JP2005251154A - Information processing medium, data communication system, and data communication method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information processing medium preventing a locking state of a CPU, a data communication system, and a data communication method. <P>SOLUTION: When intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from a reading device or a reading and writing device is greater than a designated value, sufficient energy is supplied to circuits 5, 6, and 26 having an influence on a communication distance. When energy supplied from the reading device or the reading and writing device to the information processing medium is lower than a designated value, a power source supplied to the circuits 5, 6, and 26 having an influence on a communication distance is stopped. Consequently, insufficient supply of energy to the circuits 5, 6, and 26 having an influence on a communication distance is not carried out, and the locking state of the CPU 2 is prevented. By reducing the amount of energy absorbed by the information processing medium, the communication distance is extended in response to such an extent, since contraction of a remote distance radiation pattern of a radio wave emitted from the reading device or the reading and writing device is lessened. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an information processing medium such as a non-contact IC card and a combination card, a data communication system, and a data communication method.

A medium such as a non-contact IC card or a combination card having a function of a non-contact IC card and a function of a contact IC card, and a data communication system using the medium are widespread (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). ).
For example, the period of validity or boarding of a commuter pass between a non-contact IC card and an automatic ticket gate by bringing a non-contact IC card as a commuter pass closer to a predetermined position to an automatic ticket gate located at a ticket gate of a railway It is designed to determine whether or not the user of the non-contact IC card can pass through the ticket gate by exchanging data such as sections.

In general, the operation of an IC card is mainly an operation that requires energy to drive a coprocessor or write data to an EEPROM (hereinafter referred to as “heavy operation”) in addition to a basic operation for driving a CPU. An operation that requires less energy than a heavy operation that drives a circuit other than a write operation (for example, a read operation of a RAM or an EEPROM) such as a coprocessor or a semiconductor memory such as an EEPROM, FeRAM, or EPROM (hereinafter, “ It can be classified as “light operation”. Further, the processing time may be about several milliseconds for a light operation, whereas it may take several hundred milliseconds for a heavy operation.
Here, the positional relationship between the non-contact IC card and the reading / writing device (hereinafter referred to as “R / W”) will be described.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the relationship between the non-contact IC card and the R / W.
In the figure, a hatched portion 100 indicates the R / W antenna side, 101a to 101f indicate non-contact IC cards, a circle 102a indicates a region (radiation pattern) having a high electric field strength (magnetic field), and a circle 102b indicates an electric field. An actual radiation pattern showing a region (far-field radiation pattern) having a weak intensity (magnetic field) is complicated and differs depending on the position of the non-contact IC card and the processing content.

  The non-contact IC cards 101a to 101f can perform a light operation from the moment they enter the magnetic field 102b generated by a reading / writing reader (hereinafter referred to as “R / W”), but perform a heavy operation as they are. If it must, the non-contact IC card must be located in the magnetic field 102a (101d, 101e, 101f), and if the non-contact IC card passes only in the magnetic field 102b (101a-101c), R Insufficient power supply from / W100 (decrease in radio wave intensity) occurs, and the CPUs of the non-contact IC cards 101a to 101c are erroneously locked.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between frequency and reflected power in a non-contact IC card, where the horizontal axis indicates the frequency and the vertical axis indicates the reflected power.
In the figure, it can be seen that the reflected power takes a minimum value at the resonance frequency of 13.56 MHz. That is, this figure shows the energy change of the R / W when passing through the surface of the R / W through the non-contact IC card. A straight line L110 parallel to the frequency axis indicates a case where the non-contact IC card is outside the range of R / W radio waves (outside the magnetic field 102b, see FIG. 10), and a curve L111 indicates that the non-contact IC card is R / W radio waves. This shows a case within the range (within the magnetic field 102a, see FIG. 10), indicating that the non-contact IC card absorbs R / W radio waves.

Once the CPU of the non-contact IC card 101a to 101c is locked, it must wait for a timeout on the reading device or reading / writing device side, and a considerable time (usually 2 to 3 seconds) until the CPU is restarted. This is very inconvenient for users of contactless cards. In order to prevent such a CPU lock, in the conventional technology, the CPU of the non-contact IC card 101b is forcibly applied at the first stage (101b) when the non-contact IC card 101a enters the R / W magnetic field 102b. When the non-contact IC card 101b is in a state (101e) where sufficient magnetic field energy can be obtained, the CPU of the non-contact IC card 101e is operated, that is, an artificial delay is caused. It was broken.
JP 2002-109494 A JP 2003-308500 A JP 2002-109493 A

However, although the above-described prior art can prevent the CPU of the non-contact IC card from being locked to some extent, it is locked between the time when the user approaches the R / W and passes through the non-contact IC card. There was a thing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a medium, a data communication system, and a data communication method that prevent the CPU from being locked.

  In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is directed to at least non-contact communication means of contact communication means and non-contact communication means, and a non-contact communication means to issue from a reader or a read / write device. Monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of the electromagnetic wave generated, and extension means for extending the communication distance by stopping the supply of power to a circuit that affects the communication distance if the electrical energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value And.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the reading device or the reading / writing device is higher than a predetermined value, sufficient energy is supplied to the circuit that affects the communication distance. When the energy supplied from the writing device to the information processing medium is lower than a predetermined value, the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance is stopped. As a result, insufficient energy is not supplied to the circuit that affects the communication distance, and the CPU is prevented from being locked.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, an error code signal is generated when power supply to a circuit that affects the communication distance is stopped.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact communication means includes an antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves, and rectification and stabilization for converting the electromagnetic waves to electrical energy connected to the antennas. And a modulation / demodulation circuit that operates with electrical energy from the rectification / stabilization circuit.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, the extension means is connected to the rectifying / stabilizing circuit, and the power monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of the electromagnetic wave; And stop means for stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance based on the output from the power monitoring means.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the circuit that affects the communication distance is at least a coprocessor or a memory.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the fifth aspect of the present invention, the memory is a blocked semiconductor memory, and the coprocessor is a processor having a security function, a payment function, or a file function. .

  The invention described in claim 7 is at least non-contact communication means of contact communication means and non-contact communication means, and monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means. And adjusting means for adjusting connection states and capacities of a plurality of types of passive elements constituting the resonance circuit used for the non-contact communication means.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to claim 7, wherein the adjusting means includes at least one passive element inserted into the resonance circuit, and the passive element is connected in series and parallel to the resonance circuit. Or, when the electronic switch that performs the disconnection and the circuit that affects the communication distance are activated, the impedance of the resonance circuit is set to be higher than a predetermined value, and the circuit that affects the communication distance is deactivated. Storage means storing a program for causing the impedance of the resonance circuit to be lower than a predetermined value; and signal generation means for generating a control signal to the electronic switch according to the program stored in the storage means. And

  The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the adjusting means includes at least one passive element inserted in the resonance circuit, and the passive element is connected in series to the resonance circuit. An electronic switch that performs parallel connection or disconnection, and a control signal for making the impedance of the resonance circuit higher than a normal value is supplied to the electronic switch when the electrical energy of the electromagnetic wave obtained by the monitoring means is lower than a threshold value Switching automatic control means.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the seventh to ninth aspects, the adjusting means has the electric power when the electric energy by the electromagnetic wave obtained by the monitoring means exceeds the processing capability. The resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is shifted by switching the electronic switch so that the energy is less than the processing capacity.

  The invention according to claim 11 is at least non-contact communication means of contact communication means and non-contact communication means, monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means, When the electric energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value, an extension means for extending the communication distance by stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance, and when power is supplied to the circuit An information processing medium having an error code generating means for generating an error code signal, and when the information processing medium generates the error code, the information processing medium is read by the reader or the read / write by a user of the information processing medium Reading device having a calling means for calling attention to approach, contact or pause the device Properly it is characterized in that and a read / write device.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided at least non-contact communication means of contact communication means and non-contact communication means, and monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means. , An information processing medium comprising adjustment means for adjusting connection states and capacities of a plurality of types of passive elements constituting the resonance circuit used in the non-contact communication means, and reading for exchanging data with the information processing medium And a reading / writing device.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the information processing medium extends the communication distance by stopping the supply of power to a circuit that affects the communication distance when the electrical energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value. And an error code generating means for generating an error code signal when power is supplied to the circuit, and the reading device or reading / writing device, when the information processing medium generates the error code, The information processing medium is provided with a calling means for alerting a user of the information processing medium to approach, contact, or pause the information processing medium to the reading device or the reading / writing device.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to the eleventh or thirteenth aspect, the non-contact communication means includes an antenna for receiving an electromagnetic wave, and a rectifier for connecting the electromagnetic wave to electric energy. It has a stabilization circuit and a modulation / demodulation circuit that operates with electric energy from the rectification / stabilization circuit.

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the eleventh, thirteenth and fourteenth aspects, the extension means is connected to the rectifying / stabilizing circuit and monitors the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. And stop means for stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance based on the output from the power supply monitoring means.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the eleventh and thirteenth to fifteenth aspects, the circuit that affects the communication distance is at least a coprocessor or a memory.

  The invention according to claim 17 is the invention according to any one of claims 11, 13 to 16, wherein the memory is a block semiconductor memory, and the coprocessor has a security function, a payment function, or a file function. It is the processor which has.

  In the invention according to claim 18, the information processing medium monitors the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the reading device or the reading / writing device, and if the energy is lower than a predetermined value, the power supply to the circuit that affects the communication distance is detected. When the supply is stopped to extend the communication distance and an error code signal is generated and the information processing medium generates the error code, the reading device or the reading / writing device informs the user of the information processing medium to the information processing Attention is drawn to causing the medium to approach, touch or pause the reading device or reading / writing device.

  According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, an information processing medium including at least a non-contact communication unit among a contact communication unit and a non-contact communication unit monitors the intensity of an electromagnetic wave emitted from a reading device or a reading / writing device, and Adjusting the connection state and the capacity of at least one passive element inserted in the resonance circuit used for the non-contact communication means, so that the reading device or the reading / writing device exchanges data with the information processing medium; Features.

  A twentieth aspect of the present invention is the information processing medium according to the nineteenth aspect, wherein the information processing medium supplies power to a circuit that affects a communication distance when the electric energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value. The communication distance is extended by stopping, and when the power is supplied to the circuit, an error code signal is generated, and when the information processing medium generates the error code, the reading device or reading / writing device, The information processing medium user is alerted to bring the information processing medium closer to, in contact with, or suspended from the reading device or the reading / writing device.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the information processing medium according to the nineteenth or twentieth aspect, the information processing medium is a power supply to a circuit that affects a communication distance when the electric energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value. The communication distance is extended by stopping the supply, and when the power to the circuit is supplied, an error code signal is generated, and the reading device or reading / writing device generates the error code when the information processing medium generates the error code. The information processing medium is alerted to the user to make the information processing medium approach, contact or pause the reading apparatus or the reading / writing apparatus.

The invention according to claim 22 is the invention according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the circuit that affects the communication distance is at least a coprocessor or a memory, Alternatively, the power supply to both circuits is stopped as necessary.
Here, in the non-contact IC card, conventionally, since electric energy is supplied even to an unused EEPROM or the like, the communication distance of the non-contact IC card is limited.
In the present invention, in the non-contact IC card, since the electric energy supplied to the unused EEPROM, coprocessor, etc. is sent to the communication means, the communication distance can be extended.

When the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the reading device or the reading / writing device is higher than a predetermined value, sufficient energy is supplied to the circuit that affects the communication distance, and the energy supplied from the reading device or the reading / writing device to the medium is increased. When the value is lower than the predetermined value, the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance is stopped. As a result, the supply of insufficient energy to the circuit that affects the communication distance and the stoppage in the middle are prevented, and the CPU is prevented from being locked.
Further, by adjusting the connection state and the capacitance of a plurality of types of passive elements constituting the resonance circuit used in the non-contact communication means to change at least one of the impedance and the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit, The excessive supply or shortage of electrical energy obtained from the writing device is reduced, and the CPU is prevented from being locked.

  The object of providing an information processing medium, a data communication system, and a data communication method that prevent the CPU from being locked is realized.

(Example)
The present invention relates to a medium, a data communication system, and a data communication method that react faster than an artificially created delay time as in the prior art, and is a distance traveled by radio waves emitted from the medium, that is, a communication distance. This improves the usability of the medium having the non-contact communication means. The communication distance of a medium having non-contact communication means greatly affects its ease of use.
Therefore, the present invention provides a power supply for a memory that requires a coprocessor (hereinafter referred to as “co-pro”) as a circuit that has the heaviest power load and affects the communication distance in order to extend the communication distance, and a memory that requires a write operation. Is disconnected and connected as necessary.

The present invention has a mechanism in which a power supply monitoring unit is newly provided in an information processing medium (also referred to as a medium) to monitor and analyze the intensity of the received radio wave power and supply power to the inside as necessary. . The power control logic is in charge of switching the power of the co-pro on and off. A firewall is designed between each application to maintain security, such as a Java (registered trademark) card or a Martos (registered trademark) card, in the medium. Since the supply is not performed, the EEPROM of the unused portion is protected by a firewall (software) and a double protection of protecting the current supply (software or hardware). As a result, security is greatly improved.
In addition, since the electric energy that has been supplied to the unused EEPROM in the past is sent to the communication means, the communication distance of the information processing medium can be extended.

  In a non-contact IC card (or a combination card having both a non-contact IC card function and a contact IC card function) as a medium, the EEPROM is blocked. For example, if one block is set to 4 Kbytes and the application App1 does not exceed the code + data size of 8 Kbytes, the application App1 occupies two blocks. Only when the application App1 is selected and operated, the power of the corresponding two block units is turned on. In this method, the power of the EEPROM block storing an application unrelated to processing is turned off, so that data is not read illegally and security is kept extremely high. The memory block may be realized by either software or hardware.

FIG. 1 is a principle view showing an embodiment of the medium of the present invention.
In this embodiment, a case where a non-contact IC card is used as a medium will be described.
In the figure, a power line 1 supplied from a reading device or a reading / writing device is connected to a power control logic CPU / RAM 2 and is blocked through analog switches (also called electronic switches) 3 and 4 as switching elements. Are connected to an EEPROM (EEPROM1, EEPROM2,...) 5 and a coprocessor (hereinafter referred to as “co-pro”) 6. The control signal line of the power control logic CPU / RAM 2 is connected to the control input terminals of both analog switches 3 and 4.
When the non-contact IC card is in a strong magnetic field, the control signal is not applied from the power control logic CPU / RAM 2 to both analog switches 3 and 4, and both analog switches 3 and 4 are turned on. A power source is applied to the co-processor 6 that performs the above and the like together with the CPU / RAM 2 in which the power source control logic is incorporated.

On the other hand, when the non-contact IC card is in a weak magnetic field, a control signal is applied from the CPU / RAM 2 to both analog switches 3 and 4, both analog switches 3 and 4 are turned OFF, and the EEPROM 5 and the coprocessor The power to 6 is turned off. Note that power is applied to the CPU / RAM 2.
The coprocessor 6 consumes power close to that of the CPU / RAM 2. The EEPROM 5 consumes a small amount of power when writing data, although it consumes little power when reading data.
Therefore, both analog switches 3 and 4 are turned on and off as necessary.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The thick line shown in the figure is a power line.
A non-contact IC card as a medium shown in FIG. 1 includes a built-in antenna (for example, a loop antenna, a folded dipole antenna) 20, a rectification / stabilization circuit 21, a power monitoring circuit 22, a power control circuit 23, and analog switches 24a, 24b, 24c. 24f, CPU 25, co-pro 26, RAM 27, ROM 28, EEPROM (EEPROM Block 1 (29a), EEPROM Block 2 (29b), ..., EEPROM Block 6 (29f)) 5 and modulation / demodulation as non-contact communication means A circuit 30 is included. Further, the power supply monitoring circuit 22 and the power supply control circuit 23 constitute extension means.
The built-in antenna 20 is connected to a rectification / stabilization circuit 21. The rectification / stabilization circuit 21 converts magnetic field (high frequency magnetic field) energy absorbed by the built-in antenna 20 into electrical energy, and rectifies high frequency current generated by the high frequency magnetic field into direct current using, for example, a diode (not shown), thereby producing a Zener diode or transistor. (Not shown).

The rectified and stabilized electrical energy is monitored by the power supply monitoring circuit 22 as a DC voltage. That is, the power supply monitoring circuit 22 monitors whether the magnetic field received by the non-contact IC card is strong by monitoring whether the output of the rectification / stabilization circuit 21 exceeds a threshold value. The power monitoring circuit 22 outputs the monitoring status to the power control circuit 23.
The power supply control circuit 23 controls ON / OFF of the analog switches 24a, 24b, 24c,..., 24f in accordance with the monitoring status from the power supply monitoring circuit 22. That is, the power from the rectification / stabilization circuit 21 is supplied to the co-processor 26 when the analog switch 24a is ON, and the power from the rectification / stabilization circuit 21 is supplied to the EEPROM and Block 1 (29a) when the analog switch 24b is ON. When the analog switch 24c is ON, the power from the rectifying / stabilizing circuit 21 is supplied to the EEPROM Block 2 (29b) of the EEPROM 5.
The analog switches 24a, 24b, 24c,..., 24f are turned on when a control signal is applied to the control input terminal (arrow side), and turned off when the application of the control signal is stopped.

  The CPU 25 performs overall control of the members 21 to 29f, and the co-processor 26 performs processing other than the processing of the CPU 25, for example, encryption processing such as encryption and decryption. The CPU 25 and the co-pro 26 are circuits that affect the communication distance of the non-contact IC card. However, if the CPU 25 itself does not operate, the non-contact IC card itself does not operate at all. Is one of the circuits that affect Note that the processing function of the co-processor 26 is not limited to the cryptographic processing, and may include a security function, a settlement function, or a file function.

  The security function is subject to change depending on the security level setting, but identification cards, time cards, qualification history, personnel management, health management, operator cards, life insurance, etc., and payment functions include credit cards, Processing of prepaid cards, electronic passbooks, farm banking, home banking, shopping cards, gift certificates, meal tickets, commuter passes / multiple tickets (vehicles), telephone cards, toll road pass tickets, and the like. The file function includes asset management, production management, electronic telephone book, electronic memo, program card processing, and the like.

The RAM 27 temporarily stores data.
The ROM 28 stores an OS (operating system) of a non-contact IC card.
EEPROM Block 1 (29a), EEPROM Block 2 (29b),... Are blocks in which the EEPROM 5 is divided into a plurality of blocks, and different applications App1, App2,.
The CPU 25, the RAM 27, and the ROM 28 are connected to the rectifying / stabilizing circuit 21 through power lines, respectively, and a DC voltage is applied thereto.

The co-processor 26 and the EEPROM 5 are applied with the DC voltage from the rectifying / stabilizing circuit 21 only when the control signal from the power supply control circuit 23 is applied.
FIG. 3 is a memory space diagram of the EEPROM and ROM shown in FIG.
The EEPROM 5 is composed of a plurality of EEPROM blocks 1 (29a), EEPROM block 2 (29b),..., EEPROM block 6 (29f) (in the figure, six, but not limited to). 24c,..., 24f are connected to the rectification / stabilization circuit 21 (see FIG. 2).

In the EEPROM block 1 (29a) and the EEPROM block 2 (29b), the application App1 is divided and stored, and the EEPROM block 3 (29c),
In the EEPROM block 4 (29d) and the EEPROM block 5 (29e), the application App2 is divided into three and stored. A firewall for security protection is provided between these two applications App1 and App2. Note that no application is stored in the EEPROM block 6 (29f).
In such a case, since the EEPROM block 6 (29f) is not used unless a new application is written, a control signal is applied to the control input terminal of the analog switch 24f connected to the EEPROM block 6 (29f). Is not applied, and the DC voltage from the rectifying / stabilizing circuit 21 is not applied. Therefore, the power consumption can be reduced by the amount of the EEPROM block 6 (29f).

FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the EEPROM shown in FIG.
In EEPROM, JAVA (registered trademark) or MULTIS (registered trademark) VM (virtual machine) is provided in COS (Chip OS) as hardware, and multiple applications App1 and App2 are separated from each other by a firewall on the VM. Is provided.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of the application App1 shown in FIG.
The application App1 in the EEPROM has a master file MF1, files DF1 and DF2 are provided below the master file MF1, files IEF12, DF11, IEF11, WEF11, and WEF12 are provided below the file DF1. Files IEF21 and WEF2 are provided below. For example, a key (secret key / public key) is stored in the file IEF 11, and a balance, a commuter pass validity period, and the like are stored in the file WEF 11.
These files MF1, MF2, DF11, IEF11, WEF11, etc. are selected by a select signal from the CPU.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for blocking the EEPROM shown in FIG.
When the non-contact IC card receives the select application command, the card manager turns on the power of the use area of the application.
In the example shown in FIG. 3, software is selected so that APP1 is selected and electric energy is supplied only to the EEPROM blocks 1 and 2, and electric energy is not supplied to the EEPROM blocks 3 to 6 other than APP1. Therefore, the data in the EEPROM blocks 3 to 6 cannot be accessed from the outside.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the reading / writing device and the processing capability.
Reference numeral 70 denotes a surface on the antenna side of the R / W, and reference numeral 71 denotes a region (light operation region) showing a far-field radiation pattern on the surface 70 side. When the non-contact IC card enters the far-field radiation pattern from a far distance, The contact IC card receives radio waves from the R / W and starts up, and the non-contact IC card issues a REQB signal as ID information. A region where the height H1 from the surface 70 is the diameter of the region 71 is a region where the REQB signal can be operated.
Reference numeral 72 denotes a region whose diameter is a height H2 (H2 <H1) from the surface 70, and is a region where the non-contact IC card can respond to a select signal.
Reference numeral 73 denotes an area whose diameter is a height H3 (H3 <H2 <H1) from the surface 70, and is an area (a heavy operation area) in which the non-contact IC card performs encryption processing and the like. The region 73 is a region that performs an operation that requires intermediate energy between the region 71 that is a light operation region and the region 73 that is a heavy operation region, and is referred to as a middle operation region here. Therefore, the magnitude relationship of the energy required for performing a certain operation of the non-contact IC card is: suppliable energy in region 71 <suppliable energy in region 62 <suppliable energy in region 73.

That is, as shown in the sequence diagram of FIG. 8, when the non-contact IC card enters the area 71 from a distance, it turns itself on, receives the REQB signal from the R / W, determines the AFI of the REQB, If it is suitable for REQB, ATQB is returned. This area 71 is an area that can be operated with extremely low pro and call level energy.
An area in which signals such as all commands and responses can be exchanged between the non-contact IC card and the R / W is a heavy operation area, and an area 72 in which all operations can be performed. An area that can be operated only for a part of commands (select) is a middle operation area (area excluding area 73 from area 72).
FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram between the non-contact IC card and the reading / writing device.

Next, the operation of the data communication system using the information processing medium of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a data communication method using the information processing medium of the present invention.
When the non-contact IC card enters the R / W area 71 (FIG. 7) from a distance, the non-contact IC card receives radio waves from the R / W. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 9, the non-contact IC card turns on the power using the magnetic field energy of the radio wave (step S1).
When the power is turned on, the non-contact IC card receives a REQB signal from the R / W, and transmits a select signal to the R / W when transmitting an ATQB signal to the R / W. In the non-contact IC card, it is unclear at which stage the non-contact IC card itself is located. In order to prevent erroneous lock of the CPU, the co-pro (and the unused EEPROM block) is turned off (step S2). .

When the non-contact IC card receives a command from the R / W (step S3), the R / W determines whether or not the command stable power flag is turned on. (Step S4). If the non-contact IC card determines that the command stable power flag is turned on in step S4 (step S4 / Yes), the non-contact IC card turns on the stable power flag (step S5) and returns to step S4.
The non-contact IC card determines whether or not a process requiring a co-pro is performed in step S4 (step S4), and if it is determined that a co-pro is not required (step S4 / No), the co-pro is required. Processing that is not performed (for example, automatic ticket gate processing) is performed (step S8), and the processing returns to step S2 after the processing is completed.

Here, the setting of whether or not to perform a process that requires a co-pro is determined in advance according to what process the user performs with the non-contact IC card. For example, when a contactless IC card is used for an automatic ticket gate of a railway, that is, when it is used for a simple subtraction type billing process, a co-pro is not necessary, but in the case of a credit transaction such as purchase of goods. Needs co-pro.
When the non-contact IC card performs a process requiring co-production in step S4 (step S4 / Yes), it is determined whether or not the stable power flag is ON (step S5).

If it is determined that the stable power flag is ON (step S5 / Yes), the non-contact IC card turns on the co-pro power supply (step S6) and performs a process requiring co-pro (for example, encryption process). (Step S7) After the process is completed, the process returns to Step S2.
On the other hand, when the non-contact IC card determines that the stable power flag is not ON in step S5 (step S5 / No), an error code is transmitted to the R / W (step S9), and the process proceeds to step S2. Return.

The non-contact IC card performs the operations in steps S1 to S9 described above to determine whether or not the co-pro can be activated when performing the process requiring the co-pro. In addition, since the co-pro is turned on, power for the co-pro until the co-pro is turned on is not consumed.
In the conventional non-contact IC card, if the non-contact IC card is not positioned at the position of 102a which is an area where the co-pro operates, the non-contact IC card is locked, but in the non-contact IC card of the present invention, Even if it is located in the area 102b shown in FIG. 10, since the co-pro is not operated, the non-contact IC card is not locked, and the non-contact IC card can be operated. The communication distance of the contact IC card is extended.

Also, the non-contact IC card returns an error code to the R / W, so that the user of the non-contact IC card on the R / W side should make the non-contact IC card approach, contact or pause the R / W. A touching means (such as a display panel, patrol light, buzzer, chime, speech synthesis LSI) is provided, and a message such as light, sound, or “Please bring the card closer” is sent to the user without contact. The IC card can be supplied with stable power from the R / W, and erroneous lock of the CPU of the non-contact IC card is prevented.
In this embodiment, the system using the non-contact IC card and the R / W has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this and is applied to a system using the non-contact IC card and the reading device. Alternatively, the present invention may be applied to a combination card or IC tag having both a non-contact IC card function and a contact IC card function as a medium. Further, the data communication system may be applied to an automatic ticket gate at a station, an article purchase system, or a toll road toll collection system.

By the way, in a non-contact IC card, when data communication is performed with R / W by electromagnetic induction and power is supplied by electromagnetic induction, there is a problem that it is very difficult to stably supply the power. A contactless IC card requires the most energy when operating a co-processor such as a cryptographic calculation. If a large amount of energy can be obtained from the R / W within this co-pro operation time, the operating environment of the non-contact IC card should be improved and it will be possible to prevent CPU lock due to insufficient power supply.
Conventionally, when designing a built-in antenna (coil) of a non-contact IC card, it has been designed for the purpose of balancing in order to efficiently receive energy and receive data. In order to realize this purpose, the antenna pattern width has been reduced to increase the resistance value. In this case, however, the antenna cannot be changed after the card is formed.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and impedance in a resonance circuit including a part of an antenna used for a normal non-contact IC card. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents impedance.
As shown in the figure, the impedance characteristic curve L120 has a substantially normal curve shape with a peak value of 10Ω, for example.
By the way, when the non-contact IC card gets too close to the R / W, a phenomenon occurs in which the CPU stops due to exceeding the capacity limit of the circuit that releases the electric energy obtained from the R / W.

  Therefore, the present inventors tried to adjust the resonance state of the antenna part of the non-contact IC card to an optimum state. The power supply to the non-contact IC card is achieved by adjusting the amount of electrical energy received from the R / W while maintaining the impedance Z, Q and resonance frequency of the resonance circuit on the card side in an optimal state. It stabilizes. Examples thereof will be described below.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the start and end of a coil 130 as an antenna are connected to terminals P1 and P5 of the IC module. Capacitors (chip capacitors) 131 are connected to the terminals P1 and P2 (externally attached: hereinafter, external means outside the IC chip but inside the IC module), and the terminals P1 to P5 are ICs. It is connected to the chip 139. I
A coil (for example, a spiral coil made of an aluminum pattern) 132, a variable resistance circuit 133, and a capacitor (for example, a MOS capacitor) 134 are formed on the C chip 139, and are connected in series. Both ends of the coil 132 are connected to both input / output terminals (white circles in the figure) of the electronic switch 135 and are connected to terminals P4 and P5. The resistance output terminal of the variable resistance circuit 133 is connected to the terminals P3 and P4. Both ends of the capacitor 134 are connected to both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 136 and to terminals P2 and P3. The IC chip 139 is formed with a CPU 138 and a receiving unit 137. The input terminal side of the receiving unit is connected to the terminals P1 and P2, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the CPU 138. The output terminal of the CPU 138 is connected to control input terminals (arrows) of the electronic switches 135 and 136 via control lines, and is connected to the input terminal of the variable resistance circuit 133 via bus lines.
The coil 132, the variable resistance circuit 133, the capacitor 134, the electronic switch 135, and the CPU 138 constitute an adjusting unit.

Next, the operation of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 13 will be described.
FIG. 14 is an example of a flowchart showing the operation of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 15 and 16 are diagrams showing the relationship between the frequency and impedance in the resonance circuit of the information processing medium shown in FIG. In FIG. 15, the horizontal axis indicates the frequency, and the vertical axis indicates the impedance.

  In the block diagram shown in FIG. 13, it is assumed that the electronic switches 135 and 136 are normally open, and the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit 133 is an intermediate value. A program for performing the operation according to the flowchart is stored in a ROM (not shown) in the IC chip.

(When a non-contact IC card gets too close to the R / W)
First, a data communication combined type resonance circuit is formed as an initial state. In this case, the receiving unit 137 detects that the non-contact IC card is located in the strong electric field region, and the CPU 138 minimizes the impedance Z of the resonance circuit (minimizes Q) so that the variable resistance circuit 133 can be used. The resistance value which is the output of is substantially “0”. At this time, the impedance characteristic curve of the resonance circuit shifts from L120 indicated by the wavy line to L150 indicated by the solid line (at this time, Q is low, see FIG. 15). As a result, excess electric energy hardly flows into the IC chip 139 and is consumed as thermal energy in the resonance circuit, and the CPU 138 is prevented from being locked (step V1).
Next, when the data communication combined type resonance circuit is formed, the CPU 138 determines whether or not the transmission / reception of the command CMD is completed (step V2), and when it is determined that the transmission / reception is completed (step V2 / Y) Switch to a power absorption dedicated resonance circuit. That is, the CPU 138 changes the resistance value that is the output of the variable resistance circuit 133 to the maximum value. At this time, the impedance characteristic curve of the resonance circuit shifts from L150 indicated by a solid line to L120 indicated by a broken line (at this time, Q becomes high, see FIG. 15). When CPU 138 determines in step V2 that command transmission / reception has not been completed (step V2 / N), it waits.

When the resonance circuit is switched to the power absorption dedicated resonance circuit, the CPU 138 performs a process requiring a coprocessor that affects the communication distance, such as an encryption process and a security process, inside the card. In processing such as encryption, a larger current flows in the IC chip 139 than in data communication, so that sufficient power must be supplied from the resonance circuit to the IC chip 139 (step V4).
After the processing such as encryption is completed in the card, the CPU 138 switches to the data communication / resonance circuit (step V5), transmits a response (step V6), returns to step V2, and ends.

FIG. 17 shows waveforms of signals supplied to the IC chip in the operation shown in FIG.
In FIG. 17, the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is amplitude.
Time T2 (CMD) and time T4 (Rsp) are time periods in which data is exchanged between the non-contact IC card and the R / W, and large electric energy that activates co-pro which affects the communication distance. It is a time zone that does not require. In the time periods T2 and T4, the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit 133 is the minimum value “0”, and the impedance Z of the resonance circuit is the minimum value (Q is also the minimum value). For this reason, the amplitude of the signal is reduced.
On the other hand, times T1, T3, and T5 are time zones that require a relatively large amount of electrical energy because signals are processed inside the non-contact IC card. At the time values T1, T3, and T5, the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit 133 is the maximum value, and the impedance Z of the resonance circuit is the maximum value (Q is also the maximum value). For this reason, the amplitude of the signal is increased.
In the above, even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, stable power is supplied to the non-contact IC card. As a result, the CPU 138 is prevented from being locked.

(When the non-contact IC card is far from the R / W)
Next, the operation when the non-contact IC card is far from the R / W will be described.
When the non-contact IC card is far from the R / W, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic waves received by the non-contact IC card from the R / W is reduced, so that the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is shifted to 13.56 MHz or the impedance Z By increasing Q (increasing Q), it is possible to stabilize the supply of power to the non-contact IC card by increasing the electric energy received by the resonance circuit. As a result, the CPU 138 is prevented from being locked.

In the information processing medium shown in FIG. 13, the impedance Z of the resonance circuit can be increased by increasing the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit 133 from the normal state. That is, as shown in FIG. 16, it can be realized by shifting the characteristic curve from L120 indicated by a broken line to L160 indicated by a solid line.
Further, the impedance is increased by shifting as indicated by a one-dot chain line L161 so that the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit coincides with 13.56 MHz, thereby increasing the electric energy by the electromagnetic wave received by the parallel resonance circuit from the R / W. be able to. Furthermore, as indicated by a two-dot chain line L162, the electrical energy can be further increased by shifting the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit to 13.56 MHz and increasing the impedance Z. As a result, the CPU 138 is prevented from being locked.

That is, by operating at least one of the electronic switch 135 or the electronic switch 136 of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 13 (open state to closed state), the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit can be shifted to 13.56 MHz, The impedance Z can be changed by changing the resistance value of the variable resistance circuit 133 (see FIG. 24).
Here, FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and impedance of the resonant circuit. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents impedance.
The characteristic curve L240 indicated by the wavy line shown in FIG. 6 activates at least one of the electronic switch 135 or the electronic switch 136 (open state to closed state) to shift the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit to 13.56 MHz, and the variable resistance circuit. The case where the resistance value of 133 is maximized and the impedance Z is maximized is shown.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
A difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is that instead of using a coil and a variable resistance circuit as a part of the resonance circuit, a capacitor is provided in the IC chip, and an electronic switch connected in parallel to the capacitor is opened and closed. This is the point.
In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 190 are connected to the terminals P1 and P3, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and the terminals P1 to P3 are connected to the IC chip 180. . In the IC chip 180, an electronic switch 136, a fixed resistor (for example, a resistance pattern made of a diffusion layer) 191, a receiving unit 137, and a CPU 181 are formed. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiving unit 137, and the terminals P2 and P3 are connected to both the input / output terminals of the capacitor 134 and the electronic switch 136. The output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is connected to the input terminal of the CPU 181, and the output terminal of the CPU 181 is connected to the control input terminal of the electronic switch 136.
The capacitor 134, the electronic switch 136, and the CPU 181 constitute an adjusting unit.
In the information processing medium of the present invention, when the electronic switch 136 is switched from the open state to the closed state, the impedance Z of the resonance circuit becomes small, so that excess electrical energy is prevented from flowing into the IC chip. Therefore, even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized. As a result, the CPU 181 is prevented from being locked.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
In addition, the same code | symbol was used for the member similar to the Example shown in FIG.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is that the resonance circuit has a coil, a capacitor, and a fixed resistor connected in series, and an electronic switch connected in parallel to the fixed resistor is opened and closed.
In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 190 are connected to the terminals P1 and P3, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and the terminals P1 to P3 are connected to the IC chip 193. . In the IC chip 193, an electronic switch 136, a fixed resistor (for example, a resistance pattern made of a diffusion layer) 191, a receiving unit 137, and a CPU 192 are formed. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiver 137, and the terminals P2 and P3 are connected to both input / output terminals of the fixed resistor 191 and the electronic switch 136. The output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is connected to the input terminal of the CPU 192, and the output terminal of the CPU 192 is connected to the control input terminal of the electronic switch 136.
The resistor 191, the electronic switch 136, and the CPU 192 constitute an adjustment unit.

In the information processing medium of the present invention, when the electronic switch 136 is switched from the open state to the closed state, the impedance Z of the resonance circuit becomes small, so that excess electrical energy is prevented from flowing into the IC chip. Therefore, even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized. As a result, the CPU 192 is prevented from being locked.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is that the opening / closing operation of the electronic switch 136 is performed according to an instruction from the switching automatic control circuit 201.

  In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 190 are connected to the terminals P1 and P3, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and the terminals P1 to P3 are connected to the IC chip 203. . In the IC chip 203, an electronic switch 136, a receiving unit 137, a fixed resistor 191 and a CPU 200 are formed. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiver 137, and the terminals P2 and P3 are connected to both input / output terminals of the fixed resistor 191 and the electronic switch 136. The output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is connected to the input terminal of the CPU 200, and the output terminal of the CPU 200 is connected to the control input terminal of the electronic switch 136.

When the circuit that affects the communication distance operates, the resistor 191, the electronic switch 136, and the circuit that affects the communication distance are set so that the impedance of the resonance circuit becomes higher than a predetermined value. When the operation stops, the storage means (for example, a ROM not shown) storing a program for making the impedance Z of the resonance circuit lower than a predetermined value, and a control signal to the electronic switch 136 according to the program stored in the storage means. It comprises a switching automatic control circuit 201 as a signal generating means for emitting.
In the information processing medium, when the electronic switch 136 is switched from the open state to the closed state, the impedance of the resonance circuit becomes small. Therefore, even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, a stable power supply can be supplied to the non-contact IC card. As a result, the CPU 200 is prevented from being locked.
FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
A difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is that an external capacitor 210 is used instead of the fixed resistor 191 for the resonance circuit.

  In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 190 are connected to the terminals P1 and P3, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and an external capacitor 210 is connected between the terminals P2 and P3. The terminals P1 to P3 are connected to the IC chip 212. An electronic switch 136, a receiving unit 137, and a CPU 211 are formed on the IC chip 212. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiver 137, and the terminals P2 and P3 are connected to both input / output terminals of the fixed resistor 191 and the electronic switch 136. The output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is connected to the input terminal of the CPU 211, and the output terminal of the CPU 211 is connected to the control input terminal of the electronic switch 136.

  In the information processing medium of the present invention, when the electronic switch 136 is switched from the open state to the closed state, the combined capacitance of the resonance circuit decreases, so that the resonance frequency is shifted to 13.56 MHz (see FIG. 24).

  Therefore, the information processing medium of the present invention is a non-contact IC card even when the CPU is locked in a non-contact IC card having a normal resonance circuit due to weak electric energy due to electromagnetic waves from the R / W. The supplied power can be stabilized. As a result, the CPU is prevented from being locked.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is that an external coil 220 is used instead of the capacitor 210 for the resonance circuit.
In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 190 are connected to the terminals P1 and P3, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and an external coil 220 is connected between the terminals P2 and P3. The terminals P1 to P3 are connected to the IC chip 222. On the IC chip 222, an electronic switch 136, a receiving unit 137, and a CPU 221 are formed. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiving unit 137, and both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 136 are connected to the terminals P2 and P3. The output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is connected to the input terminal of the CPU 221, and the output terminal of the CPU 221 is connected to the control input terminal of the electronic switch 136.

In the information processing medium of the present invention, when the electronic switch 136 is switched from the open state to the closed state, the self-inductance of the resonance circuit decreases, so that the resonance frequency is shifted to 13.56 MHz (see FIG. 24).
Therefore, in the information processing medium of the present invention, as in the information processing medium shown in FIG. 21, the CPU is locked in a non-contact IC card having a normal resonance circuit due to weak electric energy due to electromagnetic waves from the R / W. Even in such a case, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized without the CPU 221 being locked.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 22 is that the coil 230 in the IC chip is used instead of the external coil 220 for the resonance circuit.
The description of the block configuration of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 23 is omitted because it is the same as that of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 22, but the same effect as the embodiment shown in FIG. The number of steps can be reduced by the attachment step 22).

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is that a fixed resistor 191 is used instead of the variable resistor circuit 133.
Description of the block configuration of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 25 is omitted because it is the same as that of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 13, but the impedance can be reduced by closing the electronic switch 251. Even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, stable power can be supplied. Further, by closing one or both of the electronic switches 135 and 136, the resonance frequency can be set to any one of four combinations of inductance and capacitance.

Here, the combination of inductance and capacitance is variable because the inductance of the coil 130 of the non-contact IC card after manufacture, the inductance of the correction coil 132, the mutual inductance between the coils 130 and 132, the resonance circuit The resonance frequency may slightly deviate from 13.56 MHz due to the distributed capacity or the like (however, within the scope of legal regulations). By correcting this frequency shift, the intensity of electrical energy obtained from the resonance circuit can be controlled.
That is, by increasing the impedance by matching the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit to 13.56 MHz, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave received by the parallel resonance circuit from the R / W can be increased. In the non-contact IC card having weak electric energy and having a normal resonance circuit, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized even when the CPU is locked. As a result, the CPU 252 is prevented from being locked.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 25 is that the coil 132, the fixed resistor 191 and the capacitor 134 incorporated in the IC chip 253 are all external coils 260, a resistor 261 and a capacitor 262. .

  In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 130 are connected to the terminals P1 and P5, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and an external capacitor 262 is connected between the terminals P2 and P3. The external resistor 261 is connected between the terminals P3 and P4, the external coil 260 is connected between the terminals P4 and P5, and the terminals P1 to P5 are connected to the IC chip 264. On the IC chip 264, electronic switches 135, 136, and 251, a receiving unit 137, and a CPU 263 are formed. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiving unit 137, and the terminals P2 and P3 are connected to both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 136. Terminals P3 and P4 are connected to both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 251, and terminals P4 and P5 are connected to both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 135. An output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is connected to an input terminal of the CPU 261, and an output terminal of the CPU 261 is connected to control input terminals of the electronic switches 135, 136, and 251.

Since the information processing medium of the present invention can reduce the impedance by closing the electronic switch 251, the non-contact IC card even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W. The power supplied to can be stabilized. Further, the resonance frequency can be changed to any frequency within the range of 13.553 MHz to 13.567 MHz by closing one or both of the electronic switches 135 and 136. By increasing the impedance by matching the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit to 13.56 MHz, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave received from the R / W by the parallel resonance circuit can be increased. Therefore, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave from the R / W However, in a non-contact IC card having a weak and normal resonance circuit, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized even when the CPU is locked. As a result, the CPU 263 is prevented from being locked.
In the information processing medium shown in FIG. 26, a process of attaching the capacitors 131 and 262, the resistor 261, and the coil 260 to the terminals P1 to P5 of the IC module occurs at the time of manufacture.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 26 is that an external resistor is connected between terminals P2 and P3, both ends of the resistor are opened and closed with electronic switches, and an external capacitor is connected to the capacitor of the resonance circuit. It is a point that can be connected in parallel.
In the information processing medium of the present invention, both ends of the coil 130 are connected to the terminals P1 and P5, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and an external resistor 276 is connected between the terminals P2 and P3. The input / output terminal of the electronic switch 270 is connected to both ends of the resistor 276, the external resistor 261 is connected between the terminals P3 and P4, and the external coil 260 is connected between the terminals P4 and P5. An external capacitor 273 is connected between the terminals P6 and P7, and the terminals P1 to P7 are connected to the IC chip 275.

  In the IC chip 275, electronic switches 135, 251, 270, 271, 272, a receiving unit 137, and a CPU 274 are formed. The terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the input terminal of the receiving unit 137, the terminals P3 and P4 are connected to both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 251, and the terminals P4 and P5 are connected to both input / output terminals of the electronic switch 135. . The terminal P6 is connected to one input / output terminal (lower side in the figure) of the electronic switch 271 and the terminal P7 is connected to one input / output terminal (lower side in the figure). The other input / output terminal of the electronic switch 271 (in this case, the upper side) is connected to the terminal P2, the other input terminal (in this case, the upper side) of the electronic switch 272 is connected to the terminal P1, and the output terminal of the receiving unit 137 is the CPU. It is connected to the input terminal of H.261. The output terminal of the CPU 261 is connected to the control input terminals of the electronic switches 135, 251, 271, and 272. The electronic switch 271 and the electronic switch 272 are opened and closed simultaneously.

  The information processing medium of the present invention can change the impedance by individually opening and closing the electronic switches 251 and 270, and in particular, the impedance can be minimized by closing both the electronic switches 251 and 270. Therefore, even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized. Further, the resonance frequency can be changed to any frequency within the range of 13.553 MHz to 13.567 MHz by closing one or both of the electronic switch 135 and the electronic switches 271 and 272. By increasing the impedance by matching the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit to 13.56 MHz, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave received from the R / W by the parallel resonance circuit can be increased. Therefore, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave from the R / W However, in a non-contact IC card having a weak and normal resonance circuit, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized even when the CPU is locked. As a result, the CPU 274 is prevented from being locked.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the information processing medium of the present invention.
The information processing medium of the present invention is the information processing medium shown in FIG. 2 connected to the resonance circuit of the information processing medium shown in FIG.
In the information processing medium shown in FIG. 28, both ends of the coil 130 are connected to the terminals P1 and P5, an external capacitor 131 is connected between the terminals P1 and P2, and an external resistor 276 is connected between the terminals P2 and P3. Connect the input and output terminals of the electronic switch 270 to both ends of the resistor 276, connect the external resistor 261 between the terminals P3 and P4, and connect the external coil 260 between the terminals P4 and P5. The external capacitor 273 is connected between the terminals P6 and P7, and the terminals P1 to P7 are connected to the IC chip 280.
The IC chip 280 includes the rectifying / stabilizing 21, power monitoring 22, power control 23, rectifying / stabilizing circuit 21, power monitoring circuit 22, power control circuit 23, analog switches 24a, 24b, 24c, shown in FIG. ..., 24f, CPU 281, co-pro 26, RAM 27, ROM
28, EEPROM (EEPROM Block 1 (29a), EEPROM Block 2 (29b),..., EEPROM Block 6 (29f)) 5 and modulation / demodulation circuit 30 as non-contact communication means, as well as electronic switches 135, 251, 270, 271, 272. Further, the power supply monitoring circuit 22 and the power supply control circuit 23 constitute extension means.

Next, the operation of the information processing medium shown in FIG. 28 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 29 is a flowchart of the information processing medium shown in FIG.
This flowchart is a program that causes the impedance of the resonant circuit to be lower than a predetermined value when the circuit that affects the communication distance stops operating. This program is a storage means (not shown) in the IC chip. Stored in ROM.
First, when the non-contact IC card is brought close to the R / W, the resonance circuit receives electromagnetic waves from the R / W to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is turned on by this electric energy (step W1). When the power is turned on, the CPU 281 turns off the co-pro 26 (step W2).
When the non-contact IC card receives a command from the R / W (step W3), the CPU 281 opens the electronic switches 135, 251, 270, 271, and 272 so that the resonance circuit is a power absorption dedicated resonance circuit. Switch to.

  Here, when the electrical energy due to the electromagnetic waves from the R / W is too strong, the CPU 281 switches one or both of the electronic switches 251 and 270 from the open state to the closed state to lower the impedance of the resonance circuit, When the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave from the R / W is too weak, the CPU 281 switches at least one set of the electronic switch 135 and the electronic switches 271 and 272 from the open state to the closed state, thereby changing the capacitance and inductance. Change the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit. As a result, the electric energy obtained by the resonance circuit can be set to an appropriate strength, and the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized. As a result, the CPU 281 is prevented from being locked.

In this embodiment, when the electrical energy from the R / W is normal intensity and the resonance circuit is a power absorption dedicated resonance circuit, the electronic switches 135, 251, 270, 271, and 272 are all closed. If the resonance circuit is a data communication type resonance circuit, the electronic switches 135 and 271 are open and the electronic switch 261 is closed (step W4).
The CPU 281 determines whether or not the co-processor 26 is necessary (step W5). If it is determined that it is necessary (step W5 / Y), the CPU 281 determines whether or not the stable power flag is ON (step W6). . If the CPU 281 determines that the stable power flag is ON (step W / Y), the CPU 281 switches the electronic switch 24a to the closed state and turns on the power of the co-pro 26.
When the power of the co-pro 26 is turned on, the co-pro 26 performs processing such as encryption processing (step W8).
After the processing of the co-pro 26 is completed, the CPU 281 closes the electronic switches 251 and 270 to switch the resonance circuit to the data communication combined resonance circuit (step W9), and returns to step W2.
If the CPU 281 determines in step W5 that the copro 26 is not necessary (step W5 / N), a process not requiring the copro 26 is performed (step W10). After the processing of step W10 is completed, the CPU 281 closes the electronic switches 251 and 270 to switch the resonance circuit to the data communication combined resonance circuit (step W9), and returns to step W2.
If the CPU 281 determines in step W6 that the stable power flag is not ON (step W / N), an error is returned from the non-contact IC card to the R / W (step W11), and the electronic switches 251 and 270 are closed. The resonance circuit is switched to the data communication resonance circuit (step W12), and the process returns to step W2.

In the above, according to the present invention, even when the non-contact IC card is too close to the R / W, the electric energy due to the electromagnetic wave received from the R / W is small, and the CPU is locked in the normal non-contact IC card. Even in such a case, the power supplied to the non-contact IC card can be stabilized. As a result, the CPU is prevented from being locked.
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the resonance frequency of the information processing medium is 13.56 MHz is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other frequencies (for example, a long wave band of 135 kHz or less, 3 .57 MHz, 4.91 MHz, 6.78 MHz, 27.125 MHz and other short wave bands, 40.68 MHz ultrashort wave, 433.92 MHz, 869.0 MHz, 915.0 MHz, etc. ultra high frequency bands, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 24.125 GHz or other microwave band). In the above-described embodiments, the case where the impedance is 10Ω has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this and may be in the range of 5 to 20Ω.

It is a principle figure which shows one Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows one Example of the information processing medium of this invention. FIG. 3 is a memory space diagram of the EEPROM and ROM shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the EEPROM shown in FIG. 2. It is a conceptual diagram of application App1 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for blocking the EEPROM shown in FIG. 2. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the relationship between the distance from a reading / writing apparatus, and processing capability. It is a sequence diagram between a non-contact IC card and a reading / writing device. It is a flowchart which shows the data communication method using the information processing medium of this invention. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the relationship between a non-contact IC card and R / W. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the resonant frequency and reflected power in a non-contact IC card. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the frequency and impedance in the resonance circuit which uses the antenna used for a normal non-contact IC card as a part. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is one Example of the flowchart which shows operation | movement of the information processing medium shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the frequency and impedance in the resonance circuit of the information processing medium shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the frequency and impedance in the resonance circuit of the information processing medium shown in FIG. It is a waveform of the signal supplied in the IC chip in the operation | movement shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the frequency and impedance of a resonant circuit. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the further another Example of the information processing medium of this invention. It is a flowchart of the information processing medium shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Power line 2 CPU / RAM
3, 4 Analog switch 5 EEPROM
6 Copro 130, 132 Coil 131, 134 Capacitor 135, 136 Electronic switch (analog switch)
133 Variable resistance circuit 137 Receiver 138 CPU
139 IC chip

Claims (22)

At least contactless communication means;
Monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means;
Extending means for extending the communication distance by stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance when the electrical energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value;
An information processing medium comprising:   The information processing medium according to claim 1, wherein an error code signal is generated when power supply to a circuit that affects the communication distance is stopped. The non-contact communication means includes
An antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves;
A rectifying and stabilizing circuit connected to the antenna for converting the electromagnetic wave into electrical energy;
A modulation / demodulation circuit operating with electrical energy from the rectification and stabilization circuit;
The information processing medium according to claim 1, further comprising: The extension means includes
Power supply monitoring means connected to the rectifying and stabilizing circuit and monitoring the intensity of the electromagnetic wave,
Stop means for stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance based on the output from the power supply monitoring means;
The information processing medium according to claim 1, further comprising:   5. The information processing medium according to claim 1, wherein the circuit that affects the communication distance is at least a coprocessor or a memory.   The memory is a block semiconductor memory, and security conditions can be selected by supplying power to a selected block of the semiconductor memory. The information processing medium according to claim 5. At least contactless communication means;
Monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means;
Adjusting means for adjusting connection states and capacities of a plurality of types of passive elements constituting the resonance circuit used in the non-contact communication means;
An information processing medium comprising: The adjusting means includes at least one passive element inserted in the resonant circuit;
An electronic switch for connecting the passive element to the resonant circuit in series, parallel, or short circuit;
When the circuit that affects the communication distance operates, the impedance of the resonant circuit is higher than a predetermined value. When the circuit that affects the communication distance stops operating, the impedance of the resonant circuit is higher than the predetermined value. Storage means for storing a program to be lowered;
Signal generating means for issuing a control signal to the electronic switch according to a program stored in the storage means;
The information processing medium according to claim 7, further comprising: The adjusting means includes at least one passive element inserted in the resonant circuit;
An electronic switch for connecting the passive element to the resonant circuit in series, parallel, or short circuit;
When the electrical energy by the electromagnetic wave obtained by the monitoring means is lower than a threshold value, a switching automatic control means for supplying a control signal for making the impedance of the resonance circuit higher than a normal value to the electronic switch,
The information processing medium according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising:   The adjusting means switches the electronic switch so that the electric energy is less than the processing capacity when the electric energy by the electromagnetic wave obtained by the monitoring means exceeds the processing capacity, so that the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit is switched. The information processing medium according to claim 7, wherein the information processing medium is shifted. At least non-contact communication means, monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means, and if the electric energy obtained by the electromagnetic waves is lower than a predetermined value, the communication distance is affected. An information processing medium comprising an extension means for extending a communication distance by stopping the supply of power to the circuit to be applied, and an error code generating means for generating an error code signal when the power is supplied to the circuit;
When the information processing medium generates the error code, the information processing medium has a calling unit that alerts a user of the information processing medium to make the information processing medium approach, contact, or pause the reading device or the reading / writing device. A reading device or reading / writing device;
A data communication system comprising: At least contactless communication means;
Monitoring means for monitoring the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or reading / writing device by the non-contact communication means;
An information processing medium comprising: an adjusting unit that adjusts connection states and capacities of a plurality of types of passive elements constituting the resonance circuit used in the non-contact communication unit;
A reader or a reader / writer that exchanges data with the information processing medium;
A data communication system comprising: The information processing medium includes: an extension unit that extends a communication distance by stopping supply of power to a circuit that affects the communication distance when electrical energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value; and the circuit An error code generating means for generating an error code signal when it is determined that the electric energy by the electromagnetic wave obtained by the monitoring means is lower than a threshold value.
When the information processing medium generates the error code, the reading device or the reading / writing device approaches, touches or pauses the information processing medium to the reading device or the reading / writing device to a user of the information processing medium. Equipped with arousing means to call attention,
A data communication system. The non-contact communication means includes
An antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves;
A rectifying and stabilizing circuit connected to the antenna for converting the electromagnetic wave into electrical energy;
A modulation / demodulation circuit operating with electrical energy from the rectification and stabilization circuit;
The data communication system according to claim 11 or 13, characterized by comprising: The extension means includes
Power supply monitoring means connected to the rectifying and stabilizing circuit and monitoring the intensity of the electromagnetic wave,
Stop means for stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance based on the output from the power supply monitoring means;
The data communication system according to any one of claims 11, 13, and 14, characterized by comprising:   16. The data communication system according to claim 11, wherein the circuit that affects the communication distance is at least a coprocessor or a memory.   17. The data communication according to claim 11, wherein the memory is a block semiconductor memory, and the coprocessor is a processor having a security function, a payment function, or a file function. system. The information processing medium monitors the intensity of electromagnetic waves emitted from the reading device or the reading / writing device, and if the energy is lower than a predetermined value, the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance is stopped to reduce the communication distance. Generates an error code signal with extension,
When the information processing medium generates the error code, the reading device or the reading / writing device causes a user of the information processing medium to approach, touch, or pause the information processing medium to the reading device or the reading / writing device. A data communication method characterized by calling attention. At least one passive element inserted into a resonance circuit used for the non-contact communication means, the information processing medium having at least the non-contact communication means monitoring the intensity of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the reading device or the reading / writing device Adjust the connection status and capacity of
A data communication method, wherein the reading device or the reading / writing device exchanges data with the information processing medium. The information processing medium extends the communication distance by stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance when the electrical energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value, and the power to the circuit is An error code signal is generated when it is determined that the electric energy by the electromagnetic wave supplied and obtained by the monitoring means is lower than a threshold value;
When the information processing medium generates the error code, the reading device or the reading / writing device approaches, touches or pauses the information processing medium to the reading device or the reading / writing device to a user of the information processing medium. The data communication method according to claim 19, wherein a warning is issued so as to prevent the data communication. The information processing medium extends the communication distance by stopping the supply of power to the circuit that affects the communication distance when the electrical energy obtained by the electromagnetic wave is lower than a predetermined value, and the power to the circuit is When supplied, an error code signal is generated,
When the information processing medium generates the error code, the reading device or the reading / writing device approaches, touches or pauses the information processing medium to the reading device or the reading / writing device to a user of the information processing medium. 21. A data communication method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized by calling attention to the user.   In the information processing medium, the circuit that affects the communication distance is at least a coprocessor or a memory, and power supply to either the coprocessor or the memory or both of the circuits is stopped as necessary. The data communication method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein:

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