tooth contact region (meshing region). The tooth contact state can be grasped with high accuracy by the ascent distribution.
Note that the movement of the tooth contact position from the inner end to the outer end shown in FIG. 4 is such that the gear 10 is a beveled bevel gear and the rigidity of the teeth is greater on the outer end side than on the inner end side. It occurs because it is expensive.

  By the way, since the gears 10 and 11 used in this test are gradient teeth, considering the strength and gear noise in a high torque region, the tooth contact is in the shape of a tooth profile that tends to approach the inner end. Therefore, the shaft angle error is intentionally given to these gears 10 and 11, and the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference when the tooth contact is changed at the outer end and the above-mentioned conventional light alumina are used. The tooth surface condition in the tooth contact inspection was compared. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). FIG. 5 (a) shows the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the above-described conventional Komyotan, and the line A in the figure is measured by the thermography camera 30 in the area where the Komyotan is peeled off. The meshing contact line estimated from the distribution data of tooth surface temperature is shown. FIG. 5B shows the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise.

  Further, FIG. 6 shows tooth root stress values at respective portions (5 mm, 13 mm, and 20 mm from the inner end) in the tooth line direction of the tooth 10a of the gear 10. The root stress value is a value measured by attaching a strain gauge to the root fillet of the tooth 10a of the gear 10 (located in Hofer's 30 ° tangent method). If the amount of root strain obtained from a certain strain gauge is large, the load applied to the location on the tooth surface in the tooth profile direction where the strain gauge is attached will be large, and as a result, the surface pressure at that location will also be Get higher. That is, the higher the tooth root stress value obtained from a certain strain gauge, the higher the surface pressure, and the lower the tooth root stress value, the lower the surface pressure.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), in the state of the tooth surface in the conventional tooth contact inspection using Komyotan, the meshing region depends on the outer end of the tooth surface, but the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference is shown. In this case, the meshing area is slightly outside the center. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), in the state of the tooth surface in the conventional tooth contact inspection using Komyotan, the meshing region is approaching the outer end and the tooth tip at the beginning of meshing.

However, as shown in FIG. 6, the tooth root stress value at the outer end at the beginning of meshing is almost zero, and the tooth root stress value at the inner end is high. Therefore, in practice, it can be seen that the load applied to the tooth surface of the tooth 10a at this time is distributed in the center of the tooth surface, and the load at the outer end is extremely small.
In this way, in the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan, at the outer end of the tooth tip, the part that is not originally contacted due to the thickness of the Komyotan has been peeled off, or the tooth surface is in contact However, it is thought that the load is hardly applied.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), according to the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise, the region where the temperature that can be evaluated as the meshing region is rising is present in the central portion of the tooth surface, and the outer end It can be evaluated that the surface pressure at the outer end is extremely small because the temperature at the outermost portion does not increase.
Thus, according to the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise, it is possible to grasp the tooth contact state that matches the result of the root stress value shown in FIG. 6, and accurately grasp the meshing region and the surface pressure of the gear. Can do.

Next, we compared the distribution of the increase in tooth surface temperature when the torque of the pair of gears 10 and 11 was changed, and the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the above-described conventional light actinium. The results are shown in FIGS. 7 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1), and (c2).
7 (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1), and (c2), the left side figure (namely, the figure with the number 1) is the above-mentioned conventional light The state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using No. 1 is shown, and the diagram on the right side (namely, the figure with the number 2) shows the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise.

  7 (a1) and (a2) show when the torque is 98 Nm, FIGS. 7 (b1) and (b2) show when the torque is 68.8 Nm, and FIGS. 6 (c1) and (c2) show the torque. Indicates 49 Nm. These torque fluctuations were performed by controlling the rotational speed of the gear 11 by the torque application motor 21 so that the rotational speed of the gear 11 is slower than the rotational speed of the gear 11 driven by the gear 10.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the meshing area (meshing area) increases with the increase in torque both in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise and in the state of the tooth surface in the conventional tooth contact inspection using Komichitan. In particular, in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference, it can be clearly seen that the meshing area increases as the torque increases. Compared with this, there is not much change in the condition of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan. This is considered that the light agitation was peeled off during the period from the start of the gears 10 and 11 to the torque stable range (here, about 30 seconds), and no change due to torque was observed.

From the above, according to the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase in the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately grasp the change in the tooth contact state due to torque fluctuation.
Furthermore, in order to confirm that the surface pressure can be grasped based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise, we determine the tooth root stress value of the gears 10 and 11 and the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase in the present embodiment as the gear 10. , 11 for comparison, focusing on the number of simultaneous meshes. FIG. 8A is a diagram showing the root stress value in the central portion of the tooth 10a of the gear 10 at the time of meshing, and FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference of the tooth 10a at this time. is there.

  Since the actual meshing rate of the pair of gears 10 and 11 is about 1.4, the number of meshing states (simultaneous meshing number) between the teeth of the gear 10 and the teeth of the gear 11 is as shown in FIG. The meshing number state (simultaneous meshing number) includes a case of one sheet and a case of two sheets. Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, this meshing number state is on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise as meshing contact lines A1 to A4 estimated from the tooth surface temperature distribution data measured by the thermography camera 30. Can show. That is, the region sandwiched between the meshing contact lines A1 and A2 and the region sandwiched between the meshing contact lines A3 and A4 on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase indicate the region where the number of meshing states is a single meshing state, A region sandwiched between the meshing contact lines A2 and A3 indicates a region where the number of meshed states is a meshed state. A method for determining the meshing number state will be described later as an explanation of the meshing number region dividing means 47 of the fifth embodiment described below.

Here, when comparing FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), when the tooth root stress value in FIG. 8 (a) is seen, a high tooth root stress value is shown in one meshing region, and FIG. 8 (b). Also in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference, a high temperature is shown in the area where one piece is engaged. On the contrary, in the meshing area of the two sheets, the root stress value shows a low value, and the distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference shows a low temperature. This is considered to be because the load of the single-mesh area is shared by one tooth and the surface pressure is double that of the double-mesh condition.
From the above results, in the region where the root stress value is high, that is, in the region where the surface pressure is high, the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase also shows a high temperature, and the strength of the surface pressure is reduced based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase. I can grasp it.

  Thus, according to the gear wrapping method and apparatus as the first embodiment of the present invention, the gears 10 and 11 rotate while meshing with each other, and a load is applied to the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11, so that the teeth Using the fact that the lubricating oil applied to the surface is sheared and, as a result, the temperature of the tooth surface where the lubricating oil is sheared increases, the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 in the tooth surface temperature difference calculating step S15, Since the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 before and after the predetermined number of rotations is calculated, the tooth surface accuracy can be reliably measured based on the tooth surface temperature rise distribution. 11 tooth contact states (that is, the meshing area and the surface pressure in each area) can be grasped with high accuracy.

  Further, at the optimum relative position calculated based on the tooth surface temperature increase distribution and the reference data calculated by the relative position calculation unit 44 in the relative position calculation step S18, the lapping control unit 46 determines the tooth surface temperature increase distribution. Since lapping is performed based on the reference data, the gears 10 and 11 can be processed with high accuracy into a gear pair having a desired tooth contact state by performing lapping once. Therefore, the processing time required for lapping can be remarkably shortened as compared with the conventional technique as described above, and the gears 10 and 11 can be lapped with high efficiency. In addition, since lapping is performed based on the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise in which the tooth contact state is accurately reflected, it is possible to reliably prevent the tooth surface from becoming distorted by lapping.

  That is, since the tooth surface accuracy of the gears 10 and 11 can be grasped with high accuracy by measuring the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase, first, lapping is performed as in the conventional technique as described above. Thus, lapping can be efficiently performed as necessary, after sufficiently understanding the tooth surface accuracy, without performing a process of preparing the tooth surface to some extent. Therefore, lapping is applied to the pair of gears that are in an optimal meshing state from the beginning, and it is possible to reliably prevent the tooth contact state from deteriorating.

  In addition, since the thermographic camera 30 is used to measure the tooth surface temperature distribution of the tooth 10a in a non-contact manner, the measurement can be performed in a short measurement time. In addition, since the emissivity of the thermographic camera 30 is calibrated in the emissivity calibration step S11, the influence of the tooth surface properties of the teeth 10a or the application of the lubricating oil can be surely removed, and the gears can be accurately obtained. The tooth contact state of 10, 11 can be grasped.

Further, since the lubricating oil is applied to the pair of gears 10 and 11, the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 that are generated when the gears 10 and 11 are engaged can be prevented.
Further, since the thermographic camera 30 measures the distribution of the tooth surface temperature of the tooth 10a, the influence of the reflected light must be taken into account. In this embodiment, the tooth surface temperature difference calculating step S15 is the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature. The difference between the tooth surface temperature distribution of the tooth 10a before the rotation measured in the measurement step S12 and the tooth surface temperature distribution of the tooth 10a after the predetermined rotation speed measured in the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14 is calculated. Therefore, the influence of the reflected light from the tooth surface of the tooth 10a on the thermographic camera 30 can be completely removed, and the tooth surface accuracy can be measured with higher accuracy.

[2] Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method as a second embodiment of the present invention. The gear lapping method of the present embodiment is performed by a lapping device similar to the gear lapping device of the first embodiment described above. Therefore, the gear lapping method according to this embodiment will be described here with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 9, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 denote the same elements, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  Unlike the gear lapping method of the first embodiment, the gear lapping method of the present embodiment is configured to perform feedback control. As shown in FIG. 9, the gear lapping method of the present embodiment is configured. In the lapping method, in the necessity determination step S17, the necessity determination unit 43a sets in advance the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step S16 (that is, the difference between the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data). The process from the lubricating oil application step S10 to the cleaning step S22 is repeated until it is determined that the wrapping of the gears 10 and 11 is not necessary (see the No route in the necessity determination step S17). It has become.

  That is, in the necessity determination step S17, when the necessity determination unit 43a determines that the wrapping of the gears 10 and 11 is not necessary, the process ends. Here, it is determined that the wrapping of the gears 10 and 11 is necessary. Then (see the Yes route in the necessity determination step S17), thereafter, the processing from the relative position calculation step S18 to the cleaning step S22 is performed, and then fed back to the lubricant application step S10, and again the lubricant application step S10. To the necessity determination step S17 are repeatedly performed. Then, the processing described above is repeated until it is determined in the necessity determination step S17 that it is not necessary to wrap the gears 10 and 11.

  Thus, according to the gear lapping method as the second embodiment of the present invention, the same effect as the first embodiment described above can be obtained, and a desired tooth contact state corresponding to the reference data can be obtained. The gears 10 and 11 having the above can be obtained with higher accuracy and reliability.

[3] Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 10 and 11 show a gear lapping method and apparatus as a third embodiment of the present invention. Is a block diagram showing its functional configuration, and FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method. 10, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 indicate the same elements, and in FIG. 11, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 indicate the same elements.

  The gear wrapping method and apparatus according to the present embodiment is similar to the gear wrapping method and apparatus according to the first embodiment described above, in which the tooth surface temperature difference between the teeth 10a before and after the rotation is detected in the tooth surface temperature rise detection step. Instead of obtaining the distribution as a tooth surface temperature rise distribution, only the tooth surface temperature distribution of the tooth 10a after rotation is measured, and the tooth surface temperature distribution after the rotation is obtained as the tooth surface temperature rise distribution. It has become. The gear lapping apparatus of the present embodiment has the same configuration as the lapping apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and only the configuration of the arithmetic unit 40 is different from that of the first embodiment. ing.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the gear lapping apparatus of the present embodiment does not include the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 unlike the lapping apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the camera control unit 32 supplies the tooth surface temperature distribution data of the tooth surface 10 a of the gear 10 measured by the thermography camera 30 immediately after being rotated by the gear rotation control unit 35 to the tooth surface temperature comparing unit 43. Configured to send. Here, the thermographic camera (tooth surface temperature measuring means) 30 is a tooth surface temperature rise detecting means for detecting the temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 caused by the rotation of the pair of gears 10 and 11. Here, the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature of the tooth surface 10a immediately after the predetermined rotation speed measured by the thermography camera 30 is treated as the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise.

Then, the tooth surface temperature comparison means 43 directly transmits the tooth surface temperature distribution data (tooth surface temperature rise distribution data) of the tooth surface 10a immediately after the predetermined number of rotations, which is directly transmitted from the camera control unit 32, and the reference data storage. By calculating the difference from the reference data stored in the unit 42, the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise and the reference data are compared.
Note that the configurations of the relative position calculation means 44, the gear position adjustment control means 45, and the wrapping control means 46 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.

Next, the gear lapping method of this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 11, the gear lapping method of this embodiment is similar to the lapping method of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The gear rotation step S13 is performed after the emissivity calibration step S11 without the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S12 and the tooth surface temperature difference calculation step S15, and then the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14 is performed. Then, immediately after the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14, the process proceeds to the tooth surface temperature comparison step S16. In this tooth surface temperature comparison step S16, the tooth surface temperature comparison means 13 measures in the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14. The tooth surface temperature distribution data of the tooth surface 10a after the predetermined rotation is handled as the tooth surface temperature increase distribution data, and the difference from the reference data is calculated, whereby the tooth surface temperature increase distribution data and the reference data are calculated. Compare with.
Since the subsequent necessity determination step S16 to cleaning step S22 are the same as those in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  As described above, according to the gear wrapping method and apparatus of the third embodiment of the present invention, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the gears 10 and 11 can be wrapped more efficiently. Processing can be performed.

[4] Fourth Embodiment Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method as a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The gear lapping method of the present embodiment is similar to the gear lapping method of the third embodiment described above, as well as the change of the gear lapping method of the second embodiment described above to the first embodiment. Differently, it is configured to perform feedback control.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 12, even in the gear lapping method of the present embodiment, the process ends when the necessity determination unit 43a determines that the gears 10 and 11 do not need to be wrapped in the necessity determination step S17. However, if it is determined that the gears 10 and 11 need to be wrapped (see the Yes route in the necessity determination step S17), the processing from the relative position calculation step S18 to the cleaning step S22 is performed, and thereafter The process from the lubricating oil application step S10 to the necessity determination step S17 is repeated by feeding back to the lubricating oil application step S10. Then, the processing described above is repeated until it is determined in the necessity determination step S17 that it is not necessary to wrap the gears 10 and 11.

  Thus, according to the gear lapping method as the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the same effects as those of the first to third embodiments described above can be obtained.

[5] Fifth Embodiment Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 13 and 14 show a gear lapping method and apparatus as a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Is a block diagram showing its functional configuration, and FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method. In FIG. 13, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 indicate the same elements, and in FIG. 14, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 indicate the same elements.

  The gear wrapping method and apparatus according to the present embodiment is based on the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 like the gear wrapping method and apparatus according to the first embodiment described above. The distribution of the tooth surface temperature difference of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 is divided into regions for each number of simultaneous meshing with the tooth surface of the gear 11, and the temperature between the adjacent simultaneous meshing number regions at this time is divided. Wrapping is performed based on the difference. The gear lapping apparatus of the present embodiment has the same configuration as the lapping apparatus of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and only the configuration of the arithmetic unit 40 is different from that of the first embodiment. ing.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the arithmetic unit 40 of the lapping apparatus includes a camera control unit 32, a gear rotation control unit 35, a tooth surface temperature difference calculation unit 41, a reference data storage unit 42a, a relative position calculation unit 44a, The gear position adjustment control means 45a, the wrapping control means 46a, the meshing number area dividing means 47, the inter-area temperature difference calculating means 48, and the temperature difference comparing means 49 are provided. Since the camera control unit 32, the gear rotation control means 35, and the tooth surface temperature difference calculation means 41 are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  The meshing number area dividing means 47 uses the tooth surface temperature difference distribution (the tooth surface temperature rise distribution) calculated by the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 to simultaneously mesh the number of teeth 10a of the gear 10 with the teeth of the gear 11. It is divided for each (number of meshing state). The division for each simultaneous meshing number is obtained in advance by attaching a strain gauge to the tooth base (tooth root fillet portion) of the tooth 10a of the gear 10 and measuring the strain gauge while rotating in a state of engaging with the gear 11. The meshing rate calculated from the obtained tooth root stress value, the ratio of the time for each meshing number calculated based on this meshing rate, and the meshing estimated from the tooth surface temperature distribution data measured by the thermography camera 30 This is done by determining the point at which the number of simultaneous meshes changes from the relationship with the contact line.

The meshing rate is defined as a time from the start of meshing corresponding to the stress rising start point represented by the root stress value to the meshing end corresponding to the stress falling end point, and a pitch movement time of the tooth 10a being b. , A is divided by b.
In addition, if the value of the meshing rate is 1 or more and 2 or less, it indicates that the number of simultaneous meshing is one region and two regions, and the region (time) in which the meshing number is two is: The following formula (1) is used, and the region (time) in which the number of meshed one piece is one is calculated by the following formula (2).

Two-sheet meshing area (time) = (a / b−1) × a (1)
One-sheet meshing area (time) = [1− (a / b−1)] × a (2)
The inter-region temperature difference calculation unit 48 calculates a temperature difference between adjacent regions in the distribution of tooth surface temperature differences divided into regions for each simultaneous meshing number.
The reference data storage unit 42a is configured to rotate a gear having a desired biting vibration force to be obtained by lapping by the same rotation number as the predetermined rotation number at which the gears 10 and 11 are rotated by the gear rotation control unit 35. The temperature difference of the area | region for every adjacent simultaneous mesh | engagement number of a gear (here drive gear) is memorize | stored as reference data. This reference data is obtained in advance by experiments or the like.

The temperature difference comparison means 49 compares the temperature difference between adjacent regions calculated by the inter-region temperature difference calculation unit 48 with the reference data stored in the reference data storage unit 42a. The difference between the temperature difference between adjacent regions and the reference data is calculated for each adjacent region.
Moreover, the temperature difference comparison means 49 is further provided with necessity determination means 49a. The necessity determination unit 49a determines whether or not the difference between the temperature difference between the adjacent regions and the reference data is equal to or greater than a predetermined value set for each of the adjacent regions. The gears 10 and 11 are used to determine whether or not lapping is necessary.

  The relative position calculation means 44a has the same function as the relative position calculation means 44 of the first embodiment, that is, when the necessity determination means 49a determines that lapping is necessary, the temperature Based on the comparison result by the difference comparison means 49, that is, the difference between the temperature difference between adjacent areas and the reference data for each of the adjacent areas, a pair of gears is produced in the same manner as the relative position calculation means 44. The optimal relative position of 10 and 11 is calculated.

That is, the relative position calculation unit 44a calculates the relative positions of the gears 10 and 11 such that the temperature difference between adjacent regions is most similar to the reference data.
The gear position adjustment control means 45a and the wrapping control means 46a also have the same functions as the gear position adjustment control means 45 and the wrapping control means 46 of the first embodiment, respectively.

  In this way, the gear lapping apparatus of the present embodiment divides the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature increase calculated by the tooth surface temperature difference calculating unit 41 into the meshing number region by the meshing number region dividing unit 47, and The temperature difference between adjacent regions is calculated by the temperature difference calculation unit 48 between the regions. Since lapping is performed by the lapping control means 46a on the basis of the temperature difference between the adjacent regions, the gears 10 and 11 can be lapped by paying attention to the meshing excitation force, and the desired meshing can be achieved. A pair of gears 10 and 11 having an exciting force can be obtained.

Next, a gear lapping method according to this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 14, the gear lapping method of the present embodiment includes the gear tooth contact evaluation method of the first embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 3, and the lubricant application step S <b> 10 to the tooth surface temperature difference calculation. Since the process is the same up to step S15, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
That is, in the gear meshing excitation force estimating method of the present embodiment, the meshing number region dividing means 47 in the meshing number region dividing step S30 is performed by the meshing number region dividing means 47 of the tooth 10a of the gear 10 calculated in the tooth surface temperature difference calculating step S15. The distribution of the surface temperature rise is divided for each simultaneous meshing number of the teeth 10a of the gear 10 with the teeth of the gear 11.

Next, in the inter-region temperature difference calculation step S31, the inter-region temperature difference calculation unit 48 uses the inter-region temperature difference distribution step to divide the regions between adjacent regions in the tooth surface temperature increase distribution divided into regions for each simultaneous engagement number. Calculate the temperature difference.
In the temperature difference comparison step S32, the temperature difference comparison means 49 calculates the difference between the temperature difference between adjacent regions calculated in the inter-region temperature difference calculation step S31 and the reference data stored in the reference data storage unit 42a. By calculating the difference, the temperature difference between adjacent regions is compared with the reference data.

  Next, in the necessity determination step S33, the necessity determination unit 49a determines whether or not the difference between the temperature difference between the adjacent regions and the reference data is greater than or equal to a predetermined value set in advance. Here, if all the differences are smaller than a predetermined value set in advance, the necessity determining unit 49a determines that it is not necessary to wrap the gears 10 and 11, and the relative position calculating step S18a to the cleaning step described later. The process is terminated without performing 22a (see the No route in the necessity determination step S33).

On the other hand, if the difference is greater than or equal to a predetermined value set in advance, the necessity determining unit 49a determines that it is necessary to wrap the gears 10 and 11, and calculates a relative position calculation step S18a described later. (Refer to the Yes route in the necessity determination step S33).
That is, in the necessity determination step S33, if the necessity determination unit 49a has a temperature difference between the adjacent areas higher than the reference data by a predetermined value or more, the meshing excitation force of the gears 10 and 11 is large, and the tooth contact. It is determined that the state (engagement state) is bad and it is determined that lapping is necessary.

  The relative position calculation step S18a to the cleaning step 22a are performed by the relative position calculation unit 44a, the gear position adjustment control unit 45a, and the wrapping control unit 46a, respectively, in the first embodiment described above with reference to FIG. This is the same as the relative position calculation step S18 to the cleaning step 22, respectively.

Here, a description will be given of a test performed to confirm the basis of the correspondence between the temperature difference between the regions for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number and the meshing excitation force.
This test verifies the relationship between the mesh transmission error (MTE) as one index of the meshing excitation force and the temperature difference between the regions for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number based on FIG. 8B described above. The results are shown in FIG.
Incidentally, as described above, the meshing transmission error (MTE) is highly correlated with the meshing vibration force as one index of the meshing vibration force. Further, it is known that the meshing transmission error (MTE) generally varies depending on the torque variation and the position of the meshing region on the tooth surface. It is known that the primary component of the meshing transmission error (MTE) increases when the amount of change in the load applied to the tooth surface when the two sheets are meshed is large.

  Therefore, in this test, the temperature difference between the one-meshing area and the two-meshing area, and each area on the tooth surface of the tooth 10a where the temperature difference has occurred (here, the inner end area and the outer end area). The relationship with the meshing transmission error in each region) was verified. Note that the change in the meshing transmission error (MTE) in FIG. 15 is due to the torque fluctuation, and the meshing transmission error (MTE) increases as the torque increases.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the change in the mesh transmission error (MTE) due to the torque is larger in the inner end region than in the outer end region. This is because the gears 10 and 11 used in this test are beveled bevel gears as described above, and therefore, the bending rigidity of the teeth is higher as the outer end portion is increased. As a result, the meshing transmission error (MTE) is increased at the outer end portion. ) Is considered to have decreased. Further, in both the inner end portion and the outer end portion, the temperature difference increases as the meshing transmission error (MTE) increases. However, even with the same meshing transmission error (MTE) of about 40 seconds, the temperature difference is larger at the outer end portion than at the inner end portion. From this, it can be considered that the effect of the meshing transmission error (MTE) is that the shift of the position of the meshing region on the tooth surface is larger than the fluctuation of the load applied to the tooth surface.

  From the above results, if the region (meshing region) on the tooth surface of the tooth 10a where such a temperature difference occurs is the same position (region), in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase divided into the region for each simultaneous meshing number. There is a high correlation between the temperature difference between adjacent regions and the mesh transmission error (MTE). Therefore, the mesh excitation force that can be obtained based on this mesh transmission error (MTE) is also required. High correlation with temperature difference.

  As described above, according to the gear wrapping method and apparatus of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the load applied to the tooth surfaces of the gears 10 and 11 causes the lubricating oil applied to the tooth surfaces to be sheared. As a result, the temperature of the tooth surface where the lubricating oil is sheared rises and the number of simultaneous meshes changes, resulting in a change in the shear resistance of the lubricating oil applied to the tooth surface, Since the temperature difference between the regions calculates the temperature difference between the adjacent regions in the temperature difference calculation step S31 between the regions using the fact that the temperature difference (the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise) is caused to the Based on the temperature difference between adjacent regions, it is possible to reliably measure the tooth surface accuracy focusing on the meshing vibration force of the gears 10 and 11, and focusing on the meshing vibration force of the tooth contact state of the gears 10 and 11. Then high It is possible to grasp every time.

  In the relative position calculation step S18a, the wrapping control unit 46a performs wrapping based on the temperature difference and the reference data at the optimum relative position calculated based on the temperature difference and the reference data. Therefore, the gears 10 and 11 can be processed into a gear pair having a desired meshing excitation force with high accuracy by performing lapping once. Therefore, the processing time required for lapping can be remarkably shortened as compared with the conventional technology as described above, and the gears 10 and 11 with less gear noise can be performed with high efficiency. Moreover, since lapping is performed based on the temperature difference between adjacent regions in which the meshing excitation force based on the tooth contact state is accurately reflected, it is possible to reliably prevent the tooth surface from being distorted by lapping. .

  Furthermore, according to the gear lapping method and apparatus of the present embodiment, the same configuration (common part) as the gear lapping method and apparatus according to the first embodiment described above, the first embodiment described above, The same effect as the effect produced by such a similar configuration can be obtained.

[6] Sixth Embodiment Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method as a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The gear lapping method according to the present embodiment is modified from the fifth embodiment in the same manner as the modification of the second embodiment described above with respect to the first embodiment. That is, unlike the gear lapping method of the fifth embodiment, the gear lapping method of the present embodiment is configured to perform feedback control. The gear lapping method of the present embodiment is also performed by a lapping apparatus similar to the gear lapping apparatus of the fifth embodiment. Therefore, the gear lapping method according to this embodiment will be described here with reference to FIG. In FIG. 16, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 14 denote the same elements, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 16, in the gear lapping method of the present embodiment, the process ends when the necessity determination unit 49a determines that the gears 10 and 11 do not need to be wrapped in the necessity determination step S33. However, when it is determined that the gears 10 and 11 need to be wrapped (see the Yes route in the necessity determination step S33), the processing from the relative position calculation step S18a to the cleaning step S22a is performed, and thereafter The process from the lubricating oil application step S10 to the necessity determination step S33 is repeated by feeding back to the lubricating oil application step S10. Then, the processing described above is repeated until it is determined in the necessity determination step S33 that it is not necessary to wrap the gears 10 and 11.

  Thus, according to the gear lapping method as the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment described above can be obtained, and a desired tooth contact state corresponding to the reference data can be obtained. The gears 10 and 11 having the above can be obtained with higher accuracy and reliability.

[7] Seventh Embodiment Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIGS. 17 and 18 show a gear lapping method and apparatus as a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Is a block diagram showing its functional configuration, and FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method. In FIG. 17, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 13 indicate the same elements, and in FIG. 18, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 14 indicate the same elements.

  The gear lapping method and apparatus according to the present embodiment is modified from the fifth embodiment in the same manner as the modification of the third embodiment described above with respect to the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 17, the gear lapping apparatus of the present embodiment does not include the tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 41 unlike the lapping apparatus of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. Accordingly, the camera control unit 32 supplies the tooth surface temperature distribution data of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 measured by the thermography camera 30 immediately after being rotated by the gear rotation control unit 35 to a predetermined number of rotations to the meshing number region dividing unit 47. Configured to send. Here, the thermographic camera (tooth surface temperature measuring means) 30 is a tooth surface temperature rise detecting means for detecting the temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface 10a of the gear 10 caused by the rotation of the pair of gears 10 and 11. Here, the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature of the tooth surface 10a immediately after the predetermined rotation speed measured by the thermography camera 30 is treated as the distribution data of the tooth surface temperature rise.

Then, the meshing number region dividing means 47 uses the tooth surface temperature distribution data (tooth surface temperature increase distribution data) of the tooth surface 10a immediately after the predetermined rotation speed directly transmitted from the camera control unit 32 as the tooth of the gear 10. It is divided for each simultaneous meshing number (meshing number state) with the teeth of the gear 11 of 10a.
Next, the gear lapping method of this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 18, the gear lapping method of this embodiment is similar to the lapping method of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. The gear rotation step S13 is performed after the emissivity calibration step S11 without the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S12 and the tooth surface temperature difference calculation step S15, and then the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14 is performed. Then, immediately after the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S14, the process proceeds to the meshing number region dividing step S30.

  Thus, according to the gear wrapping method and apparatus as the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the same effects as those of the fifth embodiment can be obtained, and the gears 10 and 11 can be wrapped more efficiently. Processing can be performed.

[8] Eighth Embodiment Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a gear lapping method as an eighth embodiment of the present invention. Note that the gear lapping method of the present embodiment is similar to the gear lapping method of the seventh embodiment described above, as well as the change of the gear lapping method of the sixth embodiment described above to the fifth embodiment. Differently, it is configured to perform feedback control.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 19, also in the gear lapping method of the present embodiment, the process ends when the necessity determination means 49a determines that the gears 10 and 11 do not need to be wrapped in the necessity determination step S33. However, when it is determined that the gears 10 and 11 need to be wrapped (see the Yes route in the necessity determination step S33), the processing from the relative position calculation step S18a to the cleaning step S22a is performed, and thereafter The process from the lubricating oil application step S10 to the necessity determination step S33 is repeated by feeding back to the lubricating oil application step S10. Then, the processing described above is repeated until it is determined in the necessity determination step S33 that it is not necessary to wrap the gears 10 and 11.

  Thus, according to the gear lapping method as the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the same effects as those of the fifth to seventh embodiments described above can be obtained.

[9] Others Although the gear lapping method and apparatus of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. be able to.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, both of the pair of gears 10 and 11 are set as a target for lapping processing, but for example, the gear 10 that is a driving gear is set as a target for lapping processing and the gear 11 that is a driven gear is used. Is a gear for processing, that is, the gear 11 is a gear having a desired high-precision tooth surface that has been processed in advance, and is configured to have higher rigidity than the gear 10, thereby lapping only the gear 10. You may comprise so that it may give. Thereby, the gear 10 having the desired tooth surface accuracy can be easily mass-produced. On the contrary, the gear 10 may be a processing gear and the gear 11 may be a processing target.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the wrapping material is supplied between the tooth surfaces of the pair of gears 10 and 11, and the gears 10 and 11 are rotationally driven to perform lapping. The configuration and the method of the wrapping means for applying the gear are not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in a state where the pair of gears 10 and 11 are engaged, at least one of the gears 10 and 11 is engaged. You may comprise so that it may lapping by sliding and / or vibrating in arbitrary directions.

  Moreover, in embodiment mentioned above, before performing wrap material supply process S20 (S20a), you may make it implement the lubricating oil washing | cleaning process which wash | cleans the lubricating oil applied to the gearwheels 10 and 11. The lubricating oil cleaning step may be performed using the cleaning means in the above-described embodiment.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the function structure of the gear lapping apparatus as 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the gear lapping processing apparatus as 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which shows the temperature measurement result (distribution of a tooth surface temperature rise) in the lapping processing method and apparatus of the gear of the present invention (the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise) and the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan, 4 (a1) and 4 (a2) are diagrams when the meshing region is generated at the inner end portion of the tooth surface, and FIGS. 4 (b1) and 4 (b2) are diagrams when the meshing region is generated at the center portion of the tooth surface. 4 (c1) and 4 (c2) are views when the meshing region is generated at the outer end portion of the tooth surface. It is the figure which shows the temperature measurement result (distribution of a tooth surface temperature rise) in the lapping processing method and apparatus of the gear of the present invention (the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise) and the state of the tooth surface in the tooth contact inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan, Fig.5 (a) is a figure which shows the state of the tooth surface in the tooth-contact test | inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan when changing a tooth-contact to the outer end of a tooth surface, FIG.5 (b) is a tooth surface. It is a figure which shows the temperature measurement result of the tooth surface in this invention when changing a tooth | gear contact to the outer end. It is a figure which shows the tooth root stress value for every area | region of a tooth surface when changing a tooth | gear contact at the outer end of the tooth surface in FIG. It is a figure which shows the temperature measurement result (tooth surface temperature rise distribution) in this invention, and the state of the tooth surface in the tooth-contact test | inspection using the conventional Mitsumetan, FIG.7 (a1), (a2) ) Shows the torque when the torque between the gears is 98 Nm, FIGS. 7B1 and 7B2 show the torque when the torque between the gears is 68.8 Nm, and FIGS. 7C1 and 7C2 The torque between the gears is 49 Nm. It is a figure which shows the tooth root stress value for every gear simultaneous meshing | engagement number of gears at the time of gear meshing, and the temperature measurement result (distribution of a tooth surface temperature rise) in this invention, and Fig.8 (a) simultaneous FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the tooth root stress value for each number of meshes, and FIG. 8B shows the tooth contact inspection of the gear of the present invention at the time of meshing shown in FIG. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the gear lapping apparatus as 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the gear lapping apparatus as 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the correspondence of a meshing transmission error (MTE) and the temperature difference between the area | regions for every adjacent simultaneous meshing | engaging number of the tooth surface temperature measurement result (distribution of a tooth surface temperature rise) in this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the gear lapping apparatus as 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the lapping processing method of the gear as 8th Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base 2,4,6 guide 3,5,7 column 3a X direction motor 5a Z direction motor 7a Y direction motor 10,11 Gear 10a Tooth surface 12,13 Shaft 14 Protrusion 20 Drive motor (gear rotation means)
21 Torque imparting motor 30 Thermographic camera (tooth surface temperature measuring means)
Reference Signs List 31 Photosensor 32 Camera control unit 33 Lapping material supply nozzle 34 Cleaning means 35 Gear rotation control means 40 Arithmetic unit 41 Tooth surface temperature difference calculating means 42, 42a Reference data storage unit 43 Tooth surface temperature comparing means 43a, 49a Necessity determining means 44, 44a Relative position calculation means 45, 45a Gear position adjustment control means 46, 46a Lapping control means 47 Meshing number area dividing means 48 Inter-region temperature difference calculation means 49 Temperature difference comparison means 100 Lapping processing base S10 Lubricating oil application step S11 Emissivity calibration step S12 Pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S13 Gear rotation step S14 Post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step S15 Tooth surface temperature difference calculation step S16 Tooth surface temperature comparison step S17, S33 Necessity determination step S18, S18a Relative position calculation step S19, S19a Gear position adjustment S20, S20a wrap material supply step S21, S21a polishing step S22, S22a washing step S30 meshing number area dividing step S31 regions between the temperature difference calculation step S32 the temperature difference comparing step

Claims (20)

A lubricating oil application step of applying lubricating oil to the tooth surfaces of at least one gear of a pair of gears meshing with each other;
A tooth surface temperature rise detecting step for detecting a temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear caused by the rotation of the pair of gears after the lubricating oil application step;
Tooth surface temperature comparison step for comparing the tooth surface temperature increase distribution detected in the tooth surface temperature increase detection step with reference data on the preset tooth surface temperature increase distribution of the one gear.
Based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step, a relative position calculation step for calculating the optimum relative position of the pair of gears;
A gear position adjusting step of adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimal relative position calculated in the relative position calculating step;
And a lapping step for lapping the pair of gears based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step after the pair of gears are adjusted to the optimum relative position in the gear position adjustment step. A gear wrapping method characterized by the above.   In the relative position calculation step, based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step, the relative position of the pair of gears whose distribution of the tooth surface temperature increase of the one gear is most similar to the reference data is The gear lapping method according to claim 1, wherein the gear is lapped as an optimum relative position. A lubricating oil application step of applying lubricating oil to the tooth surfaces of at least one gear of a pair of gears meshing with each other;
A tooth surface temperature rise detecting step for detecting a temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear caused by the rotation of the pair of gears after the lubricating oil application step;
A meshing number region dividing step of dividing the tooth surface temperature increase distribution detected in the tooth surface temperature rising detection step into regions for each simultaneous meshing number;
An inter-region temperature difference calculating step of calculating a temperature difference between adjacent adjacent meshing numbers in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise divided in the meshing number region dividing step;
The temperature difference of the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number calculated in the inter-region temperature difference calculation step and the reference data regarding the temperature difference of the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear set in advance are set. A temperature difference comparison step to be compared;
Based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison step, a relative position calculation step for calculating the optimum relative position of the pair of gears;
A gear position adjusting step of adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimal relative position calculated in the relative position calculating step;
And a lapping step of lapping the pair of gears based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison step after the pair of gears are adjusted to the optimum relative position in the gear position adjustment step. A gear wrapping method characterized by the above.   In the relative position calculation step, based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison step, the relative temperature difference between the pair of gears in which the temperature difference in the adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear is most similar to the reference data. 4. The gear lapping method according to claim 3, wherein the position is calculated as the optimum relative position. The tooth surface temperature rise detection step
A gear rotation step of rotating the pair of gears after the lubricant application step;
The post-rotation tooth surface temperature measuring step of measuring the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear as the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise after the gear rotation step is provided. The gear lapping method according to claim 1. The tooth surface temperature rise detection step
A pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measuring step of measuring the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear after the lubricating oil application step;
A gear rotation step of rotating the pair of gears after the rotation front tooth surface temperature measurement step;
A post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step of measuring the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear after the gear rotation step;
Tooth surface that is the difference between the tooth surface temperature distribution before rotation measured in the pre-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step and the distribution of tooth surface temperature after rotation measured in the post-rotation tooth surface temperature measurement step The gear lapping method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a tooth surface temperature difference calculating step of calculating a temperature difference distribution as the tooth surface temperature rise distribution.   The gear lapping method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the measurement of the tooth surface temperature distribution is performed without contact with the tooth surface.   The gear lapping method according to claim 7, wherein the measurement of the tooth surface temperature distribution is performed using thermography. The lapping process
A wrap material supply step of supplying a wrap material between the pair of gears;
A polishing step of polishing the tooth surfaces of at least one of the pair of gears by rotating the pair of gears based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison step after the wrap material supply step; The gear lapping method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the gear lapping method is provided. A necessity determination step for determining whether or not the processing of the wrapping step is necessary based on the comparison result is provided,
The process from the lubricating oil application process to the wrapping process is repeated until it is determined in the necessity determination process that the process of the wrapping process is not necessary, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, Wrapping method of the described gear. Gear rotating means for rotating a pair of gears meshed with each other, wherein lubricating oil is applied to the tooth surface of at least one gear;
Tooth surface temperature rise detection means for detecting the temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear generated by the pair of gears rotated by the gear rotation means;
Tooth surface temperature comparing means for comparing the tooth surface temperature rise distribution detected by the tooth surface temperature rise detecting means with reference data on the preset tooth surface temperature rise distribution of the one gear.
Relative position calculation means for calculating the optimum relative position of the pair of gears based on the comparison result in the tooth surface temperature comparison means;
Gear position adjusting means for adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimum relative position calculated by the relative position calculating means;
Wrapping means for wrapping the pair of gears based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means after the pair of gears are adjusted to the optimum relative position by the gear position adjusting means. A gear lapping apparatus characterized by the above.   The relative position calculating means calculates the relative position of the pair of gears whose tooth surface temperature rise distribution of the one gear is most similar to the reference data based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means. 12. The gear lapping apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the gear lapping apparatus calculates the optimum relative position. Gear rotating means for rotating a pair of gears meshed with each other, wherein lubricating oil is applied to the tooth surface of at least one gear;
Tooth surface temperature rise detection means for detecting the temperature rise distribution of the tooth surface of the one gear generated by the pair of gears rotated by the gear rotation means;
Meshing number area dividing means for dividing the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise detected by the tooth surface temperature rise detecting means into areas for each simultaneous meshing number;
An inter-region temperature difference calculating means for calculating a temperature difference between the adjacent simultaneous meshing number in the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise divided by the meshing number region dividing means;
The temperature difference of the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number calculated by the inter-region temperature difference calculating means, and the reference data regarding the temperature difference of the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear set in advance A temperature difference comparison means to compare;
Relative position calculation means for calculating the optimum relative position of the pair of gears based on the comparison result in the temperature difference comparison means;
Gear position adjusting means for adjusting the position of at least one of the pair of gears so as to be the optimum relative position calculated by the relative position calculating means;
Wrapping means for wrapping the pair of gears based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparing means after the pair of gears are adjusted to the optimum relative position by the gear position adjusting means. A gear lapping apparatus characterized by the above.   The relative position calculation means is based on the comparison result of the temperature difference comparison means, and the relative temperature difference between the pair of gears in which the temperature difference in the region for each adjacent simultaneous meshing number of the one gear is most similar to the reference data. 14. The gear lapping apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the position is calculated as the optimum relative position. The tooth surface temperature rise detecting means is
A tooth surface temperature measuring means for measuring the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear as the distribution of the tooth surface temperature rise after the pair of gears is rotated by the gear rotating means is provided. Item 15. A gear lapping apparatus according to any one of Items 11 to 14. The tooth surface temperature rise detecting means is
Tooth surface temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the tooth surface of the one gear,
The tooth surface temperature distribution measured by the tooth surface temperature measuring means before the pair of gears rotated by the gear rotating means, and the tooth surface temperature measurement after the pair of gears rotated by the gear rotating means. And a tooth surface temperature difference calculating means for calculating a tooth surface temperature difference distribution, which is a difference from the tooth surface temperature distribution of the one gear measured by the means, as the tooth surface temperature rise distribution. The gear lapping apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the lapping apparatus is a gear.   The gear lapping apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the tooth surface temperature measuring means measures the temperature of the tooth surface in a non-contact manner.   The gear lapping apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the tooth surface temperature measuring means is constituted by thermography. The wrapping means is
Wrap material supply means for supplying wrap material between the pair of gears;
After the wrap material is supplied by the wrap material supply means, the tooth surfaces of at least one of the pair of gears are rotated by rotating the pair of gears based on the comparison result of the tooth surface temperature comparison means. The gear lapping apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized by comprising polishing means for polishing the gear. The necessity determination means for determining whether or not the processing of the wrapping means is necessary based on the comparison result is provided,
The process from the lubricating oil applying unit to the wrapping unit is repeated until the necessity determination unit determines that the processing of the wrapping unit is not necessary, according to any one of claims 11 to 19, Wrapping device for gears as described.

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