JP2005165469A - Evaluation device and method and its program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evaluation device and method and its program for easily and efficiently evaluating costs to be shared by the manufacturer and user of a product and a society across a whole product life cycle including costs to a load to be imposed on an environment through the product life cycle. <P>SOLUTION: The amount of emission of pollutant in each stage of a life cycle is calculated based on an inputted production plan by using an environmental load original unit corresponding to a country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle. Then, enterprise costs, user costs and society costs(recycle), society costs(impact) and potential costs are calculated by using environmental influence evaluation coefficients corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle and disposal costs for each category of a disposal method. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an environmental cost evaluation method and apparatus for products and systems.

  In recent years, interest in global environmental issues has increased, and not only environmental considerations caused by production activities in factories, but also the reduction of environmental impact on products has been demanded. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has attracted attention. Has been. LCA is a technique for analyzing and evaluating the load that a product has on the environment throughout its life and improving it toward reducing the environmental load. In other words, LCA grasps and evaluates the environmental load throughout the product life cycle (raw material collection, manufacturing, distribution, use, disposal, recycling). LCA is not a partial good or bad, but a comprehensive evaluation over the life of the product, and a method for scientifically or rationally improving by quantitatively grasping loads such as air pollution, resource efficiency, and waste volume. It is characterized by making it available.

However, methods that perform thorough process analysis throughout the product life cycle require a great deal of time and effort to evaluate. Since home appliances are manufactured in large quantities and varieties and have a large share of the environmental burden, assessment by LCA is important. What kind of environmental burden does the product have in the life cycle? In order to reduce the load, it is necessary to delve into issues such as what should be improved at which stage and reflect them in actual improvements. Some products with a short development period such as home appliances perform life cycle evaluation from the design stage (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 10-57936 A

  Even if the environmental load over the product life cycle can be easily grasped by the method as described above and the degree of reduction of the environmental load can be grasped, how much the cost increases to reduce the environmental load. It is not possible to grasp until it brought about.

  There is life cycle costing (LCC) as a concept in calculating the cost of the entire life cycle of a product. Similar to LCA, which is a comprehensive evaluation of the entire product life cycle, it is necessary to grasp and evaluate costs throughout the product life cycle. Furthermore, as for cost evaluation, Total Cost Assessment (TCA) is known. TCA is an evaluation method for corporate costs including costs that will occur in the future. Further, full cost accounting (FCA) has been proposed, which grasps the total cost including social costs that are not borne by companies and users.

  However, there has never been an example in which cost evaluation is performed in the framework of the FCA linked to the environmental load calculated from the LCA. That is, conventionally, there has been a problem that it is not possible to support the formulation of a company's environmental strategy by using LCA data in terms of both environmental load and environmental cost.

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention includes the cost of the load that the product has on the environment throughout its life cycle, including the cost of the product manufacturer, the user of the product, and the society throughout the life cycle. An object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation apparatus, method, and program capable of easily and efficiently evaluating a burdened cost.

  The present invention evaluates the costs incurred by the manufacturer of the product, the user of the product, and society in the life cycle including the stages of material procurement, manufacture, distribution, use, recovery, disposal / recycling of the product. (A) Environmental impact assessment factor for each year indicating the amount of environmental impact per unit of environmental pollutant for each country or region, and the amount of damage that the society suffers for one unit of environmental pollutant And storing the disposal cost for each type of disposal method for each year in the storage means, (b) at least the number of products produced, the types of materials required at each stage of the life cycle, and their weights (C) specify a country or region for each stage of the life cycle, and (d) correspond to the country or region specified for each stage of the life cycle. Previous Calculate the amount of environmental pollutant emissions at each stage of the life cycle based on the production plan for each fiscal year using the environmental load unit, and (e) the country or country designated for each stage of the life cycle A first cost (social cost (impact)) borne by the society at each stage of the life cycle is calculated for each year based on the emission amount using the environmental impact assessment count corresponding to the region, and (f ) Costs borne by the manufacturer for shipping and transportation in the country or region designated for the raw material procurement, manufacturing, and distribution stages calculated based on the production plan, and disposal / Of the amount of waste disposed of without being recycled, calculated using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the recycling stage Calculate the second cost ((traditional) company cost) borne by the manufacturer, including the cost borne by the manufacturer for the amount collected by the manufacturer and discarded by the manufacturer, (G) The cost borne by the user in the use stage based on the energy consumption of the product and the unit price of the energy corresponding to the country or region designated for the use stage of the life cycle. The cost (user cost) 3 is calculated for each fiscal year, and (h) the product is recycled at the disposal / recycling stage using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the disposal / recycling stage of the life cycle. The fourth cost (social cost (social cost)) of the amount of waste disposed of without being collected by the manufacturer and discarded by the society. Recycling)) by year, (i) calculate the fifth cost (potential cost) that the manufacturer may bear in the future when manufacturing the product, and (j) Based on the first to fifth costs, a total cost for each year corresponding to the production plan is calculated, and (k) a total cost for each year is output.

  According to the present invention, for a given product production plan, the manufacturer of the product, the user of the product, the society of the product, including the cost of the product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle. The cost of each can be evaluated easily and efficiently.

  FIG. 1 is a framework for environmental cost evaluation, and shows cost evaluation according to FCA. The five costs of “traditional company cost”, “potential company cost”, “social cost (impact)”, “social cost (recycling)”, and “user cost” in FIG. 1 are calculated.

  “Traditional company cost” refers to a cost that a company has conventionally borne, and applies to the amount of shipment (TOV) per product, transportation cost, and disposal recycling cost. TOV is data that can be easily obtained if it is engaged in product development. Since the amount is already borne by the company, including other transportation costs, the data is always present and easy to account for. Product disposal / recycling costs vary depending on the target recycling rate at the time of actual collection, available recycling technologies, and recycling infrastructure. Therefore, it is possible to make a more detailed evaluation by estimating the future fluctuations separately, as well as counting up to the extent available at the present time.

  “Potential corporate costs” are costs that may occur in the future, such as the increase in payments due to the introduction of environmental taxes and the cost of countermeasures associated with the strengthening of laws and regulations.

  “Social cost (impact)” refers to the environmental cost borne by society and can be calculated from the LCA results. For example, the “social cost (impact)” can be calculated from the environmental load by applying a damage calculation type impact assessment method in LCA. As a typical damage calculation type impact assessment method, LIFE (Life-cycle Impact assessment based on Endpoint modeling) developed in “Product Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment Method Technology Development” (commonly known as LCA project) is there. An Eco-Indicator developed in Europe is a similar method. These methods estimate the degree of damage caused by various environmental loads on end points (humans and ecosystems). As a result, it is possible to calculate the total amount of damage by integrating various environmental effects, and this corresponds to “social cost (impact)”.

  “Social cost (recycling)” is the disposal / recycling cost of used products that are not collected by the company, and corresponds to the processing cost by the local government. The calculation of “social cost (recycling)” can be considered as equivalent to the recycling cost in-house, or estimated from the collection cost.

  FIG. 2 shows a schematic procedure for environmental cost evaluation based on the framework of FIG. In order to consider the uncertainty, the expected value of the environmental cost is calculated using scenario simulation. Scenarios considered in scenario simulation are classified into two types. One is an “uncertainty factor” and the other is a “decision-making option”. The former refers to factors that companies cannot control, and is positioned as a “social scenario” that is composed of macro factors such as the introduction of policies and changes in the industrial structure. On the other hand, the latter refers to factors that can be controlled by the company and is positioned as a “company scenario” consisting of various measures to improve the product.

  “Uncertainty factors” include introduction of laws and regulations, improvement of energy efficiency, fluctuations in environmental load intensity, and so on. By creating a scenario tree for each of the above and setting the occurrence probability of the event, the expected value of the environmental cost can be calculated. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation may be applied for setting the probability of occurrence of a social scenario.

  It is desirable to set social scenarios such as the introduction of laws and regulations by region. This is because there are various stages of introducing environmental policies by region, such as Japan, Europe, the United States, and developing countries. Setting the probability of introducing environmental policies has a major impact on the calculation of “potential company costs”.

  As described above, LCA data is used to calculate “potential company cost” and “social cost (impact)”. The environmental load unit used for calculating the LCA may be a numerical value based on a stacking method or a numerical value estimated using an input-output table. However, the calculation of “potential company costs” is based on the premise that the inventory (environmental impact items such as CO2 emissions, SOX emissions, etc.) covered by environmental policies in each region is calculated by LCA. Become. In addition, the calculation of “social cost (impact)” cannot take into account a wide variety of environmental aspects unless a large inventory is available.

  “Decision-making options” include options for reducing the environmental impact of products such as weight reduction, material substitution, and reduction of hazardous substances, as well as production units and production bases for a certain period. For each company scenario, it is possible to calculate an environmental cost and to examine a company scenario (corporate strategy) that results in a minimum cost. For example, it is possible to perform cost evaluation (product development strategy planning) associated with reduction of environmental impacts of products, cost evaluation (production site optimization) according to differences in production bases, and the like. In addition, it is possible to calculate the total cost taking into account the number of units produced in a certain period, not the environmental cost per product.

  The calculated result is displayed in a graph. The calculation results when the scenario occurrence probability is changed or when the company scenario is changed are displayed to support the planning of the corporate strategy and environmental strategy so that the cost related to the enterprise is minimized.

  In this way, a decision maker in a company can calculate a company cost and a social cost for each of various company scenarios. Therefore, a company's environmental strategy can be examined through a number of simulations.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of the evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment, and performs cost evaluation based on a general product life cycle model (material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, disposal / recycling).

  The evaluation apparatus shown in FIG. 3 includes an input unit 1, an environmental load evaluation unit 2, a corporate cost / user cost evaluation unit 3, a latent cost evaluation unit 5, a present value conversion unit 6, and a cost aggregation unit 7. The output unit 8, the first storage unit 11 that stores the environmental load intensity (LCI), the second storage unit 12 that stores the disposal cost, and the third storage that stores the environmental impact assessment coefficient (LCIA) The unit 13 is configured.

  The input unit 1 is for inputting data necessary for processing in the environmental load evaluation unit 2, the company cost / user cost evaluation unit 3, the latent cost evaluation unit 5, and the present value conversion unit 6.

  The environmental load evaluation unit 2 calculates the emission amount of any environmental pollutant (for example, carbon dioxide CO2) at each stage of the product life cycle, and the total amount of environmental pollutant throughout the product life cycle (environmental load). ) Is calculated. The first storage unit 11 stores environmental load basic units of various materials and energy. The environmental load evaluation unit 2 uses the environmental load basic units stored in the first storage unit 11 to Calculate the load.

  The company cost / user cost evaluation unit 3 determines the costs that companies incur in shipping and transportation during the raw material procurement, manufacturing, and distribution stages in the life cycle, and the amount of waste that is discarded without being recycled in the life cycle disposal / recycling stage. Among the traditional enterprise cost (corporate cost) including the cost borne by the company for the amount collected by the company and discarded by the company, and the user cost that is borne by the user in the use stage of the life cycle And the social cost (recycling), which is the cost borne by the society for the amount of waste disposed of without being collected by the company in the disposal / recycling stage of the life cycle calculate. The second storage unit 12 stores cost data for each disposal method, such as crushing, incineration, landfill, and industrial waste collection, used when calculating the corporate cost and social cost (recycling).

  The social cost evaluation unit 4 uses the environmental pollutant emission amount at each stage of the product life cycle calculated by the environmental load evaluation unit 2 and the environmental impact evaluation coefficient stored in the third storage unit 13. Calculate social costs (impact).

  The potential cost evaluation unit 5 calculates a potential cost corresponding to a cost (tax or the like) that a company is expected to bear in the future according to an environmental policy such as the government.

  The present value conversion unit 6 converts a company cost, a user cost, a social cost (recycling), a social cost (impact), and a latent cost into a monetary value corresponding to each year.

  The cost totaling unit 7 totals the above costs.

  The output unit 8 outputs the aggregated cost.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the processing operation of the evaluation apparatus of FIG. Hereinafter, a description will be given according to the flowchart shown in FIG.

  First, a production plan for a product is input from the input unit 1 (step S1). The production plan is, for example, the production (planned) number of units for each year as shown in FIG. 5 and the product data shown in FIG.

(Environmental impact assessment)
Next, in step S3, the total discharge amount of environmental pollutants throughout the product life cycle is calculated. As shown in FIG. 26, the environmental load evaluation unit 2 produces a production plan such as product data, product procurement, manufacturing, distribution, etc. input from the input unit 1, usage patterns, collection rates and recycling by material. Based on the possible material reduction rate, disposal method, etc., and the environmental load intensity stored in the first storage unit 11, the environmental load in each stage of the product life cycle, and further the entire life cycle Calculate the total amount of environmental load over

  Here, a calculation method for each stage of the life cycle will be described.

  Although it is desirable to cover all the environmental load items (for example, carbon dioxide emission amount and waste generation amount) to be calculated, it depends on the environmental load unit used. In the implementation of LCA, it is very laborious to construct a database for storing this environmental load unit, and it can be said that there is almost no complete data. The calculation is limited to items that should be regarded as important in the environmental aspects of the product to be evaluated. Here, calculation of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions) will be described, but other environmental pollutants can be similarly calculated.

[1] Raw material procurement stage and manufacturing stage The product data input from the input unit 1 as shown in FIG. 6 includes the material composition, manufacturing energy, power consumption, subsidiary materials, etc. of the product used per product. The quantity and mass of the product are included. This product data can be used as input data in the conventional LCA. If LCA of the target product is performed, the input data is grasped in the same format, and time-series data is created based on this. Here, future product improvement proposals can be reflected in the data. For example, material substitution, product weight reduction, factory energy saving, and the like represent a company scenario corresponding to the “decision-making option” in FIG. The example of FIG. 6 is a scenario for reducing the weight of a product, and it can be seen that the amount of steel used is gradually decreasing as the year progresses.

  The environmental load basic units of various materials and energy are stored in the first storage unit 11, and the environmental load is calculated using the corresponding CO2 emission basic unit. The CO2 emission intensity is set as time-series data for each year, taking into account future fluctuations. In the case of energy-derived environmental loads, the future CO2 emission intensity is expected to be small in consideration of future energy efficiency improvements.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of storage of emission source units by various materials and by year in the case of CO 2 stored in the first storage unit 11. For example, the CO2 emission basic unit of electronic parts is set to decrease every year. More precisely, it is desirable to estimate future changes in the industrial structure through input-output analysis and general equilibrium analysis. This makes it possible to reflect changes in social and economic conditions in CO2 emission intensity.

  The total amount of CO2 emissions by year and by material / energy is the number of units produced from the production plan, the amount of use by material and energy obtained from product data, and the emission source unit corresponding to the material and energy. It is obtained by multiplying.

  For example, the total amount of CO2 emissions of steel in 2005 is 100 production units in 2005 in FIG. 5, 500 steel consumption in 2005 in FIG. 6, and 2005 in FIG. 7. Multiply by the annual CO2 emission basic unit 2 [gCO2 / g] of steel, and it becomes 100 [kgCO2].

  The same calculation is performed for each material and energy, and the total amount of CO2 emissions is calculated for each fiscal year. The result is shown in FIG.

[2] Distribution Stage In the distribution stage, as shown in FIG. 9, the distribution route (transport distance), transport means, and transport load ratio for each year are input from the input unit 1, and based on these, the fuel consumption amount Calculate (light oil consumption). The total amount of CO2 emission is calculated by multiplying the light oil consumption by the CO2 emission intensity of light oil. Assuming that the loading rate is 80%, the CO2 emission basic unit [gCO2 / km] for each means of transportation as shown in FIG. 10 is stored in the first storage unit 11 in advance from the loading rate and the fuel consumption of the means of transportation. It may be.

  Since the loadable weight and the loadable volume are determined for each transportation means (truck), it depends on the weight or volume of the product. Calculate how many trucks are needed to transport all the production units for a given year shown in FIG. When the weight and the volume are viewed, the number of target products to be stacked is calculated, and the larger value is determined. In this case, the production scale can be transported by one truck anyway.

  For example, the CO2 emission amount in 2005 is calculated by multiplying the transport distance 200 [km] obtained from the input data of FIG. 9 and the CO2 emission basic unit 700 [gCO2 / km] of 4 t truck obtained from FIG. kgCO2]. The same calculation is performed for each year to calculate the total amount of CO2 emissions. The result is shown in FIG.

  As in the raw material procurement stage, it is possible to reflect in the input data measures for improving the efficiency of logistics, such as changes in logistics routes and loading ratios, and changes in transportation means (ie, modal shift). These all represent corporate decision-making options.

[3] Usage Stage In the usage stage, as shown in FIG. 12, the power consumption of the product and the usage pattern of the product by the user are input from the input unit 1, and the total amount of power consumption is estimated from this. The total amount of CO2 emission is calculated by multiplying the total amount of power consumption by the CO2 emission intensity of electricity.

  The usage pattern includes usage time [hour / day], usage frequency [day / year], and usage year [year]. In addition to power, if there is consumption of energy and resources such as maintenance parts, it is necessary to calculate the environmental load.

  CO2 emissions in 2005 are as follows: 100 units produced from FIG. 5, power consumption 100 [W] of the product obtained from the input data in FIG. 12, usage time 1 [hour / day] Multiplication of the usage frequency 365 [day / year], the usage year 7 [year], and the CO2 emission basic unit 100 [gCO2 / kWh] stored in the first storage unit 11, 365 [kgCO2 / Year]. The same calculation is performed for each year to calculate the total amount of CO2 emissions. The result is shown in FIG.

  Here, a reduction in power consumption (energy saving) can be reflected in the input data. Further, by changing the usage pattern, it is possible to take into account changes in the consumer's lifestyle. This corresponds to the uncertainty factor of FIG. 2 and is represented by a social scenario.

  In setting the years of use, a more exact result can be obtained by setting a probability distribution (for example, a normal distribution having a peak at 7 years) in consideration of variations in the years of use of consumers. Generally, since energy consumption products have a very large amount of CO2 emission at the use stage, it can be said that the accuracy of the overall evaluation results is improved by performing a more rigorous evaluation.

[4] Disposal / Recycling Stage In the disposal / recycling stage, the recovery rate for each material, the reduction rate of recyclable materials, the disposal method, and the like are input from the input unit 1 to calculate the total amount of CO2 emission. Set the collection time according to the years of use of the product. In this embodiment, since the use period of the product is 7 years, the 2005 manufactured product will be collected in 2012.

  The collection rate of the target product as shown in FIG. 15 is input. If it is not collected by the company, it may be landfilled or recycled by the local government. When external recycling is significantly different from in-house recycling methods, it is necessary to calculate CO2 emissions separately. In the future, if it is obliged to recycle the target product, if the recycling is established even if it is not, it is considered that there is not much difference between the in-house recycling status and the external recycling status, and it can be regarded as equivalent to the in-house is there. Here, the in-house recovery rate is set to 10 [%], and the calculation is made on the assumption that both the in-house and the outside perform the same recycling.

  As materials that can be recycled, iron, copper, aluminum, glass, paper, and cardboard are set in advance. These are materials that are widely recycled at the present time. If the company conducts special recycling, add it as a recyclable material. In addition, it is necessary to periodically examine whether there are additional materials other than the above six materials.

  For the above six materials, reduction rates as shown in FIG. 16 are set. The reduction rate refers to the ratio of the energy load that is reduced by introducing recycled material from the energy load for producing the material from 100% of the virgin material when re-entering the material manufacturing process. In the case of steel, it is 65%. Materials other than the above shall be incinerated or landfilled.

  The environmental impact at the disposal / recycling stage is automatically calculated based on the above-mentioned market information on disposal / recycling. However, if the in-house recycling is significantly different from the recycling in the market, it is necessary to set up a new unique flow for detailed evaluation. In addition, it is desirable to always reflect the latest situation even in automatic calculation, and it is possible to calculate a more accurate environmental load by updating information.

  Multiplying the production quantity by year obtained from FIG. 5 and the amount of material used [g] obtained from FIG. 6 and the recovery rate of FIG. 15, the recycling is not recovered, that is, the amount of disposal is calculated. The amount of waste disposal in 2012 is 90.4 [kg] by multiplying the production number 100 [units] by the total mass 904 [g] calculated by multiplying the material usage and the recovery rate. . This is multiplied by the CO2 emission basic unit of FIG. 14 to obtain 12.7 [kgCO2].

  The reduction effect of CO2 emissions due to recycling of steel materials in 2012 is the production volume of 100 [units] in 2012, the amount of steel used 500 [g], the CO2 emission intensity of steel 2 [gCO2 / g], and the recovery From the rate 97 [%] and the reduction rate 65 [%], it becomes 63 [kg CO2], and this is treated as a negative value, which is the CO2 reduction effect by recycling. Similarly, other materials are calculated, and the CO2 reduction effect by material recycling is calculated for each year. The result is shown in FIG.

(Corporate cost / user cost evaluation)
Next, in step S4 and step S5 in FIG. 4, the traditional company cost (company cost), user cost, and social cost (recycling) are calculated. As shown in FIG. 27, these are the number of units produced and the product data as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the usage pattern as shown in FIG. 10, and the material as shown in FIG. Recovery rate by product, data such as shipment value (TOV) per product as shown in FIG. 18 and transportation costs, and the amount of waste disposal at the disposal / recycling stage calculated by the environmental impact assessment unit 2 Corporate cost and user cost evaluation based on process-specific cost data such as crushing, incineration, landfill, and industrial waste collection used when calculating the corporate cost and social cost (recycling) stored in the storage unit 12 Calculated by part 3.

  Below, the calculation method is demonstrated about each step.

[1] Raw Material Procurement Stage, Manufacturing Stage, and Distribution Stage The TOV per product as shown in FIG. 18 is used for the costs in the raw material procurement stage and the manufacturing stage. The TOV is data that can be easily obtained by anyone who is involved in product development. The same applies to transportation costs at the distribution stage.

  The company cost is calculated by multiplying the production quantity by year in FIG. 5 and the cost (sum of TOV and transportation cost) in FIG.

  The company cost in 2005 is 55 [10,000 yen] by multiplying the production volume of 100 [units] by the sum of TOV and transportation costs of 5500 [yen / unit].

[2] Use stage The cost generated in the use stage is a user cost. The cost (electricity cost) can be calculated by multiplying the total amount of power consumption calculated in the environmental load evaluation unit 2 by the unit price of power. Unit prices of various materials and energy such as unit prices of electric power are stored in the second storage unit 12 in advance. As unit price information, for example, an average unit price in Japan can be used based on statistical data such as an input-output table. If there is data managed in the company's own office, it can be used.

  The electric power consumption in 2005 is 255.5 [kWh], and it is 54 [10,000 yen] by multiplying the production number 100 [units] and the electric power unit price 21 [yen / kWh]. The same calculation is performed for each year to calculate the total amount of CO2 emissions.

  The unit price of electricity here is the value of the average unit price listed in the 1995 input-output table, but the second storage unit 12 may store in advance a value that takes into account fluctuations in unit price. .

[3] Disposal / Recycling Stage In the disposal / recycling stage, cost data for each process such as crushing, incineration, landfill, industrial waste collection as shown in FIG. 19 is stored in the second storage unit 12 in advance.

  Each cost is calculated by multiplying the amount of disposal at the disposal / recycling stage calculated by the environmental impact assessment unit 2 by each cost unit in Figure 19, and calculating the share of the company by taking into account the in-house recovery rate To do.

  The landfill costs in 2012 are as follows: 100 units produced from Fig. 5; 904 [g] of waste disposal amount; 40 [yen / g] landfill cost basic unit; Multiply it to 36 [10,000 yen]. The same calculation is performed for each item, and the total amount of CO2 emissions is calculated for each fiscal year.

  Disposal costs for products not collected by the company are treated as social costs (recycling). That is, the cost 325 [10,000 yen] other than the company recovery rate of 10% is the social cost (recycling).

  The second storage unit 12 can reflect an improvement in product disassembly and a material substitution decision-making option.

(Social cost (impact) evaluation)
Next, in step S6 of FIG. 4, social cost (impact) is calculated. As shown in FIG. 26, the social cost evaluation unit 4 uses the environmental impact evaluation coefficient stored in the third storage unit 13 as the environmental load amount in each stage of the life cycle calculated in step S3. Calculated by multiplication.

  The third storage unit 13 stores, for each environmental pollutant, an environmental impact evaluation coefficient that represents the amount of damage to society per unit amount (for example, 1 g) of the environmental pollutant for each year.

  Here, for example, since CO2 is targeted as an environmental pollutant, the social cost (impact) is calculated using the environmental impact evaluation count corresponding to CO2. As the environmental impact evaluation coefficient, lime, external E, and the like are known. The feature of these methods is that various environmental loads are converted into monetary values and aggregated and integrated.

  The social cost (impact) at the material procurement stage in 2005 includes an impact evaluation factor of 1.621 [yen / kg CO2] by lime, and CO2 emissions at the material procurement stage calculated at step S3 as shown in FIG. Multiplication with kgCO2] yields 438 [yen]. The same calculation is performed for each stage, and the total amount of social cost (impact) is calculated for each year.

(Evaluation of potential cost)
In step S7 to step S9, a latent (target) cost is calculated. As shown in FIG. 28, the potential cost can be the environmental policy (for example, introduction of a carbon tax) input from the input unit 1, the probability of introduction, the tax rate that is possible when the environmental policy is introduced, and the tax rate. It is calculated based on the probability, the amount of environmental load discharged by the environmental load evaluation unit 2 and the target of the environmental policy.

  First, we will pick up the environmental impacts that have been subject to social costs that may be internalized as corporate costs by environmental policies (direct regulation and economic methods). It is necessary to create policy scenarios that may be introduced in the future. For example, in Japan, the introduction of an environmental tax (carbon tax) and a waste tax are being considered. If there is a database that comprehensively manages various environmental laws and regulations, such as the environmental laws and regulations database, it is desirable to utilize them.

  Sets the probability (introduction probability) regarding the time of introduction of the selected environmental policy. Enter “0” if there is no possibility of being introduced, and enter “1” if it is surely introduced. FIG. 20 is an example of probability setting for the introduction of the Japanese carbon tax.

  Next, a scenario tree of tax rates when the environmental policy is introduced is created. FIG. 21 is an example of a scenario tree related to the tax rate of carbon tax in Japan. The probability of occurrence of each scenario is set at each branch point. In addition, since these information are examined by a public organization (government), it is easy to obtain the information. Regarding the introduction probability, it is desirable to use the latest information at the time of analysis, and it is possible to analyze with higher accuracy by repeatedly updating.

  Calculate the cost burden for each scenario. In the case of a carbon tax, the target environmental load is the CO2 emission amount, which is calculated from the CO2 emission amount of the target product and the carbon tax rate calculated from the LCA. However, the taxable scope varies depending on the scenario. Assumed cases include a case where a carbon tax is introduced alone and a case where a carbon tax is introduced in combination with a subsidy, and the carbon tax rate differs accordingly. In the single introduction case, a very high tax rate is required to achieve the CO2 reduction target, but it is said that the same effect as in the single introduction case can be obtained even with a low tax rate in combination with subsidies.

  When a carbon tax is introduced, the burden of carbon tax will naturally be incurred on the CO2 emissions directly emitted by the company at each factory / business site. The carbon tax in the upstream process may be added to the material price. The cost burden varies depending on the case, so LCA data is used to clarify the CO2 emissions directly generated and the CO2 emissions indirectly generated in the upstream process, and the environmental cost by multiplying each by the carbon tax rate. Is calculated.

  In the present embodiment, in the case where the price is added to the material price, the CO2 emissions at the material procurement stage and the production stage shown in FIG. Then, it is multiplied by the tax rate, and in the case of fuel only, the potential cost is calculated by multiplying only the CO2 emission amount at the manufacturing stage by the tax rate.

  The occurrence probability of each case is obtained as shown in FIG. 22 from the introduction probability of the carbon tax for each year as shown in the tree of FIG. 21 and FIG.

The potential costs in each case are shown in FIG. Here, assuming that the occurrence probability (P) of each case and the potential cost (C) in each case, the expected value (E) of the potential cost is calculated by multiplying these as shown in the equation (1). To do. The result calculated based on Formula (1) according to the year is shown in FIG.

(Present value conversion)
In step S10 of FIG. 4, the calculated time-series cost data for each fiscal year is converted into a present value and tabulated. A discount rate is used for present value conversion, but a value of about 3 to 5% is generally used. FIG. 25 shows the aggregation results when the discount rate is 3% and when the discount rate is 5%.

(Cost summary)
In step S11 of FIG. 4, the company cost, social cost (recycling), user cost, social cost (impact), and potential cost calculated in step S5 are added together. When summing all costs, summing only company costs and potential costs directly borne by the company, or summing costs borne by the company and user costs, the social costs not borne by the company are weighted. And so on. In recent years, the importance of environmental management has been pointed out, but the weighting of social costs that the company does not bear is a value that reflects the company's attitude toward environmental management.

(output)
In step S12, the tabulation result selected in step S11 is displayed in a graph. To be able to compare the results for each company scenario set in the calculation process. This makes it possible to determine which decision making option should be selected.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the environmental cost can be easily and efficiently calculated in the form of the FCA framework.

  Further, the conventional LCC, TCA, and FCA are all temporary evaluations and cannot be dynamically evaluated. Therefore, it cannot provide data that can be used for decision-making that takes into account future uncertainties, and has not yet supported strategic planning over the medium to long term. However, according to the first embodiment, there are uncertainties such as a tax system that may be introduced in the future, changes in the basic unit of environmental impact, and changes in consumer lifestyles (represented by usage patterns). The environmental cost can be evaluated in consideration of the characteristics.

(Second Embodiment)
In the first embodiment, the case where the entire life cycle of the product is performed only in Japan has been described as an example. However, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 29, the product is manufactured in Japan and China. Environmental cost assessment is conducted for life cycle models of global production shipped to the Japanese and EU markets.

  In this case, the country or region is designated for each stage of the life cycle, and the production plan (the number of production (planned), the type of material required and its weight, etc.) in the designated country or region is specified. Input and specified in the table by country or region of environmental load intensity, disposal cost, environmental impact assessment coefficient, stored in the first to third storage units 11 to 13 for each stage of the life cycle The company cost, user cost, social cost (recycling), social cost (impact), and potential cost are calculated using a table corresponding to the country or region.

  FIG. 30 shows a configuration example of the evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to FIG. 3 and an identical part, and only a different part is demonstrated. That is, in FIG. 30, the first to third storage units 11 to 13 each have an environmental load basic unit, a disposal cost, and an environmental impact evaluation coefficient for each country or region (for example, Japan, China, EU, etc.). Stored in the table. In addition, from the input unit 1, a country or region is designated for each stage of the product life cycle, and a production plan (production (scheduled) number, type of necessary material and weight thereof in the designated country or region). Etc.) Input data by country or region.

   Hereinafter, the processing operation of the evaluation apparatus shown in FIG. 30 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 4 taking the life cycle model shown in FIG. 29 as an example. In addition, it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment fundamentally, the part which overlaps with description of 1st Embodiment is abbreviate | omitted, and a different part is mainly demonstrated. Further, in the model shown in FIG. 29, it is assumed that material procurement is performed in the manufacturing region and used products are collected in the market region.

  The major difference from the first embodiment is that the country or region where each stage of the product life cycle is implemented differs depending on the production plan.

  First, a product production plan and a collection plan are input from the input unit 1 (step S1). As the production plan, data representing the production ratio and production quantity between Japan and China as shown in FIG. 31 and product data as shown in FIG. 6 are input.

(Environmental impact assessment)
Next, in step S3, the total discharge amount of the environmental hot spring material over the entire life cycle of the product is calculated.

[1] Raw material procurement stage and manufacturing stage Product data is prepared for each country or region. In this embodiment, product data for Japan and China are prepared, but the calculation is performed assuming that the input data is the same for Japanese production and Chinese production.

  As shown in FIG. 32, the first storage unit 11 stores a table of environmental load intensity by country or region (environmental load table). In FIG. 32, the CO2 emission basic unit of the electronic component is set to decrease based on a simple assumption. More precisely, it is desirable to estimate future changes in the industrial structure through input-output analysis and general equilibrium analysis. This makes it possible to reflect changes in social and economic conditions in CO2 emission intensity. Here, since the regions corresponding to the raw material procurement stage and the manufacturing stage are Japan and China from FIG. 31, the calculation is performed using the environmental load table for Japan and the environmental load table for China. For more detailed analysis, it is also necessary to set the country or region for the material procurement stage. Procurement of materials from outside the manufacturing area has increased in recent years, and such detailed analysis may be necessary. In the present embodiment, calculation is performed on the assumption that material procurement is performed in a manufacturing area.

  The total amount of CO2 emissions of Japanese steel in 2005 is 20 [units] obtained from FIG. 31, the amount of steel used 500 [g / unit] obtained from FIG. 6, and the CO2 emissions of steel obtained from FIG. Multiply by the basic unit 2 [gCO2 / g] to obtain 20 [kgCO2]. The same calculation is performed for each material and energy, and the total amount of CO2 emissions is calculated by year and region. The result is shown in FIG.

[2] Distribution Stage In the distribution stage, as shown in FIG. 34, the distribution route (transport distance), transport means, and transport load factor for each year are input from the input unit 1 for each country or region, and these are used as the basis. In addition, the fuel consumption (light oil consumption) by year is calculated for each country or region. The total amount of CO2 emission is calculated by multiplying the light oil consumption by the CO2 emission intensity of light oil. Since the loading rate is assumed to be 80%, the CO2 emission basic unit [gCO2 / km] for each means of transportation as shown in FIG. It may be stored in a table.

  In the distribution stage, the country or region is designated according to the manufacturing country or region. In this case, Japan and China are used, and the environmental load table for Japan is used as the environmental load at the distribution stage of products shipped from Japan to Europe (EU). However, the EU environmental load table is used for transportation within the EU region. FIG. 35 shows a part of CO2 emission intensity in Japan and China.

  The amount of CO2 emissions in Japan in 2005 is 140 [kgCO2], multiplied by the transport distance of 200 [km] and the CO2 emission intensity of 700 tons of 4 tons (gCO2 / km). The same calculation is performed for each year and for each country or region to calculate the total amount of CO2 emissions. The result is shown in FIG.

  As in the raw material procurement stage, it is possible to reflect in the input data measures for improving the efficiency of logistics, such as changes in logistics routes and loading ratios, and changes in transportation means (ie, modal shift). These all represent corporate decision-making options.

[3] Usage Stage In the usage stage, as shown in FIG. 37, power consumption and usage patterns of products for each country or region are input from the input unit 1, and the total amount of power consumption is estimated from this. The total amount of CO2 emission is calculated by multiplying the total amount of power consumption by the CO2 emission intensity of electricity.

  The usage pattern includes usage time [hour / day], usage frequency [day / year], and usage year [year]. In addition to power, if there is consumption of energy and resources such as maintenance parts, it is necessary to calculate the environmental load.

  The environmental load at the use stage varies depending on the region (market country) to which the product is shipped. As shown in FIG. 37, a detailed analysis can be performed by inputting a usage pattern for each market country (shipping destination).

  Japan's CO2 emissions in 2005 were 10 [units] produced in Japan and 20 [units] produced in China as shown in FIG. 31, 30 [units], power consumption 100 [W], and usage time 1 [ Time / day] is multiplied by the usage frequency 365 [day / year] and the CO2 emission basic unit of electricity 100 [gCO2 / kWh] to be 109.3 [kgCO2 / year]. The same calculation is performed for each country or region and each year, and the total amount of CO2 emissions is calculated. The result is shown in FIG.

  Here, a reduction in power consumption (energy saving) can be reflected in the input data. Further, by changing the usage pattern, it is possible to take into account changes in the consumer's lifestyle. This corresponds to an uncertainty factor.

  In addition, in setting the years of use, more accurate results can be obtained by setting a probability distribution for each specified country or region in consideration of the variation in the years of use by consumers in the specified country or region. . Generally, since energy consumption products have a very large amount of CO2 emission at the use stage, it can be said that the accuracy of the overall evaluation results is improved by performing a more rigorous evaluation.

[4] Disposal / Recycling Stage In the disposal / recycling stage, the recovery rate for each material, the reduction rate of recyclable materials, the disposal method, and the like are input from the input unit 1 to calculate the total amount of CO2 emission. Set the collection time according to the years of use of the product. In this embodiment, since the use period of a product manufactured in Japan is 7 years, the product manufactured in 2005 will be collected in 2012.

  As shown in FIG. 40, the collection rate to the company is set for each country or region. If it is not collected by the company, it may be landfilled or recycled by the local government. When external recycling is significantly different from in-house recycling methods, it is necessary to calculate CO2 emissions separately. In the future, if it is obliged to recycle the target product, if the recycling is established even if it is not, it is considered that there is not much difference between the in-house recycling status and the external recycling status, and it can be regarded as equivalent to the in-house is there. Here, the in-house recovery rate is set to 10 [%], and the calculation is made on the assumption that both the in-house and the outside perform the same recycling.

  As materials that can be recycled, iron, copper, aluminum, glass, paper, and cardboard are set in advance for each country or region. These are materials that are widely recycled at the present time. If the company conducts special recycling, add it as a recyclable material. In addition, it is necessary to periodically examine whether there are additional materials other than the above six materials. For each of the six materials, a reduction rate is set as shown in FIG. Materials other than the above shall be incinerated or landfilled.

  The production quantity obtained from FIG. 31 is multiplied by the material usage [g] obtained from FIG. 6 and the recovery rate shown in FIG. When the disposal / recycling stage is carried out in Japan, the amount of disposal in 2012 is multiplied by the number of units produced [100] and the total mass calculated by multiplying the amount of materials used and the recovery rate 904 [g]. 90.4 [kg]. When this is multiplied by the CO2 emission basic unit of FIG. 39, 12.7 [kgCO2] is obtained.

  The reduction effect of CO2 emissions due to recycling of steel materials in 2012 is the production volume of 100 [units] in 2012, the amount of steel used 500 [g], the CO2 emission intensity of steel 2 [gCO2 / g], and the recovery From the rate 97 [%] and the reduction rate 65 [%], it becomes 63 [kg CO2], and this is treated as a negative value, which is the CO2 reduction effect by recycling. Similarly, other materials are calculated, and the CO2 reduction effect due to material recycling is calculated for each country, region, and year. The result is shown in FIG.

(Corporate cost / user cost evaluation)
Next, in step S4 and step S5 in FIG. 4, traditional costs (corporate cost and user cost) and social costs (recycling) are calculated. Below, the calculation method is demonstrated about each step.

[1] Raw Material Procurement Stage, Manufacturing Stage, and Distribution Stage As the costs for the raw material procurement stage and the manufacturing stage, the TOV per unit of product by country or region and the transportation cost as shown in FIG. 43 are used. In the present embodiment, the TOV in China is virtually calculated as twice that in Japan.

  The company cost is calculated by multiplying the production quantity by country / region and year in FIG. 31 and the cost (sum of TOV and transportation cost) by country / region in FIG. The corporate cost related to Japanese production in 2005 is 11 [10,000 yen] by multiplying the production volume of 20 [units] by the sum of TOV and transportation costs of 5500 [yen / unit]. The company costs related to Chinese production are calculated in the same way.

[2] Use stage The cost generated in the use stage is a user cost. The cost (electricity cost) can be calculated by multiplying the value of the total amount of power consumption calculated by the environmental load evaluation unit 2 and the unit price of electricity for each country or region designated for the use stage. . Unit prices of various materials and energy such as power unit prices for each country or region are stored in the second storage unit 12 in advance. For unit price information, for example, the average unit price in Japan or other countries or regions can be used based on statistical materials such as input-output tables, and if there is data managed in the company's own office Can be used.

  Japan's power consumption in 2005 is 1095 [kWh], which is 2.3 [10,000 yen] by multiplying by the unit price of electricity [21 yen / kWh]. The same calculation is performed for each year and for each country or region to calculate the total amount of CO2 emissions.

[3] Disposal / Recycling Stage At the disposal / recycling stage, cost data for each process such as crushing, incineration, and industrial waste collection is stored in advance in the second storage unit 12 for each country or region as shown in FIG. Yes.

  Each cost is calculated by multiplying the amount of disposal at the disposal / recycling stage calculated by the environmental impact assessment unit 2 and each cost unit in Fig. 44, and calculating the share of the company taking into account the company's recovery rate. To do.

  Japan's landfill costs in 2012 were 10 [units] for Japanese production and 20 [units] for China, as shown in FIG. Multiplying 40 [yen / g] and the in-house recovery rate of 10 [%] yields 11 [10,000 yen]. The same calculation is performed for each item, and the total amount of CO2 emissions is calculated for each fiscal year. Disposal costs for products not collected by the company are treated as social costs (recycling). That is, the cost of 98 [10,000 yen] other than the company recovery rate of 10% is the social cost (recycling). The same calculation is performed for landfills to calculate corporate costs and social costs (recycling). The same applies to the EU.

(Social cost (impact) evaluation)
Next, in step S6 of FIG. 4, social cost (impact) is calculated. This is because, in the social cost evaluation unit 4, the environmental impact in each country or region stored in the third storage unit 13 is added to the environmental load amount in each stage of each country or region in the life cycle calculated in step S 3. By multiplying the evaluation coefficient, the social cost (impact) is calculated.

  Japan's social cost (impact) at the material procurement stage in 2005 includes an impact evaluation factor of 1.621 [yen / kgCO2] by lime and CO2 emission amount 311 [kgCO2] calculated at step S3 (from the material procurement to the use stage) 504 [yen]. For each stage, the same calculation as described above is performed using the environmental impact assessment figures of the country or region designated for that stage, and the total amount of social cost (impact) is calculated for each year.

(Evaluation of potential cost)
In step S7 to step S9, a latent (target) cost is calculated. First, we will pick up the environmental impacts that have been subject to social costs that may be internalized as corporate costs by environmental policies (direct regulation and economic methods). It is necessary to create a policy scenario for each country or region that may be introduced in the future. For example, in Japan, the introduction of an environmental tax (carbon tax) and a waste tax are being considered. If there is a database that comprehensively manages various environmental laws and regulations, such as the environmental laws and regulations database, it is desirable to utilize them. The same calculation as in the first embodiment is performed.

(Present value conversion)
In step S10 of FIG. 4, the calculated time series cost data for each country or region and each year is converted into a present value and totaled. For current value conversion, discount rates by country or region are used. For example, 5% is set in Japan and 10% is set in China. The counting result at this time is shown in FIG.

(Cost summary)
In step S11 of FIG. 4, the company cost, social cost (recycling), user cost, social cost (impact), and potential cost calculated in step S5 are added together. When summing all costs, summing only company costs and potential costs directly borne by the company, or summing costs borne by the company and user costs, the social costs not borne by the company are weighted. If you want to add them together, ask for them by country or region. In recent years, the importance of environmental management has been pointed out, but the weighting of social costs that the company does not bear is a value that reflects the company's attitude toward environmental management.

(output)
In step S12, the tabulation result selected in step S11 is displayed in a graph. To be able to compare the results for each company scenario set in the calculation process. This makes it possible to determine which decision making option should be selected.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, the environmental cost can be easily and efficiently calculated in the form of the FCA framework.

  In addition, environmental costs can be easily evaluated for life cycle models of global production in which products are manufactured in Japan and China and shipped to the Japanese and EU markets.

  In addition, tax systems that may be introduced in each country or region, changes in environmental load intensity in each country or region, and consumer lifestyle (in terms of usage patterns) in each country or region. Environmental costs can be assessed taking into account national or regional uncertainties such as changes.

  As described above, according to the first and second embodiments, the environmental cost can be calculated in the form of the FCA framework, and the company can bear the burden by considering the uncertainty. A reasonable environmental cost can be calculated. Can support management planning in consideration of environmental risks.

  The method of the present invention described in the embodiment of the present invention (particularly, the functions shown in FIGS. 3 and 30) is implemented as a magnetic disk (flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) as a program that can be executed by a computer. It can also be stored and distributed in a recording medium such as an optical disk (CD-ROM, DVD, etc.), semiconductor memory or the like.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

The figure for demonstrating five costs called "traditional company cost", "potential company cost", "social cost (impact)", "social cost (recycling)", and "user cost". The figure for demonstrating the outline procedure of environmental cost evaluation. The figure which showed the structural example of the evaluation apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The flowchart for demonstrating the processing operation of an evaluation apparatus. The figure which showed an example of the data showing the production number which is one of the input data. The figure which showed an example of the product data which is one of input data. The figure which showed a part of environmental load basic unit memorize | stored in the 1st memory | storage part. The figure which showed an example of the environmental load calculation result in a material procurement stage and a manufacture stage. The figure which showed an example of the data which is one of the input data, and is used when calculating the environmental load in a distribution stage. The figure which showed the example of a memory | storage of the environmental load basic unit according to the transportation means memorize | stored in the 1st memory | storage part. The figure which showed an example of the environmental load calculation result of a distribution stage. The figure which was one of the input data, and showed an example of the usage pattern of a product. The figure which showed an example of the environmental load calculation result of a use stage. The figure which showed the example of a memory | storage of the environmental load basic unit according to the disposal method memorize | stored in the 1st memory | storage part. The figure which is one of the input data or preset data, and showed an example of the collection rate according to material. The figure which is one of the input data or preset data, and showed an example of the reduction rate according to material. The figure which showed an example of the environmental load calculation result of a disposal / recycling stage. The figure which showed one example of the data showing one of input data, and TOV and transport cost. The figure which showed the example of a memory | storage of the discard cost classified by the discard method memorize | stored in the 2nd memory | storage part. The figure which showed an example of the data which is one of input data, and represents the carbon tax introduction probability in Japan. The figure which showed an example of the scenario tree regarding the tax rate of the carbon tax in Japan. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of data that is one of input data and represents an occurrence probability for each case (form) represented in the scenario tree of FIG. 21. The figure which showed an example of the calculation result of the potential cost according to each case (form) represented by the scenario tree of FIG. The figure which showed an example of the calculation result of the potential cost. The figure which showed the result of having converted each value (corporate cost, user cost, potential cost, social cost (impact), social cost (recycling)) into present value. The figure for demonstrating the processing operation | movement which calculates an environmental load in an environmental load evaluation part from an input data, and calculates a social cost in a social cost evaluation part. The figure for demonstrating the processing operation | movement which calculates a company cost, a user cost, and a social cost (recycling) in a symbol cost user cost evaluation part from input data and the environmental load calculated in the environmental load evaluation part. The figure for demonstrating the processing operation | movement which calculates a potential cost in a potential cost evaluation part from input data and the environmental load calculated in the environmental load evaluation part. The figure which showed an example of the life cycle model. The figure which showed the structural example of the evaluation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The figure which showed the other example of the data showing the country which is one of the input data, or the number of production. The figure which showed the other example of the environmental load basic unit memorize | stored in the 1st memory | storage part. The figure which showed the other example of the environmental load calculation result in a material procurement stage and a manufacture stage. The figure which showed other examples of the data used when calculating the environmental load in the distribution stage which is one of input data. The figure which showed the other example of memory | storage of the environmental load basic unit according to the transportation means memorize | stored in the 1st memory | storage part. The figure which showed the other example of the environmental load calculation result of a distribution stage. The figure which was one of input data, and showed the other example of the usage pattern of a product. The figure which showed the other example of the environmental load calculation result of the use stage. The figure which showed the other example of memory | storage of the environmental load basic unit according to the disposal method memorize | stored in the 1st memory | storage part. The figure which is one of the input data or the data set beforehand, Comprising: The figure which showed the other example of the collection rate according to material. The figure which was one of the input data or preset data, and showed the other example of the reduction rate according to material. The figure which showed the other example of the environmental load calculation result of the disposal / recycling stage. The figure which was another example of the data showing TOV and transportation cost as one of the input data. The figure which showed the other example of a memory | storage cost according to the disposal method memorize | stored in the 2nd memory | storage part. The figure which showed the other example of the calculation result of the potential cost.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Input part, 2 ... Environmental impact evaluation part, 3 ... Corporate cost user cost evaluation part, 4 ... Social cost evaluation part, 5 ... Potential cost evaluation part, 6 ... Present value conversion part, 7 ... Cost totalization part, 8 ... an output unit, 11 ... a first storage unit, 12 ... a second storage unit, 13 ... a third storage unit.

Claims (7)

It is an evaluation device that evaluates the costs borne by the manufacturer of the product, the user of the product, and society in the life cycle including the stages of material procurement, manufacture, distribution, use, collection, disposal and recycling. And
A first input means for inputting a production plan for each year that represents at least the number of products produced and the types and weights of materials required at each stage of the life cycle;
A designation means for designating a country or region for each stage of the life cycle;
A first storage means for storing the environmental load basic unit for each year of environmental pollutants by country or region;
Using the environmental load intensity corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle, calculate the amount of environmental pollutant emissions at each stage of the life cycle for each year based on the production plan. First calculating means for
A second storage means for storing an environmental impact assessment coefficient for each year that represents the amount of damage to the society for each unit amount of the environmental pollutant by country or region;
Using the environmental impact assessment count corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle, the first cost borne by the society at each stage of the life cycle based on the emission amount A second calculating means for calculating separately;
A third storage means for storing the disposal cost for each type of disposal method by year for each country or region;
Costs borne by the manufacturer for shipping and transportation in the country or region designated for the procurement, production, and distribution stages of the life cycle calculated based on the production plan, and disposal / recycling of the life cycle Calculated using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the stage, for the amount of waste disposed of without being recycled and collected by the manufacturer and discarded by the manufacturer A third calculating means for calculating, by year, a second cost borne by the manufacturer including a cost borne by the manufacturer;
A third cost that is a cost borne by the user in the use stage based on the energy consumption of the product and the unit price of the energy corresponding to the country or region designated for the use stage of the life cycle A fourth calculating means for calculating for each year;
Using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the disposal / recycling stage of the life cycle, the manufacturer collects the amount of disposal disposed without being recycled in the disposal / recycling stage. A fifth calculating means for calculating, by year, a fourth cost borne by the society for the amount discarded by the society,
A sixth calculating means for calculating, by year, a fifth cost that the manufacturer may bear in the future when manufacturing the product;
Based on the first to fifth costs for each year, a seventh calculation means for calculating a total cost for each year corresponding to the production plan;
Output means for outputting the total cost for each year;
An evaluation apparatus comprising: The system further comprises a second input means for inputting an occurrence probability corresponding to each of a plurality of different introduction forms for a new tax system that may be introduced in the future by country or region,
The evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sixth calculation unit calculates the fifth cost for each year based on the occurrence probability corresponding to each of the plurality of introduction forms.   The evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the type and weight of the material of the product included in the production plan are different every year. Cost evaluation for evaluating the costs borne by the product manufacturer, the user of the product, and society in the life cycle including the stages of material procurement, manufacture, distribution, use, collection, disposal and recycling A method,
A first input step of inputting a production plan for each year, which represents at least the number of products produced, and the types and weights of materials required in each stage of the life cycle;
A designation step for designating a country or region for each stage of the life cycle;
Storing the environmental load basic unit for each year of environmental pollutants in the first storage means for each country or region;
Using the environmental load intensity corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle, calculate the amount of environmental pollutant emissions at each stage of the life cycle for each year based on the production plan. A first calculating step,
Storing, in a second storage means, an environmental impact assessment coefficient for each year that represents the amount of damage that the society suffers per unit amount of environmental pollutant for each country or region;
Using the environmental impact assessment coefficient corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle, the first cost borne by the society at each stage of the life cycle is calculated based on the emission amount. A second calculation step for calculating separately;
Storing the disposal cost for each type of disposal method for each year by country or region in a third storage means;
Costs borne by the manufacturer for shipping and transportation in the country or region designated for the procurement, production, and distribution stages of the life cycle calculated based on the production plan, and disposal / recycling of the life cycle Calculated using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the stage, for the amount of waste disposed of without being recycled and collected by the manufacturer and discarded by the manufacturer A third calculation step of calculating, by year, a second cost borne by the manufacturer including a cost borne by the manufacturer;
A third cost that is a cost borne by the user in the use stage based on the energy consumption of the product and the unit price of the energy corresponding to the country or region designated for the use stage of the life cycle A fourth calculation step for calculating the year by year;
Using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the disposal / recycling stage of the life cycle, the manufacturer collects the amount of disposal disposed without being recycled in the disposal / recycling stage. A fifth calculation step of calculating, for each year, a fourth cost borne by the society for the amount discarded by the society,
A sixth calculation step of calculating, by year, a fifth cost that the manufacturer may bear in the future when manufacturing the product;
Based on the first to fifth costs for each year, a seventh calculation step for calculating a total cost for each year corresponding to the production plan;
An output step of outputting the total cost for each year;
A cost evaluation method characterized by comprising: A second input step of inputting an occurrence probability corresponding to each of a plurality of different introduction forms for a new tax system that may be introduced in the future by country or region;
5. The cost evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the sixth calculation step calculates the fifth cost for each fiscal year based on the occurrence probability corresponding to each of the plurality of introduction forms.   The cost evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the type and weight of the material of the product included in the production plan are different every year. Environmental load intensity unit for each year of environmental pollutants, stored in the storage means for each country or region, and environmental impact assessment coefficient for each year that represents the amount of damage the society suffers per unit amount of the environmental pollutants, Using the disposal cost of each type of disposal method by year, the manufacturer of the product and the use of the product in the life cycle including each stage of material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, recovery, disposal and recycling Is a program for evaluating the costs borne by each person and society,
A first input step of inputting a production plan for each year, which represents at least the number of products produced, and the types and weights of materials required in each stage of the life cycle;
A designation step for designating a country or region for each stage of the life cycle;
Using the environmental load intensity corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle, calculate the amount of environmental pollutant emissions at each stage of the life cycle for each year based on the production plan. A first calculating step,
Using the environmental impact assessment count corresponding to the country or region designated for each stage of the life cycle, the first cost borne by the society at each stage of the life cycle based on the emission amount A second calculation step for calculating separately;
Costs borne by the manufacturer for shipping and transportation in the country or region designated for the procurement, production, and distribution stages of the life cycle calculated based on the production plan, and disposal / recycling of the life cycle Calculated using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the stage, for the amount of waste disposed of without being recycled and collected by the manufacturer and discarded by the manufacturer A third calculation step of calculating, by year, a second cost borne by the manufacturer including a cost borne by the manufacturer;
A third cost that is a cost borne by the user in the use stage based on the energy consumption of the product and the unit price of the energy corresponding to the country or region designated for the use stage of the life cycle A fourth calculation step for calculating the year by year;
Using the disposal cost corresponding to the country or region designated for the disposal / recycling stage of the life cycle, the manufacturer collects the amount of disposal disposed without being recycled in the disposal / recycling stage. A fifth calculation step of calculating, for each year, a fourth cost borne by the society for the amount discarded by the society,
A sixth calculation step of calculating, by year, a fifth cost that the manufacturer may bear in the future when manufacturing the product;
Based on the first to fifth costs for each year, a seventh calculation step for calculating a total cost for each year corresponding to the production plan;
An output step of outputting the total cost for each year;
The program characterized by having.

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