JP2005200501A - Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal device, and projection display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal composition which is suitable for a liquid crystal device equipped with a vertical alignment film composed of inorganic materials and is endowed with satisfactory stability with time and thermal stability of the alignment. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid crystal composition comprises at least 70 mol% of a compound bearing a fluorine-substituting group on its side chain and a 1-2C alkoxy group as one end group and exhibits negative dielectric anisotropy. In the compound A contained in the liquid crystal composition, the average substitution number of fluorine is at least 1.7 per molecule. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal device, and a projection display device.

  In recent years, vertical alignment type liquid crystal devices have been put to practical use in liquid crystal televisions (direct-view display devices), liquid crystal projectors (projection display devices), and the like. As the vertical alignment film used in these vertical alignment type liquid crystal devices, for example, an organic alignment film is frequently used in a liquid crystal television, and an inorganic alignment film is frequently used in a liquid crystal projector.

As the inorganic alignment film, those made of inorganic compounds such as SiO, SiO ₂ and TiO ₂ , inorganic salts such as MgF and the like are known. For example, in the case of SiO ₂ , it is 30 ° or more with respect to the substrate surface. By vertically depositing SiO ₂ at an appropriate angle, a vertical alignment film having a pretilt can be obtained. It is known that such an inorganic alignment film generally has a slow light degradation rate due to short-wavelength visible light and ultraviolet light and is excellent in light resistance, but lacks stability over time and thermal stability of alignment. Therefore, improvement of the inorganic alignment film and / or liquid crystal material can be considered as a method for improving the temporal stability and thermal stability of the liquid crystal alignment.

As an improvement of the inorganic alignment film, a method of treating an OH group on the surface of an oxide such as SiO ₂ with a coupling agent having an organic group at the terminal, such as alkyltriethoxysilane, has been considered. However, since inorganic materials that can be vertically aligned are limited, it is often difficult to improve alignment characteristics. On the other hand, as an improvement of the liquid crystal material, there is a method in which a plurality of liquid crystal compounds are mixed in an appropriate ratio. As a liquid crystal compound having negative dielectric anisotropy used for a vertical alignment type liquid crystal device, for example, There exists what was described in patent document 1. FIG.
JP 2000-96058 A

  Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal compound having a negative fluorine-based dielectric anisotropy and having durability against heat, visible light and ultraviolet light irradiation. However, there is no description of a liquid crystal compound suitable for a liquid crystal device provided with a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material, and there is no conventional example that particularly pursues the temporal stability and thermal stability of liquid crystal alignment.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is a liquid crystal composition applicable to a vertical alignment type liquid crystal device, and particularly suitable for a liquid crystal device including a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition having sufficient stability over time and thermal stability of alignment. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device having high durability against light or the like having such a liquid crystal composition, and a highly reliable projection display device including the liquid crystal device.

In order to solve the above problems, a liquid crystal composition of the present invention is a liquid crystal composition applied to a liquid crystal device provided with a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material, and has negative dielectric anisotropy. 70 mol% or more of one or more compounds selected from the compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1, Chemical Formula 2, and Chemical Formula 3 are contained, and the compound contained therein has an average number of fluorine substitutions per molecule of 1.7. It is the above. However, the conditions of the following chemical formula 4 are given, and in chemical formulas 1 to 4, R11, R21, and R31 are each independently an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R12, R22, and R32. Are each independently an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and Z11, Z21, Z22, Z31, Z32, and Z33 are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ —O. _{-, - CF 2 -O -,} - is C≡C-, an X1, X2, X11, X12, X21, X22, X31, X32 are independently from each other H or F.

  Even when such a liquid crystal composition is applied to a liquid crystal device using a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material, alignment stability over time and thermal stability can be obtained.

In general, it is known that a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material is inferior in alignment stability to an alignment film made of an organic material. This is probably because the anchoring energy of the liquid crystal is small. The anchoring energy is larger as the difference between the surface energy of the alignment film and the liquid crystal is smaller. Therefore, as in the present invention, since there are many polar groups such as OH groups on the surface of oxides such as SiO and SiO ₂ used as inorganic materials, anchoring is performed by substituting polar groups for liquid crystal molecules. Energy can be increased.

  Furthermore, the liquid crystal molecules are elongated molecules, and in order to obtain a stable vertical alignment, the surface energy on the side surfaces of the liquid crystal molecules may be made as small as possible from the surface energy at the liquid crystal molecule ends. As a substituent capable of reducing the surface energy, a fluorine atom is optimal, and it is known that the surface energy decreases as the number of fluorine atom substitutions increases. Accordingly, a liquid crystal composition using the above compound in which a large number of fluorine groups are introduced into the side chain of a ring structure such as a phenylene group constituting the liquid crystal molecule has stable vertical alignment.

  On the other hand, there are many substituents that increase the surface energy of the terminal groups of the liquid crystal molecules and increase the polarity, but alkoxy groups are the most suitable substituents that do not affect the negative dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules. is there. However, when the alkyl portion of the alkoxy group becomes longer, the surface energy is reduced and the polarity is also lowered. Therefore, the length of the alkyl portion is preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms.

  The liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains 70 mol% or more of a compound having a fluorine substituent in the side chain and one terminal group having an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as compound A), It has negative dielectric anisotropy. The compound A contained therein has an average number of fluorine substitutions per molecule of 1.7 or more. The average number of fluorine substitutions per molecule is represented by the following number 1.

  Next, in order to solve the above-described problem, the liquid crystal device of the present invention is a liquid crystal device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and a vertical layer made of an inorganic material is provided on the liquid crystal layer side of each substrate. An alignment film is formed, and the liquid crystal layer includes the liquid crystal composition according to the invention. Such a liquid crystal device has excellent temporal stability and thermal stability of the liquid crystal alignment and is extremely reliable, and has sufficient durability even when a light source having a high light intensity is used. It will have.

  Next, a projection display device according to the present invention includes the above-described liquid crystal device as a light modulation device. Specifically, the light modulation device includes a light source device, a light modulation device that modulates light emitted from the light source device, and a projection device that projects light modulated by the light modulation device. It can consist of an apparatus. Since such a projection display device includes the liquid crystal device of the present invention as a light modulation device, the projection display device is excellent in reliability with few occurrences of problems due to use over time.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, in order to make each layer and each member into a size that can be recognized on the drawing, the scale is varied for each layer and each member.

  The liquid crystal device of the present embodiment shown below is an active matrix type liquid crystal device that includes the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention and uses a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element as a switching element. FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of switching elements, signal lines, and the like in a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix constituting the pixel region of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the structure of a plurality of pixel groups adjacent to each other on a TFT array substrate on which data lines, scanning lines, pixel electrodes and the like are formed. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the liquid crystal device of this embodiment.

  In the liquid crystal device according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix includes a pixel electrode 123 and a TFT element that is a switching element for controlling current application to the pixel electrode 123. 30, and a data line 6 a to which a data signal is supplied is electrically connected to the source of the TFT element 30. The data signals S1, S2,..., Sn to be written to the data line 6a are supplied line-sequentially in this order, or are supplied for each group to a plurality of adjacent data lines 6a.

  In addition, the scanning line 3a is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT element 30, and scanning signals G1, G2,..., Gm are applied to the plurality of scanning lines 3a in a pulse-sequential manner at predetermined timing. The Further, the pixel electrode 123 is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT element 30, and the data signal S1, S2,... Supplied from the data line 6a is turned on by turning on the TFT element 30 as a switching element for a certain period. , Sn is written at a predetermined timing.

  A predetermined level of data signals S1, S2,..., Sn written to the liquid crystal via the pixel electrode 123 is held for a certain period with the common electrode described later. The liquid crystal can modulate light by changing the orientation and order of the molecular assembly according to the applied voltage level. Here, in order to prevent the retained data signal from leaking, a storage capacitor 70 is added in parallel with the liquid crystal capacitor formed between the pixel electrode 123 and the common electrode.

  Next, the planar configuration of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a rectangular pixel electrode 123 made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as “ITO”) is outlined on a transparent substrate (to be described later) by a dotted line portion 123A. ) Are provided in a matrix, and data lines 6a, scanning lines 3a, and capacitor lines 3b are provided along the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the pixel electrode 123, respectively. In the present embodiment, each pixel electrode 123 and a region where the data line 6a, the scanning line 3a, the capacitor line 3b, etc., which are arranged so as to surround each pixel electrode 123 are formed are pixels, and are arranged in a matrix. It has a structure capable of performing light modulation for each pixel.

  Next, a cross-sectional configuration of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal device 100 according to this embodiment has a cross-sectional configuration in which a liquid crystal layer 104 is sandwiched between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal device 100 can be modulated.

  The liquid crystal device 100 has a configuration in which a liquid crystal layer 104 is sandwiched between an upper substrate 101 and a lower substrate 102 that are arranged to face each other, and the liquid crystal layer 104 is sealed with a sealing material 105. On the inner surface side (the liquid crystal layer 104 side) of the upper substrate 101, a common electrode 113 and an alignment film 115 disposed in a solid shape are formed on the entire surface of the substrate, and the outer surface side (upper surface side in the drawing) of the upper substrate 101 is formed. ), A retardation plate 118 and a polarizing plate 119 are laminated in this order.

  On the other hand, on the inner surface side (the liquid crystal layer 104 side) of the lower substrate 102, a plurality of pixel electrodes 123 arranged in a matrix in a plan view and an alignment film 125 are provided. Further, a phase difference plate 128 and a polarizing plate 129 are provided in this order on the outer surface side of the lower substrate 102. For example, a light source (illustrated) further provided on the lower side (outer surface side) of the polarizing plate 129. Light is selectively transmitted through and modulated. The polarizing plates 119 and 129 disposed on the upper and lower substrates 101 and 102 are disposed such that the transmission polarization axes intersect each other vertically.

In the liquid crystal device 100 of the present embodiment, a material having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used as a liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer 104. In particular, 70 mol% of one or more compounds selected from the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas 5, 6 and 7 having an average fluorine substitution number of 1.7 or more per molecule: It comprised with the liquid crystal composition contained above.
However, the conditions of the following chemical formula 8 are given, and in chemical formulas 5 to 8, R11, R21, and R31 are each independently a C1-7 alkyl group or alkenyl group, and R12, R22, R32 Are each independently an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and Z11, Z21, Z22, Z31, Z32, and Z33 are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ —O. _{-, - CF 2 -O -,} - is C≡C-, an X1, X2, X11, X12, X21, X22, X31, X32 are independently from each other H or F.

The average number of fluorine substitutions per molecule is represented by the following number 2.

  The alignment films 115 and 125 disposed so as to face each other between the substrates 101 and 102 are formed by vapor deposition of an inorganic material made of SiOx or TiOx (x represents a natural number), respectively. . As described above, in the present embodiment, the vertical alignment films 115 and 125 are made of an inorganic material, and thus have higher light resistance and heat resistance than an alignment film made of an organic material such as polyimide. It has become a thing.

  A vapor deposition method for forming the vertical alignment films 115 and 125 on the substrate will be described. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing the configuration of the vapor deposition apparatus. In this embodiment, the vapor deposition apparatus 300 is used to obliquely deposit an inorganic material (for example, silicon oxide) from a predetermined direction on the substrate. It is supposed to be.

  The vapor deposition apparatus 300 includes a vapor deposition source 302 that generates silicon oxide vapor, a vapor circulation portion 303 having an opening 303a through which the silicon oxide vapor can flow, and a substrate S inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the vapor deposition source 302. A vapor deposition chamber 308 having a substrate disposing portion 307 to be disposed, and a vacuum pump 310 for evacuating the vapor deposition chamber 308 are provided.

  The vapor deposition method in the present embodiment is as follows. First, when the vacuum pump 310 is operated, the vapor deposition chamber 308 is evacuated, and when the vapor deposition source 302 is heated by a heating device (not shown), vapor of silicon oxide is generated from the vapor deposition source 302. The vapor stream of silicon oxide generated from the vapor deposition source 302 passes through the opening 303a and is vapor deposited on the surface of the substrate S at a predetermined angle (vapor deposition angle). Here, in this embodiment, in order to provide vertical alignment, the vapor deposition angle is determined so that the angle θ between the vapor deposition source and the substrate S is, for example, 30 °.

  According to the liquid crystal device 100 as described above, since the liquid crystal composition constituting the liquid crystal layer 104 is a compound represented by the above chemical formulas 5 to 7 and satisfying the above conditions, an inorganic material is used. Even when applied to a liquid crystal device using a vertical alignment film made of the above, the liquid crystal device has high temporal stability and thermal stability of alignment, and is a highly reliable liquid crystal device.

  In addition, in the liquid crystal composition applied to the liquid crystal layer 104 of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, examples of the compound represented by Chemical formula 5 include the compounds of (1a) to (1e) represented by Chemical formula 13 below.

  Of these, the compounds (1d) and (1e) are particularly preferred because they have a large negative absolute value of dielectric anisotropy. Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio which contains at least 1 of these compounds and occupies for the whole liquid-crystal composition is 5 mol%-50 mol%.

  Moreover, in the liquid crystal composition applied to the liquid crystal layer 104 of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, examples of the compound represented by Chemical formula 6 include the compounds of (2a) to (2h) represented by Chemical formula 10 below.

  Of these, the compounds (2d), (2e) and (2h) are preferable because they have a large negative absolute value of dielectric anisotropy and a high clearing point. This is preferable because the negative absolute value is large and the birefringence is large. In addition, it is preferable that at least one, preferably three or more of these compounds are contained, and the proportion of the total liquid crystal composition is 30 mol% to 70 mol%.

  Moreover, in the liquid crystal composition applied to the liquid crystal layer 104 of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, examples of the compound represented by Chemical formula 7 include the compounds of (3a) to (3e) represented by Chemical formula 11 below.

  These compounds have a very high clearing point, and the compound (3e) is particularly preferable because of its large negative absolute value of dielectric anisotropy. Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio which contains at least 1 of these compounds and occupies for the whole liquid-crystal composition is 5 mol%-30 mol%.

  Further, in the liquid crystal composition applied to the liquid crystal layer 104 of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, other compounds may be added up to 30 mol% of the entire liquid crystal composition in addition to the compounds of Chemical Formulas 5 to 7. Other compounds include nematic liquid crystal compounds or nematic analogs such as phenylcyclohexane, biphenyl, terphenyl, biphenylcyclohexane, phenyl or cyclohexylbenzoate, 1,4-bis-cyclohexylbiphenyl, dicyclohexylbenzene Series, phenyl-1,3-dioxane series, phenylpyrimidine series, and tolan series.

  Furthermore, the liquid crystal composition applied to the liquid crystal layer 104 of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment has a crystal-nematic transition point of −20 ° C. or lower and a clearing point of 100 ° C. or higher, and a composite of 0.14 or higher at 60 ° C. It preferably has a refractive index, further has a dielectric anisotropy of −4 or less, and has a viscosity of 60 mPa · s or less at 20 ° C. This makes it possible to maintain a more stable vertical alignment.

(Example)
In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, the following examples and comparative examples were compared and examined.
First, two glass substrates were prepared, and SiO ₂ was obliquely vapor-deposited to a thickness of 100 to 200 mm on each side from a direction of 30 degrees with respect to the substrate surface to prepare a substrate with a deposited film.
On one substrate with a vapor deposition film, an epoxy thermosetting adhesive mixed with silica spheres with a diameter of about 3 μm is printed on a portion other than the liquid crystal inlet on the outer periphery of the SiO ₂ vapor deposition surface, and the other substrate with a vapor deposition film The _two layers of the substrate with the deposited film were disposed so that the deposition direction was 180 ° with the SiO ₂ deposition surface facing inward, and they were bonded together by heating at 140 ° C. for 1 hour.

A liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy was vacuum-injected into the inner space where these two substrates were bonded together from the injection port. Thereafter, the injection port was sealed by irradiating UV of wavelength 365 nm with 3000 mJ / cm ² using an acrylic UV adhesive, and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal cell using an alignment film of an inorganic material was prepared.

  The liquid crystal cell thus prepared is left in a constant temperature bath at 80 ° C., taken out every predetermined time, sandwiched between polarizing plates arranged in parallel, and observed for the alignment state to measure the time when the vertical alignment state starts to be disturbed. did. Table 1 shows the relationship between the composition of the compounds used as the liquid crystal composition and the abbreviations, and Table 2 shows the measurement results for the liquid crystal composition used (time when alignment disorder started (unit: hour)). In addition, the unit of the numerical value of a composition is mol%.

  In Comparative Example 1, all the components of the liquid crystal composition are composed of compounds composed of dialkyl groups. Since the alkyl group has a small surface energy, the difference in surface energy between the molecular side surface and the terminal is small, and the terminal group has no polarity, so that the stability of the vertical alignment cannot be obtained.

  In Comparative Example 2, all the components of the liquid crystal composition are composed of compounds composed of alkoxy groups having 3 or more carbon atoms. In this case, the alkoxy group has a large surface energy, but a sufficient surface energy cannot be obtained due to the large number of carbon atoms, the difference between the surface energy of the molecular side and the terminal is not sufficient, and the polarity of the terminal group is slightly small. In addition, the stability of the vertical alignment was insufficient.

  In Comparative Example 3, 50 mol% of the liquid crystal composition is composed of a compound composed of an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms. In this case, sufficient surface energy cannot be obtained due to the low content of the compound, so the difference between the surface energy of the molecular side and the terminal is not sufficient, and the polarity of the terminal group is small, so the stability of vertical alignment Was insufficient.

  In Comparative Example 4, 70 mol% of the liquid crystal composition is composed of an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and a compound having an average fluorine substitution number per molecule of 1.6. In this case, since the number of fluorine average substitutions is small, the surface energy of the molecular side surface is large, and the difference between the surface energy of the molecular side surface and the terminal is not sufficient, so that the stability of the vertical alignment is insufficient.

  In Examples 1 and 2, 70 mol% and 80 mol% of the liquid crystal composition are composed of an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and a compound having an average fluorine substitution number per molecule of 1.8. In this case, the surface energy at the molecular end is sufficiently large, the surface energy in the molecular long axis direction is sufficiently small, the difference between the surface energy at the molecular side and the terminal is sufficiently small, and the polarity of the terminal group is sufficiently large. Sufficient stability was obtained.

  In Examples 3 and 4, the stability of vertical alignment was further improved by increasing the average number of fluorine substitutions per molecule and the content of the compound as compared with Examples 1 and 2.

[Second Embodiment]
The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, an example of a projector (projection display device) using the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment as a light modulation device will be described. Since the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment has high light resistance and heat resistance, it is preferably used as a light modulation device of a projector (projection type display device).

  FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a main part of the projection display device of the present embodiment. 5, 810 is a light source, 813 and 814 are dichroic mirrors, 815, 816 and 817 are reflection mirrors, 818 is an incident lens, 819 is a relay lens, 820 is an exit lens, 822, 823 and 824 are liquid crystal light modulators, Reference numeral 825 denotes a cross dichroic prism, and reference numeral 826 denotes a projection lens.

  The light source 810 includes a lamp 811 such as a metal halide and a reflector 812 that reflects the light of the lamp. The dichroic mirror 813 that reflects blue light and green light transmits red light of the light flux from the light source 810 and reflects blue light and green light. The transmitted red light is reflected by the reflection mirror 817 and is incident on the red light liquid crystal light modulator 822 including the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment.

  On the other hand, green light out of the color light reflected by the dichroic mirror 813 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 814 that reflects green light and enters the liquid crystal light modulator 823 for green light that includes the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment. Note that the blue light also passes through the second dichroic mirror 814. For blue light, light guide means 821 comprising a relay lens system including an incident lens 818, a relay lens 819, and an exit lens 820 is provided in order to compensate for the difference in optical path length from green light and red light. Through this, the blue light is incident on the blue light liquid crystal light modulation device 824 including the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment.

  The three color lights modulated by the respective light modulation devices 822, 823, and 824 are incident on the cross dichroic prism 825. In this prism, four right-angle prisms are bonded together, and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects red light and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects blue light are formed in a cross shape on the inner surface. These dielectric multilayer films combine the three color lights to form light representing a color image. The synthesized light is projected onto the screen 827 by the projection lens 826 which is a projection optical system, and the image is enlarged and displayed.

  Since the projection type display device of this embodiment having such a structure is provided with the liquid crystal device 100 of the first embodiment, it is excellent in durability against light and heat and maintains the display quality for a long time. Display device.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the liquid crystal device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating a pixel configuration of the liquid crystal device. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the main part of the liquid crystal device. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of a vapor deposition apparatus. The conceptual diagram shown about the projection type display apparatus of 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 ... Upper substrate, 102 ... Lower substrate, 104 ... Liquid crystal layer, 113 ... Common electrode, 115, 125 ... Vertical alignment film (alignment film), 123 ... Pixel electrode

Claims (3)

A liquid crystal composition applied to a liquid crystal device having a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material, having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and selected from the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas 1, 2 and 3 A liquid crystal composition comprising 70 mol% or more of one or two or more compounds, wherein the compound contained has an average number of fluorine substitutions per molecule of 1.7 or more.
However, the conditions of the following chemical formula 4 are given, and in chemical formulas 1 to 4, R11, R21, and R31 are each independently an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R12, R22, and R32. Are each independently an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and Z11, Z21, Z22, Z31, Z32, and Z33 are each independently a single bond, —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —, —CH ₂ —O. _{-, - CF 2 -O -,} - is C≡C-, X1, X2, X11, X12, X21, X22, X31, X32 is H or F independently of one another.

A liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates,
2. A liquid crystal device comprising: a vertical alignment film made of an inorganic material formed on a liquid crystal layer side of each substrate; and the liquid crystal layer comprising the liquid crystal composition according to claim 1.   A projection display device comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 2 as a light modulation device.

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