JP2005265434A - Stereoscopic structure and shape measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a stereoscopic structure and a shape measuring device capable of measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object, a shape change or the like in real time by an inexpensive system. <P>SOLUTION: This stereoscopic structure has a constitution equipped with a stereoscopic structure body 10, a core and a clad laminated on the periphery of the core, and having sensor parts SP enabling interaction of a part of transferred light with the outside world, and having a plurality of optical fibers (20a, 10b) buried in a surface layer part of the stereoscopic structure body 10 or provided on the surface thereof so that the sensor parts SP are arranged two-dimensionally on a plurality of spots on a plane constituting the surface of the stereoscopic structure body 10, a light source 11 for emitting incident light to the incident ends of the optical fibers 10a, and a light receiving part 13 for detecting light emitted from the incident ends of the optical fibers 10a through the sensor parts SP. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional structure and a shape measuring apparatus, and more particularly to a three-dimensional structure and a shape measuring apparatus having an optical fiber sensor.

An optical fiber sensor has a feature that it can be embedded, for example. Taking advantage of this feature, a measurement method using an optical fiber sensor has been developed to monitor the structural integrity of a composite material.
Among them, damage monitoring measurement using a sensor system called BOTDR and FBG has been developed.

  BOTDR (Brillouin Time Domain Reflectometer) is a method for measuring Brillouin scattered light by time resolution as distributed network measurement. This utilizes a phenomenon in which the wavelength of light scattered by ultrasonic waves generated inside the optical fiber shifts when a force is applied to extend the optical fiber in the length direction.

  On the other hand, in the case of FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating), a phenomenon that a periodic refractive index change is given to the core of the optical fiber and a wavelength corresponding to the period is reflected by Bragg diffraction is used.

By the way, there are three types of physical quantities necessary for realizing the tactile sensation of the skin: (1) mechanical deformation, (2) temperature, and (3) chemical action. Regarding the mechanical deformation in this, it is considered that a spatial resolution of 1 mm is necessary in order to realize the tactile sensation of the skin (see Non-Patent Document 1).
A tactile device with a small number of wires or no wires using the MEMS technology is also known (see Patent Document 1). A sensor chip capable of supplying power and transmitting signals without wiring is embedded in the elastic body. In order to improve the tactile function, high-density mounting of sensors is necessary, and it was difficult to realize from the viewpoint of power supply wiring and embedded wiring. However, by using the technique described in Patent Document 1, a large number of sensors are arranged. Easy to do.

  Moreover, regarding the optical fiber sensor described above, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 describe a configuration in which a so-called heterocore portion is used as a sensor.

However, each of the above sensors has the following problems.
Since BOTDR needs to measure weak light, it takes time to measure, lacks real-time properties, makes the system more complicated and expensive.
In FBG, since infrared laser interferometry is used to form a precise periodic refractive index distribution of about the wavelength on the fiber, there is a drawback that the manufacturing of the sensor portion is complicated and the manufacturing cost is high.
Moreover, as a skin sensor, a sensor chip is small and hard, and cannot maintain softness like skin. In addition, wireless sensing has a problem that noise increases.
Furthermore, since BOTDR and FBG have temperature dependence, another device for temperature compensation is required.
Further, with the configurations described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, the shape of a three-dimensional object cannot be measured.
JP 11-245190 A International Publication No. 97/48994 Pamphlet JP 2003-214906 A N. Asamura, T. Shinohara, Y. Tojo, N. Koshida, and H. Shinoda; Necessary Spatial Resolution for Realistic Tactile Feeling Display; Proc. IEEE Conf. On Robotics and Automation, pp1851-56 (2001).

  The problem to be solved is that it is difficult to measure the shape of a three-dimensional structure or a shape measurement object, such as a change in shape, in real time with an inexpensive system.

  The three-dimensional structure of the present invention includes a three-dimensional structure main body, a core and a clad laminated on the outer periphery of the core, and includes a sensor unit that enables interaction with a part of the outside of the transmitted light. A plurality of sensors embedded in the surface layer portion of the three-dimensional structure body or provided on the surface so that the sensor unit is two-dimensionally arranged at a plurality of positions on the surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure body. An optical fiber; a light source that emits incident light to an incident end of the optical fiber; and a light receiving unit that detects light emitted from the exit end of the optical fiber via the sensor unit.

  The above-described three-dimensional structure of the present invention is a sensor that enables interaction with a part of the transmitted light to be externally arranged so as to be two-dimensionally arranged in a two-dimensional manner on the surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body. Is provided. It is the structure which further has the light source which injects light into the several optical fiber which has these sensor parts, and the light-receiving part which detects the light from an optical fiber.

In the above-described three-dimensional structure of the present invention, preferably, the sensor unit is a hetero-core unit having a core diameter different from the core diameter of the optical fiber, and is fusion-bonded to a middle part of the optical fiber. It is.
Alternatively, preferably, the sensor unit has a configuration in which a light transmission member having a refractive index equivalent to the refractive index of the core of the optical fiber or the refractive index of the clad is fused and joined to the middle part of the optical fiber. .
Alternatively, preferably, the sensor unit has a configuration in which the clad of the optical fiber is removed.

  In the above-described three-dimensional structure of the present invention, preferably, the sensor section is two-dimensionally arranged on a plurality of curved surfaces or planes constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure.

  In the above three-dimensional structure of the present invention, preferably, the optical fiber includes a first system arranged along a first direction on a surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, and the first It has the 2nd system arranged along the 2nd direction different from a direction.

  In the above-described three-dimensional structure of the present invention, preferably, the sensor unit has a first region arranged at a first density on a surface constituting a surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, and the first density. It has 2nd area | region arrange | positioned by different 2nd density.

  The above three-dimensional structure of the present invention is preferably an optical switch that splits light from the light source into a plurality of beams and switches each of the plurality of optical fibers, or the plurality of optical fibers. The optical branching device is further provided for each of the optical branching devices.

  The above-described three-dimensional structure of the present invention is preferably a light receiving element array in which the light receiving unit measures light emitted from the emission ends of the plurality of optical fibers sequentially or simultaneously.

In the above-described three-dimensional structure of the present invention, preferably, the sensor unit detects the pressure distribution, shape and / or change thereof from the outside of the three-dimensional structure main body.
Alternatively, preferably, the sensor unit detects the presence / absence, type and / or concentration of the liquid in contact with the three-dimensional structure.

  The shape measuring device of the present invention is a shape measuring device for measuring the shape of a shape measuring object, and includes a core and a clad laminated on the outer periphery of the core, and a mutual relationship between a part of transmitted light and the outside world. A sensor unit that enables operation, and the sensor unit is provided on the surface of the shape measurement object so that the sensor unit is two-dimensionally arranged on a surface constituting the surface of the shape measurement object. A plurality of optical fibers, a light source that emits incident light to the incident end of the optical fiber, and a light receiving unit that detects light emitted from the exit end of the optical fiber via the sensor unit.

  The shape measuring device of the above invention is a sensor unit that enables interaction with a part of the transmitted light to be externally arranged so as to be two-dimensionally arranged on a surface constituting the surface of the shape measuring object. Is provided. It is the structure which further has the light source which injects light into the several optical fiber which has these sensor parts, and the light-receiving part which detects the light from an optical fiber.

  In the shape measuring apparatus of the above invention, preferably, the sensor unit detects the pressure distribution, shape and / or change thereof from the outside of the shape measuring object.

  Since the three-dimensional structure of the present invention has a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged sensor parts on the surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, which allows the interaction of a part of the transmitted light with the outside world. It is possible to measure the shape of a three-dimensional object and the change of the shape with an inexpensive system in real time.

  Further, in the shape measuring apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of sensor portions that enable interaction with a part of the transmitted light with the outside world are two-dimensionally arranged on the surface constituting the surface of the shape measuring object. Therefore, it is possible to measure the shape of the three-dimensional object and the change of the shape with an inexpensive system in real time.

  Embodiments of a three-dimensional structure and a shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a three-dimensional structure according to this embodiment.
In the three-dimensional structure according to the present embodiment, a plurality of optical fibers (20a, 20b) having a core and a clad laminated on the outer periphery of the core are embedded in the surface layer portion of the three-dimensional structure body 10 or on the surface. Is provided. The optical fibers (20a, 20b) are, for example, single mode fibers having a core diameter of 9 μm.
In the middle of the optical fiber (20a, 20b), a sensor part SP that enables interaction with a part of the transmitted light is provided. The sensor part SP is a surface of the three-dimensional structure main body 10. A plurality of positions are two-dimensionally arranged on the surface constituting the.

In addition, the light source 11 includes a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) that emits incident light to the incident end of the optical fiber. Optical coupling between one light source 11 and a plurality of optical fibers is performed by, for example, an optical switch (optical switch) or an optical branching device (optical coupler) 12. The optical switch branches the light from the light source 11 into a plurality of beams and switches each of the plurality of optical fibers 20a so as to enter. The optical branch device splits the light from the light source 11 into a plurality of beams. Incident on each of the fibers.
Moreover, it has the light-receiving part 13 which detects the light radiate | emitted from the output end of the optical fiber 20b via sensor part SP. The light receiving unit 13 is preferably made of a photodiode, for example, and is preferably a light receiving element array such as a line sensor that sequentially or simultaneously measures light emitted from the emission ends of the plurality of optical fibers 20b.

Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure according to the present embodiment includes a signal processing unit 14 and an image display unit 15.
The signal processing unit 14 performs signal processing such as current-voltage conversion on the optical signal output from the light receiving unit 13 to form image data, and the image display unit 15 displays the obtained image data.

The optical fiber (20a, 20b) has a sensor part SP in the middle part thereof, that is, between the optical fiber 20a on the light incident side and the optical fiber 20b on the light output side.
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the optical fiber (20a, 20b) in the vicinity of the sensor unit SP for showing an example of the configuration of the sensor unit SP, and FIG. 2B is a diagram in the vicinity of the sensor unit SP. It is sectional drawing of a longitudinal direction.
The optical fibers (20a, 20b) have a core 21 and a clad 22 laminated on the outer periphery thereof. The light from the optical switching device or the optical branching device 12 is incident on the core 21 from the light incident end side, and is emitted from the core 21 on the light emitting end side to the light receiving unit via the sensor unit SP.

A sensor part SP shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is a hetero-core part 3 having a core diameter different from the core diameter of the optical fiber (20a, 20b), and a core 31 and a clad laminated on the outer peripheral part thereof. 32.
The diameter bl of the core 31 in the hetero core portion 3 is sufficiently smaller than the diameter al of the core 21 of the optical fiber (20a, 20b), for example, al = 50 μm and bl = 3 μm. Moreover, the length cl of the hetero core part 3 is several mm-several cm, for example, is about 5 mm.
The hetero-core part 3 that constitutes the optical fiber (20a, 20b) and the sensor part SP is coaxial so that the cores are joined at the interface 4 orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, for example, by fusion by discharge that has been widely used, etc. It is joined.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, in the configuration in which the sensor part SP is joined to the middle part of the optical fiber (20a, 20b), the diameter bl of the core 31 in the hetero-core part 3 and the optical fiber (20a 20b) is different from the diameter al of the core 21 at the interface 4, and due to the difference in the core diameter, a part of the light leaks to the clad 32 of the hetero-core part 3 and the boundary between the clad 32 and the outside world. The sevanescent wave can be generated and the external world can be acted upon. The evanescent wave is an evanescent light that decays exponentially with the distance from the boundary surface, such as a light wave generated in the second medium when the light in the first medium is totally reflected at the boundary with the second medium. : A wave that gradually disappears) and a light wave that has virtually no energy. The light that has been interacted with the outside world by the evanescent wave is incident again on the core 21 of the optical fiber and transmitted.

  Since the light leaked as described above changes in accordance with the degree of bending of the optical fiber in the sensor unit SP, a plurality of sensor units SP can be two-dimensionally detected by detecting changes caused as a result of interaction with the outside world. By arranging the locations, the pressure distribution and shape from the outside of the three-dimensional structure main body 10 and changes thereof can be detected. That is, when fluctuations such as distortion are given to the sensor part SP such as the hetero core part, the light entering the hetero core part leaks to the clad and a loss (change) occurs in the amount of light received by the light receiving part. By detecting this, distortion of the three-dimensional structure main body 10 can be detected. For example, as shown to Fig.2 (a), the pressure distribution from the external field of the solid structure main body 10 along the extending | stretching direction DR of an optical fiber (20a, 20b), a shape, and those changes are detected.

As the sensor unit SP, other configurations can be adopted.
FIGS. 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber (20a, 20b) in the vicinity of the sensor unit SP for illustrating an example of the configuration of the sensor unit SP.
In FIG. 3A, the diameter bl of the core 31 of the hetero-core part 3 constituting the sensor part SP is larger than the diameter al of the core 21 of the optical fiber (20a, 20b).
As shown in FIG. 3B, instead of the hetero-core portion, the sensor portion SP has a light transmission member having a refractive index equivalent to the refractive index of the core 21 or the refractive index of the cladding 22 of the optical fiber (20a, 20b). It can also be set as the structure by which 30 is joined to the middle part of an optical fiber (20a, 20b).
As shown in FIG. 3C, the sensor unit SP may be formed by cutting the cladding 22 so that a part of the core 21 of the optical fiber 20 is exposed. The evanescent wave can be directly applied to the outside world on the surface of the core 21 in the sensor unit SP.

In the three-dimensional structure in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, when the pressure P is applied and deformed from the outside, the surface of the three-dimensional structure is deformed, that is, the sensor unit arranged two-dimensionally. The optical fiber it has also deforms.
Here, the light from the light source 11 is incident on each optical fiber 20a as described above, the light that interacts with the outside by the sensor unit SP is emitted from each optical fiber 20b, and this is received by the light receiving unit 13, The optical signal output from the light receiving unit 13 is processed in the signal processing unit 14 to form image data, and the obtained image data is displayed on the image display device 15, so that the surface of the three-dimensional structure is deformed or the outside world is displayed. The pressure from can be seen as an image.

In the three-dimensional structure according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the sensor units SP are two-dimensionally arranged at a plurality of curved surfaces or planes constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body 10.
For example, when a sensor unit is arranged on each of a pair of opposing surfaces of a flat three-dimensional structure, by analyzing the shape of both surfaces, for example, from the difference in curvature of both surfaces, the three-dimensional structure can be more precisely The surface can be analyzed for deformation and pressure from the outside.

Moreover, the optical fiber (20a, 20b) provided with the sensor part SP in the middle as described above has a pressure distribution from the outside of the three-dimensional structure body 10 along the extending direction DR of the optical fiber (20a, 20b), Shapes and their changes can be detected, but pressure distributions and shape changes along different directions may not be detected.
Therefore, the optical fiber has a first system arranged along the first direction on the surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, and a second system arranged along the second direction different from the first direction. It is preferable to have a system.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic views showing the arrangement configuration of the optical fiber and the sensor unit in the case of having the above-described plurality of systems.
4 (a) is the first system (x _1, x _2, · · ·) extending in a first direction DR _X and, extending in a second direction DR _y substantially orthogonal to the first direction DR _X And a second system (y ₁ , y ₂ ,...) That intersects each of these systems (A ₁₁ , A ₁₂ , A ₂₁ , A ₂₂ ...), In both the first system and the second system, the sensor unit SP is provided.
4B has a first system (x ₁ , x ₂ ,...) And a second system (y ₁ , y ₂ ,...) That are substantially orthogonal to each other. In the positions (A ₁₁ , A ₁₂ , A ₂₁ , A ₂₂ ...) Intersecting, sensor units SP are alternately provided in the first system and the second system. That is, for example, a sensor unit is provided in the first optical fiber at the position (A ₁₁ , A ₂₂ ...), And a sensor unit is provided in the second optical fiber at the position (A ₁₂ , A _21. Is provided.
Furthermore, the sensor part may be provided along patterns other than said pattern.
Although FIG. 1 also shows a configuration having a first system and a second system that is substantially orthogonal to the first system, the illustration of the optical fibers (20a, 20b), etc. is shown only for one system and the other system is shown. Is omitted.

  As described above, the optical fiber has a first system arranged along the first direction and a second system arranged along the second direction different from the first direction, so that a plurality of directions can be obtained. It is possible to detect the pressure distribution and shape change along the surface, and to analyze the surface of the three-dimensional structure more precisely, the pressure from the outside, and the like.

In addition, the sensor unit includes a first region arranged at a first density on a surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, and a second region arranged at a second density different from the first density. Is preferred.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views showing the arrangement configuration of the first region and the second region in which the density of the arrangement of the sensor units is different.
FIG. 5A shows a first system (x ₁ , x ₂ ,...) Extending in the first direction DR _X in the first region, and a second system that is substantially orthogonal to the first direction DR _X. And a second system (y ₁ , y ₂ ,...) Extending in the direction DR _y, and the second system (A ₁₁ , A ₁₂ , A ₂₁ , A ₂₂ ...) FIG. 5B shows a first system (X ₁ , X ₂ ,...) Extending in the first direction DR _X , and a first configuration. Second density lower than the first density in the second region having the second system (Y ₁ , Y ₂ ,...) Extending in the second direction DR _y substantially orthogonal to the direction DR _{X of} In this configuration, the sensor unit SP is provided.
Furthermore, the sensor unit may be provided along a pattern in which the density changes continuously.

  As described above, the sensor unit has the first region arranged at the first density and the second region arranged at the second density different from the first density, thereby changing the structure of the three-dimensional structure. By providing sensor sections with high density in areas that are easy to perform or in areas of high importance, and arranging sensor sections with low density in areas that are difficult to change structures or areas of low importance, the necessary data can be collected more efficiently. Can be acquired.

  According to the three-dimensional structure of the present embodiment, since the distribution of light loss (change amount) in each sensor unit can be measured in real time in the two-dimensionally distributed sensor unit, the damage state of the three-dimensional structure can be measured. It is possible to monitor the shape and the change of the shape in real time. In addition, a light-emitting element such as an inexpensive laser diode or a light-emitting diode can be used as the light source, an inexpensive photodiode or the like can be used as the light-receiving unit, and the sensor unit can be easily formed by fusion or the like. Therefore, a simple and inexpensive system can be constructed. In addition, since an optical fiber having a supple characteristic is used, the skin-like softness can be maintained, and application to a wider field such as an artificial skin sensor is conceivable.

Second Embodiment This embodiment is a shape measuring apparatus for measuring the shape of a hand, which is a shape measuring object, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration thereof.
A plurality of optical fibers (20a, 20b) having a core and a clad laminated on the outer periphery of the core are incorporated in a glove 17 or the like covering the hand 16, which is a shape measurement object, and thereby the optical fibers (20a, 20b). ) On the surface of the hand 16.
In the middle of the optical fiber (20a, 20b), a sensor unit SP that enables interaction with a part of the transmitted light is provided, and the sensor unit SP is a shape measurement object. A plurality of positions are two-dimensionally arranged on the surface constituting the surface of 16. In particular, in order to detect the movement of the hand sensitively, it is preferable to place the sensor unit SP mainly on a bent portion such as a joint of the hand 16.
The detailed configurations of the optical fibers (20a, 20b) and the sensor unit SP are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Further, similarly to the first embodiment, the light source 11 such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) that emits incident light to the incident end of the optical fiber is provided. Optical coupling between one light source 11 and a plurality of optical fibers is performed by, for example, an optical switch (optical switch) or an optical branching device (optical coupler) 12.
In addition, a light receiving portion 13 such as a photodiode for detecting light emitted from the light emitting end or a line sensor in which these are integrated is provided at the light emitting end of the optical fiber 20b via the sensor portion SP. A signal processing unit 14 that performs signal processing on an optical signal output from the image signal to form image data, and an image display unit 15 that displays the obtained image data are provided.

  According to the shape measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, since the distribution of the loss amount of light in each sensor unit can be measured in real time in the sensor unit distributed in two dimensions, the shape and shape of the hand that is the shape measurement object Changes in real time can be monitored. In addition, a light-emitting element such as an inexpensive laser diode or a light-emitting diode can be used as the light source, an inexpensive photodiode or the like can be used as the light-receiving unit, and the sensor unit can be easily formed by fusion or the like. Therefore, a simple and inexpensive system can be constructed. In addition, since an optical fiber having a supple characteristic is used, the shape can be measured with high reliability by smoothly following the joint of the hand.

The present invention is not limited to the above description.
For example, the sensor unit can detect the presence, type, and / or concentration of a liquid in contact with the three-dimensional structure or the measurement object by measuring the interaction with the external environment due to the evanescent wave.
The shape measuring device can be a body part other than the hand or any other structure.
In addition, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The three-dimensional structure of the present invention can be applied to a shape monitoring system such as a liquid or gas transport pipe to which an internal pressure or an external pressure is applied, or other three-dimensional structures that are desired to be monitored.
The shape measuring apparatus of the present invention can be applied to a system for measuring the shape and movement of a hand or body in real time.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a three-dimensional structure according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2A is a perspective view in the vicinity of the sensor portion SP of the optical fiber for showing an example of the configuration of the sensor portion, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction in the vicinity of the sensor portion. . FIGS. 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views in the longitudinal direction in the vicinity of the sensor portion of the optical fiber for illustrating an example of the configuration of the sensor portion. 4A and 4B are schematic views showing the arrangement configuration of the optical fiber and the sensor unit in the case of having a plurality of systems according to the first embodiment. FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views showing the arrangement configuration of the first region and the second region having different arrangement densities of the sensor units according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a shape measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Hetero core part 4 ... Interface 10 ... Three-dimensional structure main body 11 ... Light source 12 ... Optical switch or optical splitter 13 ... Light-receiving part 14 ... Signal processing part 15 ... Image display part 16 ... Hand 17 ... Globe 20a, 20b ... Light fiber 21, 31 ... core 22, 32 ... clad 30 ... light transmitting member SP ... sensor unit DR ... extending direction DR _x ... first direction DR _y ... second direction P ... pressure W ... leakage light

Claims (13)

A three-dimensional structure body;
A surface that includes a core and a clad laminated on the outer periphery of the core, has a sensor unit that enables interaction with a part of the transmitted light, and the sensor unit forms a surface of the three-dimensional structure body A plurality of optical fibers embedded in the surface layer portion of the three-dimensional structure main body or provided on the surface so as to be arranged two-dimensionally in
A light source that emits incident light to an incident end of the optical fiber;
A three-dimensional structure comprising: a light receiving portion that detects light emitted from an emission end of the optical fiber via the sensor portion. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is a hetero-core unit having a core diameter different from a core diameter of the optical fiber and is joined to a midway part of the optical fiber. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit has a configuration in which a light transmission member having a refractive index equivalent to a refractive index of a core of the optical fiber or a refractive index of a cladding is joined to a midway part of the optical fiber. Structure. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit has a configuration in which a clad of the optical fiber is removed. The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sensor unit is two-dimensionally arranged on a plurality of curved surfaces or planes constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure. The optical fiber includes a first system disposed along a first direction on a surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, and a second system disposed along a second direction different from the first direction. The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which has two systems. The sensor unit includes a first region arranged at a first density on a surface constituting the surface of the three-dimensional structure main body, and a second region arranged at a second density different from the first density. The three-dimensional structure in any one of Claims 1-6. 2. An optical switch for splitting light from the light source into a plurality of beams and switching each of the plurality of optical fibers to enter, or an optical switch for entering each of the plurality of optical fibers. The three-dimensional structure in any one of -7. The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the light receiving unit is a light receiving element array that sequentially or simultaneously measures light emitted from emission ends of the plurality of optical fibers. The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sensor unit detects a pressure distribution, a shape and / or a change thereof from the outside of the three-dimensional structure main body. The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sensor unit detects the presence / absence, type and / or concentration of a liquid in contact with the three-dimensional structure. A shape measuring device for measuring the shape of a shape measuring object,
A surface that includes a core and a clad laminated on the outer periphery of the core, has a sensor unit that enables interaction with a part of the transmitted light, and the sensor unit forms a surface of the shape measurement object A plurality of optical fibers provided on the surface of the shape measurement object so as to be two-dimensionally arranged in
A light source that emits incident light to an incident end of the optical fiber;
A shape measuring apparatus comprising: a light receiving portion that detects light emitted from an emission end of the optical fiber via the sensor portion. The shape measuring apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the sensor unit detects a pressure distribution, a shape and / or a change thereof from the outside of the shape measuring object.

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