JP2005154599A - Manufacturing method for polyurethane foam having volatile aldehyde reduced - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、揮発アルデヒドが低減されたポリウレタンフォームの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a polyurethane foam with reduced volatile aldehydes.
日常生活及び産業環境から発生する悪臭あるいは異臭は、その知覚程度に個人差はあるものの、できる限りに知覚されないようにすることが望ましい。この悪臭あるいは異臭を知覚されないようにする手段としては、別の強力な臭気で悪臭あるいは異臭を隠す方法、悪臭あるいは異臭の原因物質を捕捉する方法、又は悪臭あるいは異臭の原因物質を化学反応で除去する方法などが知られている。
しかし、別の強力な臭気によって悪臭あるいは異臭を隠す方法では、原因物質そのものの発生を抑えるものでなく、悪臭あるいは異臭が強力な場合には効果が小さく、原因物質の種類によっては全く効果が得られない場合もある。また悪臭あるいは異臭の原因物質を捕捉する方法では、活性炭やゼオライトなどの吸着材に原因物質を吸着する方法が主流であるが、吸着量が飽和すると効果が得られないので、吸着材を定期的に交換する必要がある。また原因物質濃度が急激に高まった場合などには、捕捉しきれず目的とする効果が得られないという不具合がある。
It is desirable to prevent malodor or odor generated from daily life and industrial environment from being perceived as much as possible, although there are individual differences in perception. As a means to prevent the perception of this bad odor or odor, a method of concealing the odor or odor with another strong odor, a method of capturing the odor or odor causing substance, or removing the odor or odor causing substance by a chemical reaction The method of doing is known.
However, the method of concealing malodor or odor by another strong odor does not suppress the generation of the causative substance itself, and the effect is small when the odor or nasty odor is strong, and it is quite effective depending on the type of causative substance. It may not be possible. In addition, in the method of capturing the cause substances of bad odor or offensive odor, the mainstream method is to adsorb the cause substances on an adsorbent such as activated carbon or zeolite. However, if the adsorption amount is saturated, the effect cannot be obtained. Need to be replaced. In addition, when the concentration of the causative substance increases rapidly, there is a problem that the target effect cannot be obtained because it cannot be captured.
悪臭あるいは異臭の原因物質としては、アンモニア、メルカプタン類、アミン類、アルデヒド類などがあり、ポリウレタンフォームからは主にアルデヒド類が揮発することが知られている。
ポリウレタンフォームから揮発するアルデヒドを低減する方法として、還元剤を用いてアルデヒド類を還元する方法が開示されている（特許文献１参照）。この方法は、化学式Ｍ［ＢＨn ｛（ＯＲ1）m（ＯＲ2）｝4-n］x（ここで、ＭはＬｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｚｎ及びＡｌから選ばれる金属、Ｒ1はアルキレン基、Ｒ2はアルキル基、ｎ＝１〜４、ｍ≧０、ｘは金属Ｍの価数）で示される化合物を利用する方法であるが、その添加方法は溶融樹脂に練りこむ、溶液状にして樹脂に含浸させるなどの方法が記載され、また、その実施例には還元剤をポリオールに直接添加する方法が示されているが、この場合は還元剤の溶解分散が均一ではないため、十分な還元効果が得られない。
As a method of reducing aldehydes volatilized from polyurethane foam, a method of reducing aldehydes using a reducing agent has been disclosed (see Patent Document 1). In this method, the chemical formula M [BH n {(OR 1 ) m (OR 2 )} 4-n ] x (where M is a metal selected from Li, Na, K, Ca, Zn and Al, and R 1 is An alkylene group, R 2 is an alkyl group, n = 1 to 4, m ≧ 0, x is a valence of metal M), and the addition method is kneaded into a molten resin. In this example, a method of adding a reducing agent directly to a polyol is shown, but in this case, the reducing agent is not uniformly dissolved and dispersed. A sufficient reduction effect cannot be obtained.
本発明は、ポリウレタンフォームから揮発するアルデヒドを効率良く還元除去することができ、臭気が知覚されないポリウレタンフォームの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polyurethane foam that can efficiently reduce and remove volatiles that are volatilized from the polyurethane foam and that does not perceive odor.
上記課題を解決する本発明の特徴は、ポリオール、整泡剤、触媒および水を含むプレミックスと、有機イソシアネートからポリウレタンフォームを製造する方法において、水溶性の還元剤を水に溶解して添加することにある。 A feature of the present invention that solves the above problems is that a water-soluble reducing agent is dissolved in water in a premix containing a polyol, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst and water and a method for producing polyurethane foam from an organic isocyanate. There is.
本発明によれば、より少ない還元剤の添加によって、ポリウレタンフォームからの揮発アルデヒドの大きな低減効果が得られる。 According to the present invention, a large reduction effect of volatile aldehyde from the polyurethane foam can be obtained by adding less reducing agent.
本発明に使用される還元剤としては、工業的に製造されている水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、水素化リチウムアルミニウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、ヒドラジン化合物、アスコルビン酸、還元糖等が挙げられるが、水溶性の還元剤であれば何ら制限されるものではない。
その他に使用される原料であるポリオール、整泡剤、触媒、水および有機イソシアネート化合物は、通常のポリウレタンフォーム製造に用いられるものであれば如何なるものでもよい。
また、プレミックスは、必要に応じて物理発泡剤、助剤を添加したものでもよく、これらも通常のポリウレタンフォーム製造に用いられるものであれば如何なるものでもよい。
Examples of the reducing agent used in the present invention include industrially produced sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, hydrazine compound, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, etc. If it is a sex reducing agent, it will not be restrict | limited at all.
The polyol, foam stabilizer, catalyst, water, and organic isocyanate compound, which are other raw materials used, may be any as long as they can be used for normal polyurethane foam production.
Further, the premix may be added with a physical foaming agent and an auxiliary agent as necessary, and any of these may be used as long as it can be used for ordinary polyurethane foam production.
水溶性還元剤は、水に溶解して添加することによって、プレミックス中での分散性が向上するため、ポリウレタンフォーム中に均一に分散し、より少ない添加量で大きな揮発アルデヒド低減効果が得られる。また、ポリウレタンフォーム自体の物性が低下することもない。
具体的な添加量は、ポリオール重量基準で、０．００１〜０．０１％とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは０．００２〜０．００８％、更に好ましくは０．００３〜０．００５％である。添加量が０．００１％より少なくなると明確な効果が得られず、０．０１％より多くなると原材料のコストアップを招く。
The water-soluble reducing agent is dissolved in water and added to improve the dispersibility in the premix. Therefore, the water-soluble reducing agent is uniformly dispersed in the polyurethane foam, and a large volatile aldehyde reduction effect can be obtained with a smaller addition amount. . Further, the physical properties of the polyurethane foam itself are not deteriorated.
The specific addition amount is preferably 0.001 to 0.01% based on the polyol weight, more preferably 0.002 to 0.008%, and still more preferably 0.003 to 0.005%. is there. When the addition amount is less than 0.001%, a clear effect cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 0.01%, the cost of the raw material is increased.
還元剤水溶液中の還元剤の濃度は、ウレタンフォームを形成するために化学発泡剤として添加される水の量に依存するため、特に限定されるものではない。
還元剤水溶液の添加温度は、０〜１００℃とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは１０〜６０℃、更に好ましくは２０〜４０℃である。添加温度が０℃より低くなると、プレミックの粘度が上昇し、均一に分散させるために長時間攪拌する必要が生じ、温度が１００℃より高くなると、添加した水の突沸が起こるようになる。
The concentration of the reducing agent in the reducing agent aqueous solution is not particularly limited because it depends on the amount of water added as a chemical foaming agent to form urethane foam.
The addition temperature of the reducing agent aqueous solution is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 to 60 ° C, and still more preferably 20 to 40 ° C. When the addition temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the viscosity of the premic is increased, and it is necessary to stir for a long time in order to uniformly disperse, and when the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., bumping of the added water occurs.
還元剤水溶液をどの段階で添加するかは特に限定されるものではないが、ポリオール、整泡剤、必要に応じて添加される物理発泡剤、助剤からなる混合液に、あらかじめ調製しておいた水、水溶性還元剤、触媒からなる還元剤水溶液を添加する方法が実用的である。 The stage at which the aqueous reducing agent solution is added is not particularly limited, but it should be prepared in advance in a mixed solution comprising a polyol, a foam stabilizer, a physical foaming agent added as necessary, and an auxiliary agent. A method of adding a reducing agent aqueous solution comprising water, a water-soluble reducing agent, and a catalyst is practical.
以下、本発明を実施例、比較例を用い、詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例になんら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail using an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.
水９０部、トリエチレンジアミン及びビス−（２−ジメチルアミノエチルエーテル）より構成される触媒１０部からなる水溶液に、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム０．０７１部を添加し、還元剤水溶液とした。該還元剤水溶液４．２部を、グリセリンにプロピレンオキシド、エチレンオキシドを付加して得られた水酸基価２８ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇのポリエーテルポリオール２５部、グリセリンにプロピレンオキシド、エチレンオキシドを付加して得られた水酸基価３４ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇのポリエーテルポリオール中でアクリロニトリル及びスチレンを重合して得られた水酸基価２８ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇのポリマーポリオール７５部、ポリアルキレンオキシドメチルシロキサンコポリマーを含む整泡剤１部およびジエタノールアミン及びポリエーテルポリオールより構成される架橋剤４．３部からなる混合液に室温で添加攪拌し、プレミックスを得た。水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加量は、ポリオール重量基準で、０．００３％であった。
該プレミックス１２０部と有機イソシアネート（三井武田ケミカル株式会社コスモネートＴＭ−２０）５１部を４０００ｒｐｍで６秒間攪拌し、角を切り取ったテドラーパック（ＧＬサイエンス社製ＡＡ−１０）に１２０部流し込み、速やかに密閉した。発泡終了後、テドラーパック中のガス相をジニトロフェニルヒドラジン（ＤＮＰＨ）カートリッジ（Ｗａｔｅｒ社製Ｓｅｐ−ＰａｋRＬｏｎｇ）に送入し、ガス相に存在するアセトアルデヒドを収集した。その後、反応で生成したアルデヒドヒドラゾン化合物をＨＰＬＣで定量したところ、アセトアルデヒド量は、ポリウレタンフォーム重量基準で３３ｐｐｂであった。
続いて、テドラーパックに約４Ｌの窒素を封入し、６５℃で２時間加熱し、ポリウレタンフォーム中に残存したアセトアルデヒドを揮発させた後、上記と同様の操作でアセトアルデヒドを定量した。求められたアセトアルデヒド量は、ポリウレタンフォーム重量基準で７２ｐｐｂであった。
したがって、揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１０５ｐｐｂであった。
0.071 parts of sodium borohydride was added to an aqueous solution composed of 90 parts of water, 10 parts of a catalyst composed of triethylenediamine and bis- (2-dimethylaminoethyl ether) to obtain an aqueous reducing agent solution. Hydroxyl value obtained by adding 4.2 parts of the reducing agent aqueous solution to 25 parts of a polyether polyol having a hydroxyl value of 28 mg KOH / g obtained by adding propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to glycerin, and a hydroxyl value obtained by adding propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to glycerin. From 75 parts of a polymer polyol having a hydroxyl value of 28 mg KOH / g obtained by polymerizing acrylonitrile and styrene in a 34 mg KOH / g polyether polyol, 1 part of a foam stabilizer containing a polyalkylene oxide methylsiloxane copolymer, and diethanolamine and polyether polyol A premix was obtained by adding and stirring at room temperature to a mixed liquid composed of 4.3 parts of the crosslinking agent. The amount of sodium borohydride added was 0.003% based on the weight of the polyol.
120 parts of the premix and 51 parts of organic isocyanate (Mitsui Takeda Chemical Cosmonate TM-20) were stirred at 4000 rpm for 6 seconds, and 120 parts were poured into a tedlar pack (AA Science 10 manufactured by GL Science). Sealed. After foaming ends, fed to the gas phase in Tedorapakku to dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge (Water Corporation Sep-Pak R Long), it was collected acetaldehyde present in the gas phase. Then, when the aldehyde hydrazone compound produced | generated by reaction was quantified by HPLC, the amount of acetaldehyde was 33 ppb on the basis of a polyurethane foam weight.
Subsequently, about 4 L of nitrogen was sealed in the Tedlar pack, heated at 65 ° C. for 2 hours to volatilize the acetaldehyde remaining in the polyurethane foam, and then acetaldehyde was quantified by the same operation as described above. The amount of acetaldehyde determined was 72 ppb based on the weight of the polyurethane foam.
Therefore, the total amount of volatile acetaldehyde was 105 ppb.
水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加量を０．００１％とする以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１２７ｐｐｂであった。 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of sodium borohydride added was 0.001%. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 127 ppb.
水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加量を０．０１％とする以外は、実施例１と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は６５ｐｐｂであった。 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of sodium borohydride added was 0.01%. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 65 ppb.
水溶性還元剤をチオ硫酸ナトリウムに変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１３５ｐｐｂであった。 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the water-soluble reducing agent was changed to sodium thiosulfate. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 135 ppb.
水溶性還元剤を亜硫酸ナトリウムに変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１２９ｐｐｂであった。
（比較例１）
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the water-soluble reducing agent was changed to sodium sulfite. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 129 ppb.
(Comparative Example 1)
水溶性還元剤を添加せず、実施例１と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１７６ｐｐｂであった。
（比較例２）
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed without adding a water-soluble reducing agent. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 176 ppb.
(Comparative Example 2)
前記ポリエーテルポリオール２５部、前記ポリマーポリオール７５部、前記整泡剤１部および前記架橋剤４．３部からなる混合液に、固形の水素化ホウ素ナトリウム０．００１部を添加攪拌し、混合物を得た。続いて、該混合物に水３．８部、前記触媒０．４部を添加攪拌し、プレミックスを得た。水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加量は、ポリオール重量基準で、０．００１％であった。
続いて、実施例1と同様の操作を行ったところ、求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１７４ｐｐｂであった。
（比較例３）
To a mixed liquid composed of 25 parts of the polyether polyol, 75 parts of the polymer polyol, 1 part of the foam stabilizer and 4.3 parts of the crosslinking agent, 0.001 part of solid sodium borohydride is added and stirred, and the mixture is stirred. Obtained. Subsequently, 3.8 parts of water and 0.4 part of the catalyst were added to the mixture and stirred to obtain a premix. The amount of sodium borohydride added was 0.001% based on the weight of the polyol.
Then, when operation similar to Example 1 was performed, the calculated | required volatile acetaldehyde total amount was 174 ppb.
(Comparative Example 3)
水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加量を０．００３％とする以外は、比較例２と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は１４８ｐｐｂであった。
（比較例４）
The same operation as in Comparative Example 2 was performed except that the amount of sodium borohydride added was 0.003%. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 148 ppb.
(Comparative Example 4)
水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの添加量を０．０１％とする以外は、比較例２と同様の操作を行った。求められた揮発アセトアルデヒド合計量は８９ｐｐｂであった。 The same operation as in Comparative Example 2 was performed except that the amount of sodium borohydride added was 0.01%. The total amount of volatile acetaldehyde determined was 89 ppb.
表１から、還元剤を添加すると揮発するアルデヒドの量が少なくなり、添加量が多い程その効果が大きく、また同じ量でも添加方法は、水溶液で加える方がポリオールに直接加えるより効果的であることがわかる。 From Table 1, when the reducing agent is added, the amount of aldehyde that volatilizes decreases, the effect increases as the amount added increases, and even with the same amount, the addition method in an aqueous solution is more effective than adding it directly to the polyol. I understand that.
本発明で得られる揮発アルデヒドが低減されたポリウレタンフォームは、密閉された空間、例えば自動車内での使用に有効である。 The polyurethane foam with reduced volatile aldehyde obtained in the present invention is effective for use in a closed space, for example, an automobile.
Claims (3)
The method for producing a polyurethane foam according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the addition temperature of the water-soluble reducing agent is 0 to 100 ° C.
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