JP2005222026A - Stereoscopic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact stereoscopic apparatus capable of facilitating a stereoscopic observation, and also, capable of reducing a feeling of fatigue. <P>SOLUTION: A convex lens L as a left optical element where a prism L2 whose apex faces the optical axis side is stuck and a convex lens R as a right optical element where a prism R2 whose apex faces the optical axis side is laminated are separately arranged in prescribed left and right positions on an optical axis viewing from a view side. Also, a pair of foldable paper covers is made a base body, the stereoscopic apparatus is a book type (notebook type) one, foldable like a book (or a notebook) when not in use. Besides, it is effective to constitute the apparatus with an inclination angle θ so that an angle formed by an optical axis (z-axis) and a stereoscopic image surface is deviated from a right angle. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a stereoscopic device, and more particularly to a stereoscopic device that is easy and compact for stereoscopic observation.

  As a stereoscopic device that uses, as stereoscopic images, images obtained by cutting left and right images for binocular parallax into strips in the vertical direction and rearranging them every other one, a lenticular system (for example, Non-Patent Document 1) is used. And a non-patent document 2) and a parallax barrier method (for example, see non-patent document 1 and non-patent document 2) are known.

  FIG. 1A is a diagram for explaining the basic principle of separating the left and right images with a single convex lens, and at the same time, a diagram for explaining the principle per lens for stereoscopic viewing by the lenticular method (in detail, lenticular). There are some differences from the system). In this figure, two images (a right-eye image R1 and a left-eye image L1) are arranged at a predetermined interval d in the x direction, and the front (observer side) from these images is arranged. A convex lens 11 for condensing light is provided. The light emitted from the image R1 is condensed at the condensing point R by the action of the convex lens 11, and the light emitted from the image L1 is condensed at the condensing point L. Here, when the interval between the condensing points R and L is set to be equal to the interval between the left and right eyes of the observer, and the left and right eyes are brought to the condensing points R and L, the left eye of the observer is imaged. Only the light from L1 can be received, and the right eye can receive only the light from R1.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, a large number (R1, R2, R3... And L1, L2, L3...) Of such right-eye image R1 and left-eye image L1 are provided and displayed. If the lens group (lenticular lens 13) is prepared immediately before the image so as to correspond to these image pairs, a lenticular system is obtained.

  The method shown in FIG. 1 (a) and the lenticular method shown in FIG. 1 (b) enable stereoscopic viewing by separating the left and right images with a lens, but use a barrier with an opening. As a method for separating the left and right images, there are a parallax divider method in the case of one opening and a parallax barrier method in the case where there are many barriers.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle of stereoscopic vision based on the parallax divider method. The left-eye image L1 and the right-eye image R1 are arranged on the x-axis at a distance d, and are small in front thereof. A light blocking barrier 21 having an opening 22 (hole or slit) is provided. Light emitted from the left-eye image L1 and the right-eye image R1 passes through the opening 22 of the light-shielding barrier 21, and is received by the left and right eyes of the observer, respectively.

  By providing a large number of such pairs of images L1 and R1 and preparing a parallax barrier having a large number of slit-shaped openings corresponding to the image pairs, the images corresponding to each eye can be separated without using special glasses. Thus, a stereoscopic view of a parallax barrier system that can be observed as a result becomes possible.

  In addition, the parallax divider method shown in FIG. 2 is an intersecting stereoscopic method in which the left and right lines of sight intersect each other through one opening opened in the light shielding barrier. If left and right eyes are prepared in front of the left and right eyes for the left and right eyes, and the left and right images are placed in parallel with each eye so that the left and right eyes do not intersect, the left and right eyes cross Do not do parallelism stereoscopic vision. In this case, the number of openings opened in the light blocking barrier is two for the left eye and the right eye.

Eiji Shimizu and Shunichi Kishimoto, “Three-Dimensional Image Technology That Has Been Here” (Industry Research Committee), p.56-67 (2000) Hiroshi Inoue, “Exploring the Mystery of Stereoscopic Vision” (Opttronics), p.72-78 (2002)

  However, in the above-described lenticular method and parallax barrier method in which the left and right images with parallax as a base are cut into strips, and the images that are rearranged every other are used as stereoscopic images, there are a large number of them. In order to observe these through a large number of lenses and a large number of slits, a stereoscopic image with a large number of vertical stripes is observed. Quality is not enough.

  In addition, most existing stereoscopic devices and stereoscopic devices that employ the above-described method are configured so that the observation surface and the image surface are parallel, and the optical axis of the observer is perpendicular to the image surface. It is necessary to arrange (vertical viewing method), but in the case of vertical viewing, it is difficult to make the device compact, and the focus adjustment for stereoscopic viewing becomes constant, which makes the observer fatigued There is a problem that it is easy.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a compact stereoscopic device that enables stereoscopic observation with less fatigue.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a stereoscopic device using binocular parallax stereoscopic vision, wherein a right image and a left image obtained by projective transformation for stereoscopic vision are provided. On the display surface, and the tilt angle in the observation depth direction formed by the normal of the display surface and the optical axis of the stereoscopic device provided with the stereoscopic means is set to an angle different from 0 degrees. And

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to the first aspect, the optical system of the stereoscopic device includes a light-transmitting part for stereoscopic observation on the optical axis, and the light-transmitting part is a left-right part. The observation point is determined at a position for determining the right image and the left image.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, an optical having at least one of a lateral refracting action and a magnifying action at left and right observation point determination positions on the optical axis. An element is provided.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the stereoscopic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the optical system of the stereoscopic device includes a concave mirror for reflecting light from the left and right images, The left and right images reflected by the concave mirror are separated to enable stereoscopic observation.

  The invention according to claim 5 is a stereoscopic device, in which a right-eye image and a left-eye image provided for stereoscopic viewing, and a light-transmitting portion through which an optical axis for viewing a plane on which the image is arranged are passed. And the right and left optical elements are arranged in parallel or joined at positions that determine the left and right observation points, and the right-eye image and the left-eye image Each of the images is divided into a number of images corresponding to the number of the optical elements, and an observation image is formed by alternately arranging the left and right divided images. The light beam from the left-eye image is focused on the left observation point with the deflection angle by the left and right optical elements. To separate the right image and the left image at the left and right observation points. It is configured such that it is possible, characterized in that to observe the virtual image.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to the fifth aspect, the right and left optical elements are arranged such that a straight line connecting the centers of the left optical element and the right optical element is orthogonal to the optical axis. One central optical element is provided between the elements, and an observation image is formed by additionally arranging left and right images corresponding to the central optical element in the central part of the observation image. To do.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to the fifth or sixth aspect, the left optical element and the right optical element include an optical element having at least one of a lateral refraction action or a magnification action. It is characterized by.

  The invention described in claim 8 is the stereoscopic device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the left optical element and the right optical element are optical elements that are decentered in opposite directions. To do.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the stereoscopic device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the left optical element and the right optical element have an optical axis of the left optical element and the right optical element, respectively. It is an optical element arranged to be inclined to the side.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention is the stereoscopic device according to any one of the fifth to ninth aspects, further comprising a translucent portion peripheral portion that surrounds the translucent portion and forms a window frame, and the translucent portion peripheral portion It is characterized in that it is configured to perform a stereoscopic view over.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to the tenth aspect, the apparatus further includes a device wall surface portion that forms a house shape on a plane including the peripheral portion of the light transmitting portion.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to any one of the fifth to eleventh aspects, the translucent portion and both eyes are fixed to the head to maintain a predetermined positional relationship. The apparatus further includes a device fixing portion, and the translucent portion is held at a position away from normal glasses with respect to the distance to both eyes.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, the first reflecting mirror includes at least a first image and a right image. The second reflecting mirror reflects and condenses the left image or the left eye image to the left observation point, thereby reflecting the left and right observation points. The image display device is configured so that the images can be separated and observed.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to any one of the fifth to thirteenth aspects, the right-eye image and the left-eye image are images obtained by projective transformation for stereoscopic viewing, and the optical axis direction It is characterized by being inclined so as to have an objective depth.

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, the base of the stereoscopic device is configured to be foldable into a booklet.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the stereoscopic device according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, viewpoint detection means for detecting the viewpoint position of the observer, and viewpoint position information detected by the viewpoint detection means Calculation means for determining the display position of the image based on the image display means, and the calculation means constantly updates the image display position so that the viewpoint position is within the stereoscopic observation possible region.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, a convex lens will be mainly described as an example of the optical element. However, other optical elements such as a cylinder lens, an aspherical lens, a combination lens, and a prism may be used, or these may be combined.

  FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the configuration principle of the stereoscopic device of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a state in which the optical axis (z axis) and the stereoscopic image plane are perpendicular to each other. FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a state in which the optical axis (z axis) and the stereoscopic image plane are deviated from the vertical. Note that the stereoscopic image may be an image displayed on paper, an image displayed on a flat plate similar to paper, an image displayed on a display, or a projected image.

  These drawings show the left and right sides through an exit pupil 31 which is a through hole (a hole through which light is transmitted) provided in a light shielding barrier (a member for providing an opening serving as an exit pupil and blocking a predetermined line of sight). 3 shows an example of observing a stereoscopic image 32 arranged at the center, where the center of the left and right eyes of the observer is the origin, the line connecting the left eye and the right eye is the x axis, and the optical axis direction is z The direction orthogonal to the axis, the x-axis, and the z-axis is taken as the y-axis. In FIG. 3, a crossing-type stereoscopic device that observes both eyes with one exit pupil is also used. A parallel method in which two exit pupils (through holes) are provided and each of these is observed with the left and right eyes. It can also be set as a stereoscopic device.

  The term “transparent hole” means a part for transmitting light (translucent part). In addition to a complete hole, a hole provided with an object transparent to light such as transparent glass or a lens. May also be included.

(First embodiment)
In the conventional stereoscopic device, as shown in FIG. 3A, the optical axis (z-axis) and the stereoscopic image plane are arranged perpendicularly, whereas the first embodiment according to the present invention. 3 (b), the optical axis and the stereoscopic image plane are shifted so that the angle formed by the optical axis (z-axis) and the stereoscopic image plane deviates from a right angle. It is configured with an inclination angle θ defined by an angle formed with the normal. Therefore, the angle formed by the optical axis and the normal of the stereoscopic image plane is an angle different from 0 degrees.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 3B, the angle formed by the optical axis (z-axis) and the stereoscopic image plane is greater than the right angle with the inclination angle θ as a positive value. It is also possible to configure the angle θ to be a negative value and the angle formed by the optical axis (z-axis) and the stereoscopic image plane to be smaller than a right angle.

  In the vertical view as shown in FIG. 3A (vertical view means that the visual axis and the image plane are perpendicular to each other in the depth direction, and the horizontal direction of the screen does not mean vertical). The distance D2 between the viewpoint and the stereoscopic image is substantially constant on the upper side and the lower side (that is, in the y-axis direction) of the stereoscopic image 32. However, when the inclination angle θ is given as shown in FIG. The distance D2 between the viewpoint and the stereoscopic image is different between the upper side and the lower side of the image 32 (that is, the value in the y-axis direction plus the z-axis direction), and an objective depth (d) is added. Therefore, the focus distance (value in the z-axis direction) differs between when the upper side of the stereoscopic image 32 is watched and when the lower side is watched.

  Such focus adjustment is not an accurate focus adjustment in the sense that the convergence angle and the focus position match, but at least when the upper side of the stereoscopic image 32 is watched and when the lower side is watched. Focus adjustment is performed when the ciliary muscle relaxes or becomes tense. In other words, when the focus position is always constant as in vertical view where only the convergence angle changes, the ciliary muscle is always in tension to maintain the focus position, whereas the ciliary muscle When the focus adjustment is performed by this movement, the result is that there is little fatigue because it is released from such a tension state.

  In addition, the focus adjustment feature of the present invention by inclination is due to a time lag or unstable malfunction that occurs in a device that can dynamically handle the focus adjustment, for example, a device that changes the focus adjustment distance in response to a change in the convergence angle. There is no extreme mismatch between the convergence angle and the focus adjustment distance, and since the image plane is fixed, the change in the focus adjustment distance acts statically. The convergence angle and the focus position do not match, but the amount of change in focus adjustment due to the inclination is small, and there is only an effect that the tension of the ciliary muscle is released when the point of sight is moved. Moreover, it is stable and does not malfunction. Therefore, it is not a change in the focus adjustment distance on a scale where new fatigue occurs due to a new mismatch between the convergence angle and the focus position due to the objective depth of the inclination.

  Further, if the distance D2 between the viewpoint and the stereoscopic image 32 and the distance D1 between the exit pupil 31 and the stereoscopic image 32 are constant, the size L of the stereoscopic device is the vertical viewing shown in FIG. In this case, L = L2 = D1, whereas in the configuration of FIG. 3B with the inclination angle θ, L = L1 <D1, and the apparatus itself can be made compact. For example, in the case where the stereoscopic device of the present invention is to be deployed and used as a folding booklet style, the area of the side surface 33 corresponding to the cover of the booklet is reduced. It is possible to enjoy stereoscopic viewing easily with a small booklet. In the case of the installation type, the side surface 33 serves as a support portion of the member provided with the exit pupil, but it can be folded and stored in the same manner as the booklet style.

  In addition, when the tilt angle is provided in this way, it is not necessary to take a posture to look into the stereoscopic image from directly above, so that there is an advantage that it is possible to enjoy stereoscopic viewing in an easy posture.

  Furthermore, when the stereoscopic image is an image that is stereoscopically viewed using light reflection (reflective document), the illumination light is blocked by the member constituting the exit pupil, the head of the observer, etc. Therefore, a sufficient amount of light can be secured. In particular, in the case of the crossing method, despite the small size (for example, about half the distance of the clear vision distance), there is a distance between the opening of the light shielding barrier and both eyes, so the crossing method is on the desk. There is no need to “turn forward” when the device is placed, so you can observe in a natural posture like when reading.

  These principles and features are common to the parallel method and the intersection method. However, in the case of the parallel method, two exit pupils (lens, through-hole, etc.) for the left eye and right eye are required, and the left and right images are ordered in order so that the lines of sight do not intersect. In contrast to the parallel arrangement, the crossing method requires one common exit pupil (lens, through-hole, etc.) for the left and right eyes. Are arranged in parallel in the opposite order. These differences are also common to stereoscopic devices that observe tilted stereoscopic images with other stereoscopic means.

  When a real image is directly observed, a real image is observed, but when an optical element such as a convex lens is used, a virtual image is observed. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the position of the virtual image 34 is indicated by a broken line. However, since the virtual image can be farther from the image display surface, the stereoscopic device using the optical element described above is more compact. Is possible. When observing the virtual image 34, it goes without saying that the tilt angle of the present invention is an angle formed by the optical axis and the normal of the virtual image plane.

  Here, the stereoscopic method of the stereoscopic device with an inclination angle according to the present invention is any of stereo pair method, parallax barrier method, polarization filter method, electronic shutter method, etc. It does not matter depending on the method. Binocular parallax stereoscopic vision usually refers to a stereoscopic method in which a set of images with parallax is observed simultaneously (right image with right eye and left image with left eye). Means all the conditions for establishing stereoscopic vision are met at the moment. Accordingly, here, for example, an image having eight parallaxes arranged in a strip shape (multi-view type) may be included.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, in the stereoscopic device having an inclination angle, projective transformation is performed to recognize a normal image when the stereoscopic image is observed, and the converted image is used for stereoscopic vision. Use as an image. Hereinafter, the image after projective transformation is referred to as a tilted stereoscopic image.

  FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining a method of creating a tilted stereoscopic image. Here, since the stereoscopic vision by the crossing method is described, the right-eye image 42 and the left-eye image 43 corresponding to the original image are respectively displayed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis 41 with the optical axis 41 as the center. Place on the left and right side. In FIG. 4A, these images 42 and 43 are on the line of the right eye line of sight 44 and the left eye line of sight 45 and farther than the intersection P of these lines of sight 44 and 45 (P in the figure). It is arranged on the left side of the point.

  The positions where the image 42 and the image 43 are arranged are the positions closer to the observer than the intersection point P (in the figure) if the image 42 is arranged on the right eye line of sight 44 and the image 43 is arranged on the left eye line of sight 45. It may be a position on the right side of the point P or a position on the intersection point P. Here, the convergence angle φ is given by the angle at which the right eye line of sight 44 and the left eye line of sight 45 intersect. There is also a method in which the image 42 is arranged perpendicular to the right eye line of sight 44 and the image 43 is arranged perpendicular to the left eye line of sight 45.

  The right-eye image 42 and the left-eye image 43 can be divided as necessary. In FIG. 4A, these images are divided into two in the vertical direction as indicated by broken lines in the figure.

  Two projection planes (right projection) in which the upper part (or lower part) of the plane is inclined in the depth direction on an extension line of the lines connecting the viewpoints (R and L) corresponding to the right eye and the left eye and the images 42 and 43 The plane 46 and the left projection plane 47) are arranged, and the right-eye image 42 and the left-eye image 43, which are the original images with the respective viewpoints (R and L) as the base points, are respectively displayed on the right projection plane 46 and the left projection plane 47. Project.

  In FIG. 4A, a state in which a right projection image is created by projecting the right eye image 42 onto the right projection plane 46 with the viewpoint R of the right eye as a base point is indicated by a broken line with an arrow in the figure. The right projection image 48 obtained in this manner is a right-eye tilted stereoscopic image. Note that the left projected image 49 obtained by the same procedure is the left-eye tilted stereoscopic image.

  FIG. 4B is a diagram for explaining the state of the tilted stereoscopic image thus obtained. The right projection image 48 and the left projection image 49 reflect the square shape of the original images (42 and 43). However, the upper side of the right projection surface 46 and the left projection surface 47 is inclined to the depth side, and the upper side is longer than the bottom side.

  When the convergence angle φ in FIG. 4A is set to a small angle, the right eye line of sight 44 and the left eye line of sight 45 do not intersect between the respective viewpoints and the projection plane. In that case, the so-called parallel method is used. Accordingly, the tilted stereoscopic image can be stereoscopically viewed by the parallel method. In that case, the left-eye line of sight and the right-eye line of sight do not intersect each other, and the right-eye image 42 and the left-eye image 43 corresponding to the original image are displayed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis 41 with the optical axis 41 as the center. Place them on the right and left sides respectively. In short, the right-eye image 42 is arranged on the right visual line, the left-eye image 43 is arranged on the left-eye line of sight, and the right-eye image 42 and the left-eye image, which are the original images based on the viewpoints (R and L). 43 are respectively projected onto the right projection plane 46 and the left projection plane 47 (a parallel stereoscopic tilted stereoscopic image is shown in FIG. 7). The projective transformation described above can be processed on a computer program.

  The parallel stereoscopic image obtained in this way is somewhat different from the case of the intersection method, and each becomes an independent inverted trapezoidal figure.

  The angle θ of the inclination angle varies depending on the viewpoint, the distance between the exit pupil and the image, and the type of the display surface, but is generally preferably 3 to 70 degrees, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 60 degrees. It is good to do.

  In the case of observing a tilted stereoscopic image through an optical element, it is natural to correct the tilted stereoscopic image in consideration of the aberration generated by the optical element through which the line of sight passes. Needless to say, the parallel method stereoscopic image is observed with a parallel method viewer, and the cross method stereoscopic image is observed with a cross method viewer.

  Further, when the tilted stereoscopic image to be observed is a virtual image, the predetermined tilt angle is configured to be an angle between the normal line of the virtual image plane and the optical axis. When observing a tilted stereoscopic image with an “inclination” using an optical system installed on the optical axis, a predetermined inclination angle is applied to the image with the inflection observed with the optical system and the optical axis. In that case, the angle between the optical axis and the exit pupil is other than vertical. Note that the original stereoscopic image may be a stereo pair photo, a 3DCG (three-dimensional computer graphic) or the like, and may be a still image or a moving image. In the case of a video, it is displayed on a display that supports video.

  Further, although not all types of images, it was confirmed by experiments that a stereoscopic image with a large photographing base length ratio can be sensed with less discomfort when using a stereoscopic image with a large shooting base length ratio. Here, the photographing baseline length ratio (baseline length / photographing distance) at the time of photographing the original stereoscopic left and right images of the tilted stereoscopic left and right images is 1/4 to 1/10, which is larger than usual. Realistic stereoscopic vision with less burden is obtained. When shooting an object (close-up shooting), the range is 1/3 to 1/30, and when shooting a landscape, the range is preferably 1/8 to 1/200, more preferably 1/4 when shooting an object. It is 1/20, and ranges from 1/10 to 1/100 during landscape photography.

Example 1
A convergence angle that allows stereoscopic viewing and does not increase the burden on the eyes of the observer can be obtained by reducing the width of the opening of the light shielding barrier without using an optical component such as a lens.

  5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining a first configuration example of the stereoscopic device of the present invention. FIG. 5A shows a state during use, and FIG. 5B shows a state when stored. . As shown in FIG. 5 (b), this stereoscopic device is based on a pair of foldable covers, and is in a booklet format (book format) that can be folded like a booklet (or book) when not in use. Is.

  This stereoscopic device is configured by using a first cover 51 and a second cover 52 as a base, and these covers are provided with a stopper 57 as shown in FIG. 5 (a). . On the first cover 51, a right-inclined stereoscopic image 55 is disposed on the left side and a left-inclined stereoscopic image 56 is disposed on the right side as viewed from the observation side. When using this stereoscopic device, the two stoppers 57 are used to adjust the angle formed by the first cover 51 and the second cover 52 (this angle determines the inclination angle) and the second cover 52. The angle (90 degrees) formed by the light shielding barrier 53 formed by bending and the remaining second cover 52 is fixed. In this case, the inclination angle θ is 20 degrees.

  An opening 54 that is an exit pupil is provided in a portion of the second cover 52 that becomes the light shielding barrier 53, and the right tilted stereoscopic image 55 and the left tilted stereoscopic image 56 are displayed through the opening 54. When observing, the right tilted stereoscopic image 55 is hidden by the light blocking barrier 53 in the left eye, while the left tilted stereoscopic image 56 is hidden by the light blocking barrier 53 in the right eye. That is, since the right eye observes only the right-tilted stereoscopic image 55 and the left eye observes only the left-tilted stereoscopic image 56, the left and right images can be easily separated and observed.

  By the way, it is very difficult to accurately observe an image observed as a normal image when observed from an inclined direction from a predetermined direction without any guides or clues. This is particularly noticeable when the proportional relationship in the vertical and horizontal directions of the observed image needs to be set to a predetermined relationship. When a large number of observers including those who are not good at stereoscopic viewing observe images that normally appear when they are observed from an inclined direction, assistance is required to guide a specific appropriate observation direction. . At this time, it is more effective to hide the device that the image is inclined.

  The light shielding barrier 53 plays a role of guiding an observation direction in which the tilted stereoscopic image is recognized as a normal image to the observer, and the edge of the display surface of the image that directly indicates that the tilted stereoscopic image is tilted. It has a function of concealing and simultaneously separating left and right images necessary for stereoscopic viewing. Note that a light shielding barrier installed in an apparatus to be described later has a similar function.

  As will be described in detail later, since the width of the opening of the light shielding barrier is narrow, the light shielding barrier is made of black and the left and right portions of the opening are gray (the brightness difference between the light shielding barrier and the brightness within 4) (FIG. 5). (See enlarged view in (a)).

(Example 2)
6A and 6B are diagrams for explaining a second configuration example of the stereoscopic device of the present invention. FIG. 6A shows a state during use, and FIG. 6B shows a state when stored. . As shown in FIG. 6 (b), the stereoscopic device also has a pair of foldable covers as a base, and can be folded like a book (or notebook) when not in use. The book format (notebook format).

  This stereoscopic device is configured by using a first cover 61 and a second cover 62 as a base, and these covers are provided with stoppers 67 as shown in FIG. 6A. . On the first cover 61, a right-inclined stereoscopic image 65 is arranged on the left side as viewed from the observation side, and a left-inclined stereoscopic image 66 is arranged on the right side. When using this stereoscopic device, the two stoppers 67 cause the angle formed by the first cover sheet 61 and the second cover sheet 62 (this angle determines the inclination angle) and the second cover sheet 62. The angle (90 degrees) formed by the light shielding barrier 63 formed by bending and the remaining portion of the second cover 62 is fixed.

  An opening 64 having a convex lens 68 is provided in a portion of the second cover 62 that becomes the light shielding barrier 63, and the right tilted stereoscopic image 65 and the left tilted stereoscopic image 66 are observed through the convex lens 68. Then, the right eye observes only the right-tilted stereoscopic image 65 and the left eye observes only the left-tilted stereoscopic image 66 by the action of the light shielding barrier 63, so that the left and right images can be easily observed separately. It will be.

  The right tilted stereoscopic image 65 and the left tilted stereoscopic image 66 are tilt angles determined by the angle between the first cover 61 and the second cover 62 and the position of the exit pupil (that is, the right tilted stereoscopic image 65 and the left tilted stereoscopic image 65). The angle formed by the optical axis in which the tilted stereoscopic image 66 is desired and the first cover sheet 61) and the aberration of the convex lens 68 are taken into consideration. In this case, the inclination angle was 25 degrees.

  When the convex lens 68 is provided in the opening 64 in this way, the enlarged virtual image is formed farther than the real image by the image magnification function of the convex lens, so that the entire apparatus can be made compact. In addition, since the convergence angle can be reduced by the refractive action of the lens, stereoscopic observation can be performed at a convergence angle that is easy to observe. The convex lens may be a cylinder lens, an aspheric lens, or a combination lens.

  The apparatus shown in Example 1 and Example 2 is an example of a stereoscopic device using a crossing method. As described above, the parallel method apparatus can be configured by arranging the inclined stereoscopic images in parallel at predetermined positions in front of the right eye and the left eye. In this case, a pair of exit pupils (through holes, lenses, etc.) for the left eye and the right eye are prepared and placed in front of the eye on the optical axis.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the exit pupil of one convex lens (68a, 68b) for the left eye and one for the right eye is provided in the stereoscopic method using the intersection method shown in FIG. When viewing images arranged in parallel as viewed from the right (a right-inclined stereoscopic image 65 disposed on the left side and a left-inclined stereoscopic image 66 disposed on the right side), a stereoscopic device using the parallel method is obtained. be able to.

  Before or after the convex lenses on the left and right optical axes of the apparatus shown in FIG. 7, a prism whose apex angle faces the optical axis side is added, or one or two mirrors that bend the optical axis are added to add two mirrors It is also possible to use a four-viewer or a four-viewer. It is also possible to decenter the light beam by moving the left and right convex lenses laterally to the side opposite to the optical axis.

  In the apparatus using the light shielding barrier by the intersection method as shown in FIG. 5 of the first embodiment and FIG. 6 of the present embodiment, the width of the opening becomes narrower (the binocular width or less is usually about 4 cm or less, optical The one with the element can be a little wider). In addition, since there is a distance between the opening of the light shielding barrier and the eye, the field of view becomes extremely narrow when the width of the opening is narrowed. In particular, when the light-shielding barrier is a black material, both ends of the field of view are narrowed, and the eye feels painful with a sense of illness that disappears when the field of vision is lost.

  Therefore, in order to relieve such pain, the left and right sides of the opening of the light shielding barrier described above are made of a material having a lightness in the vicinity of the lightness of the average value of the entire pixels of the observation image (FIG. 5A and FIG. (See the enlarged view in FIG. 6A). For example, the light blocking barrier is made of black or white, and the left and right parts of the opening are made gray with a lightness close to the observed image.

  The difference between the lightness of the average value of the entire pixels of the observation image and the lightness of the left and right portions of the light-shielding barrier is effective when set to 4 or less when white is 10 and black is 0, and is set to 3 or less. Is preferred. When light emission or transmitted light is involved, the brightness is observed from the viewpoint. Such brightness difference setting can be applied to the entire apparatus that blocks the line of sight with the light blocking barrier of the present invention.

(Example 3)
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a third configuration example of the stereoscopic device according to the present invention. In this stereoscopic device, the upper part of the tilted stereoscopic image is arranged to be inclined in the depth direction and observed from a predetermined direction. The optical axis is inclined so that a convex lens L having a prism L2 whose apex angle faces the optical axis as a left optical element is bonded to a predetermined position on the optical axis, and the apex angle is an optical axis as a right optical element. Convex lenses R to which prisms R2 facing side are bonded are arranged on the left and right as viewed from the viewpoint side. This stereoscopic device is also based on a pair of foldable covers, and is of a book format (notebook format) that can be folded like a book (or notebook) when not in use (FIG. 8). The booklet substrate is represented by a broken line).

  Hereinafter, the optical element on the right side when viewed from the viewpoint is referred to as the right optical element, the optical element on the left side is referred to as the left optical element, and the optical element at the center intersecting the optical axis is referred to as the central optical element. That is, the “center optical element” is an element whose center is disposed on the optical axis, and the “right optical element” is an element whose center is disposed on the right side of the optical axis when viewed from the observer. Each of the “left optical elements” is defined as one in which the center of the element is arranged on the left side of the optical axis when viewed from the observer.

  On the first cover 71, there are a first right-tilted stereoscopic image 75a, a first left-tilted stereoscopic image 76a, a second right-tilted stereoscopic image 75b, and a second left-tilted stereoscopic image 76b. These prisms are arranged in this order so as to have a predetermined interval, and are provided on the optical element support member 73 having the opening 74 opened in a state where the second cover 72 is developed so as to have a predetermined inclination angle. Each tilted stereoscopic image is simultaneously observed from a predetermined observation position via a convex lens L (left optical element) bonded with L2 and a convex lens R (right optical element) bonded with prism R2. The optical element support member 73 is a flat plate and also serves as a light shielding plate.

  The light beam from the right-tilted stereoscopic image 75a is incident on the convex lens L (left optical element) with the prism L2, deviates outward, and reaches the viewer's right eye. Note that the optical axis side of each image is defined as the inside, and the side opposite to the optical axis is defined as the outside. The light beam from the left-tilted stereoscopic image 76a enters the convex lens L (left optical element) with the prism L2, exits with an angle deviated outward, and reaches the left eye of the observer. The light beam from the right-tilted stereoscopic image 75b enters the convex lens R (right optical element) with the prism R2, exits with an angle deviated outward, and reaches the observer's right eye. The light beam from the left-tilted stereoscopic image 76b enters the convex lens R (right optical element) with the prism R2, exits with a declination outward, and reaches the left eye of the observer. Here, there is a special meaning that the light emitted from the optical element is “deflected to the outside”. This is also related to the inclination of the optical axis of the prism, the eccentric lens, and the optical element. Since the principle is the same as FIG. 9A, a description will be given later.

  Accordingly, the first left-tilted stereoscopic image 76a and the second left-tilted stereoscopic image 76b are observed as the left-eye image continuous in the horizontal direction on the left eye of the observer, while the first left-tilted stereoscopic image 76b is observed on the right eye. The right tilted stereoscopic image 75a and the second right tilted stereoscopic image 75b are observed as images for the right eye that are continuous in the horizontal direction.

  Here, the first right-tilted stereoscopic image 75a and the second right-tilted stereoscopic image 75b are obtained by dividing one right-eye image into two. Therefore, when the first right-angled stereoscopic image 75a and the right-angled stereoscopic image 75b are connected, one right-eye image is obtained. Similarly, the first left-tilted stereoscopic image 76a and the second left-tilted stereoscopic image 76b are obtained by dividing one left-eye image into two, and these left-tilted stereoscopic images are connected. When combined, one left-eye image is obtained.

  The convex lens R and the convex lens L are decentered lenses in which the original optical center of the lens is shifted to the side opposite to the optical axis of the stereoscopic device. By using an eccentric lens, it becomes possible to deviate the light beam from the tilted stereoscopic image more greatly.

  In addition, since the prisms with the apex angle toward the optical axis are bonded to the decentered convex lens on the right optical element and the left optical element, respectively, the declination value obtained by combining the declination of the convex lens and the declination of the prism is can get. The apex angle of this prism is 7 degrees.

  The eccentric convex lens and the prism may be integrated into a prism body. As a result, since the declination of the decentered convex lens and the prism acts in combination, the optical element can be made thin or the aberration can be reduced, and even when the left and right images for stereoscopic viewing are large images, it is not unreasonable. Observation at the convergence angle becomes possible.

  In addition, the right optical element and the left optical element are tilted toward the viewer, and the optical axes of the right optical element and the left optical element are tilted toward the viewer. Thereby, lens aberration can be reduced.

  Here, the inclined stereoscopic images (75a, 76a, 75b, 76b) are arranged so as to have a predetermined distance from each other. These intervals become blind spots when observed from the predetermined observation positions of both the left and right eyes, and become a so-called “play” area.

  By extending each image to this blank area (up to half the maximum blank area), there is room (play) in the stereoscopic viewable area of the viewpoint, and even if the observer moves the head slightly to the left and right Fits in the viewable area. For this reason, stereoscopic vision is possible even if the head moves somewhat, so that the observer's tension is reduced and fatigue is reduced. The above-mentioned “play” area is also in the fourth embodiment.

  Thus, in addition to being able to perform left and right separated observation at a reasonable convergence angle, these inclined stereoscopic images are provided with objective depths at the top and bottom of the image. By moving the viewpoint, the ciliary muscle of the eyeball repeats relaxation and tension, thereby reducing eye fatigue.

  In addition, there is no reverse stereo vision or gray zone (area where stereo vision is established or not established) in the lenticular method, and the number of left and right image divisions is very small (and therefore there are few joints). Therefore, it is possible to clearly see that it is out of the stereoscopic view possible region, so that the viewpoint position can be corrected subjectively, which is effective in reducing fatigue.

Example 4
The stereoscopic device shown in FIG. 8 includes a convex lens with two prisms, a right optical element and a left optical element. When observing an image with these two lenses joined at the center, the human eye has extremely high sensitivity at the center, resulting in a conspicuous image seam caused by the joint of the lens. Therefore, in the stereoscopic device of this embodiment, another convex lens (center optical element) is added between the two convex lenses for the purpose of shifting the seam of the image to the left and right to make the seam inconspicuous. Then, the joint portion of the lens is distributed to the left and right. Corresponding to the addition of the convex lens, a right tilted stereoscopic image piece and a left tilted stereoscopic image piece for the central optical element are added one by one.

  FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram of a stereoscopic device having such an optical system configuration, and its basic configuration is the same as that shown in FIG. Only the portion of the visual image is shown. It is the figure which looked at these from the top.

  In this stereoscopic viewing device, a first right tilted stereoscopic image 81a, a first left tilted stereoscopic image 82a, and a second right tilted stereoscopic image 81b are displayed on the left side in the figure symmetrically about the optical axis. The second left tilted stereoscopic image 82b, the third right tilted stereoscopic image 81c, and the third left tilted stereoscopic image 82c are disposed on the right side.

  As a matter of course, the first to third right tilted stereoscopic images are obtained by dividing one right eye image into three, and the first to third left tilted stereoscopic images are for one left eye. Since the image is divided into three, when these tilted stereoscopic images are connected horizontally, one right-eye image or left-eye image is obtained.

  The lens system consists of a convex lens L bonded to the left and right of the central convex lens C, and a convex lens R bonded to the prism L. These lenses are joined to a tilted stereoscopic image and an observer. Place between the eyes.

  The convex lens L and the convex lens R are eccentric convex lenses in which the original optical center of the lens is shifted to the side opposite to the optical axis of the stereoscopic device. Therefore, the declination values act by summing the declination values of the decentered convex lens and the prism. Each convex lens and the prism may be integrated, or the entire optical element including the central convex lens may be integrally manufactured.

  The light beam from the first right-angled stereoscopic image 81a enters the convex lens L with a prism L (left optical element), exits with a declination outward, and reaches the right eye. The light beam from the first left-tilted stereoscopic image 82a enters the convex lens L with a prism L (left optical element), exits with a declination outward, and reaches the left eye. The light beam from the second right-angled stereoscopic image 81b for the central optical element enters the convex lens C (central optical element), exits, and reaches the right eye. The light beam from the second left-tilt stereoscopic image 82b for the central optical element enters the convex lens C (central optical element), exits, and reaches the left eye. The light beam from the third right-tilted stereoscopic image 81c enters the convex lens R (right optical element) with the prism R, exits with a declination outward, and reaches the right eye. The light beam from the third left-tilted stereoscopic image 82c enters the convex lens R with prism R (right optical element), exits with a declination outward, and reaches the left eye.

  Therefore, when each image is simultaneously observed from the predetermined observation position through the convex lens L with the prism L (left optical element), the convex lens C (center optical element), and the convex lens R with prism R2 (right optical element) from both the left and right eyes, In the left eye, the left eye image in which the first to third left inclined stereoscopic images are laterally continuous, and in the right eye, the right eye image in which the first to third right inclined stereoscopic images are laterally continuous are respectively. Observed at a reasonable angle of convergence.

  Here, the meaning of “the light from the left and right stereoscopic image is incident on the left optical element, deviates outward (in the direction opposite to the optical axis), and exits to reach the left and right eyes” described above, respectively. (The description of the right optical element is omitted because it can be considered symmetrical). To deviate outward means that the left and right stereoscopic images can be arranged further outside the optical axis, and at the same time, the horizontal width of each of the left and right stereoscopic images can be increased.

  Since this is a problem related to the convex lens, the prism and eccentric lens attached thereto, and the inclination of the optical axis of the lens, these will be described together.

  Referring to FIG. 9B, if a plurality of convex lenses shown in FIG. 1A are simply arranged side by side and images corresponding to the respective optical elements are prepared, a wider field of view than that of a single convex lens can be obtained. (This is slightly different from the lenticular method). In this case, the optical axis of each convex lens is parallel.

However, if the convex lenses are simply arranged and the left and right images corresponding to them are simply arranged at predetermined positions, a phenomenon in which the images overlap (82a and 81b and 82b and 81c) occurs. To avoid this, the width of each image can be reduced, but the observable area is narrowed and the field of view is narrowed (in the lenticular method, the width of the right image and the left image is half of the corresponding lens width). Width). An apparatus with a narrow field of view may be used. Even in this case, the configuration is clearly different from the lenticular method in that the line connecting the center connecting the pair of right and left images and the center of the corresponding optical element is inclined toward the viewer. Furthermore, in order to make a device with a wide field of view (that is, a wide image width), it can be realized by the following configurations (a) and (b).
(A) The declination angle of the convex lens is increased, and the image is moved outward of the optical axis. The declination angle can be adjusted with a prism, an eccentric lens, or the like.
(B) The optical element itself is tilted toward the viewer, and the image is moved in the direction outside the optical axis.

  These configurations make it possible to observe a larger left and right image within the range of practical lens aberrations, for example, than the left and right images optimized by the apparatus shown in FIG. 9B. In other words, light from right and left stereoscopic images corresponding to the optical elements respectively enters, deviates outward, and exits to reach the left and right eyes, respectively. In the configuration of the optical path emitted with an inward deflection angle, the image width becomes small.

  The lens system is not necessarily limited to the mode shown in FIG. 9A, and as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the convex lenses arranged on the left and right of the central convex lens are tilted toward the viewer. Left and right optical elements of these lens systems, in addition to those that are joined together (FIG. 10A), those that are configured by arranging a plurality of convex lenses on the left and right of the central convex lens (FIG. 10B), etc. The prism may be added.

  The stereoscopic device shown in FIG. 9A is similar to the lenticular lens type stereoscopic device with a reduced number of lenses at first glance, but the number of lenses and strip-like images required in the lenticular lens method. A method that requires a regular arrangement of half-width strip images of each lens and the number of lenses is too large to make a stereoscopic device practically impossible. It is. In the lenticular lens method, a real image is observed with the lens unit in close contact immediately before the image. However, in the stereoscopic device of the present invention, the lens unit is arranged between the viewpoint and the image to observe a virtual image. There are differences in principle.

  In the case of the apparatus of the present invention (Example 3 and Example 4), the optical axes of the right optical element and the left optical element are inclined toward the optical axis side of the stereoscopic device. If comprised in this way, the lens aberration of the right end of a right side optical element and the left side of a left side optical element can be made small. Furthermore, for example, when an image is observed through the left optical element with the right eye, the influence of external light reflection that occurs on the surface of the optical element (for example, a lens) is reduced. Of course, the same applies to the image observation with the left eye.

  Further, the joint portion between the right optical element and the left optical element shown in the third and fourth embodiments may be somewhat separated. If this part is imitated, for example, as a window rail, it is possible to provide an entertaining device that allows the scenery to be viewed in three dimensions across the window, and at the same time, join the right and left optical elements. Since the portion is hidden, the optical element and the accuracy of assembling the optical element can be reduced, and there is an advantage that an inexpensive apparatus can be provided.

  Furthermore, the right optical element and the left optical element of Example 3 and Example 4 may each be composed of a plurality of sheets. However, in that case, it is necessary to prepare a stereoscopic image piece twice as many as the number of optical elements. It is also possible to add a field lens to the optical system.

  8, 9 (a), 12 (a), and 12 (b), when a vertical viewing device is used, the inclination angle θ is 0 degree, and a stereoscopic image is divided from a normal image. Observe things.

(Example 5)
All of the stereoscopic devices described in the embodiments so far are configured to arrange an image in the optical axis direction, but the position where the image is arranged is not necessarily limited to the optical axis direction.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of a stereoscopic device including a concave mirror on the optical axis. Although the apparatus shown in this figure is an installation type, it is needless to say that a booklet type apparatus configuration can be adopted.

  A concave mirror 103 is disposed on the optical axis 102 when viewed from both the left and right eyes through a window 104 provided in the apparatus, and a right-tilted stereoscopic image 105 placed on the image display unit 101 on the lower surface of the apparatus. And the left inclined stereoscopic image 106 are reflected by the concave mirror 103 and recognized by the observer.

  The reflection of light by the concave mirror has the same effect as the refraction of the convex lens. Therefore, even if the convex lens of the apparatus shown in FIG. 6A is replaced with a concave mirror as shown in this figure, a stereoscopic device based on the same principle is constructed. can do. As a matter of course, the right and left tilted stereoscopic images (105, 106) are reflected by the concave mirror 103, so that they are mirror images, and the right and left tilted stereoscopic images are viewed upside down as viewed from the observer. The right tilt stereoscopic image 105 is juxtaposed on the left side and the left tilt stereo image 106 is juxtaposed side by side on the right side.

  The concave mirror 103 is arranged to be tilted forward of the viewpoint so that light from an image having an inclination angle is reflected and reaches the observer's viewpoint. In addition, the window 104 is installed between the viewpoint and the concave mirror 103 and has the same function as the light shielding barrier. It is more effective to hide the presence of the concave mirror.

  Light from the right and left tilted stereoscopic images (105, 106) crosses on the optical axis 102 and enters the concave mirror 103, is reflected by the concave mirror 103, and reaches the right and left eyes as a normal image. Therefore, binocular parallax stereoscopic viewing becomes possible by simultaneously observing with both left and right eyes.

  The concave mirror can enlarge the image, and the angle of declination can be set larger than that of the plane mirror, so that the convergence angle can be reduced. Further, the concave mirror has the advantage that the weight can be reduced even if it is larger than the lens.

  The concave mirror 103 is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis 102, and a half mirror is installed between the viewpoint and the concave mirror 103 so that the lower part is inclined 45 degrees toward the viewpoint side. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the lower part of the image is made higher than the upper part of the image so as to have an inclination angle (become a front-turned state) and placed under the half mirror. In this apparatus, the light from the right and left tilted stereoscopic images 105 and 106 is reflected by the half mirror described above, bent 45 degrees and incident on the concave mirror 103, and the light reflected by the concave mirror 103 is directed toward the half mirror. Return and pass through the half mirror to reach the left and right eyes.

  The concave mirror may be an aspherical mirror. It is also possible to arrange the entire apparatus symmetrically on a horizontal plane and arrange the image portion on top.

  In addition to such a configuration, the apparatus is configured to include a reflecting mirror (a plane mirror or a curved mirror) as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, and an image is reflected by these reflecting mirrors. The same effect can be obtained.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 12A, the first left-eye image L1 reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 and the second left-eye image L2 reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 are observed. The first right-eye image R1 recognized by the left eye of the person and reflected by the first reflector M1 and the second right-eye image R2 reflected by the second reflector M2 are continuously observed. It is recognized by the right eye of the person, and this enables stereoscopic viewing.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 12B, the first left-eye image L1 reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 and the second left-eye image L2 reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 are used. Is the left eye of the observer, and the first right-eye image R1 reflected by the first reflector M1 and the second right-eye image R2 reflected by the second reflector M2 are the right of the observer. Recognized by the eye and reflected by the third right-eye image R3 and the fourth reflecting mirror M4 reflected by the third reflecting mirror M3 disposed behind the first and second reflecting mirrors. The third left-eye image L3 thus recognized is recognized by the observer's right eye and left eye, respectively, thereby enabling stereoscopic viewing.

  Needless to say, in such a configuration, each image needs to be a mirror image. In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the pair of left and right reflecting mirrors (M1 and M2, M3 and M4) are arranged with an obtuse angle on the reflecting surface side. Thus, it is possible to have a configuration in which the light is reflected to the opposite side of the optical path shown in each figure. In this case, the arrangement of each image is reversed on the left and right and front and back.

(Example 6)
All the embodiments described above are capable of stereoscopic observation when the image is directed around the optical axis and the right eye is placed on the right side of the optical axis and the left eye is placed on the left side of the optical axis. It is an apparatus that cannot arrange stereoscopic vision by locating eyes.

  However, when the viewpoint moves and moves out of the stereoscopic observation possible area, the image displayed on the image display unit is moved to the optimal position and displayed, and if this is repeated, the viewpoint always becomes the stereoscopic observation possible area. Will fit.

  Such a stereoscopic device can be realized by a computer that can execute the following steps shown in FIG. Specifically, first, the viewpoint is detected by means for detecting the viewpoint of the observer (for example, a head tracking device) (S11). Next, based on the value obtained in step S11, the display position of the image displayed on the display as the image display unit is calculated (S12), and the calculated image display position is determined as the display position (S13). Then, an image is displayed at the position (S14). By repeating these steps S11 to S14 and updating the image display position, the image is always displayed at the optimum position on the display. In displaying the image in step S14, it is preferable to display the image with image correction taking lens aberration into consideration. Further, the horizontal position of both the left and right images may be corrected.

  In the embodiments so far, the inclined stereoscopic images do not necessarily have to be on the same plane, and a plurality of images have a chamfered screen shape of an inner curve or an outer curve so that each image plane intersects at an angle of 180 degrees or less. Alternatively, they may be arranged in a curved shape. Furthermore, the entire apparatus may be an HMD that is worn on the head, and may be mounted on a mobile phone, a mobile computer, or the like.

  With the aforementioned booklet-type or installation-type device, the light-shielding barrier or observation optical element that is the exit pupil part and the stereoscopic image display part can be separated, or the stereoscopic image display part can be replaced. It is also possible to make a device that sometimes uses both in combination.

(Second Embodiment)
In the present embodiment, as in the conventional stereoscopic device, as shown in FIG. 3A, the optical axis (z-axis) and the stereoscopic image plane will be described using a device arranged vertically. However, it is also possible to use the stereoscopic image technique having the inclination employed in the stereoscopic device of the first embodiment described above. That is, by adding the configuration of the first embodiment to the present embodiment, in addition to the effect of tilting the stereoscopic image, the effect of the present embodiment can be further enjoyed, but without tilting, that is, Even when the inclination angle θ is set to 0, the effect of this embodiment can be obtained. Note that the tilt angle 0 and the vertical view are angles between the visual axis and the vertical direction of the stereoscopic image plane, and do not include the angle with the horizontal direction.

Example 1
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of the stereoscopic device of the present embodiment. In this stereoscopic device, the stereoscopic image is not inclined, but as shown in FIG. It is also possible to tilt the optical axis so that the optical axis can be observed from a predetermined direction.

  At a predetermined position on the optical axis, a convex lens L in which a prism L2 whose apex angle faces the optical axis is bonded as a left optical element, and a prism R2 whose apex angle faces the optical axis is bonded as a right optical element. Convex lenses R are arranged on the left and right as viewed from the viewpoint. This stereoscopic device is also based on a pair of foldable covers, and is of a book format (notebook format) that can be folded like a book (or notebook) when not in use (FIG. 8). And 15, the booklet substrate is represented by a broken line).

  Hereinafter, the optical element on the right side when viewed from the viewpoint is referred to as the right optical element, the optical element on the left side is referred to as the left optical element, and the optical element at the center intersecting the optical axis is referred to as the central optical element. That is, the “center optical element” is an element whose center is disposed on the optical axis, and the “right optical element” is an element whose center is disposed on the right side of the optical axis when viewed from the observer. Each of the “left optical elements” is defined as one in which the center of the element is arranged on the left side of the optical axis when viewed from the observer.

  On the first cover 151, a first right stereoscopic image 155a, a first left stereoscopic image 156a, a second right stereoscopic image 155b, and a second left stereoscopic image 156b are arranged in this order. An optical element support member 153 which is arranged so as to have a predetermined interval and opens the opening 154 in a state where the second cover 152 is developed so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis (or to have a predetermined inclination angle). Each stereoscopic image is observed simultaneously from a predetermined observation position via a convex lens L (left optical element) bonded with the prism L2 and a convex lens R (right optical element) bonded with the prism R2. The optical element support member 153 is a flat plate and also serves as a light shielding plate.

  The light flux from the right stereoscopic image 155a enters the convex lens L (left optical element) with the prism L2, exits with a declination outward, and reaches the right eye of the observer. Note that the optical axis side of each image is defined as the inside, and the side opposite to the optical axis is defined as the outside. The light beam from the left stereoscopic image 156a is incident on the convex lens L (left optical element) with the prism L2, deviated outward, and reaches the left eye of the observer. The light beam from the right stereoscopic image 155b enters the convex lens R (right optical element) with the prism R2, exits with an angle deviated outward, and reaches the observer's right eye. The light beam from the left stereoscopic image 156b is incident on the convex lens R (right optical element) with the prism R2, deviated outward, and reaches the left eye of the observer. Here, there is a special meaning that the light emitted from the optical element is “deflected outward”. This point will be described later with reference to FIG.

  Therefore, the first left stereoscopic image 156a and the second left stereoscopic image 156b are observed as a left-eye image continuous in the horizontal direction in the left eye of the observer, while the first right stereoscopic image 156a and the second left stereoscopic image 156b are observed in the right eye. The stereoscopic image 155a and the second right stereoscopic image 155b are observed as right-eye images that are continuous in the horizontal direction.

  Here, the first right stereoscopic image 155a and the second right stereoscopic image 155b are obtained by dividing one right-eye image into two. Therefore, when the first right stereoscopic image 155a and the right stereoscopic image 155b are connected, one right-eye image is obtained. Similarly, the first left stereoscopic image 156a and the second left stereoscopic image 156b are obtained by dividing one image for the left eye into two, and when these left stereoscopic images are connected, 1 It becomes the image for the left eye.

  The convex lens R and the convex lens L are decentered lenses in which the original optical center of the lens is shifted to the side opposite to the optical axis of the stereoscopic device. By using an eccentric lens, it becomes possible to deviate the light beam from the stereoscopic image more greatly.

  In addition, since the prisms with the apex angle toward the optical axis side are bonded to the decentered convex lens on the right optical element and the left optical element, respectively, the declination value obtained by combining the declination of the convex lens and the declination of the prism is can get. The apex angle of this prism is 7 degrees.

  The eccentric convex lens and the prism may be integrated into a prism body. As a result, since the declination of the decentered convex lens and the prism acts in combination, the optical element can be made thin or the aberration can be reduced, and even when the left and right images for stereoscopic viewing are large images, it is not unreasonable. Observation at the convergence angle becomes possible.

  In addition, the right optical element and the left optical element are tilted toward the viewer, and the optical axes of the right optical element and the left optical element are tilted toward the viewer. Thereby, lens aberration can be reduced.

  Here, the stereoscopic images (155a, 156a, 155b, 156b) are arranged so as to have a predetermined distance from each other. These intervals become blind spots when observed from the predetermined observation positions of both the left and right eyes, and become a so-called “play” area.

  By extending each image to this blank area (up to half the maximum blank area), there is room (play) in the stereoscopic viewable area of the viewpoint, and even if the observer moves the head slightly to the left and right Fits in the viewable area. For this reason, stereoscopic vision is possible even if the head moves somewhat, so that the observer's tension is reduced and fatigue is reduced. Any example of this embodiment may include the “play” area described above.

  In addition, there is no reverse stereo vision or gray zone (area where stereo vision is established or not established) in the lenticular method, and the number of left and right image divisions is very small (and therefore there are few joints). Therefore, it is possible to clearly see that it is out of the stereoscopic view possible region, so that the viewpoint position can be corrected subjectively, which is effective in reducing fatigue.

(Example 2)
The stereoscopic device and the example for realizing the principle of the present embodiment have been described with reference to FIG. 14, and this application example will be further described below. The stereoscopic device according to the present embodiment has been described as a configuration having two convex lenses with prisms, a right optical element and a left optical element. However, when such two lenses are joined at the center, and an image is observed, Since the eye has extremely high sensitivity at the center, the result is a conspicuous image seam caused by the joint of the lens. Therefore, in the stereoscopic device of this embodiment, another convex lens (center optical element) is added between the two convex lenses for the purpose of shifting the seam of the image to the left and right to make the seam inconspicuous. Then, the joint portion of the lens is distributed to the left and right. Corresponding to the addition of the convex lens, a right stereoscopic image piece and a left stereoscopic image piece for the central optical element are added one by one.

  FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram of a stereoscopic apparatus having such an optical system configuration, and the basic configuration is the same as that shown in FIG. Only the image portion is shown. It is the figure which looked at these from the top.

  In this stereoscopic device, a first right stereoscopic image 81a, a first left stereoscopic image 82a, and a second right stereoscopic image 81b are arranged on the left side in the figure symmetrically about the optical axis, A second left stereoscopic image 82b, a third right stereoscopic image 81c, and a third left stereoscopic image 82c are arranged on the right side.

  As a matter of course, the first to third right stereoscopic images are obtained by dividing one right-eye image into three, and the first to third left stereoscopic images are one left-eye image. Since these stereoscopic images are divided into three, when these stereoscopic images are connected horizontally, one right-eye image or left-eye image is obtained.

  In the lens system, the left and right sides of the central convex lens C are joined in a symmetrical manner with a convex lens L bonded to a prism L and a convex lens R bonded with a prism L, and these lenses are connected to a stereoscopic image and an observer. Place between eyes.

  The convex lens L and the convex lens R are eccentric convex lenses in which the original optical center of the lens is shifted to the side opposite to the optical axis of the stereoscopic device. Therefore, the declination values act by summing the declination values of the decentered convex lens and the prism. Each convex lens and the prism may be integrated, or the entire optical element including the central convex lens may be integrally manufactured.

  The light beam from the first right stereoscopic image 81a enters the convex lens L with a prism L (left optical element), exits with a declination outward, and reaches the right eye. The light beam from the first left stereoscopic image 82a enters the convex lens L with a prism L (left optical element), exits with a declination outward, and reaches the left eye. The light beam from the second right stereoscopic image 81b for the central optical element enters the convex lens C (central optical element), exits, and reaches the right eye. The light beam from the second left stereoscopic image 82b for the central optical element enters the convex lens C (central optical element), exits, and reaches the left eye. The light beam from the third right stereoscopic image 81c is incident on the convex lens R with prism R (right optical element), deviates outward, and reaches the right eye. The light beam from the third left stereoscopic image 82c enters the convex lens R (right optical element) with the prism R, exits with a declination outward, and reaches the left eye.

  Therefore, when each image is simultaneously observed from the predetermined observation position through the convex lens L with the prism L (left optical element), the convex lens C (center optical element), and the convex lens R with prism R2 (right optical element) from both the left and right eyes, In the left eye, the left eye image in which the first to third left stereoscopic images are laterally continuous, and in the right eye, the right eye image in which the first to third right stereoscopic images are laterally continuous are impossible. Observed with no convergence angle.

  Here, the meaning of “the light from the left and right stereoscopic image is incident on the left optical element, deviates outward (in the direction opposite to the optical axis), and exits to reach the left and right eyes” described above, respectively. (The description of the right optical element is omitted because it can be considered symmetrical). To deviate outward means that the left and right stereoscopic images can be arranged further outside the optical axis, and at the same time, the horizontal width of each of the left and right stereoscopic images can be increased.

  Since this is a problem related to the convex lens, the prism and eccentric lens attached thereto, and the inclination of the optical axis of the lens, these will be described together.

  Referring to FIG. 9B, if a plurality of convex lenses shown in FIG. 1A are simply arranged side by side and images corresponding to the respective optical elements are prepared, a wider field of view than that of a single convex lens can be obtained. (This is slightly different from the lenticular method). In this case, the optical axis of each convex lens is parallel.

However, if the convex lenses are simply arranged and the left and right images corresponding to them are simply arranged at predetermined positions, a phenomenon in which the images overlap (82a and 81b and 82b and 81c) occurs. To avoid this, the width of each image can be reduced, but the observable area is narrowed and the field of view is narrowed (in the lenticular method, the width of the right image and the left image is half of the corresponding lens width). Width). An apparatus with a narrow field of view may be used. Even in this case, the configuration is clearly different from the lenticular method in that the line connecting the center connecting the pair of right and left images and the center of the corresponding optical element is inclined toward the viewer. Furthermore, in order to make a device with a wide field of view (that is, a wide image width), it can be realized by the following configurations (a) and (b).
(A) The declination angle of the convex lens is increased, and the image is moved outward of the optical axis. The declination angle can be adjusted with a prism, an eccentric lens, or the like.
(B) The optical element itself is tilted toward the viewer, and the image is moved in the direction outside the optical axis.

  These configurations make it possible to observe a larger left and right image within the range of practical lens aberrations, for example, than the left and right images optimized by the apparatus shown in FIG. 9B. In other words, light from right and left stereoscopic images corresponding to the optical elements respectively enters, deviates outward, and exits to reach the left and right eyes, respectively. In the configuration of the optical path emitted with an inward deflection angle, the image width becomes small.

  The lens system is not necessarily limited to the mode shown in FIG. 9A, and as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the convex lenses arranged on the left and right of the central convex lens are tilted toward the viewer. Left and right optical elements of these lens systems, in addition to those that are joined together (FIG. 10A), those that are configured by arranging a plurality of convex lenses on the left and right of the central convex lens (FIG. 10B), etc. The prism may be added.

  The stereoscopic device shown in FIG. 9A is similar to the lenticular lens type stereoscopic device with a reduced number of lenses at first glance, but the number of lenses and strip-like images required in the lenticular lens method. It is necessary to regularly arrange strip-shaped images with a width of half of each lens, and when the number of lenses is several, the lens becomes too large and a stereoscopic device cannot be practically realized. is there. In the lenticular lens method, a real image is observed with the lens unit in close contact immediately before the image. However, in the stereoscopic device of the present invention, the lens unit is arranged between the viewpoint and the image to observe a virtual image. There are differences in principle. That is, also in this respect, it can be understood that the present embodiment exhibits a predetermined effect based on a principle different from the conventional one.

(Example 3)
The joint between the right optical element and the left optical element in this embodiment may be somewhat separated, but for example, a part imitating a window rail may be attached to this part. In this embodiment, a stereoscopic image or a three-dimensional window frame is provided on the optical element portion of the stereoscopic device of the present embodiment to further enhance the stereoscopic effect.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the stereoscopic device with a window frame according to the present embodiment. Lights emitted from the stereoscopic images 155a, 156a, 155b and 156b are sequentially reflected by the mirror 2 and the mirror 1 and enter the right eye and the left eye through the lens part which is a translucent part, respectively, and are recognized as a stereoscopic image. The Although the stereoscopic image and the lens unit are fixed by the base body, in the present embodiment, the lens unit is disposed so as to be surrounded by the window frame 163 that is the periphery of the light transmitting unit. Further, the window frame 163 is provided at the center of a house shape 164 that is an apparatus wall surface portion having an upper portion formed in a roof shape. In this embodiment, the lower part of the house shape 164 is fixed to the base.

  Here, the house-shaped lid 164 is attached to a box-shaped base body (the side is omitted in FIG. 15) with the side 1 as a rotation axis, and the lens portion is attached to the window frame 163. It is more effective if it is installed so that it is hidden behind the lens and the lens part looks like glass when viewed from the observer side. The lens unit is almost the same as the configuration of the optical element 154 shown in FIG. 14, and the above-described variations are possible for the configuration of the left and right optical elements of the lens unit. In other words, a combination of convex lenses, a combination of convex lenses with prisms, a rotation of the optical axes of the left and right lenses toward the viewer, and the like are possible.

  Also in this apparatus, the optical axis is perpendicular to the stereoscopic image, but an inclined angle can be given to form an inclined stereoscopic image. The stereoscopic image corresponds to the optical element of the lens unit. The image is divided and arranged in the order of the first right stereoscopic image 155a, the first left stereoscopic image 156a, the second right stereoscopic image 155b, and the second left stereoscopic image 156b. Here, the stereoscopic image may be a photograph or a display, but in the case of a display, it is performed by a circuit or a computer for controlling the display. The optical path configuration is basically the same as the apparatus shown in FIG. 14, but the mirror 1 and the mirror 2 are installed between the lens unit and the stereoscopic image, the optical path is bent, and the apparatus is made compact.

  This embodiment can also be folded, and FIGS. 16 and 17 show an example of the folding mechanism. The folding is performed by opening and closing the house shape with the side 1 as the rotation axis. Mirror 1, mirror 2, member 1 and member 2 are linked to form a parallel crank. These are fixed to the house shape 164 corresponding to the lid by the support material 1. When closing, close the house with side 1 as the axis of rotation. At the same time, the parallel crank formed by the mirror 1, the mirror 2, the member 1, and the member 2 is crushed and rotated in the direction of the house shape 164 to be flat. A stereoscopic image is also folded and stored in the base. In FIGS. 16 and 17, since the drawings are complicated, the folding mechanism is omitted, but a mechanism similar to that of the first embodiment can be used.

  The stereoscopic device according to the present embodiment is a foldable type, but is not a foldable type, and may be an installation type house. One reflecting mirror can also be used. In this case, it is possible to cope with this by making the image a mirror image, or it is possible to configure without an reflecting mirror.

  In this way, when the stereoscopic device of this embodiment is used, it looks like it is looked into from the inside or outside of the house, and a natural stereoscopic effect is obtained. Here, the window frame 163 is three-dimensionally formed. However, the window frame 163 can be recognized as a window frame by making it a more realistic window frame or simply printing a window frame-like pattern. Any aspect may be used. Similarly, the house shape 164 may be different from that shown in FIG. 15 as long as it resembles a house shape.

  As a scene inside the window or a scene outside the window, a stereoscopic image is formed mainly on the opposite side of the viewer from the window. However, there are cases where a stereoscopic image pops out from the window to the viewer side. This provides a situation where the scene can be seen through the window glass on the other side of the window glass formed as a three-dimensional object. By forming a house or room around the window, a toy (in this case, my house) as an object using a stereoscopic image can be made more than just glasses that help to form a stereoscopic image.

  If the house shape 164 is regarded as an outer wall, the other side of the window is indoors. At this time, a three-dimensional image of the person who forms an image beyond the window is visible to the resident. When representing a room, if the house shape 164 is regarded as an inner wall, the other side of the window is outdoors.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, a window frame formed in a three-dimensional or printed manner and a scene (three-dimensional image) seen through the opening of the window can be continuously observed without a sense of incongruity. Since the scene formed by the stereoscopic image is formed through a lens system installed in the window, it is sufficient even if the quality (resolution) of the stereoscopic image is low, assuming that the scene is through a transparent window glass with many impurities. Can withstand viewing. Even if a low-quality plastic lens is used, a real feeling can be obtained and cost can be reduced.

  Further, by attaching a window bar to the lens portion, it is possible to conceal the joint surface of the lens at the same time as decoration, and the cost can be further reduced by lowering the joining accuracy. Normally, when a viewer observes a stereoscopic image, it is recognized that a transparent optical element does not exist (in this case, naturally, it is necessary that the transparency is high), but in this embodiment, a transparent optical element is used. Is recognized as a window glass, it may have low transparency. As described above, it is more effective to install the window frame.

  In the case of the apparatus of the present embodiment, the optical axes of the right optical element and the left optical element are inclined toward the optical axis side of the stereoscopic device. If comprised in this way, the lens aberration of the right end of a right side optical element and the left side of a left side optical element can be made small. Furthermore, for example, when an image is observed through the left optical element with the right eye, the influence of external light reflection that occurs on the surface of the optical element (for example, a lens) is reduced. Of course, the same applies to the image observation with the left eye.

  Furthermore, the right optical element and the left optical element of the present embodiment may be configured by a plurality of sheets. However, in that case, it is necessary to prepare a stereoscopic image piece twice as many as the number of optical elements. It is also possible to adopt a configuration having a central optical element like the lens portion shown in FIG. It is also possible to add a field lens to the optical system.

  14, 9 (a), 12 (a), and 12 (b), when the inclination angle θ is different from 0 degrees instead of the vertical view device, the first embodiment described above is used. An image obtained by dividing a tilted stereoscopic image is used.

Example 4
All of the stereoscopic devices described in the embodiments so far are configured to arrange an image in the optical axis direction, but the position where the image is arranged is not necessarily limited to the optical axis direction.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram for describing a configuration example of a stereoscopic device including a reflecting mirror on the optical axis. Although the apparatus shown in this figure is an installation type, it is needless to say that a booklet type apparatus configuration can be adopted. It is possible to obtain the same effect by configuring the apparatus to include the reflecting mirrors (planar mirrors or curved mirrors) and reflecting the image with these reflecting mirrors.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 12A, the first left-eye image L1 reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 and the second left-eye image L2 reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 are observed. The first right-eye image R1 recognized by the left eye of the person and reflected by the first reflector M1 and the second right-eye image R2 reflected by the second reflector M2 are continuously observed. It is recognized by the right eye of the person, and this enables stereoscopic viewing.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 12B, the first left-eye image L1 reflected by the first reflecting mirror M1 and the second left-eye image L2 reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 are used. Is the left eye of the observer, and the first right-eye image R1 reflected by the first reflector M1 and the second right-eye image R2 reflected by the second reflector M2 are the right of the observer. Recognized by the eye and reflected by the third right-eye image R3 and the fourth reflecting mirror M4 reflected by the third reflecting mirror M3 disposed behind the first and second reflecting mirrors. The third left-eye image L3 thus recognized is recognized by the observer's right eye and left eye, respectively, thereby enabling stereoscopic viewing.

  Needless to say, in such a configuration, each image needs to be a mirror image. In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the pair of left and right reflecting mirrors (M1 and M2, M3 and M4) are arranged with an obtuse angle on the reflecting surface side. Thus, it is possible to have a configuration in which the light is reflected to the opposite side of the optical path shown in each figure. In this case, the arrangement of each image is reversed on the left and right and front and back.

(Example 5)
All the embodiments described above are capable of stereoscopic observation when the image is directed around the optical axis and the right eye is placed on the right side of the optical axis and the left eye is placed on the left side of the optical axis. It is an apparatus that cannot arrange stereoscopic vision by locating eyes.

  However, when the viewpoint moves and moves out of the stereoscopic observation possible area, the image displayed on the image display unit is moved to the optimal position and displayed, and if this is repeated, the viewpoint always becomes the stereoscopic observation possible area. Will fit.

  Such a stereoscopic device can be realized by a computer that can execute the following steps shown in FIG. Specifically, first, the viewpoint is detected by means for detecting the viewpoint of the observer (for example, a head tracking device) (S11). Next, based on the value obtained in step S11, the display position of the image displayed on the display as the image display unit is calculated (S12), and the calculated image display position is determined as the display position (S13). Then, an image is displayed at the position (S14). By repeating these steps S11 to S14 and updating the image display position, the image is always displayed at the optimum position on the display. In displaying the image in step S14, it is preferable to display the image with image correction taking lens aberration into consideration. Further, the horizontal position of both the left and right images may be corrected.

(Example 6)
In the embodiments so far, the stereoscopic images do not necessarily have to be on the same plane, and a plurality of images are chamfered with an inner curve or an outer curve, and each image plane intersects at an angle of 180 degrees or less. It may be arranged in a curved shape. Furthermore, the entire apparatus may be an HMD that is worn on the head, and may be mounted on a mobile phone, a mobile computer, or the like. In this embodiment, the stereoscopic device of the present embodiment is provided in the form of an HMD.

  18, 19, 20 and 21 are diagrams schematically illustrating the HMD stereoscopic apparatus according to the present embodiment. That is, in this example, since the stereoscopic device according to the above-described embodiment is used as an HMD, the device includes a device fixing unit that is mounted on the head and fixes the stereoscopic device. Is similar to that already described. As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the part other than the part to be viewed is covered with a cover, and the lens unit is set at a predetermined position slightly away from the eyes. “Slightly separated” from the eye means being farther than normal glasses.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the lens unit is composed of a left optical element, a central optical element, and a right optical element, and the optical path configuration is as described above. The stereoscopic image corresponds to the configuration of the lens unit, and the first right stereoscopic image 201a, the first left stereoscopic image 202a, the second right stereoscopic image 201b, the second left stereoscopic image 202b, and the third right stereoscopic image. 201c and the third left stereoscopic image 202c are arranged in a predetermined position at a predetermined position so that the visual axis of each pair of images is in vertical view.

  Here, the lens unit may have another configuration used in the first and second embodiments described above. In this case, the stereoscopic image is arranged at a predetermined position as a configuration in accordance with the configuration of each optical element of the lens unit. Further, as shown in FIG. 19, it is possible to arrange a reflecting mirror between the lens unit and the stereoscopic image and bend the optical path to make a compact apparatus as a whole. Note that, in a part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 20, portions indicated by broken lines are a cover and an opening, and each image can be displayed on one or a plurality of curved display surfaces.

  In the conventional HMD, separate optical elements are assigned to the right eye and the left eye, and the optical elements are arranged on the optical axis immediately before each eye. However, with this structure, the optical element can be made small because it is placed immediately in front of each eye, but conversely, the field of view is cut off in the middle of both eyes, and there is a problem that the field of view is limited when the eye is shifted.

  In the present embodiment, by adopting the above-described configuration to solve this problem, there is no need to block the field of view in the middle of both eyes, and the field of view is widened so that images can be sensed continuously. . For example, the line of sight of the right eye observing the first right stereoscopic image is not blocked even by a close eye, so an open field of view with less stress can be obtained. The apparatus according to the present embodiment has such advantages that the positional relationship between the optical element and the eye can be fixed by mounting it on the head as an HMD, and the image observed through the optical element by moving the head can be fixed. Misalignment can be reduced. Each image may be displayed on one or a plurality of curved display surfaces. However, each image is corrected for distortion.

  As in the other embodiments, the stereoscopic image can be inclined in the depth direction with respect to the visual axis, and the inclined stereoscopic image can be used. Further, the convex lens in the present embodiment may be a cylinder lens, an aspheric lens, or a combination lens.

  With the aforementioned booklet-type or installation-type device, the light-shielding barrier or observation optical element that is the exit pupil part and the stereoscopic image display part can be separated, or the stereoscopic image display part can be replaced. It is also possible to make a device that sometimes uses both in combination. Further, a plurality of lens portions configured in the horizontal direction may be arranged in the vertical direction with a combination in the horizontal direction as one set. In this case, the image is also divided and combined in the vertical direction correspondingly. Individual lens thickness can be reduced.

  It goes without saying that the above embodiment merely illustrates the configuration of the stereoscopic device of the present invention and does not limit the configuration of the present invention.

  The present invention makes it possible to provide a compact stereoscopic device that allows easy stereoscopic observation.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the principle of stereoscopic vision, (a) is a diagram for explaining the basic principle of separating left and right images with a single convex lens, and (b) is an image for a right eye and an image for a left eye. It is a figure for explaining a lenticular system in which a large number of pairs are provided as a display and a lens group is prepared immediately before an image so as to correspond to these image pairs. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the stereoscopic vision by a parallax divider system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the structure principle of the stereoscopic device of this invention, (a) is a figure of the state comprised so that an optical axis (z-axis) and the image plane for stereoscopic vision might become perpendicular | vertical, b) is a diagram showing a state where the optical axis (z-axis) and the stereoscopic image plane are deviated from vertical. (A) is a figure for demonstrating the preparation method of a tilting stereoscopic image, (b) is a figure for demonstrating the mode of the obtained tilting stereoscopic image. It is a figure for demonstrating the 1st structural example of the stereoscopic device of this invention, (a) is a state at the time of use, (b) is a figure for demonstrating the state at the time of accommodation. It is a figure for demonstrating the 2nd structural example of the stereoscopic device of this invention, (a) is a state at the time of use, (b) is a figure for demonstrating the state at the time of accommodation. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example in which a stereoscopic vision apparatus using a parallel method is provided by providing an exit pupil of one convex lens for the left eye and one for the right eye in the stereoscopic vision apparatus using the cross method shown in FIG. is there. It is a figure for demonstrating the 3rd structural example of the stereoscopic device of this invention. FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a stereoscopic device provided with an optical system (center optical element) that shifts the seam of an image to the left and right to make the seam inconspicuous, and (a) is a fourth configuration example of the stereoscopic device of the present invention. FIG. 4B is a diagram for explaining a configuration example in which the optical systems shown in FIG. 1B are simply arranged horizontally. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a configuration example of a lens system, in which FIG. 1A is a diagram in which convex lenses arranged on the left and right of a central convex lens are joined without tilting to the viewer side, and FIG. The convex lens is arranged. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of an apparatus structure provided with a concave mirror. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of an apparatus structure provided with a reflective mirror. It is a flowchart for enabling a viewpoint to always be within a stereoscopic observation possible region. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of the stereoscopic vision apparatus of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of the stereoscopic vision apparatus of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of the stereoscopic vision apparatus of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of the stereoscopic vision apparatus of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of an apparatus structure provided with HMD. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of an apparatus structure provided with HMD. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of an apparatus structure provided with HMD. It is a figure for demonstrating one Example of an apparatus structure provided with HMD.

Explanation of symbols

11, 68, 68a, 68b, 148, 148a, 148b Convex lens 12 Display 13 Lenticular lens 21, 53, 63, 143 Light shielding barriers 22, 54, 74, 154 Opening 31 Exit pupil 32 Stereoscopic image 33 Side surface 34 Virtual image 41 , 102, 192 Optical axis 42 Right eye image 43 Left eye image 44 Right eye line of sight 45 Left eye line of sight 46 Right projection plane 47 Left projection plane 48 Right projection image 49 Left projection image 51, 61, 71, 141, 151 One cover sheet 52, 62, 72, 142, 152 Second cover sheet 55, 65, 105, 145, 195 Right tilted stereoscopic image 56, 66, 106, 146, 196 Left tilted stereoscopic image 57, 67, 147 Stopper 73, 153 Optical element support members 75a, 81a, 155a First right tilted stereoscopic images 76a, 82a, 156a First left tilt Stereoscopic images 75b, 81b, 155b Second right tilted stereoscopic images 76b, 82b, 156b Second left tilted stereoscopic image 81c Third right tilted stereoscopic image 82c Third left tilted stereoscopic image 101, 191 Image display unit 103, 193 Concave mirror 104, 194 Window 163 Window frame 164 House shape

Claims (16)

A stereoscopic device using binocular parallax stereoscopic vision,
A right image and a left image that are projectively transformed for stereoscopic viewing are provided on the display surface,
A stereoscopic device characterized in that an inclination angle in an observation depth direction formed by a normal line of the display surface and an optical axis of a stereoscopic device including a stereoscopic means is set to an angle different from 0 degrees. The optical system of the stereoscopic device includes a translucent part for stereoscopic observation on the optical axis,
The stereoscopic device according to claim 1, wherein the translucent part is disposed at a position for determining left and right observation points, and enables the right image and the left image to be separately observed.   The stereoscopic device according to claim 1, further comprising an optical element having at least one of a lateral refraction action and a magnification action at left and right observation point determination positions on the optical axis.   The optical system of the stereoscopic device includes a concave mirror for reflecting light from the left and right images, and enables stereoscopic observation by separating the left and right images reflected by the concave mirror. Item 4. The stereoscopic device according to any one of Items 1 to 3. A right-eye image and a left-eye image provided for stereoscopic viewing, and a light-transmitting part through which an optical axis that looks at a plane on which the image is arranged passes,
In the translucent part, the right and left optical elements are provided side by side or joined at positions that determine the left and right observation points,
Each of the right-eye image and the left-eye image is divided into a number of images corresponding to the number of the optical elements, and an observation image is formed by alternately arranging the left and right divided images,
The light beam from the right-eye image receives a declination by the left and right optical elements and is collected at the right observation point, while the light beam from the left-eye image is deflected by the left and right optical elements. A stereoscopic view characterized in that the right image and the left image can be separately observed at the left and right observation points by receiving the corners and being focused on the left observation point, thereby observing a virtual image. apparatus. One central optical element is provided between the left and right optical elements so that a straight line connecting the centers of the left optical element and the right optical element and the optical axis are orthogonal to each other,
The stereoscopic device according to claim 5, wherein an observation image is formed by additionally arranging left and right images corresponding to the central optical element in a central portion of the observation image.   The stereoscopic device according to claim 5, wherein the left optical element and the right optical element include an optical element having at least one of a lateral refraction action or an enlargement action.   The stereoscopic device according to claim 5, wherein the left optical element and the right optical element are optical elements that are decentered in opposite directions.   The left-side optical element and the right-side optical element are optical elements arranged such that the optical axes of the left-side optical element and the right-side optical element are inclined to the viewer side, respectively. The stereoscopic device described in 1.   The translucent part peripheral part which forms a window frame surrounding the translucent part is further provided, and it is comprised so that a stereoscopic vision may be performed over this translucent part peripheral part. The stereoscopic device described in 1.   The stereoscopic device according to claim 10, further comprising a device wall surface portion that forms a house shape on a plane including the peripheral portion of the translucent portion. A device fixing unit configured to fix the translucent unit and both eyes to the head in order to maintain a predetermined positional relationship;
The stereoscopic device according to claim 5, wherein the translucent part is held at a position farther than normal glasses with respect to a distance between both eyes. Comprising at least first and second reflectors;
The first reflecting mirror reflects the right image or the right eye image and collects it on the right observation point, and the second reflecting mirror reflects the left image or the left eye image. 13. The stereoscopic vision according to claim 1, wherein the stereoscopic viewing is configured such that the left and right observation points are separately focused and thereby left and right observation points can be separately observed. apparatus.   6. The right-eye image and the left-eye image are images obtained by projective transformation for stereoscopic viewing, and are inclined and arranged so as to have an objective depth in the optical axis direction. 14. The stereoscopic device according to any one of 13 to 13.   The stereoscopic device according to claim 1, wherein a base of the stereoscopic device is configured to be foldable in a booklet shape. Viewpoint detection means for detecting the viewpoint position of the observer, and calculation means for determining the display position of the image based on the viewpoint position information detected by the viewpoint detection means,
The stereoscopic device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the calculation unit constantly updates the image display position so that the viewpoint position is within a stereoscopic observation possible region.

Images