JP2005258618A - Payment processing method, device and system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for verifying authenticity that a certificate or the like is not altered, and for easily realizing safety at the time of realizing payment regardless of a time or place or the like. <P>SOLUTION: This payment processing device 2 installed in a financial institute for performing the payment of charge to the target of payment by proxy is provided with a process to make a payment processing means 21 prepare the image data of a counterfoil for notifying a payment target institute being the target of payment of a receipt completion or payment completion by including the data of an electronic watermark for print and a process to make a communicating means 22 transmit a signal including the image data of a certificate through an electric communication line 5 in order to make a storage means 34 owned by the target of payment store it, and to make a printing means 26 print a certificate including the electronic watermark for print based on the image data of the counterfoil for sending it to the target of payment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention is a method, apparatus, and system for enabling deposit processing by sending and receiving data signals via a telecommunication line (including a line network) for, for example, a payment document for public money sent by paper medium, various transfer request forms, etc. It is about.

With the spread of so-called Internet and other telecommunication lines, it is possible to obtain ordered products and services without worrying about location or time (see, for example, Patent Document 1). On the other hand, in order to pay for goods and services, it is often necessary to bring a payment request form, which is a paper medium, to a financial institution, post office, convenience store, etc. and make a payment. In addition, for deposits of public money such as taxes, it is often necessary to bring payment forms and cash directly to the institution subject to payment and the financial institutions that handle them.
JP 2002-32585 A

  As described above, there has been a high demand for processing a request that has conventionally been performed at a window of a financial institution by transmitting and receiving data signals through a telecommunication line. However, usually receipts after receipt of payment, delivery notices, etc. are handed over in paper media, and original marks etc. are sent out in paper media, but such certificates etc. may be necessary for some proof later. . Therefore, a mechanism that can prove that tampering, counterfeiting, etc. has not been performed is necessary.

  In addition, due to the transmission and reception of signals including data relating to individuals and data relating to monetary amounts, it has been required to realize high security in order to realize such processing.

  To solve the above problems, for example, even when a paper money payment document, various transfer request forms, etc. are requested, a certificate can be used to realize payment regardless of time, place, etc. Thus, there has been a demand for a method of verifying authenticity that no alteration or the like has been made, a method of easily realizing safety, and the like.

  In the deposit processing method, apparatus and system according to the present invention, the digital watermark embedding means for printing creates image data of a certificate for notifying receipt of receipt or payment to the deposit target, including the digital watermark data for printing. For printing on the basis of the image data of the certificate for the transmission means to send or send the signal including the image data of the certificate to the deposit object via the telecommunication line for storing in the storage means possessed by the deposit object And a printing unit printing a certificate including the digital watermark. These means are provided, for example, in a financial institution that acts as a proxy for charge payment to a deposit object.

  According to the present invention, in order to deposit money regardless of time, place, etc., the possibility of falsification due to digitization even when realizing fund transfer etc. by sending and receiving signals including digitized data In consideration of the above, since a certificate for notifying receipt of payment or payment has been created as image data in which a digital watermark for printing is embedded, it is possible to easily confirm the authenticity. Further, if the authenticity can be confirmed, it is created as image data. Thus, unlike data in which only the amount of money is stored, it can be handled as a certificate for certification as before by printing on a medium. In addition, since it is possible to store the digitized data in the storage means on the deposit target side, it is not necessary to provide a place for storing a large amount of paper media. Further, there is no damage or the like, and the storage environment need not be taken into consideration. Further, since data backup can be easily performed, data can be protected.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a deposit processing system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sheet sent from a deposit target. In the present embodiment, a deposit process for paying public money including taxes to the government will be described. Therefore, the payment (payment) target is from a public institution (hereinafter referred to as the payment target organization) from the payment / delivery notice as shown in FIG. 2 and the paper with the original mark (hereinafter referred to as the payment form). Will be sent. Normally, when the payer pays, a receipt (receipt mark) is pressed on the payment / delivery notice and handed over to the payer. In addition, a receipt is also stamped on the original mark, and it is sent by mail etc. to the payment target organization. In this embodiment, the name of the payment / delivery notice and the original mark is used, but one of them is a certificate that proves that the depositor (payer) has received the deposit and the other is the deposit target. Each name is not particularly limited as long as it is a certificate that certifies (notifies the payment target organization) receipt or delivery.

  In FIG. 1, a payment data creation device 1 is a device possessed by a payer (user of the deposit processing system), and includes a data creation management means 11, a communication means 12, an input means 13, a storage means 14, and a display means. 15 and image data creating means 16 and printing means 17. In FIG. 1, only one payment data creation device 1 is provided, but actually there are a plurality of payment data on the telecommunication line 4.

  The data creation management unit 11 further includes an encryption / decryption unit 11A, an image verification / correction unit 11B, a digital watermark embedding unit 11C, and a delivery notice data management unit 21D. The image verification / correction unit 11B verifies and corrects the image data created by the image data creation unit 26. Then, the digital watermark embedding unit 11C creates image data (hereinafter referred to as payment data) of payment paper in which the items inputted by the payer as the personal identification information from the input means 23 are embedded as digital watermark (added as data). To do. The encryption / decryption unit 11A encrypts the created payment data, and the image data of the encrypted payment / delivery notice (a digital watermark for printing is embedded as data in this image data. (Denoted completed notice data). The delivered notice data management unit 11D manages the delivered notice data, and causes the printing unit 17 to print an image based on the delivered notice data on a paper medium to create a delivered notice. I do. In order for each unit to perform an operation based on the above processing, each unit of the payment data creation device 1 is controlled. Here, the digital watermark for printing is a watermark embedded as a background pattern or the like in a paper medium by printing or the like. For example, image data obtained by reading the paper medium with a scanner or the like is processed by a detection device, and whether or not falsification has been performed is detected based on whether or not a watermark has been extracted. In addition, confidential information or the like can be embedded as a watermark, printed on a paper medium, and delivered. The secret information embedded as a watermark cannot be seen unless it is processed by the detection device. In the present embodiment, it is mainly used for facilitating verification of the authenticity of a certificate (for example, whether or not it has been tampered with) and guaranteeing it.

  Here, each unit of the data creation management means 11 can be configured by only one or a plurality of hardware. However, in this embodiment, the data creation management means 11 is a physical means such as a CPU (Central Prosessing). It is assumed that the processing procedure of each part is programmed in advance and configured by software, firmware, etc. The arithmetic control means executes the program and performs processing based on the program, thereby realizing processing of each unit. The software for that is provided from a financial institution with which the payer is dealing, for example. At that time, the payer is notified of personal identification information such as a number for identifying the payer.

  The communication unit 12 converts a data signal transmitted via the telecommunication line 4 such as the Internet into a data signal in a format that can be processed by the data creation management unit 11. Conversely, processing for converting the data signal from the data creation management means 11 into a data signal that can be transmitted to the telecommunication line 4 is performed. The input unit 13 is, for example, a keyboard, a mouse of a pointing device, or the like, and converts a matter input as personal identification information into an input signal by the user and transmits it to the data creation management unit 11. The storage means 14 stores various data. In this embodiment, the storage means 14 further includes a payment data storage unit 14A, a delivery notice data storage unit 14B, and an image data storage unit 14C. The display unit 16 performs display based on the display signal transmitted from the data creation management unit 11.

  The image data creation unit 16 is a unit for creating image data based on an image of a sent document, such as a digital camera or a scanner. If the signal including the image data can be transmitted to the data creation management unit 11, the image data creation unit 16 does not need to be connected to the data creation management unit 11. There are various data formats proposed as image data here (for example, JPEG, TIFF, etc.), but any format can be used as long as it can be displayed, printed, embedded with a digital watermark, and the like. The printing unit 17 prints an image based on the delivery notice data included in the signal transmitted from the deposit processing device 2, for example.

  On the other hand, the deposit processing device 2 is a device provided in a financial institution that is capable of dealing with a payer who is acting as a proxy for payment to a payment target organization, and includes a deposit processing unit 21, a communication unit 22, an input unit 23, The storage unit 24, the display unit 25, and the printing unit 26 are included.

  The deposit processing means 21 includes an encryption / decryption unit 21A, a digital watermark verification unit 21B, a processing information reading unit 21C, a settlement office procedure unit 21D, and a digital watermark embedding unit 21E for printing. The encryption / decryption unit 11A decrypts the encrypted payment data, and encrypts the delivery notice data and the original mark data. Also, the digital watermark verification unit 11B extracts the personal identification information data embedded as the digital watermark from the payment data. Further, the processing information reading unit 11C causes the display unit 25 to display based on the data of the personal identification information, and for example, causes the operator to determine authenticity. It is also possible for the deposit processing means 21 to make this determination. If it is confirmed that it is authentic, the settlement office procedure part 11D performs a transfer (withdrawal) process of the amount recorded from the payer's account based on an instruction input via the input means 23. Then, the digital watermark embedding unit 11E for printing divides the payment data into the image data of the payment / delivery notice part and the image data of the original mark part, and further attaches the image data of the receipt to each. Then, a delivery notice data and original image data (hereinafter referred to as original data) are created by embedding a digital watermark for printing.

  Then, a signal including delivery notice data is transmitted to the payment data creation device 2 via the communication means 12 and the telecommunication line 4. On the other hand, for the original data, a signal including the original data is transmitted to the payment target engine apparatus 3 via the communication unit 12, the telecommunication line 4 or another telecommunication line 5, or an image based on the original data is displayed. The printing means 26 is made to print. Note that, similarly to the data creation management unit 21, the deposit processing unit 21 is programmed in advance, and the processing is realized by the calculation control unit performing processing based on the program.

  The communication unit 22, the input unit 23, the storage unit 24, the display unit 25, and the printing unit 26 basically operate in the same manner as the communication unit 12, the input unit 13, the storage unit 14, the display unit 15, and the printing unit 17, respectively. Do. However, it is assumed that the communication means 22 can also perform data signal communication with the payment target engine apparatus 3 via the telecommunication line 5 (another communication means is provided to connect with the payment target engine apparatus 3). Data signal communication may be performed). As for the storage means 24, in the present embodiment, a payment data storage unit 24A for storing payment data from the data creation management means 21, a delivery notice data that has been created, and a delivery notice for storing original data. It is assumed that the book data storage unit 24B and the original note data storage unit 24C are provided. The printing unit 26 prints an image based on the original mark data.

  The payment target engine device 3 is provided, for example, in a payment target engine. A signal including the original data transmitted from the deposit processing device 2 via the telecommunication line 5 is received by the communication unit 32 and converted into a data signal in a format that can be processed by the data processing unit 31. The data processing means 31 has at least an encryption / decryption unit 31A. The encrypted original mark data is decrypted by the encryption / decryption section 31A and stored in the original mark data storage section 34A of the storage means 34. By storing the original mark data in the storage unit 34, it is not necessary to provide a place for storing a large amount of original marks (paper medium). Moreover, it is not necessary to consider the storage environment (humidity, etc.) of the certificate without causing damage. In addition, since data can be backed up, loss due to a disaster or the like can be prevented and the original mark can be protected. Further, if necessary, the printing unit 33 can print an image based on the original mark data.

  In the system according to the present embodiment, since the paper medium is converted into image data that is electronic data at least once, tampering or the like is performed as compared to the case where all the exchange of certificates is performed on the paper medium as in the past. The environment is easy to break. For this reason, even for original notes that have not been processed in the past, an image based on the original note data in which the digital watermark for printing is embedded is sent to the payment target organization on a paper medium or the original note data is transmitted as a signal. Makes it easy to confirm whether it is authentic and guarantees it. Further, since the original mark data is not simply converted into data, but is image data, it can function as a certificate similar to the conventional one by printing on a paper medium or the like. . The above applies not only to the case where the payer converts the payment paper, which is a paper medium, into image data, but also to the case where only the necessary data to be filled in is included in the signal at the time of payment. is there.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the processing flow of this system. Based on FIG. 3, the process for payment of public money etc. including apparatuses, such as the payment data preparation apparatus 1 and the payment processing apparatus 2, is demonstrated. Here, it is assumed that transmission / reception of signals of each device via the telecommunication lines 4 and 5 is performed via the communication means 12, 22 and 32. First, a payment form is sent from the payment target organization to the payer by mail or the like (FIG. 3 (1)). The payer, for example, fills in necessary items on the payment sheet, and then creates image data of the payment sheet by the image data creation means 26 (FIG. 3 (2)). Here, the payment target institution sends the payment paper and the image data is created on the payer side by using the image data creation means 16. For example, the payment paper can be recorded by a recording means such as a CD or data signal communication. The image data may be sent to the payer. In addition to image data, a PDF format used in electronic publishing may be used. In this case, the image data creation means 16 is not particularly necessary. Then, after filling in necessary items on the payment paper printed by the printing means 27 and the like, the image data creation means 26 may create image data of the payment paper. Further, for example, when the image data can be edited and necessary items can be input via the input means 13, the payer does not necessarily have to write by hand.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of the data creation management means 11. The data creation management unit 11 performs processing for embedding a digital watermark in the created image data. First, a display signal is transmitted, and an image based on the image data is displayed on the display means 15 (S1). The payer confirms the displayed image, and if there is distortion, inclination or the like in the image, gives an instruction for correcting it through the input means 13. The image verification / correction unit 11B of the data creation management unit 11 performs correction based on the instruction (S2). Further, for example, color tone correction for correcting a place where an entry is difficult to see due to a shadow or the like, and correction processing such as enlargement or reduction as necessary.

  Next, the payer inputs the items described as the personal identification information through the input unit 13 to the data creation management unit 11 as data. The digital watermark embedding unit 11C of the data creation management unit 11 performs processing for embedding the personal identification information in the image data as data to be embedded as a digital watermark, and creates payment data (S3). The process for embedding the digital watermark can be omitted because an existing method can be used. The created payment data is stored in the payment data storage unit 14A (FIG. 3 (3)). Further, after embedding a digital watermark, the encryption / decryption unit 11A encrypts it (S4). Here, as long as security can be maintained, the type of encryption used for encryption is not particularly limited.

  Then, the data creation management unit 11 transmits a signal including payment data to the communication unit 12 (S5). The signal is transmitted to the deposit processing apparatus 2 via the telecommunication line 4 (FIG. 3 (4)). Here, for example, when the data amount of the image data is too large or too small, a standard for determining that the data signal communication, subsequent processing, etc. will be hindered, and the defined standard is not satisfied It is also possible to cause the communication means 22 to display before sending a signal and to make payment data creation again.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the processing flow of the deposit processing means 21. The encrypted payment data included in the signal transmitted from the payment data creation device 1 is stored in the payment data storage unit 24A (FIG. 3 (5)). Then, the encryption / decryption unit 21A of the deposit processing means 21 decrypts the encrypted payment data (S11). Further, the digital watermark verification unit 21B extracts the personal identification information embedded in the digital watermark (S12), and causes the display unit 25 to display an image based on the personal identification information extracted by the processing information reading unit 21C and the payment data, The operator confirms the authenticity (S13). Here, when it is not possible to confirm that the payment data is authentic, for example, a signal including data indicating that processing cannot be performed (processing impossible notification) is transmitted to the payment data creation device 1 via the electric communication line 4. (S16).

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an image based on delivered notice data and original mark data embedded with a digital watermark for printing and attached with a background pattern. FIG. 6A shows an image based on delivered notice data, and FIG. 6B shows an image based on original note data. When it is confirmed that the payment data is authentic, the settlement office procedure unit 21D performs a payment fee transfer (withdrawal) process from the account held by the payer (S14). Further, the digital watermark embedding unit 21E for printing divides the embedded digital watermark data into image data of the portion of the payment / delivery notice and image data of the original mark based on the payment data. Then, the digital watermark removing unit (not shown) removes both from the image data, adds the receipt image data, and embeds the digital watermark for printing, thereby generating the delivery notice data and the original data (S15). . The generated delivery notice data and original note data are stored in the delivery notice data storage unit 24B and the original note data storage unit 24C, respectively (FIG. 3 (6)). By embedding a digital watermark for printing in the delivered notice data and the original mark data, it is possible to guarantee the authenticity of image data that is more easily tampered than a paper medium.

  After the above processing is performed and encryption is performed by the encryption / decryption unit 11A, a signal including the delivery notice data is transmitted to the payment data creation device 1 (FIG. 3 (7)). In the payment data creation device 1 that has received the signal, for example, after the encrypted delivery notice data included in the signal is decrypted by the encryption / decryption unit 11A, it is stored in the delivery notice data storage unit 14B. . Since the digital watermark for printing is embedded, it is possible to easily check the authenticity of the paper medium that is the payment and delivery notice printed with the image based on the delivery notice data. Make it available.

  On the other hand, for the original data, a signal including the original data is transmitted to the payment target engine apparatus 3 via the communication unit 22 and the telecommunication line 5, or an image based on the original data is printed on the printing unit 26 to obtain a certificate. Is sent to the payment target institution (Fig. 3 (8)). In some cases, the recording medium on which the original mark data is recorded may be sent to the payment target organization. When a signal including the original data is transmitted, the original data is encrypted, and therefore, on the payment target engine apparatus 3 side, the original is stored in the storage unit 34 after being decrypted by the encryption / decryption unit 31A. The data is stored in the mark data storage unit 34A. In this case, there is no need to provide a storage place for the paper medium as described above. Further, even when sending a printed original note on the financial institution side, since the digital watermark for printing is embedded, the authenticity can be easily confirmed and used as a certificate. Note that the digital watermark embedded by the payment data creation apparatus 1 may be a digital watermark for printing, or may be a normal digital watermark when printing is not performed until settlement is completed. In this case, the procedure for removing the original digital watermark for printing before embedding the digital watermark for printing in the deposit processing apparatus 2 can be omitted.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the image of the payment / delivery notice and the paper with the original mark, which has conventionally been delivered and sent by paper media, is used as image data. Signals including processing of the image data and image data via the telecommunication lines 4 and 5 by the payment data creation device 1, the payment processing device 2 and the payment target engine device 3 respectively possessed by the payer, the financial institution and the payment target organization Since payments and payments (payment by credit card, etc.) were made by debiting from the payer's account, the payer does not need to go to the counter etc. and pays regardless of time, place, etc. It can be carried out.

  In addition, since the original mark that was not performed in the case of payment at the counter, etc., is handled electronically at least once, a digital watermark for printing should be embedded in consideration of the possibility of falsification by electronic conversion. Therefore, it can be stored as a certificate with high authenticity and safety. Further, if the original data is stored in the storage unit 34 with the digitized data as it is, it is not necessary to provide a place for storing a large amount of original marks. Further, there is no damage or the like, and the storage environment need not be taken into consideration. Further, since data backup can be easily performed, data can be protected.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment described above, only the personal identification information notified in advance is embedded as data in the digital watermark. In the first embodiment, the image data is created by the image data creation means 16 after the payer has entered the payer name and payment amount. In this case, the name of the payer, the amount paid, etc. appear in the image based on the image data. On the other hand, in addition to detecting tampering etc., the electronic watermark has a method of embedding and concealing information to be protected as an electronic watermark so that only a limited person can extract it.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, data (information) to be protected is concealed by embedding at least data relating to the individual payer and matters relating to the payment amount as a digital watermark instead of or together with the personal identification information. It is what. Since the hidden part is not displayed when viewed from a person who cannot extract the digital watermark, it is difficult to perform tampering or the like. Accordingly, it is possible to further improve safety (security) related to privacy protection and prevent tampering.

  The payer designates the range to be concealed via the input means 13 based on the image of the payment paper displayed on the display means 15. The image data in the specified range is cut out. Then, the digital watermark embedding unit 11B performs a process of embedding the cut image data as a digital watermark. The payment data creation device 1 transmits a signal including the created payment data via the telecommunication line 4 as in the first embodiment.

  On the other hand, in the deposit processing apparatus 2 on the financial institution side, the printing digital watermark embedding unit 21E performs processing for embedding as a digital watermark for printing within the range to be concealed, and creates delivery notice data and original mark data Can be processed. And the signal containing each data can be transmitted via the telecommunication lines 4 and 5. FIG. Even in this case, since the image of the concealed portion is not displayed, it is difficult to perform tampering and the like, and tampering prevention and safety improvement by privacy protection can be achieved.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
The above-described embodiment has been described for the case where it is applied to payment of public money to a public institution. However, the present invention is not limited to payment by a public institution. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a case where payment by transfer of a commodity price such as mail order is performed through a credit sales company or the like.

  In such a case, a barcode is often printed on a transfer sheet sent by mail from a sales company or the like. Usually, on the side of a credit sales company or the like, a processing device performs processing based on data obtained from a barcode by a barcode reading device (not shown). Therefore, in the above-described embodiment, the image verification / correction unit 11B verifies and corrects the image data created by the image data creation unit 26. When correcting the image data, the barcode can be read. It is good to correct it until it becomes a level image. However, even if the bar code cannot be read, the operator can input the contents of the bar code as data via the input means, and therefore it may not always be necessary to correct until the bar code can be read. If the user can recognize the contents of the bar code, the data obtained from the bar code is included in the signal and transmitted to the device on the credit sales company side via the telecommunication line 4. Good.

It is a block diagram of the money_receiving | payment processing system which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing an example of the paper sent from a payment object organization. It is a figure for demonstrating the flow of a process of this system. It is a figure showing the flow of a process of the data creation management means. It is a figure showing the flow of a process of the money_receiving | payment process means. It is a figure showing the image based on the delivery notice data and the original mark data to which the background pattern of the digital watermark for printing was attached.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Payment data creation apparatus 11 Data creation management means 11A Encryption / decryption part 11B Image verification / correction part 11C Digital watermark embedding part 11D Delivery notice data management part 12, 22, 32 Communication means 13, 23 Input means 14, 24, 34 storage means 14A, 24A payment data storage sections 14B, 24B delivered notice data storage section 14C image data storage sections 24C, 34A original data storage sections 15, 25 display means 16 image data creation means 17, 26, 33 printing means 2 Deposit processing device 21 Deposit processing means 21A Encryption / decryption unit 21B Digital watermark verification unit 21C Processing information reading unit 21D Settlement office procedure unit 21E Digital watermark embedding unit for payment 3 Payment target engine device 31 Data processing unit 31A Encryption / decryption unit 34A Original data storage unit 4, 5 Telecommunications line

Claims (8)

A process of creating image data of a certificate for notifying receipt of payment or receipt of payment including data of a digital watermark for printing;
A digital watermark for printing is transmitted based on the image data of the certificate to transmit a signal including the image data of the certificate via a telecommunication line to be stored in the storage means of the deposit object or to be sent to the deposit object. A deposit processing method, comprising: printing a certificate including the certificate. A digital watermark embedding unit for printing that creates image data of a certificate for notifying receipt of money to the subject of payment based on image data of a document related to payment, including data of a digital watermark for printing;
A depositing processing apparatus comprising: a transmitting unit configured to transmit a signal including the image data of the certificate via a telecommunication line in order to store the image data of the certificate in a storage unit of the deposit target.   3. The deposit processing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a printing unit that prints the certificate including a digital watermark for printing based on image data of the certificate for sending to the deposit target.   4. The deposit processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the image data of the designated portion of the certificate is the digital watermark data for printing.   5. The deposit processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an account transfer process is performed based on image data of a document related to deposit.   6. The digital watermark embedding means for printing further creates image data of a payment notice including data for digital watermark for printing based on image data of documents relating to payment. The deposit processing apparatus according to the above. Established in the financial institution that represents the payment of charges to the payment target, and notifies the payment target of receipt or payment based on the image data of the document related to the payment included in the signal transmitted via the telecommunication line A deposit processing device that creates image data of a certificate for printing including digital watermark data for printing, and transmits a signal including the image data of the certificate via the telecommunication line or another telecommunication line;
A deposit processing system comprising: a storage device that is provided in the deposit target and stores image data of the certificate included in the signal. Concealing means for creating image data in which the designated area of the document related to payment is made invisible, and creating the image data in the designated area as image data by including the designated area in the image data invisible And a payment data creation device that transmits the generated image data as image data of a document related to payment to the payment processing device as a signal including image data of the document related to payment. The deposit processing system according to claim 7.

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