JP2005248844A - Hermetic compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem that a countermeasure to prevent refrigerator oil from flowing out of a compressor into refrigeration circuit and a countermeasure to prevent electromagnetic noise generated by electric element from transmitting out of the compressor are insufficient in a high pressure type compressor operating under high pressure difference. <P>SOLUTION: In this hermetic compressor, force of refrigerant raising refrigerator oil is reduced by dropping flow speed of the refrigerant in a hermetic vessel 4 and refrigerator oil and refrigerant are separated by making refrigerant impinge on a side surface of the hermetic vessel 4 to prevent refrigerator oil from flowing into the refrigeration circuit. Electromagnetic noise generated by the electric element 13 is prevented from transmitting out of the compressor by making the electric element 13 not contact the hermetic vessel 4 at an outer circumference part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a hermetic compressor, and more particularly to a hermetic compressor that compresses gas at a high differential pressure.

In a conventional hermetic compressor that compresses with a high differential pressure, a housing is constituted by a cylindrical body and end plates provided above and below the body. Moreover, a trunk | drum is made into a double structure from an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. A compression mechanism and a compressor motor are fixed inside the inner cylinder, and end plates are fixed to both ends of the outer cylinder. A plurality of annular connecting members are provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and are connected to each other. The connecting member is formed with a notch continuous in the axial direction, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder communicate with each other inside the housing. A cylindrical space is formed. In addition, the stator is fixed to the inner cylinder of the body portion at a position overlapping the upper connecting member in the axial direction (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-115966 A (page 4, page 5, FIGS. 1 and 2)

  In the hermetic compressor of Patent Document 1, the outer peripheral surface of the stator cylindrical tube (inner cylinder of Patent Document 1) fixing portion is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container with a connecting member at the same position in the axial direction. In addition, refrigeration is performed by the pressure difference between the upper and lower bearings (the front head and rear head of Patent Document 1) and the roller fitted to the outer peripheral portion of the eccentric portion of the drive shaft due to the differential pressure between the sealed container and the compression chamber in the cylinder. The machine oil flows into the cylinder, and the low-pressure refrigerant gas sucked into the cylinder from the refrigeration circuit is compressed in the compression chamber in the cylinder together with the refrigerator oil. The compressed refrigerant gas and refrigerating machine oil enter the cylindrical tube inner space formed between the electric element inside the cylindrical tube (inner tube of Patent Document 1) and the compression element from the discharge port provided in the upper bearing. Discharged. The refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil discharged into the inner space of the cylindrical tube are blown up to the top of the sealed container through the gap between the stator and the rotor. It is considered that the refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil blown up are discharged to the refrigeration circuit from the discharge pipe arranged at the upper part of the sealed container. For this reason, there were the following problems.

  First, by fixing the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical tube fixing portion of the stator to the inner wall of the sealed container with a connecting member at the same position in the axial direction, the electromagnetic vibration from the electric element is easily transmitted to the sealed container, and the electromagnetic noise of the compressor There was a problem of increasing.

In addition, the compressed refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil discharged from the discharge port provided in the upper bearing are blown up to the upper part of the sealed container through the gap between the stator and the rotor, but the gap between the stator and the rotor is usually 1 mm or less. Since the refrigerant and the refrigeration oil flow speeds are accelerated, the refrigeration oil that has become mist in the space inside the cylindrical tube is not separated by its own weight, but is blown up to the top of the sealed container together with the refrigerant gas. For this reason, a large amount of refrigerating machine oil is taken out into the refrigeration circuit from the discharge pipe located at the top of the sealed container, causing problems such as a decrease in the heat exchange rate of the unit heat exchanger and a decrease in performance due to an increase in pressure loss in the heat exchanger. It was.
In particular, in a compressor that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant that operates at a high differential pressure, the refrigerant gas flows from the gap between the cylinder inner peripheral surface and the roller outer peripheral surface in the cylinder during compression because the differential pressure is high. This problem is significant because the compressor chamber needs a large amount of refrigerating machine oil to be leaked and a large amount of refrigerating machine oil is required in the compression chamber so as to seal the gap with the refrigerating machine oil.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. A first object of the present invention is to provide a double structure including a body part forming an outer cylinder part of a sealed container and a cylindrical tube inside the body part. An object of the present invention is to obtain a hermetic compressor capable of reducing electromagnetic noise generated in a cylindrical tube and coming out of the machine from a hermetic container.

  In addition, the second object is that the compressed refrigerant and the refrigeration discharged into the double-structured cylindrical tube of the barrel forming the outer cylindrical portion of the sealed container and the cylindrical tube forming the inner cylindrical portion inside the barrel. The object is to obtain a hermetic compressor capable of reducing the refrigerating machine oil from the machine oil and reducing the take-out of the refrigerating machine oil to the refrigerating circuit outside the machine.

  The hermetic compressor according to the present invention has an outer diameter that is larger than an inner diameter of the barrel portion inside the barrel portion in a sealed container including a cylindrical barrel portion and a lid portion that closes an opening at an end portion of the barrel portion. A small concentric cylindrical tube is provided, and an electric element composed of a rotor fixed to the drive shaft and a stator fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube is provided inside one end side of the cylindrical tube. A cylinder, a roller fitted to the eccentric part of the drive shaft, and a bearing that closes the opening of the cylinder and also serves as a bearing part of the drive shaft, and has a compression element partially fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube In addition, the fixing portion of the compression element that fixes at least one of the compression element and the cylindrical tube to the inner wall of the sealed container and is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container is different from the fixed portion that is fixed to the cylindrical tube. The fixed part of the cylindrical tube fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container is in the concentric axial direction, It was such that for at least one of the end remote from the electric element reduced end remote from the compression element in the component side and the electric element side.

  The hermetic compressor of the present invention fixes the stator of the electric element to the inner wall on one end side of the cylindrical tube, and fixes a part of the compression element to the inner wall on the other end side of the cylindrical tube. At least one of them is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container, and the fixed portion of the cylindrical tube that is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container is driven concentrically in the direction away from the compression element on the compression element side and on the electric element side. Since at least one of the end portions away from the element is arranged, the coupling between the electric element and the sealed container does not directly fix the stator of the electric element. Neither is it connected in the radial direction via. And the electromagnetic vibration generated in the electric element is transmitted through the cylindrical tube in the axial direction, transmitted from the end of the cylindrical tube to the sealed container, or transmitted through the cylindrical tube in the axial direction and transmitted from the fixed portion of the compression element, Or it will be transmitted from both of them. Therefore, the electromagnetic vibration generated by the electric element can be attenuated by passing through the cylindrical tube and the compression element, and the electromagnetic noise of the compressor can be reduced.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hermetic compressor of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a flow of refrigerant gas in the hermetic compressor of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a path.
In these drawings, a sealed container 4 is a cylindrical body 1 and a dish-shaped upper dish container 2 and a lower dish that are fixed to both ends by welding and cover the openings at both ends of the body 1 respectively. Formed from the container 3. In addition, a cylindrical tube 14 is formed concentrically at a distance from the inside of the cylindrical body portion 1 to form a double structure of the body portion 1 and the inner and outer cylinder portions of the cylindrical tube 14.
The compression element 10 is accommodated in the lower part of the sealed container 4, and the electric element 13 is accommodated in the upper part.
The compression element 10 is fitted to the cylindrical cylinder 5, the upper bearing 6 and the lower bearing 7 that close the upper and lower openings thereof, the eccentric portion 8 a of the drive shaft 8 in the cylinder 5, and the eccentric portion 8 a. The inner surface and the upper bearing 6 and the lower bearing 7 comprise a roller 9 that forms a cylinder chamber, and the outer periphery of the cylinder 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the body 1 of the sealed container 4 by welding or the like. Fixed.
The electric element 13 includes a rotor 11 and a stator 12 that are fitted and fixed to a drive shaft 8 that drives the compression element 10, and the outer periphery of the stator 12 is fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube 14 by shrink fitting.
The cylindrical tube 14 is fixed to the compression element 10 by having its lower end abutted against the upper surface of the cylinder 5 and having its lower inner wall fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the upper bearing 6 by spot welding. The stator 12 is fixed to the inner wall by shrink fitting as described above.
Note that the compression element 10 and the electric element 13 are fixed to the sealed container 4 by the cylinder 5 of the compression element 10 as described above, and as shown in FIG. May be fixed to the inner wall of the upper plate container 2 or the upper inner wall of the body portion 1 via a connecting member or the like on the inner wall away from the fixing portion of the stator 12.

  In the cylindrical tube 14, the electric element 13 is positioned between the lower end position 15 of the fixed portion where the stator 12 is shrink-fitted and the upper end position 16 of the fixed portion where the upper bearing 6 is fixed, that is, at the tube wall of the cylindrical tube. A plurality of openings 17 are formed in the gap between the compression element 10 and the compression element 10. Then, the sum of the opening areas of the plurality of openings 17 is set to be equal to or larger than the area perpendicular to the axial direction of the drive shaft 8 formed at the interval between the body 1 and the cylindrical tube 14, that is, the refrigerant flow shown in FIG. The cross-sectional area of the path 24 is not less than.

Next, the operation will be described. FIG. 3 shows the flow of the refrigerant with arrows.
When the drive shaft 8 is rotated by the electric element 13 of the rotor 11 and the stator 12, the compression element 10 is driven, and low-pressure refrigerant is sucked into the cylinder 5 through the suction pipe 27 from the refrigeration circuit. At the same time, the difference between the upper and lower bearings 6 and 7 and the roller 9 fitted to the outer periphery of the eccentric portion 8a of the drive shaft 8 is different between the inside of the sealed container 4 in the high pressure atmosphere and the cylinder chamber 18 in the low pressure atmosphere. The refrigerating machine oil flows into the cylinder chamber 18 from the sealed container 4 due to the pressure.
The low-pressure refrigerant gas sucked into the cylinder chamber 18 is compressed in the compression chamber while containing the refrigeration oil. The compressed refrigerant gas and refrigerating machine oil are discharged from a discharge port 19 provided in the upper bearing 6 into a cylindrical tube inner space 20 formed by the inner surface of the cylindrical tube 14, the electric element 13 and the upper bearing 6. One of the refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil discharged into the cylindrical tube inner space 20 passes through the flow path 21 between the stator 12 and the rotor 11 and reaches the upper space 25 in the upper part. On the other hand, the other flows through the flow path 22 including a plurality of openings 17 provided in the cylindrical tube 14, and flows into the sealed container inner space 23 outside the cylindrical tube 14. It passes through the refrigerant flow path 24 between the inner side and the upper space 25 as well. And these refrigerant | coolants and refrigeration oil are sent out in the refrigerating circuit from the discharge pipe 26 arrange | positioned at the upper tray container 2 at the upper end of the airtight container 4. FIG.

Here, when the refrigerant gas is discharged from the opening 17 of the cylindrical tube 14 to the sealed container inner space 23 outside the cylindrical tube 14, the refrigeration oil is collided with the inner wall surface of the sealed container 4, and the refrigeration oil is applied to the wall surface. By adhering, the refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil can be separated.
In addition, by providing the opening 17 in the cylindrical tube 14, not only the flow channel 21 but also the refrigerant flow channel 24 can be secured as a flow channel from the discharge port 19 to the discharge tube 26 positioned above the sealed container 4. Since the refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil discharged from the port 19 are dispersed in a wide flow path (a flow path including the flow path 21 and the refrigerant flow path 24) and brought to the discharge pipe 26, the flow rate of the refrigerant gas decreases, The power to blow up the separated refrigerating machine oil can be lost.
Therefore, the refrigerant gas and the refrigerating machine oil can be separated in the sealed container 4, and the separated refrigerating machine oil can be prevented from being blown up, so that the amount of the refrigerating machine oil taken out from the discharge pipe 26 can be reduced, and the refrigerating machine oil is added to the refrigerant circuit. It is possible to prevent performance degradation due to flowing in.
Further, the sum of the opening areas of the plurality of openings 17 is set to be equal to or larger than the area orthogonal to the axial direction of the drive shaft 8 formed at the interval between the body 1 and the cylindrical tube 14, that is, the refrigerant flow path shown in FIG. Since the cross-sectional area is 24 or more, the effect of separating the refrigerating machine oil and the effect of preventing the refrigerating machine oil from being blown out become remarkable, the amount of the refrigerating machine oil taken out can be surely reduced, and the performance deterioration due to the refrigerating machine oil flowing into the refrigerant circuit is ensured. Can be prevented.

  Regarding the hermetic compressor of the present embodiment, the change in the refrigerant gas rising flow rate in the hermetic container 4 due to the expansion of the refrigerant flow path and the change in the refrigerating machine oil circulation amount in the refrigerating circuit are shown as parameters of the rotational speed of the drive shaft 8. 4 (the horizontal axis is the flow rate of the refrigerant gas rising in the sealed container 4, and the vertical axis is the amount of refrigeration oil circulation in the refrigeration circuit). As shown in FIG. 4, a hermetic compressor in which the channel area of the channel 21 and the refrigerant channel 24 according to the present embodiment is about five times that of the conventional one as compared with the conventional product having only the channel 21. The refrigerant gas flow rate can be kept lower than the target flow rate, and the amount of refrigeration oil circulating in the refrigeration circuit can be reduced by oil separation. In particular, the difference becomes more conspicuous as the rotational speed increases.

In the hermetic compressor of the present embodiment, the inner element 28 composed of the compression element 10 and the electric element 13 is fixed to the hermetic container 4 by fixing the outer periphery of the cylinder 5 of the compression element 10 to the body 1 of the hermetic container 4. This is done by fixing to the inner wall. That is, the stator 12 of the electric element 13 is fixed to the upper inner surface of the cylindrical tube 14 by shrink fitting, and the lower inner surface of the cylindrical tube 14 is fixed on the compression element 10 with the outer periphery of the cylinder 5 fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container 4. This is done by fixing the outer periphery of the bearing 6 by spot welding. Therefore, the coupling between the electric element 13 and the sealed container 4 does not directly fix the stator 12 of the electric element 13 and does not couple the stator 12 in the radial direction via a connecting member or the like.
Therefore, the electromagnetic vibration generated in the electric element 13 can be attenuated by passing through the cylindrical tube 14, the upper bearing 6, and the cylinder 5, and the electromagnetic noise of the compressor can be reduced. Further, since no connecting member or the like is used, the number of parts can be reduced and the assemblability can be improved.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the hermetic compressor of the first embodiment, the inner element 28 including the compression element 10 and the electric element 13 is fixed to the hermetic container 4 by fixing the outer peripheral portion of the stator 12 of the electric element 13 to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube 14. The outer peripheral portion of the upper bearing 6 of the compression element 10 is fixed to the lower inner wall of the cylindrical tube 14, and the outer peripheral portion of the cylinder 5 of the compression element 10 is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container 4, that is, the cylinder 5 is attached to the sealed container 4. In the hermetic compressor according to the second embodiment, the inner element 28 is fixed to the hermetic container 4, and the lower end of the cylindrical tube 14 is fixed to the body 1 of the hermetic container 4. This is performed by fixing to the container 3.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the hermetic compressor of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the stator 12 is fixed to the upper portion of the cylindrical tube 14 by shrink fitting, and the compression element 10 is fixed to the lower portion of the cylindrical tube 14 at the outer peripheral portion of the cylinder 5 (however, to the cylindrical tube 14). The compression element 10 may be fixed by connecting at least one of the cylinder 5 and the upper bearing 6 to the cylindrical tube 14). Moreover, the coupling | bonding of the trunk | drum 1 and the lower dish container 3 of the airtight container 4 fixes the trunk | drum 1 to the outer side of the upper end part of the lower dish container 3 by welding. And the lower end part of the cylindrical tube 14 which the internal element 28 couple | bonded is fixed to the inner side of the upper end part of the lower dish container 3 by welding. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

In the hermetic compressor of the present embodiment, the coupling between the electric element 13 and the hermetic container 4 does not directly fix the stator 12, but also couples the stator 12 in the radial direction via a connecting member or the like. Absent.
Therefore, the electromagnetic vibration generated in the electric element 13 can be attenuated by passing through the cylindrical tube 14 from the upper end to the lower end of the cylindrical tube 14, and the electromagnetic noise of the compressor can be reduced. Further, since no connecting member or the like is used, the number of parts can be reduced and the assemblability can be improved.
The compression element 10 and the electric element 13 are fixed to the sealed container 4 instead of fixing the lower end portion of the cylindrical tube 14 to the inner side of the upper end portion of the lower dish container 3 as described above, instead of the cylindrical tube 14. May be fixed to the inner wall of the body 1 via a connecting member or the like, and the same effect of reducing the electromagnetic noise of the compressor can be obtained.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the hermetic compressor of the third embodiment.
In the hermetic compressor of the present embodiment, in the hermetic compressor of the second embodiment, the lower end portion of the cylindrical tube 14 to which the internal element 28 is coupled is fixed to the inside of the upper end portion of the lower dish container 3 by welding. In addition, the upper end of the cylindrical tube 14 is fixed to the inside of the lower end of the upper dish container 2 by welding. The body 1 and the upper dish container 2 of the sealed container 4 are joined by fixing the body 1 to the outside of the lower end of the upper dish container 2 by welding. Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment.

In the hermetic compressor of the present embodiment, the coupling between the electric element 13 and the hermetic container 4 does not directly fix the stator 12, but also couples the stator 12 in the radial direction via a connecting member or the like. Absent.
Therefore, the electromagnetic vibration generated in the electric element 13 can be attenuated by passing through the cylindrical tube 14 to the upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical tube 14, and the electromagnetic noise of the compressor can be reduced. Further, since no connecting member or the like is used, the number of parts can be reduced and the assemblability can be improved.
In addition, the compression element 10 and the electric element 13 are fixed to the sealed container 4 instead of being fixed by welding the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical tube 14 to the inside of the ends of the upper and lower dish containers 2 and 3 as described above. The upper end portion of the cylindrical tube 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the upper portion of the barrel portion 1 via the connecting member or the like, and the lower end portion of the cylindrical tube 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the barrel portion 1. It may be fixed via a connecting member or the like, and the same effect of reducing the electromagnetic noise of the compressor can be obtained.

  The means for separating the refrigerating machine oil from the compressed refrigerant of the hermetic compressors of the first, second, and third embodiments and the means for reducing the refrigerant flow rate and preventing the refrigerating machine oil from being blown up are particularly compressed by a carbon dioxide refrigerant or the like as the refrigerant. The effect becomes significant when using a refrigerant that sometimes has a high differential pressure.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the hermetic compressor of Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hermetic compressor of FIG. 1 taken along line AA. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant of the hermetic compressor of FIG. It is the relationship figure which showed the relationship between the refrigerant gas flow rate and the refrigerating machine oil circulation amount in a refrigerating circuit in the hermetic compressor of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the hermetic compressor of Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the hermetic compressor of Embodiment 3 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Body part, 2, 3 Lid part, 4 Airtight container, 5 Cylinder, 6, 7 Bearing, 8 Drive shaft, 8a Eccentric part, 9 Roller, 10 Compression element, 11 Rotor, 12 Stator, 13 Electric element, 14 Cylindrical tube 17 Opening, 24 Refrigerant flow path.

Claims (9)

A concentric cylindrical tube having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the body portion is provided inside the body portion in a sealed container composed of a cylindrical body portion and a lid portion that closes the opening of the end portion of the body portion,
An electric element comprising a rotor fixed to the drive shaft and a stator fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube is provided inside one end side of the cylindrical tube, and the cylinder and the drive shaft are provided on the other end side. A roller fitted in an eccentric portion and the opening of the cylinder, and a bearing or the like that also serves as a bearing portion of the drive shaft, and having a compression element partially fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube,
In addition, at least one of the compression element and the cylindrical tube is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container, and the fixing portion of the compression element that is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container is a fixed portion that is fixed to the cylindrical tube Unlike the above, the fixed portion of the cylindrical tube fixed to the inner wall of the closed container is concentrically arranged in the direction away from the compression element on the compression element side and from the electric element on the electric element side. A hermetic compressor characterized by being at least one of remote ends.   The outer peripheral part of the bearing on the electric element side that closes the opening in the drive shaft direction of the cylinder of the compression element is fixed to the inner wall on the other end side of the cylindrical tube, and the outer peripheral part of the cylinder of the compression element is fixed to the sealed container The hermetic compressor according to claim 1, wherein the hermetic compressor is fixed to the inner wall of the compressor.   The outer peripheral portion of the cylinder of the compression element is fixed to the inner wall on the other end side of the cylindrical tube, and the end portion of the cylindrical tube on the compression element side is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container. The hermetic compressor according to 1.   The hermetic seal according to claim 3, wherein an end of the cylindrical tube on the compression element side is fixed to an inner wall of the sealed container, and an end of the electric element side is also fixed to an inner wall of the sealed container. Mold compressor.   5. The hermetic seal according to claim 3, wherein the inner wall of the sealed container that fixes the end portion of the cylindrical tube is an inner wall of the lid that closes the opening of the trunk of the sealed container. Mold compressor.   In the tube wall of the cylindrical tube, an opening communicating with the space between the inner wall of the body portion of the sealed container and the outer wall of the cylindrical tube from the inside of the cylindrical tube is formed in the gap between the electric element and the compression element. The hermetic compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hermetic compressor is formed. A concentric cylindrical tube having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the body portion is provided inside the body portion in a sealed container composed of a cylindrical body portion and a lid portion that closes the opening of the end portion of the body portion,
An electric element comprising a rotor fixed to the drive shaft and a stator fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube is provided inside one end side of the cylindrical tube, and the cylinder and the drive shaft are provided on the other end side. A roller fitted in an eccentric portion and the opening of the cylinder, and a bearing or the like that also serves as a bearing portion of the drive shaft, and having a compression element partially fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube,
Further, at least one of the compression element and the cylindrical tube is fixed to the inner wall of the sealed container,
Furthermore, an opening communicating with the space between the electric element and the compression element in the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical tube from the inside of the cylindrical tube to the space between the inner wall of the body portion of the sealed container and the outer wall of the cylindrical tube. And a refrigerant flow path is formed between the inner wall of the barrel and the outer wall of the cylindrical tube.   The sum of the opening areas of the openings formed in the tube wall of the cylindrical tube is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant flow path formed in the space between the inner wall of the barrel and the outer wall of the cylindrical tube. The hermetic compressor according to claim 6 or 7. The hermetic compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the refrigerant used is a carbon dioxide refrigerant.

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