JP2005208618A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor for contact charging having an excellent effect of suppressing ghost and hardly causing ghost even when the photoreceptor is mounted in a color electrophotographic apparatus or an electrophotographic apparatus having no destaticizing means, and to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with the electrophotographic photoreceptor for contact charging and with a contact charging means. <P>SOLUTION: The electrophotographic photoreceptor is used as the objective body to be charged by a contact charging means and comprises a supporting body, a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance disposed on the supporting body, and a hole transport layer containing a hole transport substance disposed on the charge generating layer. The charge generating layer contains an electron transport substance. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member used as a member to be charged for contact charging means, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member and contact charging means, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

  The image formation by the electrophotographic method is to charge the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by irradiating the surface of the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member with exposure light. The electrostatic latent image is developed with toner to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and this toner image is transferred from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a transfer material such as paper. It is common.

  As an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrophotographic photoreceptor (organic electrophotographic photoreceptor) having a photosensitive layer containing an organic charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance is widely used. As such a photosensitive layer, from the viewpoint of durability, the charge generation layer containing the charge generation material from the support side, and the charge transport layer (hole transport layer) containing the charge transport material (hole transport material) in this order. The mainstream is a layered (normal layer) layer structure formed by laminating.

  Further, as a method of charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, in recent years, a charging member arranged in contact with the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, that is, a contact charging member is used, and the voltage is applied to the contact charging member. A method of charging the surface of a photographic photoreceptor, that is, a contact charging method is becoming mainstream. As the contact charging member, a roller-shaped charging member having an elastic layer composed of rubber and a conductive agent, so-called charging roller is frequently used.

  The contact charging method has an advantage that the generation amount of nitrogen oxides and ozone is remarkably smaller than the corona charging method. In the corona charging method, about 80% of the current flowing through the corona charger flows to the shield and is wasted. However, the contact charging method has an advantage that it is economical because there is no waste.

  Among the charge generation materials described above, the charge generation material having sensitivity in the red or infrared region is an electrophotographic photosensitive member mounted on an electrophotographic apparatus employing a contact charging method such as a laser beam printer that has made remarkable progress in recent years. The frequency of demand is increasing. Known charge generation materials having high sensitivity in the infrared region include phthalocyanine pigments such as oxytitanium phthalocyanine, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, and chlorogallium phthalocyanine, and azo pigments such as monoazo, bisazo, and trisazo.

  However, when a highly sensitive charge generating material is used, the amount of generated charge is large, and electrons after holes are injected into the hole transporting layer are likely to stay in the charge generating layer, thus causing memory. There was a problem. Specifically, in the output image, there is a so-called positive ghost in which the density is increased only in a portion irradiated with light during the previous rotation, or a so-called negative ghost in which the concentration is decreased only in a portion irradiated with light during the previous rotation. .

As a conventional technique for suppressing such a ghost phenomenon, in particular, a technique that can be applied to a system adopting a contact charging method, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-172142 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-091039 (Patent Document 2) ) Discloses a technique using type II chlorogallium phthalocyanine as a charge generating substance, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-292946 (Patent Document 3) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-296817 (Patent Document 4) A technique for incorporating a dithiobenzyl compound that is a singlet oxygen quencher into a charge generation layer using phthalocyanine is disclosed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-172142 JP 2002-091039 A JP 2000-292946 A JP 2002-296817 A

  The development of today's electrophotographic technology is remarkable, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have more excellent characteristics.

  For example, conventionally, black and white images such as characters have been mainly used, but in recent years, demand for color images such as photographs has increased, and the demand for such image quality has been increasing year by year.

  The above-described ghost phenomenon is particularly likely to appear in a halftone image, and becomes a particularly important problem in a color image that is often an overlap of halftone images.

  In the case of a color image, even if the ghost level is the same as that of a monochrome image for each color, the ghost phenomenon is likely to be manifested by superimposing a plurality of colors.

  Further, as a method for suppressing the ghost phenomenon, there is a method of providing a static elimination means such as pre-exposure in the electrophotographic apparatus, but the static elimination means may be omitted from the viewpoint of cost reduction and miniaturization of the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. It is getting more.

  The above prior art cannot be said to be sufficiently effective for such a harsh situation with a ghost phenomenon.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has an excellent ghost suppression effect and is less likely to cause a ghost phenomenon even when mounted on a color electrophotographic device or an electrophotographic device that does not have a charge eliminating unit, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member. To provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus.

  The present invention is used as a member to be charged in a contact charging means, and includes a support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material provided on the support, and a positive electrode provided on the charge generation layer. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a hole transporting layer containing a hole transporting material, wherein the charge generation layer contains an electron transporting material.

  The present invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member and contact charging means.

  According to the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has an excellent ghost suppression effect and is less likely to cause a ghost phenomenon even when mounted on a color electrophotographic device or an electrophotographic device that does not have a static elimination unit, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. A process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus can be provided.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

  The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member (electrophotographic photosensitive member for contact charging) used as a member to be charged of the contact charging means.

  The charge generation layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention further contains an electron transport material in addition to the charge generation material.

  Although the details of the reason why the ghost is suppressed by including the electron transport material in the charge generation layer are unknown, the present inventors consider as follows.

  That is, the ghost phenomenon is caused by the difference between the number of electrons remaining in the portion irradiated with the exposure light (image exposure light) and the number of electrons remaining in the portion not irradiated with the potential difference after irradiation with the exposure light during the next rotation. It is a phenomenon that occurs and is caused by this.

  Charges (holes and electrons) are generated in the charge generation material by irradiation of exposure light, and the separated holes and electrons are bonded when the charge generation layer is a layer containing the charge generation material and a binder resin. It is considered that the characteristics of the binder resin are greatly received because it moves through the resin. In the case of an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a hole transport layer is provided on a charge generation layer, as in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, that is, in the case of a negatively charged layered type electrophotographic photosensitive member, the hole is a hole transport layer. Although electrons are injected to the side, electrons are likely to remain in the binder resin of the charge generation layer, causing the potential difference and causing a ghost phenomenon.

  In the present invention, since the electron transport material is contained in the charge generation layer, it is considered that the amount of electrons remaining in the binder resin of the charge generation layer can be reduced.

  In addition, electrons are considered to move in the binder resin, and it is considered that a ghost suppression effect can be obtained by smoothing the movement. Therefore, in the charge generation layer, the electron transport material is transferred to the binder resin. It is preferable to exist in a molecularly dispersed state. In addition, the content of the electron transport material in the charge generation layer is preferably 15 to 120% by mass, and more preferably 51 to 80% by mass with respect to the binder resin in the charge generation layer. . When there is too little content, the ghost suppression effect of this invention will become scarce.

  Moreover, as an electron transport substance contained in the charge generation layer, a naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1), a phenanthrene compound having a structure represented by the following formula (2), and the following formula (3 A phenanthroline compound having a structure represented by the following formula (4) or an acenaphthoquinone compound having a structure represented by the following formula (4) is preferred.

In the formula (1), R ¹⁰¹ and R ¹⁰⁴ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group interrupted by an ether group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, or an ether group. Or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. R ¹⁰² and R ¹⁰³ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.

In said formula (2), ^Z201 and ^Z202 show an oxygen atom, = C (CN) ₂ group, or = N-Ph group each independently. R ²⁰¹ and R ²⁰² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.

In the above formula (3), Z ³⁰¹ and Z ³⁰² each independently represent an oxygen atom, a ═C (CN) ₂ group, or a ═N—Ph group. R ³⁰¹ and R ³⁰² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.

In the above formula (4), Z ⁴⁰¹ and Z ⁴⁰² each independently represent an oxygen atom, ═C (CN) ₂ group, or ═N—Ph group (Ph: substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. the same). R ⁴⁰¹ and R ⁴⁰² each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.

  Examples of the alkyl group include chain alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group, and cyclic alkyl groups such as a cyclohexyl group and a cycloheptyl group. Examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group and an allyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group. Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group and a phenethyl group. Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include a hydridyl group and a fural group. Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom. Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.

  Examples of the substituent that each of the above groups may have include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group, an alkenyl group such as a vinyl group and an allyl group, a nitro group, Halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; halogenated alkyl groups such as perfluoroalkyl groups; aryl groups such as phenyl, naphthyl and anthryl groups; aralkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl groups; , Alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group and propoxy group.

Among the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compounds having the structure represented by the above formula (1), compounds having an asymmetric structure are preferable from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent (for example, R ¹⁰¹ ≠ R ¹⁰⁴ ). Of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compounds having the structure represented by the above formula (1), R ¹⁰¹ and R ¹⁰⁴ are preferably groups having no carboxylic acid group or ester group.

  Below, the specific example of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic-acid diimide compound which has a structure shown by the said Formula (1) is shown.

  Specific examples of the phenanthrene compound having the structure represented by the above formula (2) are shown below.

  Specific examples of the phenanthroline compound having the structure represented by the above formula (3) are shown below.

  Specific examples of the acenaphthoquinone compound having the structure represented by the above formula (4) are shown below.

  Among the electron transport materials, those having a reduction potential (reduction potential with respect to a saturated calomel electrode) in the range of −0.80 to 0.00V are preferable, and particularly in the range of −0.65 to −0.25V. More preferably, those in the range of −0.60 to −0.25 V are even more preferable.

Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having a structure represented by the above formulas (1-1) to (1-36), phenanthrene compound having a structure represented by the above formulas (2-1) to (2-15), and the above formula The reduction potentials of the phenanthroline compounds having the structures represented by (3-1) to (3-14) and the acenaphthoquinone compounds having the structures represented by the above formulas (4-1) to (4-14) are as follows. It is.
(1-1): -0.59V
(1-2): -0.51V
(1-3): -0.59V
(1-4): -0.62V
(1-5): -0.63V
(1-6): -0.46V
(1-7): -0.63V
(1-8): -0.49V
(1-9): -0.53V
(1-10): -0.55V
(1-11): -0.59V
(1-12): -0.59V
(1-13): -0.48V
(1-14): -0.55V
(1-15): -0.55V
(1-16): -0.49V
(1-17): -0.46V
(1-18): -0.59V
(1-19): -0.51V
(1-20): -0.49V
(1-21): -0.50V
(1-22): -0.50V
(1-23): -0.58V
(1-24): -0.60V
(1-25): -0.54V
(1-26): -0.48V
(1-27): -0.67V
(1-28): -0.59V
(1-29): -0.59V
(1-30): -0.67V
(1-31): -0.51V
(1-32): -0.60V
(1-33): -0.59V
(1-34): -0.60V
(1-35): -0.35V
(1-36): -0.25V
(2-1): -0.67V
(2-2): -0.52V
(2-3): -0.32V
(2-4): -0.58V
(2-5): -0.51V
(2-6): -0.28V
(2-7): -0.23V
(2-8): -0.21V
(2-9): -0.26V
(2-10): -0.24V
(2-11): -0.58V
(2-12): -0.55V
(2-13): -0.19V
(2-14): -0.65V
(2-15): -0.18V
(3-1): -0.52V
(3-2): -0.37V
(3-3): -0.28V
(3-4): -0.40V
(3-5): -0.38V
(3-6): -0.35V
(3-7): -0.22V
(3-8): -0.20V
(3-9): -0.18V
(3-10): -0.21V
(3-11): -0.20V
(3-12): -0.37V
(3-13): -0.36V
(3-14): -0.15V
(4-1): -0.90V
(4-2): -0.60V
(4-3): -0.40V
(4-4): -0.40V
(4-5): -0.65V
(4-6): -0.58V
(4-7): -0.42V
(4-8): -0.39V
(4-9): -0.37V
(4-10): -0.37V
(4-11): -0.27V
(4-12): -0.69V
(4-13): -0.65V
(4-14): -0.27V

  Next, the configuration of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described.

  As described above, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes a support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a binder resin provided on the support, and a positive electrode provided on the charge generation layer. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a hole transport layer containing a hole transport material.

  The support may be any conductive one (conductive support), and for example, a support made of metal (alloy) such as aluminum, nickel, copper, gold, iron, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel is used. be able to. Also, the above-mentioned metal support, plastic (polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyimide resin, etc.) support or glass support having a layer formed by vacuum deposition of aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide-tin oxide alloy or the like Can also be used. In addition, a support in which conductive particles such as carbon black, tin oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and silver particles are impregnated into plastic or paper together with an appropriate binder resin, or a plastic support having a conductive binder resin, etc. Can also be used. In addition, examples of the shape of the support include a cylindrical shape and a belt shape, and a cylindrical shape is preferable.

  The surface of the support may be subjected to cutting treatment, roughening treatment (honing treatment, blasting treatment, etc.), alumite treatment, etc. for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light, etc. Chemical treatment may be performed with a solution obtained by dissolving a metal salt compound or a fluorine compound metal salt in an acidic aqueous solution mainly composed of phosphate, phosphoric acid, or tannic acid.

  The honing process includes a dry honing process and a wet honing process. The wet honing treatment is a method in which a powdery abrasive is suspended in a liquid such as water and sprayed onto the surface of the support at a high speed to roughen the surface of the support, and the surface roughness is determined by the spray pressure. , Speed, amount of abrasive, type, shape, size, hardness, specific gravity, suspension temperature and the like. The dry honing treatment is a method of roughening the surface of the support by spraying an abrasive on the surface of the support with air at a high speed, and the surface roughness can be controlled in the same manner as the wet honing treatment. As an abrasive | polishing agent used for a honing process, particles, such as a silicon carbide, an alumina, iron, a glass bead, are mentioned.

  A conductive layer may be provided between the support and the charge generation layer or an intermediate layer to be described later for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light or the like and covering the scratches on the support.

  The conductive layer can be formed by dispersing conductive particles such as carbon black, metal particles, and metal oxide particles in a binder resin. Suitable metal oxide particles include zinc oxide and titanium oxide particles. Also, barium sulfate particles can be used as the conductive particles. A conductive layer may be provided on the conductive particles.

  The volume resistivity of the conductive particles is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1000 Ω · cm, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 1000 Ω · cm (this volume resistivity is a resistance measuring device manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka Co., Ltd.). (This is a value obtained by measurement using Loresta AP. A measurement sample was hardened at a pressure of 49 MPa to be a coin.) The average particle diameter of the conductive particles is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 μm, more preferably in the range of 0.07 to 0.7 μm (this average particle diameter is a value measured by a centrifugal sedimentation method). .) The ratio of the conductive particles in the conductive layer is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 90% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 80% by mass with respect to the total mass of the conductive layer.

  Examples of the binder resin used for the conductive layer include phenol resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyamic acid resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, melamine resin, and polyester resin. Can be mentioned. These can be used alone or as a mixture or copolymer of two or more. These have good adhesion to the support, improve the dispersibility of the conductive particles, and have good solvent resistance after film formation. Among these, a phenol resin, a polyurethane resin, and a polyamic acid resin are preferable.

  The thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 0.1 to 30 μm, and more preferably 0.5 to 20 μm.

The volume resistivity of the conductive layer is preferably 10 ¹³ Ω · cm or less, more preferably in the range of 10 ⁵ to 10 ¹² Ω · cm (this volume resistivity is the same as that of the conductive layer to be measured). This is a value obtained by forming a film on an aluminum plate with the same material, forming a gold thin film on this film, and measuring the current value flowing between both electrodes of the aluminum plate and the gold thin film with a pA meter. ).

  In addition, the conductive layer may contain fluorine or antimony as necessary, and a leveling agent may be added to improve the surface properties of the conductive layer.

  Further, an intermediate layer (also referred to as an undercoat layer or an adhesive layer) having a barrier function or an adhesive function may be provided between the support or the conductive layer and the charge generation layer. The intermediate layer is formed for the purpose of improving the adhesion of the photosensitive layer, improving the coating property, improving the charge injection property from the support, and protecting the photosensitive layer from electrical breakdown.

  The intermediate layer is acrylic resin, allyl resin, alkyd resin, ethyl cellulose resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, epoxy resin, casein resin, silicone resin, gelatin resin, nylon, phenol resin, butyral resin, polyacrylate resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide Imide resin, polyamide resin, polyallyl ether resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, polysulfone resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polybutadiene resin, polypropylene resin, urea resin, etc. It can be formed using a material such as aluminum.

  The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.05 to 5 μm, and more preferably 0.3 to 3 μm.

  Examples of the charge generating material used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include azo pigments such as monoazo, disazo, and trisazo, phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and nonmetal phthalocyanine, indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo, Perylene pigments such as perylene acid anhydride and perylene imide, polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthraquinone and pyrenequinone, squarylium dyes, pyrylium salts, thiapyrylium salts, triphenylmethane dyes, selenium, selenium-tellurium, amorphous Examples thereof include inorganic substances such as silicon, quinacridone pigments, azulenium salt pigments, cyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, quinoneimine dyes, styryl dyes, cadmium sulfide, and zinc oxide. These charge generation materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Among the various charge generation materials described above, azo pigments and phthalocyanine pigments are preferable, and phthalocyanine pigments are particularly preferable in that the ghost phenomenon is likely to occur and the present invention works more effectively while being highly sensitive. When the phthalocyanine pigment is used in combination with another charge generation material, the phthalocyanine pigment is preferably 50% by mass or more based on the total mass of the charge generation material.

  Among the phthalocyanine pigments, metal phthalocyanine pigments are preferable, and oxytitanium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, dichlorotin phthalocyanine, and hydroxygallium phthalocyanine are more preferable, and among these, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine is particularly preferable.

  Examples of oxytitanium phthalocyanine include crystalline oxytitanium having strong peaks at 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and 27.1 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction. Phthalocyanine crystals and 9.5 °, 9.7 °, 11.7 °, 15.0 °, 23.5 °, 24.1 ° and 27 with Bragg angles 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction Crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystals having a strong peak at 3 ° are preferred.

  As chlorogallium phthalocyanine, a crystalline form of chlorogallium having strong peaks at 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 ° and 28.2 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction Phthalocyanine crystals and crystal forms of chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals having strong peaks at 6.8 °, 17.3 °, 23.6 ° and 26.9 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction In addition, it has strong peaks at 8.7 to 9.2 °, 17.6 °, 24.0 °, 27.4 ° and 28.8 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction. Crystalline chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals are preferred.

  As dichlorotin phthalocyanine, Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction is 8.3 °, 12.2 °, 13.7 °, 15.9 °, 18.9 ° and 28.2 °. Crystalline dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal having strong peaks, and strong peaks at 8.5, 11.2 °, 14.5 ° and 27.2 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction Dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystals having a crystal form of 8.7 °, 9.9 °, 10.9 °, 13.1 °, 15.2 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction , 16.3 °, 17.4 °, 21.9 °, and 25.5 ° in the form of dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystals having a strong peak, or 9 with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction .2 °, 12.2 °, 13. °, 14.6 °, preferably crystalline form of dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal having strong diffraction peaks at 17.0 ° and 25.3 °.

  Examples of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine include a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal having a crystal form having strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 °, and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction, and CuKα Strong against 7.5 °, 9.9 °, 12.5 °, 16.3 °, 18.6 °, 25.1 ° and 28.3 ° with Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in characteristic X-ray diffraction Crystalline hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals having a peak are preferred.

  The particle size of the charge generation material is preferably 0.5 μm or less, more preferably 0.3 μm or less, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0.2 μm.

  Examples of the binder resin used for the charge generation layer include acrylic resin, allyl resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, diallyl phthalate resin, silicone resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, cellulose resin, nylon, phenol resin, butyral resin, benzal. Resin, Melamine resin, Polyacrylate resin, Polyacetal resin, Polyamideimide resin, Polyamide resin, Polyallyl ether resin, Polyarylate resin, Polyimide resin, Polyurethane resin, Polyester resin, Polyethylene resin, Polycarbonate resin, Polystyrene resin, Polysulfone resin, Polyvinyl Acetal resin, polyvinyl methacrylate resin, polyvinyl acrylate resin, polybutadiene resin, polypropylene resin, methacrylic resin, urea resin Vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate resins, and vinyl chloride resins. In particular, a butyral resin is preferable. These can be used alone or as a mixture or copolymer of two or more.

  In the present invention, an electron transport material is contained in the charge generation layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

  Such a charge generation layer is formed by adding an electron transport material (preferably 15 to 120% by mass, more preferably 51 to 80% by mass to the binder resin) in a solution containing a charge generation material, a binder resin and a solvent in advance. %)) To prepare a coating solution for charge generation layer, apply the coating solution for charge generation layer, and dry it. A solution containing the charge generating substance, the binder resin and the solvent is obtained by dispersing the charge generating substance together with the binder resin and the solvent. Examples of the dispersion method include a method using a homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser, a ball mill, a sand mill, a roll mill, a vibration mill, an attritor, a liquid collision type high-speed disperser, and the like. The ratio between the charge generating material and the binder resin is preferably in the range of 1: 0.3 to 1: 4 (mass ratio).

  The solvent used in the coating solution for the charge generation layer is selected from the viewpoint of the solubility and dispersion stability of the binder resin, the charge generation material and the electron transport material to be used. As the organic solvent, alcohol, sulfoxide, ketone, Examples include ethers, esters, aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic compounds.

  The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.

  In addition, various sensitizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, and the like can be added to the charge generation layer as necessary.

  Examples of the hole transport material used in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention include triarylamine compounds, hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, triarylmethane compounds and the like. . These hole transport materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the binder resin used for the hole transport layer include acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, allyl resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, nylon, phenol resin, phenoxy resin, butyral resin, polyacrylamide resin, and polyacetal resin. , Polyamideimide resin, polyamide resin, polyallyl ether resin, polyarylate resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, polyethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, polystyrene resin, polysulfone resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polybutadiene Examples thereof include resins, polypropylene resins, methacrylic resins, urea resins, vinyl chloride resins, and vinyl acetate resins. Among these, polyarylate resin and polycarbonate resin are preferable, and polyarylate resin is particularly preferable.

  Among the polyarylate resins, polyarylate resins having a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (5) are preferable.

In the above formula (5), X ⁵⁰¹ is a single bond or —CR ⁵⁰⁹ R ⁵¹⁰ — (R ⁵⁰⁹ and R ⁵¹⁰ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted group. Or an alkylidene group formed by combining R ⁵⁰⁹ and R ⁵¹⁰ . R ^{501 to} R ⁵⁰⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. R ^{505 to} R ⁵⁰⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

  The weight average molecular weight of the binder resin is preferably 50,000 to 200,000, and more preferably 100,000 to 180,000.

In the present invention, the weight average molecular weight was determined by measuring the molecular weight distribution using gel permeation chromatography HLC-8120 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and calculating in terms of polystyrene. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a developing solvent. The sample to be measured was a 0.1% by mass solution. As the column, an exclusion limit molecular weight (polystyrene equivalent) 4 × 10 ⁶ column (trade name: TSKgel SuperHM-N, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was used. RI was used as a detector. The column temperature was 40 ° C. The injection volume was 20 μl. The flow rate was 1.0 ml / min.

  The above resins can be used alone or as a mixture or copolymer of two or more.

  The hole transport layer can be formed by applying a hole transport layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a hole transport material and a binder resin in a solvent, and drying it. The ratio of the hole transport material and the binder resin is preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2 (mass ratio).

  Solvents used in the coating solution for the hole transport layer include ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran. , Hydrocarbons substituted with halogen atoms such as chlorobenzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride are used.

  The thickness of the hole transport layer is preferably 5 to 40 μm, and more preferably 10 to 30 μm.

  A protective layer intended to protect the hole transport layer may be provided on the hole transport layer. The protective layer can be formed by applying a protective layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a binder resin in a solvent and drying the coating solution. Alternatively, the protective layer may be formed by applying a protective layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a binder resin monomer / oligomer in a solvent and then curing and / or drying. For curing, light, heat, or radiation (such as an electron beam) can be used.

  The various resins described above can be used as the binder resin for the protective layer.

  Further, conductive particles such as conductive tin oxide and conductive titanium oxide may be dispersed in the protective layer for the purpose of resistance control.

  The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.2 to 10 μm, and particularly preferably 1 to 5 μm.

  When applying the coating liquid for each of the above layers, for example, a coating method such as a dip coating method (dip coating method), a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, a blade coating method, or the like should be used. Can do.

  In addition, the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorine-based graft polymer, silicone-based graft polymer, fluorine-based block polymer, silicone for the purpose of improving cleaning properties and wear resistance. In order to reinforce strength, lubricants such as block polymers and silicone oils may be added, and antioxidants such as hindered phenols and hindered amines may be added for the purpose of improving weather resistance. A film strength reinforcing agent such as a silicon ball may be added to.

  When the protective layer is provided, the protective layer is the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and when the protective layer is not provided, the hole transport layer is the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotationally driven in a direction of an arrow about a shaft 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed.

  The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to be rotated is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by contact charging means 3 having a contact charging member (charging roller or the like), and then subjected to slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. The exposure light (image exposure light) 4 output from exposure means (not shown) such as is received. In this way, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the target image are sequentially formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.

  The electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed with toner contained in the developer of the developing means 5 to become a toner image. Next, the toner image formed and supported on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is transferred from a transfer material supply means (not shown) to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the transfer means by a transfer bias from a transfer means (transfer roller or the like) 6. 6 (contact portion) is sequentially transferred onto a transfer material (paper or the like) P taken out and fed in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.

  The transfer material P that has received the transfer of the toner image is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and introduced into the fixing means 8 to receive the image fixing, and is printed out as an image formed product (print, copy). Is done.

  The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the transfer of the toner image is cleaned by a cleaning means (cleaning blade or the like) 7 to remove the developer (toner) remaining after transfer, and further from a pre-exposure means (not shown). After being subjected to charge removal processing by pre-exposure light (not shown), it is repeatedly used for image formation. In addition, when the charging unit is a contact charging unit as in the present invention, pre-exposure is not always necessary.

  The above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and contact charging means 3 are housed in a container and integrally coupled as a process cartridge, and the process cartridge is detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. It may be configured. In FIG. 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, a contact charging unit 3, a developing unit 5 and a cleaning unit 7 are integrally supported to form a cartridge, and an electrophotographic unit is used by using a guide unit 10 such as a rail of an electrophotographic apparatus main body. The process cartridge 9 is detachable from the apparatus main body.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these. In the examples, “part” means “part by mass”.

(Synthesis Example 1)
・ Synthesis of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine (1)
After reacting 73 g of o-phthalodinitrile, 25 g of gallium trichloride and 400 ml of α-chloronaphthalene at 200 ° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere, the product was filtered at 130 ° C. The filtered product was dispersed and washed with N, N′-dimethylformamide at 130 ° C. for 1 hour, filtered, further washed with methanol, and dried to obtain 45 g of chlorogallium phthalocyanine.

  15 g of the obtained chlorogallium phthalocyanine was dissolved in 450 g of concentrated sulfuric acid at 10 ° C., and this was dropped into 2300 g of ice water with stirring to reprecipitate and filtered. The product separated by filtration was dispersed and washed with 2% aqueous ammonia, sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, filtered, and dried to obtain 13 g of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.

  As a pigmentation step, 10 g of the obtained hydroxygallium phthalocyanine and 300 g of N, N′-dimethylformamide were milled for 6 hours together with 450 g of glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm at room temperature (22 ° C.).

  After milling, the solid content was taken out of the dispersion, washed thoroughly with methanol and then with water, and dried to obtain 9.2 g of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals. This hydroxygallium phthalocyanine had strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 ° and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction.

(Example 1)
An A3003 (JIS) outer diameter 30.5 mm, inner diameter 28.5 mm, length 260.5 mm aluminum base tube (ED tube) obtained by hot extrusion was used as a support.

  Next, 120 parts of barium sulfate particles having a coating layer formed of tin oxide (coverage: 50 mass%, powder specific resistance: 700 Ω · cm), resol type phenol resin (trade name: Bryofen J-325, A coating solution for a conductive layer was prepared by dispersing 70 parts of Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc., solid content 70%) and 100 parts of 2-methoxy-1-propanol with a ball mill apparatus for 20 hours ( The average particle size of the barium sulfate particles in the coating solution is 0.22 μm).

  This conductive layer coating solution was dip-coated on a support and cured (heat cured) at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 10 μm.

  Next, an intermediate layer coating solution was prepared by dissolving 3 parts of N-methoxymethylated nylon and 3 parts of copolymer nylon in a mixed solvent of 65 parts of methanol / 30 parts of n-butanol.

  This intermediate layer coating solution was dip coated on the conductive layer and dried at 90 ° C. for 5 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.6 μm.

  Next, crystalline hydroxygallium having strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 °, and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle of 2θ ± 0.2 ° in the CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction obtained in Synthesis Example 1 above. 20 parts of phthalocyanine crystal (charge generating substance), 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 350 parts of cyclohexanone were mixed with a sand mill using glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm. Disperse for 3 hours, add 1200 parts of ethyl acetate (dispersed particle size measured by CAPA-700 (Horiba Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) as a charge generating material at this time is 0.15 μm), and the following formula (E-1 ) Compound having a structure represented by (reduction potential: 0.05 V)

Was dissolved to prepare a coating solution for charge generation layer.

  This charge generation layer coating solution was dip-coated on the intermediate layer and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm.

  Next, 7 parts of a compound (hole transport material) having a structure represented by the following formula (6),

1 part of a compound (hole transport material) represented by the following formula (7):

And 10 parts of a polyarylate resin having a repeating structural unit (bisphenol C type) represented by the following formula (8) (mass ratio of terephthalic acid skeleton to isophthalic acid skeleton: terephthalic acid / isophthalic acid = 50/50)

Was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 50 parts of monochlorobenzene / 10 parts of dichloromethane to prepare a coating solution for a hole transport layer.

  This hole transport layer coating solution was dip-coated on the charge generation layer and dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 18 μm.

  Thus, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport layer in this order, and the hole transport layer being a surface layer was produced.

  The produced electrophotographic photosensitive member was mounted on the following evaluation apparatus and an image was output, and an output image was evaluated.

Evaluation Device The evaluation device is a modified machine (process speed: 100 mm / s, dark part potential: set to −700 V) of a laser beam printer “Color Laser Jet 4600” manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company. The charging means of this laser beam printer is a contact charging means having a charging roller, and a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC voltage is applied to the charging roller. The amount of exposure light (image exposure light) was made variable. Pre-exposure was turned off.

-Image pattern for evaluation The ghost pattern shown in FIG. 2 was prepared as an image pattern for evaluation. In FIG. 2, the portion 201 (black rectangle) is solid black, the portion 202 is solid white, the portion 203 is a portion where a ghost attributed to the solid black 201 may appear, and 204 is a halftone (1-dot Keima pattern). It is a part of. Magenta, cyan, yellow, and black were each produced in a single color.

Evaluation Method In an environment of 23 ° C./50% RH, evaluation was performed using a ghost pattern immediately after outputting 3000 images with 4% image density.

  First, a solid white image is output on the first sheet, then, five continuous ghost patterns are output. Next, after one solid black image is output, the above ghost patterns are continuously output again. 5 sheets were output. Thus, there are a total of 10 ghost patterns.

  As a ghost evaluation, a spectral densitometer X-Rite 504/508 manufactured by X-Rite was used. In the image of the ghost pattern, the density obtained by subtracting the density of the halftone portion 904 from the density of the portion 903 where the ghost may appear is measured, and this measurement is performed 10 points to obtain an average value of 10 points (1 sheet) Average value). This was performed for 10 sheets, and the average value thereof was obtained (average value of 10 sheets). Further, this was performed for all four colors (magenta, cyan, yellow, and black), and an average value thereof was obtained (average value of four colors). The measurement result of each color is displayed for each of magenta, cyan, yellow, and black of the spectral densitometer X-Rite 504/508, and the value of the same color as the image color was used as the measurement value. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 2)
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with the compound having the structure represented by the following formula (E-2) (reduction potential: −0.05 V). ) 6 copies

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 3)
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with the compound having the structure represented by the following formula (E-3) (reduction potential: −0.22 V). ) 6 copies

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with 6 parts of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-36). An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the changes were made. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 5)
In Example 1, except that 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was changed to 6 parts of the phenanthrene compound having the structure represented by the above formula (2-14). In the same manner as in Example 1, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 6)
In Example 1, except that 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used in the charge generation layer was changed to 6 parts of the phenanthroline compound having the structure represented by the above formula (3-1). In the same manner as in Example 1, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 7)
In Example 1, except that 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was changed to 6 parts of the acenaphthoquinone compound having the structure represented by the above formula (4-4). Were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 8)
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with the compound having the structure represented by the following formula (E-4) (reduction potential: -0.25 V). ) 6 copies

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 9
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with the compound having the structure represented by the following formula (E-5) (reduction potential: −0.61 V). ) 6 copies

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 10)
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with 6 parts of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30). An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the changes were made. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 11)
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with the compound having the structure represented by the following formula (E-6) (reduction potential: −0.80 V). ) 6 copies

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 12)
In Example 1, 6 parts of the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-1) used for the charge generation layer was replaced with the compound having the structure represented by the following formula (E-7) (reduction potential: −0.89 V). ) 6 copies

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 13)
In Example 11, crystalline hydroxygallium having strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 °, and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle of 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction used in the charge generation layer 20 parts of phthalocyanine crystal is a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal having a strong peak at 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 and 28.2 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the amount was changed to 20 parts. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 14)
In Example 11, crystalline hydroxygallium having strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 °, and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle of 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction used in the charge generation layer Oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a crystal form having strong peaks at 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and 27.1 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction of 20 parts of phthalocyanine crystal An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the crystal was changed to 20 parts. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 15)
In Example 11, crystalline hydroxygallium having strong peaks at 7.3 °, 24.9 °, and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle of 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction used in the charge generation layer 20 parts of an azo pigment having a structure represented by the following formula (9) with 20 parts of phthalocyanine crystals

An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the above was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 16)
In Example 13, 10 parts of a polyarylate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the above formula (8) used for the hole transport layer was replaced with a bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin (trade name: Iupilon, Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.) Manufactured) An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the amount was changed to 10 parts. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 13, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-6) was not used for the charge generation layer. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 16, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the compound having the structure represented by the above formula (E-6) was not used for the charge generation layer. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Example 17)
A3003 (JIS) outer diameter 30.5mm, inner diameter 28.5mm, length 260.5mm obtained by hot extrusion The surface of an aluminum base pipe (ED pipe) roughened by wet honing treatment It was.

  The surface roughness was measured according to JIS B 0601 (1994) using a surface roughness meter Surfcoder SE3500 manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., with a cut-off of 0.8 mm and a measurement length of 8 mm. . The surface roughness of the aluminum tube after the wet honing treatment was Rmax = 3.0 μm, Rz = 1.55 μm, Ra = 0.24 μm, and Sm = 34 μm.

  Next, an intermediate layer coating solution was prepared by dissolving 3 parts of N-methoxymethylated nylon and 3 parts of copolymer nylon in a mixed solvent of 65 parts of methanol / 30 parts of n-butanol.

  This intermediate layer coating solution was dip-coated on a support and dried at 90 ° C. for 5 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.45 μm.

  Next, chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystals having a strong peak at 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 and 28.2 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction (charges) (Generating substance) 20 parts, polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 350 parts of cyclohexanone are dispersed in a sand mill using glass beads having a diameter of 1 mm for 3 hours. In addition, 1200 parts of ethyl acetate was added (dispersed particle diameter measured by CAPA-700 of the charge generation material at this time (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) was 0.15 μm), which is represented by the above formula (1-30) A coating solution for a charge generation layer was prepared by dissolving 0.5 part of a naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having a structure.

  This charge generation layer coating solution was dip-coated on the intermediate layer and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm.

  Next, 7 parts of a compound (hole transport material) having a structure represented by the above formula (6), 1 part of a compound (hole transport material) represented by the above formula (7), and the above formula (8) 10 parts of a polyarylate resin (mass ratio of terephthalic acid skeleton to isophthalic acid skeleton: terephthalic acid / isophthalic acid = 50/50) having a repeating structural unit (bisphenol C type) shown in FIG. A coating solution for a hole transport layer was prepared by dissolving in a mixed solvent.

  This hole transport layer coating solution was dip-coated on the charge generation layer and dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 22 μm.

  Thus, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support, an intermediate layer, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport layer in this order, and the hole transport layer being a surface layer was produced.

  The produced electrophotographic photoreceptor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 18)
Example 17 is the same as Example 17 except that the amount of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used in the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 1 part. Similarly, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 19)
In Example 17, except that the amount of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used for the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 1.5 parts, the Example In the same manner as in Example 17, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 20)
In Example 17, except that the amount of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used for the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 3.5 parts, In the same manner as in Example 17, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 21)
In Example 17, except that the amount of the naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used for the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 5.1 part, Example In the same manner as in Example 17, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 22)
Example 17 is the same as Example 17 except that the amount of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used for the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 7 parts. Similarly, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 23)
Example 17 is the same as Example 17 except that the amount of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used in the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 8 parts. Similarly, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 24)
Example 17 is the same as Example 17 except that the amount of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used for the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 12 parts. Similarly, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Example 25)
Example 17 is the same as Example 17 except that the amount of the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) used in the charge generation layer was changed from 0.5 part to 14 parts. Similarly, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 17, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having the structure represented by the above formula (1-30) was not used for the charge generation layer. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

  In Tables 1 and 2, “HOGaPc” is a strong peak at 7.3 °, 24.9 ° and 28.1 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in the CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction obtained in Synthesis Example 1 above. A crystalline form of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal having the following: “ClGaPc” means 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 and 28.2 ° with a Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction The crystal form of chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal having a strong peak at γ, and “TiOPc” is 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and Bragg angle 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction It means a crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal having a strong peak at 27.1 °, and “butyral” is polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) Meaning.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus including a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. It is an image pattern for evaluation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor 2 Axis 3 Contact charging means 4 Exposure light (image exposure light)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Developing means 6 Transfer means 7 Cleaning means 8 Fixing means 9 Process cartridge 10 Guide means P Transfer material 201 Solid black 202 Solid white 203 A portion where a ghost attributed to solid black 201 may appear 204 Halftone (1-dot Keima pattern)

Claims (14)

  A support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material provided on the support, and a hole transport material provided on the charge generation layer; An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a hole transporting layer, wherein the charge generation layer contains an electron transporting substance.   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the charge generation layer further contains a binder resin, and the electron transport material is molecularly dispersed in the binder resin.   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the reduction potential of the electron transport material is −0.8 to 0 V.   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3, wherein the reduction potential of the electron transport material is −0.65 to −0.25 V.   5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2, wherein the content of the electron transport material in the charge generation layer is 15 to 120% by mass with respect to the binder resin in the charge generation layer.   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein the content of the electron transport material in the charge generation layer is 51 to 80% by mass with respect to the binder resin in the charge generation layer. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electron transport material is a naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1).

(In the formula (1), R ¹⁰¹ and R ¹⁰⁴ each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group interrupted by an ether group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, or an ether group. A substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, interrupted at 1. R ¹⁰² and R ¹⁰³ And each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.) The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electron transport material is a phenanthrene compound having a structure represented by the following formula (2).

(In Formula (2), Z ²⁰¹ and Z ²⁰² each independently represent an oxygen atom, ═C (CN) ₂ group, or ═N—Ph group. R ²⁰¹ and R ²⁰² each independently represent A hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.) The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electron transport material is a phenanthroline compound having a structure represented by the following formula (3).

(In Formula (3), Z ³⁰¹ and Z ³⁰² each independently represent an oxygen atom, ═C (CN) ₂ group, or ═N—Ph group. R ³⁰¹ and R ³⁰² each independently represent A hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.) The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the electron transport material is an acenaphthoquinone compound having a structure represented by the following formula (4).

(In Formula (4), Z ⁴⁰¹ and Z ⁴⁰² each independently represent an oxygen atom, ═C (CN) ₂ group, or ═N—Ph group. R ⁴⁰¹ and R ⁴⁰² each independently represent A hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.)   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the charge generation material is gallium phthalocyanine.   The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 11, wherein the gallium phthalocyanine is hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.   13. A process cartridge that integrally supports the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 and a contact charging unit, and is detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body.   An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1; and a contact charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit.

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